D2D Communications:

Technology and Prospect

ABHISHEK ROYSAMSUNG ELECTRONICS

abhishek.roy@samsung.com

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Contents

• Introduction

• D2D usage scenarios D2D

• Communication procedure

• D2D communication technology

• 3GPP Proximity Services

• Related papers

• Conclusion

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Introduction

• What is D2D (Device-to-Device) communication?

D2D communication allows device to communicate directly each other over the

D2D links without infrastructure

Different from M2M, D2D is supposed to be an access or link-layer technology.

Emerging license band-based D2D devices are expected to share the same

resources with cellular system

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Advantages of D2D• Reduced device transmission power

• Reduced communication delay

• Device can communicate with neighbor device

• Cellular traffic offload

• Enhanced cellular capacity

Better load balancing

• Increased spectral efficiency

• Spatial reuse through many D2D links

• Extended cell coverage area

• Easy support of location based service

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Different D2D usage cases

<Lei Lei, Zhangdui Zhong, Chuang Lin and Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, ”Operator Controlled Device-to-Device Communication in LTE-Advanced

Networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2012>

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D2D scenarios

<M.scott corson, Rajiv Laroia, Junyi Li, Vincent Park, Tom Richardson and George Tsirtsis,” Toward proximity-aware interworking ,” IEEE Wireless

Communications, December 2012>

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D2D scenarios• Devices advertise their services

<LTE Direct Overview, Sajith Balraj, Qualcomm Research, 2012>

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D2D scenarios• Data offloading

<Mi Jeong Yang, Soon Yong Lim, Hyeong Jun Park, and Nam Hoon Park, Solving the Data Overload, Device-to-Device Bearer Control Architecture for Cellular Data

Offloading, IEEE vehicular technology magazine, March 2013 >

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Trends in D2D standardization

• Licensed band

FlashLinQ (LTE-Direct) by Qualcomm

3GPP LTE ProSe (Proximity Service)

IEEE 802.16 PPC (Project Planning Committee)

3GPP ProSe

FlashlinQ, LTE-DIRECT BY QUALCOMM

802.16 PCC

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Two different types of D2D

Without network assist With network assist

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D2D communication

procedure

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D2D communication procedure

• Device discovery

Detecting the presence of other devices in the neighborhood

• Link setup

Establishing links between interested devices

• Data communication

Transmitting or receiving data via established links

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D2D communication procedure• D2D communication procedure

• Network assistance from eNodeB is optional

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Different peer discovery techniques

<G. Fodor, E. Dahlman, G. Mildh, S. Parkvall, N. Reider, G. Miklós, and Z. Turányi, Ericsson Research, “Design aspects of network assisted device-to-device communications,” IEEE

Communications Magazine, March 2012>

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3GPP Proximity Services

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3GPP Proximity Services

• Proximity Services (ProSe) study in 3GPP Release 12 & Onward • Scope

Commercial/social use

• Network offloading

• Integration of current infrastructure services, to assure the consistency of the user

experience including reachability and mobility aspects

Public safety, even in case of absence of EUTRAN coverage

• The objective is to study use cases and identify potential requirements for

operator network controlled discovery and communications between UEs

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Proximity Services discovery

• ProSe Direct discovery

A procedure employed by a ProSe-enabled UE to discover other ProSe-

enabled UEs in its vicinity

• EPC-level ProSe discovery

• A process by which the EPC determines the proximity of two ProSe- enabled

UEs and informs them of their proximity.

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3GPP Proximity Services

Data paths for ProSe Communications

Default data path scenario ProSe Communication scenario

Default data path setup in the EPS for

communication between two UEs

The “direct mode” data path in the EPS

for communication between two UEs

<3GPP TR 22.803 Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe) v12.00 2012-12>

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Control paths for ProSe Communications

3GPP Proximity Services

ontrol path for network supported ProSe

served by the same eNB. (solid arrows)

Control path for network supported

ProSe served by different eNBs

ProSe Communication are served by the same eNB and different eNBs (e.g., macro/micro cell)

Control information exchanged between the UE, eNB and the EPC

(e.g., session management, authorization, security)

<3GPP TR 22.803 Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe) v12.00 2012-12>

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Related Papers

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Related papers - Interference

• Interference avoidance mechanism

<T. Peng, Q. Lu, H. Wang, S. Xu, and W. Wang, “Interference avoidance mechanism in the hybrid cellular and device-to-device systems,” in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor

and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Sept. 2009.>

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Related papers – Time hopping

• Resource allocation with Time Hopping

• Randomize and minimize the overall channel collisions

. <T. Chen, G. Charbit, and S. Hakola, “Time hopping for device-to-device communication in LTE cellular system,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, (WCNC), Apr. 2010.>

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Related papers – Resource allocation

• Possible resource allocation modes

<C.-H. Yu, O. Tirkkonen, K. Doppler, and C. B. Ribeiro, “Power optimization of device-to-device communication underlaying cellular communication,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference

on Communications (ICC) , Apr. 2009.>

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Related papers – Power control

• Dynamic power control scheme for D2D pairs

<Jaheon Gu, Sueng Jae Bae, Bum-Gon Choi, Min Young Chung, “Dynamic power control mechanism for

interference coordination of device-to-device communication in cellular networks," Ubiquitous and Future Networks

(ICUFN), Jun, 2011>

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Conclusion

• D2D is an emerging wireless technology for direct communications among devices

• D2D is expected to be a key technology to improve system capacity and user

experience in various service scenarios.

• There are many technical issues including how to coexist with cellular network users

and how to deal with interferences

• We also need to develop D2D applications which are attractive to both operators and

users

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References

[1] M.scott corson, Rajiv Laroia, Junyi Li, Vincent Park, Tom Richardson and George Tsirtsis,” Toward proximity- aware

interworking ,” IEEE Wireless Communications, December 2012.

[2] G. Fodor, E. Dahlman, G. Mildh, S. Parkvall, N. Reider, G. Miklós, and Z. Turányi, Ericsson Research

“Design aspects of network assisted device-to-device communications,” IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2012.

. [3] Lei Lei, Zhangdui Zhong, Chuang Lin and Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, ”Operator controlled Device-to-Device

communication in LTE-Advanced networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2012.

. [4] Xinzhou Wu, “FlashLinQ: A clean slate design for ad hoc networks,”ppt slides.

. [5] Francois Baccelli, Nilesh Khude, Rajiv Laroia, Junyi Li, Tom Richardson, Sanjay Shakkottai,

Saurabh Tavildar, Xinzhou Wu, “On the design of Device-to-Device autonomous discovery,” COMSNETS, 2012.

. [7] 3GPP TR 22.803 Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe) v12.00 2012-12.

. [8] 김현숙, D2D 서비스지원을위한 3GPP 네트워크구조및표준기술동향, LG전자.

. [9] 성선익, 홍종우, 김경수, 박승일, 박천우, 최성현, 이광복, “셀룰러네트워크기반의 D2D 통신기술현황,”정보와 통신,

2012년 7월.

[10] 홍종우, 성선익, 박승일, 박천우, 김준영, 최성현, 이광복, "D2D 통신기술및표준화동향,”전자공학회지, 2013년 4월.

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