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FIELD WELDING AND CUTTING DUCTILE IRON PIPE ®

CUTTING DUCTILE IRON PIPE

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Page 1: CUTTING DUCTILE IRON PIPE

FIELD WELDING ANDCUTTING DUCTILEIRON PIPE

®

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Notice

DUCTILE IRON PIPE MANU-FACTURERS have been suc-cessfully welding Ductile Ironpipe for many years and should

be consulted on their recommendationsfor field welding and torch cutting theirproduct. The Ductile Iron Pipe ResearchAssociation (DIPRA) does not supportindiscriminate field welding of DuctileIron pipe. However, unforeseen circum-stances might require field welding ofretainer rings, thrust collars, etc., ontothe barrels of Ductile Iron pipe.

This manual is intended as a guide forfield welding and cutting cement-mortar-lined and unlined Ductile Iron pipe. Forwelding or cutting special lined pipe,consult the pipe manufacturer.

The procedures described are intend-ed to be used only by qualified weldershaving adequate skill and experience inthe practice of the appropriate weldingand cutting methods for cast ferrousmaterials. Only such qualified weldersshould be allowed to field weld and fieldcut restrained joints for Ductile Iron pipe.Pipe manufacturers’ recommended pro-cedures shall be followed while exercis-ing reasonable care. Care should also beexercised in the application of the princi-ples contained herein. DIPRA assumesno responsibility and disclaims liabilityfor the design or performance of pipejoints or pipe systems fabricated with thisapproach. Also, DIPRA assumes noresponsibility and disclaims liability forinjury or damage to persons or propertyarising from the use of these procedures.

IntroductionWelding is a very important fabricationmethod in modern industry. If an alloycan be welded successfully, its usefulnessis clearly enhanced. Ductile Iron can bewelded successfully to produce welds

that have mechanical properties compa-rable to those of the base iron.

As with any base material, the suc-cess of welding Ductile Iron dependson suitable equipment, correct proce-dures, qualified welders, and effectivequality control procedures.

Ductile Iron PipeThe first Ductile Iron pipe was cast exper-imentally in 1948. Years of metallurgical,casting, and quality control refinementfollowed, and in 1955 Ductile Iron pipewas introduced into the marketplace.

Its phenomenal strength and impactresistance compared to Gray Iron, alongwith many other advantages, created arapid increase in demand for this prod-uct as engineers and utility officials real-ized that it could be transported,handled, and installed with virtually nodamage to the pipe. In service, DuctileIron pipe showed that expense of repairwas practically eliminated.

Ductile Iron is usually defined as aCast Iron with primary graphite in thenodular or spheroidal form. This changein the graphite form is accomplished byadding an alloy, usually magnesium, tomolten iron of appropriate composition.

Properly treated iron will solidify withthe graphite in the form of nodules orspheroids. The distribution and shapeof the graphite nodules are set when themetal solidifies in the mold and willremain essentially unchanged duringsubsequent processing. Because of themold cooling and rapid iron solidifica-tion, the pipe must be annealed (heattreated) to produce the necessary pro-portion of ferrite that imparts strength,ductility, and impact properties requiredby specifications for water service.

The annealing treatment relieves cast-ing stresses and produces the microstruc-tural transformation that increases thetoughness and improves ductility of the

FIELD WELDING ANDCUTTING DUCTILE IRON PIPE

By Richard W. Bonds, P.E.Research and Technical Director

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As these photomicrographs show, DuctileIron differs from Gray Iron in that itsgraphite is spheroidal, or nodular, instead ofthe flake form found in Gray Iron. Ductile’sgreater strength, ductility, and toughnessare due to this change in microstructure.

Ductile Iron

Gray Iron

Copyright © 1998, 1992 by Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association

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iron while maintaining the requiredstrength. The effectiveness of the magne-sium treatment of the iron as well as theannealing treatment of the pipe is provenby means of physical tests. The types oftests, test frequencies, and acceptancelimits that are required are specified inANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51 Standard,“Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, forWater.” The acceptance test require-ments of the ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51Ductile Iron Pipe Standard are:

1.Tensile properties of specimens machined from the pipe wall: ulti-mate strength, 60,000 psi minimum; yield strength, 42,000 psi minimum; elongation, 10 percent minimum.

2.Charpy V-Notch impact strengths on specimens cut from the pipe wall: 7 ft-lb minimum at 70°F;3 ft-lb minimum at -40°F.

