vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN....................................................................................... iii

PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ...................................................................................... xii

INTISARI ............................................................................................................. xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 3

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ........................................................................ 3

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ....................................................................... 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ..................................................................... 4

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ...................................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 5

2.1. Kolesterol ........................................................................................ 5

2.1.1. Definisi Kolesterol ................................................................. 5

2.1.2. Fungsi Kolesterol ................................................................... 5

2.1.3. Jalur untuk Pembentukan Kolesterol ..................................... 6

2.1.4. Lipoprotein Pembawa Kolesterol ........................................... 8

2.1.5. Mekanisme Penyerapan Lemak Dalam Tubuh .................... 11

2.1.6. Produksi, Transportasi dan Distribusi Kolesterol ................ 12

2.1.7. Hiperkolesterolemia ............................................................. 14

2.1.8. Faktor Resiko Hiperkolesterolemia ..................................... 17

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2.1.9. Simvastatin ........................................................................... 19

2.1.10. Keseimbangan Asam-Basa .............................................. 20

2.2. Air Alkali ....................................................................................... 21

2.2.1. Definisi Air Alkali ............................................................... 21

2.2.2. Proses Pembuatan Air Alkali ............................................... 22

2.2.3. Manfaat Air Alkali ............................................................... 23

2.2.4. Peran Air Alkali Dalam Keseimbangan Asam-Basa Tubuh 24

2.2.5. Enzim (CYP7A1) Dan Enzim HMG-CoA Reduktase ......... 25

2.2.6. Air Mineral Aqua ................................................................. 25

2.2.7. Milagros ............................................................................... 27

2.3. Hubungan Air Alkali Dengan Kolesterol ...................................... 28

2.4. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................. 30

2.5. Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................... 31

2.6. Hipotesis ........................................................................................ 31

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 32

3.1. Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian .................................... 32

3.2. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional ............................... 32

3.2.1 Variabel Penelitian ............................................................... 32

3.2.2 Definisi Operasional ............................................................ 33

3.3. Populasi dan Sampel ...................................................................... 34

3.3.1 Populasi Penelitian ............................................................... 34

3.3.2 Sampel .................................................................................. 34

3.4. Instrumen Penelitian ...................................................................... 35

3.4.1 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................ 35

3.4.2 Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah : ................ 36

3.5. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................... 36

3.6. Tempat dan Waktu ........................................................................ 39

3.7. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................... 40

3.8. Analisis Hasil ................................................................................. 41

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 42

4.1 Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 42

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4.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................... 44

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 49

5.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 49

5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 50

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 51

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 56

ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Struktur Lipoprotein .......................................................................... 9

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Top Brand Index Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK). .................... 27

Tabel 4. 1 Data kadar kolesterol total (mg/dl) antar kelompok perlakuan .......... 43

Tabel 4. 2 Hasil Uji Post Hoc LSD ..................................................................... 44

xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Ethical Clearance ........................................................................... 56

Lampiran 2 Surat Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ................................................... 57

Lampiran 3 Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian .............................. 58

Lampiran 4 Data kolesterol total, hasil uji normalitas sebaran data, dan

homogenitas .................................................................................... 59

Lampiran 5 Data kadar kolesterol total, hasil analisis uji beda dengan one

way anova dan post hoc LSD ......................................................... 60

Lampiran 6 Dokumentasi penelitian .................................................................. 61

xii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

AHA : American Heart Association

CHF : Congestive Heart Failure

CYP7A1 : Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase

HDL : High Density Lipoprotein

IDL : Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein

LDL : Low Density Lipoprotein

NCEP APT III : National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Panel

Treatment III

NO : Nitric Oxide

NOX : NADPH Oxidase

ORP : Oxidation Reduction Potential

PJK : Penyakit Jantung Koroner

ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species

VLDL : Very Low Density Lipoprotein

VSM : Vasculer Smooth Muscle

WHO : World Health Organization