Ferritic Ductile Iron, as compared toGray Iron, will have about twice thestrength as determined by a tensile test,beam test, ring bending test, and burst-ing test. The tensile elongation andimpact strength of Ductile Iron aremany times that of Gray Iron.

General Welding of IronPipesWeldability of Ductile IronDue to their high carbon content, all cast

irons have a common factor affectingtheir weldability. During the welding ofcast irons, the iron immediately adjacentto the weld metal is heated to its fusion ormelting point. After welding, the entireheat-affected zone cools very rapidly.During this heating and cooling, some ofthe graphitic carbon dissolves and diffus-es into the iron, and, as a result, carbidestend to form at the edge of the fusionzone, and high-carbon martensite andbainite tend to form in the remainder ofthe heat-affected zone. The formation ofthese hard, brittle microconstituentsincreases the susceptibility to cracking.The lower surface-to-volume ratio of thenodular graphite in Ductile Iron as com-pared to that for the flake graphite inGray Iron results in less carbon dissolu-tion and the formation of fewer carbidesand less high-carbon martensite.

Also, because of its localized nature,welding produces thermal stresses inthe weld area. Ductile Iron pipe, havinga predominantly ferritic matrix, is capa-ble of local plastic deformation to accom-modate these welding stresses and istherefore better suited to absorb weld-ing stresses than is Gray Iron. Success-ful welds can be made by minimizingthe stress from contraction of the weldmetal as it cools, the pick-up of carbonby the weld metal, and by controllingthe rate of cooling.

Preparation for WeldingThe success of any welding operation isaffected by how effectively the prepara-tion and cleaning operations are carriedout prior to welding. The welding areaon the pipe and connecting piece mustbe untarnished, dry, and grease-free. Ithas been found that the asphaltic coatingon the pipe can most easily be removedwith a torch. An alternate method is towash and wipe the area with a well-soaked rag containing mineral spirits orother solvents. (Safety precautions mustbe observed when using flammablematerials.) After the asphaltic coatingand any grease, etc., have been removedfrom the weld area, the area should beground to bright metal to remove allannealing oxide. Also, the correspond-ing surface of the Ductile Iron or alloysteel connecting piece to be weldedshould be cleaned and ground to brightmetal. A shot-blasted surface alone isnot adequate for welding.

Weld Joint DesignMost weld joint designs commonly usedfor welding carbon steels are generallysuitable for welding Ductile Iron (buttwelding is not recommended).

PreheatingPreheating involves raising the tempera-ture of the base metal in the region to bewelded to a predetermined temperatureprior to carrying out the welding

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The annealing treatment for Ductile Iron pipe relieves casting stresses and produces the microstructural transformation that increasesthe pipe’s toughness and improves the ductility of the iron while maintaining the required strength.

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process. Preheating may be applied tohelp prevent cold-cracking, reduce hard-ness in the heat-affected zone, reduceresidual stresses, and reduce distortion.

Normally, preheating of Ductile Ironpipe is not necessary and is impractical todo in the field. However, in extreme coldweather one may find it advantageous towarm the pipe weld area with a torch.

Shielded Metal-Arc WeldingShielded metal-arc welding is the mostcommon welding process used on Duc-tile Iron pipe in the field. The equip-ment necessary for shielded metal-arcwelding is as follows:

1.D.C. arc welder using reversed polarity.

2.Suitable welding electrodes.3.Welding cable, work-piece cable,

electrode holder, gloves, shield and protective clothing.

Electrodes for metal-arc welding arenormally covered with a flux coating.The coating can fulfill the followingfunctions:

1.Stabilize the arc by ionization.2.Provide protection for the molten

metal from the atmosphere by evolution of gases such as carbon dioxide and by hydrogen and also by the formation of a protective slag or flux.

3.Influence the properties of the weld metal by de-oxidation and alloying.

4.Control the arc characteristics.

Recommended ElectrodesSome electrodes recommended forwelding Ductile Iron are the 44- and 55-percent nickel-iron electrodes. Consultpipe manufacturer for recommenda-tions. These electrodes provide weldmetal strength and toughness propertiesthat are comparable to those of the baseiron. The 44- and 55-percent nickel-ironelectrodes should be in conformancewith class designation AWS A5.15

(ERNi-CI) and (ENiFe-CI) respectively.These electrodes are capable of produc-ing suitable welds without preheating orpostheating the pipe or connectingpiece. Nickel-iron electrodes are avail-able from most of the leading electrodemanufacturers and, although composi-tion with reference to nickel and ironcontent remains broadly the same, dif-ferences in slag-stripping qualities andoperation may be found in electrodesobtained from different sources. Twonickel-iron electrodes are Inco AlloysInternational’s Ni-Rod 44 and Ni-Rod 55.Mild-steel, arc-welding electrodes arenot recommended for use with DuctileIron because of the high risk of crackingat the interface of weld and base metal.

Deposited metal from the ENiFe-CIelectrode has a carbon content wellabove the solubility limit. The excesscarbon is rejected as graphite duringsolidification of the weld metal. Thisreaction causes an increase in volumethat tends to minimize weld shrinkageduring solidification. This, in turn,reduces residual stresses in the weldmetal and the iron’s heat-affected zone.

Care of ElectrodesElectrodes must be completely free frommoisture when used. Porosity in theweld can and often does originatebecause of moisture pick-up by the elec-trode coating. It is invariably due to thefact that the electrodes have been storedin unsatisfactory conditions. Ideally, elec-trodes should be stored in an oven main-tained at a temperature of at least 250°F.If they have not been stored under theseconditions they should be baked for atleast 1 hour at 480°F in a well-ventilatedelectric oven prior to use. The practice ofdrying electrodes by shorting them out isnot recommended. Excessive heating bythis method, apart from having adverseeffects on the power source, can damagethe coatings and thus reduce their shield-ing efficiency when used.

Welding ProceduresWelding current for a particular electrodesize should be within the range recom-mended by the manufacturer but as lowas possible, consistent with smooth oper-ation, desired head contour, and goodfusion. When used in other than the flathorizontal position, an electrode recom-mended for out of position welding, suchas Inco Alloys International’s Ni-Rod 55X,should be used. The welding currentshould be reduced 10 to 20 amps for verti-cal welding and 5 to 15 amps for overheadwelding with Inco Alloys International’sNi-Rod 55X. The arc length should bekept as short as possible consistent withobtaining smooth operation and sufficientpenetration and wash at the side of thejoint. A slight weave of the electrode isrecommended, although this should notexceed three times the diameter (i.e.,corewire diameter) of the electrode.When mild-steel components are beingjoined to Ductile Iron pipe, the center lineof the arc should be concentrated as faras possible onto the mild-steel compo-nent, which is thereby made to absorb asmuch heat as possible from the arc. Therelatively low arc intensity associated withthe nickel-iron electrodes, coupled withthe sluggish metal-transfer characteristic,is conducive to minimum heat input, giv-ing minimum fusion and minimum car-bide formation in the base iron.

By depositing narrow beads in shortlengths one can reduce the cumulativeeffect of the stresses from shrinkage ofweld metal. Each length of bead shouldbe allowed to cool until it can be touchedby hand before another deposit is madewithin the area heated by the first bead.While one bead is cooling, others aredeposited at other locations throughoutthe joint. All beads should be depositedin the same direction.

Another method to reduce shrinkagestresses is to peen a deposited bead ofweld metal while it is still hot. Peening

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should be done with repeated moderateblows using a round-nose tool and suffi-cient force to deform the weld metal butwithout rupturing it. Effective peeningstretches the weld metal to help compen-sate for the shrinkage that occurs duringcooling. The peened metal is thenallowed to cool before another bead isdeposited near it.

By using a low welding current, asmall-diameter electrode, and depositingmultiple narrow beads, only the lowerlayer of weld metal has a very high car-bon content. Subsequent layers of weldmetal tend to temper and reduce hard-ness of the first layer.

Complete flux removal is essentialafter each weld pass before depositingfurther weld metal since entrapped slagcan impair the strength properties of theweld. Flux removal, in the case of nick-el-iron electrodes, can usually be easilyaccomplished with a pointed welder’shammer or by wire-brushing.

Metal Inert Gas (MIG) WeldingMetal inert gas and pulsed-metal inert gasarc welding using argon or argon-heliumshielding-gas with short-circuiting trans-fer is suitable for joining Ductile Iron toitself and to mild steel. Because of the rel-atively low heat input with this process,the hard portion of the heat-affected zoneis usually confined to a thin layer next tothe weld metal. As a result, the strengthand ductility of the welded joint are aboutthe same as those of the base metal.

Recommended Filler MaterialIt has been established that the mostsatisfactory filler metal for MIG short-arc welding of Ductile Iron is nickel(ENi-1).

Flux-Cored Wire Arc WeldingThis process is similar to MIG weldinginsofar as a consumable wire electrode isused. However, whereas MIG weldinguses an inert-gas shield to protect theweld pool, the flex-cored wire process

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Figure 1 Shielded Metal-Arc Welding Process

Figure 2 Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding Process

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derives its protection from the slagformed from the flux materials containedin the core of the tubular wire. A Ni-RodFC55 cored wire electrode is availablethat produces weld metal with a compo-sition and micro-structure similar to thatdeposited by ENiFe-CI covered elec-trodes. The principle of graphite precipi-tation and the associated volumeincrease is the same for both electrodes.

The flux-cored electrode is a self-shielding design but it may be used withcarbon dioxide (CO2) shielding or as asubmerged arc welding electrode. Theelectrode producer should be consultedfor recommendations on usage and pro-cedures for specific applications.

Oxyacetylene WeldingOxyacetylene welding proceduresrequire large amounts of heat input dur-ing both the pre-heating and the weldingoperations. The extensive heating is alimiting factor in the application of thisprocess. The process is not consideredsuitable for fabrication work as the highheat input can cause excessive distor-tion; and in the as-deposited condition,the weld area is likely to contain a highproportion of iron carbide.

Field Welding ProcedureFor Field-Cut RestrainedJoint Ductile Iron PipeMany restrained joint designs rely on awelded-on retainer ring around the spigotof the pipe to provide part of the means ofrestraint. This retainer ring is furnishedfactory-welded in position on the pipe.The welding is performed by weldersqualified to produce high-quality, depend-able welds. By planning ahead, neces-sary field cuts of Ductile Iron pipe cannormally be positioned in unrestrained

sections of the pipeline. However, if fieldcuts are required in restrained joint pipesections utilizing the welded-on retainerring, a loose factory-supplied ring can befield-welded onto the barrel of the field-cut Ductile Iron pipe.

Welds should be applied using a D.C.arc welder employing reversed polarityand operating at amperage ranges recom-mended by the electrode manufacturer.General ranges of amperages for

various diameter electrodes are shown inTable 1 below.

The weld electrodes used should be inconformance with Class designation AWS5.15 (ENiFe-CI). Three such electrodesare Inco Alloys International’s Ni-Rod 44,Ni-Rod 55 and 55X (consult pipe manu-facturer for recommendations). Theelectrode and electrode diameter recom-mended by pipe manufacturers for theirretainer ring should be used.

Table 1 General Amperage Ranges for Various Electrodes

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Figure 3 Flux-Cored Wire Arc Welding Process

Electrode Diameter3/32-in.1/8-in.5/32-in.3/16-in.

Recommended Current (amp)40-6575-95

100-135120-155

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Procedure1. Measure the candidate pipe diame-

ter (or circumference) at the loca-tion of the cut to be made to ensure that the pipe diameter and circumference are within the toler-ance shown in Table 2. (Note: There are minimum laying lengths for restrained joint pipe. Consult manufacturer.)

2. Mark the pipe at sufficient intervals around the circumference by mea-suring from a reference (usually the spigot end) such that a square cut can be made.

3. Cut the pipe at the desired location. It is important that field cuts for restrained joint welding be smooth, regular, and as square as possible with the axis of the pipe because the cut end will be used as a refer-ence to position the retainer ring. The outside of the cut end should be beveled smooth per the manu-facturer’s recommendations using a grinder or file to prevent damage to the gasket during assembly.

4. Mark the location of the weld-on retainer ring from the cut end of the pipe per the manufacturer’s specifications.

5. Remove the asphaltic coating on the pipe in the area the retainer ring is to be welded with a solvent wash or by burning with a torch. After the asphaltic coating has been removed, grind the retainer ring location to bright metal. Also, the corresponding edge of the ring to be welded should be cleaned and ground to bright metal. Place loose locking rings or glands (if required for the particular joint

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Step 1. Measure the pipe diameter (or circumference) at the location of the cut toensure that it is within the tolerance shown in Table 2 on page 11 of this brochure.

Step 2. Mark the pipe at sufficient intervals around the circumference by measuringfrom a reference — usually the spigot end of the pipe.

Step 3. Cut the pipe at the desired location. Following the cut, the outside of the cutend should be beveled smooth per the manufacturer’s recommendations.

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configuration) on the pipe barrel beyond the retainer ring location.

6. Re-mark the location of the weld-on retainer ring on the pipe as was done in Step 4.

7. Some restrained joint designs require the weld-on retainer ring to be cut to length in the field.If such is employed, fit the ring around the pipe and mark andcut the ring to the lengthrecommended by the manufac-turer. Normally the ring will be cut “short” to accommodate lengthening during the welding operation.

8. Clamp the weld-on retainer ring securely on the pipe in the correct location.* This may be accom-plished using the manufacturer’s special welding jigs, fixtures, and/or C-clamps. If the clamping device bears on the insideof the pipe, care should be taken to minimize damage to the pipe lining. If welding fixtures and/or C-clamps are used, the weld deposit should be applied incircumferential intervals corre-sponding to the movement of the clamps as recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

9. With the retainer ring fitted closelyto the pipe surface, weld on the side of the ring next to the cut end of the pipe.* Weld according to the pipe manufacturer’s recom-mendations (electrode diameter, weld size, weld passes required,

Step 4. Mark the location of the weld-on retainer ring from the cut end of the pipe perthe manufacturer’s specifications.

Step 5. Remove the pipe’s asphaltic coating on the area where the retainer ring will bewelded with a solvent wash or by burning with a torch; then grind the retainer locationto bright metal.

Step 8. Clamp the weld-on retainer ring securely on the pipe in the correct location.* Ifthe clamping device bears on the inside of the pipe, take care to minimize damage tothe pipe lining.

*The configuration of rings varies slightlyfrom manufacturer to manufacturer. Contact your DIPRA member company regarding the ring configuration it recommends.

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welding technique, etc). To mini-mize heat build-up that may possi-bly cause thermal stresses and/or damage to linings, skip welding techniques can be used. Thoroughpeening of the weld passes before they cool will minimize thermal stresses. The ends of adjoining passes should be slightly over--lapped before the arc is broken. If weld cracks occur, they should be ground away and repaired with a weld overlay. After the entire ring has been welded to the pipe, weld the ring ends to the pipe and weld in the space remaining between the ring ends according to the pipe manufacturer’s instructions.

10. Thoroughly clean the weld and ring* to remove all weld flux and splatter. The pipe spigot should be clean of weld splatter for propergasket sealing and joint assembly.

11. Coat the ring* weld and ground pipe surface with a smooth uni-form coat of brushable mastic.

12. Inspect the pipe lining for possible damage. Cement-mortar linings are normally not adversely affect-ed by such welding procedures; however, if cement lining damage occurs, it should be patched in accordance with recommended procedures as noted in ANSI/AWWA C104/A21.4 Stan-dard, “Cement-Mortar Linings for Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings for Water.” Contact the pipe manu-facturer for repair of special linings.

Step 9. With the retainer ring fitted closely to the pipe surface, weld on the side of thering next to the cut end of the pipe according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.*(Skip welding techniques can be used.) After the entire ring has been welded to thepipe, weld the ring ends to the pipe and weld in the space remaining between the ringends.

Step 10. Thoroughly clean the weld and ring* to remove all weld flux and splatter so thepipe spigot is clean for proper gasket sealing and joint assembly.

Step 11. Coat the ring*, weld, and ground pipe surface with a smooth uniform coat ofbrushable mastic.

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*The configuration of rings varies slightlyfrom manufacturer to manufacturer. Contact your DIPRA member company regarding the ring configuration it recommends.

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Cutting Ductile Iron PipeDuctile Iron pipe may be cut using anabrasive pipe saw, a rotary wheel cut-ter, a guillotine pipe saw, or a millingwheel saw. Cement-mortar-lined orunlined Ductile Iron pipe can also becut with an oxyacetylene torch if rec-ommended by the pipe manufacturerfor its product.

The ANSI/AWWA standard for Duc-tile Iron pipe requires factory gaugingof the spigot end. Accordingly, pipesselected for cutting should be field-gauged in the location of the cut and bewithin tolerance as shown in Table 2.

Torch cutting of Ductile Iron pipenormally results in a heat-affected zoneextending less than 1/4-inch from thecut face but might result in smallcracks in this area which should beremoved by grinding. Some difficultymight result in threading or machiningin this particular portion of the pipedue to hardening of the metal. Suchhardening does not interfere with push-on or mechanical joint assembly orperformance.

Pipe manufacturers who recom-mend torch cutting of their pipe reportbest results are obtained by using a No.8 or No. 10 tip with approximately 75psi oxygen and 10 to 15 psi acetylene.For cement-lined Ductile Iron pipe, thebest results are normally obtainedwhen the torch head is inclined approx-imately 60 degrees to the direction ofcutting. Cutting time for pipe cut byoxyacetylene methods is approximatelyone minute per inch of diameter forcement-lined pipe and even less forunlined pipe.

Cut ends and rough edges shouldbe ground smooth and for push-on con-nections, the cut end should bebeveled to the approximate profile ofthe factory supplied end.

In addition to being cut with an abrasive pipe saw, a rotary wheel cutter, a guillotine pipesaw, or a milling saw, Ductile Iron pipe can also be cut with an oxyacetylene torch if rec-ommended by the pipe manufacturer. Cut ends and rough edges should be groundsmooth. For push-on connections, the cut end should be beveled to the approximate pro-file of the factory supplied end.

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References1. American Cast Iron Pipe Company,

“Instructions for Field Welding of American Restrained Ductile Iron Pipe Joints.”

2. ANSI/AWS D11.2 Standard, “Guide for Welding Iron Castings,” 1989.

3. ANSI/AWS A5.15 Standard, “Spec-ification for Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron.”

4. ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51 Stan-dard, “Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifu-gally Cast, for Water.”

5. British Cast Iron Research Associa-tion, “The Joining and Fabrication of Nodular Iron Castings by Weld-ing,” 1982.

6. INCO Alloys International, Ni-Rod 44and Ni-Rod 55 Welding Electrodes.

7. INCO Alloys International, Ni-Rod 99X and Ni-Rod 55X Welding Elec-trodes.

8. Jefferson, T.B., “Metals and How to Weld Them,” Second Edition, Welding Engineer Publication, Inc.

9. The Lincoln Electric Company, “The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding,” Twelfth Edition.

10.U.S. Pipe and Foundry Company, “Field Cutting and Welding Proce-dure for TR FLEX Pipe,” 1997 Edi-tion.

Table 2Suitable Pipe Diameters for Field Cuts and Restrained Joint FieldFabrication

NominalPipe Min. Pipe Max. Pipe Min. Pipe Max. PipeSize Diameter Diameter Circumference CircumferenceIn. In. In. In. In.

4 4.74 4.86 14 29/32 15 9/326 6.84 6.96 21 1/2 21 7/88 8.99 9.11 28 1/4 28 5/8

10 11.04 11.16 34 11/16 35 1/1612 13.14 13.26 41 9/32 41 21/3214 15.22 15.35 47 13/16 48 7/3216 17.32 17.45 54 13/32 54 13/1618 19.42 19.55 61 61 13/3220 21.52 21.65 67 19/32 6824 25.72 25.85 80 13/16 81 7/3230 31.94 32.08 100 11/32 100 25/3236 38.24 38.38 120 1/8 120 9/1642 44.44 44.58 139 5/8 140 1/1648 50.74 50.88 159 13/32 159 27/3254 57.46 57.60 180 17/32 180 31/3260 61.51 61.65 193 1/4 193 11/1664 65.57 65.71 206 206 7/16

Above table based on ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51guidelines for push-on joints

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Manufactured from recycled materials.

DIPRAMEMBER COMPANIES

American Cast Iron Pipe CompanyP.O. Box 2727Birmingham, Alabama 35202-2727

Atlantic States Cast Iron Pipe Company183 Sitgreaves StreetPhillipsburg, New Jersey 08865-3000

Canada Pipe Company, Ltd.1757 Burlington Street EastHamilton, Ontario L8N 3R5 Canada

Clow Water Systems CompanyP.O. Box 6001Coshocton, Ohio 43812-6001

McWane Cast Iron Pipe Company1201 Vanderbilt RoadBirmingham, Alabama 35234

Pacific States Cast Iron Pipe CompanyP.O. Box 1219Provo, Utah 84603-1219

United States Pipe and Foundry CompanyP.O. Box 10406Birmingham, Alabama 35202-0406

An association of quality producers dedicated to highest pipestandards through a program of continuing research.245 Riverchase Parkway East, Suite OBirmingham, Alabama 35244-1856Telephone 205 402-8700 FAX 205 402-8730http://www.dipra.org

FW/12-99/2M Revised 12-98Published 2-92