WISE OWL™

Cursive Handwriting Practice Sentences

Copyright © 2001, 2003, 2005, 2015 by Donald L. Potter

Odessa, TX The WISE OWL™ English Practice Sentences give students valuable practice reading and writing the 840 WISE OWL™ Most Often Occurring Words in the context of well-written illustrative cursive sentences. The English words are introduced following the WISE OWL™ Phonogram Sequence, which is based on the frequency that phonograms (symbol-to-sound relationships) appear in written English. The purpose of the WISE OWL Cursive Handwriting Practice Sentences is to help students develop fluent cursive handwriting through practice copying or writing from dictation well-written, meaningful sentences. The sentences are a perfect followup to my Shortcut to Cursive or any good cursive handwriting program. Comprehension is naturally included in the sentences and can be enhanced by asking questions about the content. The WISE OWL Cursive Sentences provide the kind of daily focused reading and writing needed for developing fluent use of the language for written commiunications.

WISE OWL™ English Cursive Practice Sentences

Table of Contents Group 1 Sentences 1 – 20 Page 1 Group 2 Sentences 21 – 91 Pages 2 - 4 Group 3 Sentences 92 – 182 Page 5 - 8 Group 4 Sentences 183 – 242 Page 9 - 11 Group 5 Sentences 243 – 319 Page 12 - 15 Group 6 Sentences 320 – 352 Page 16 - 17 Group 7 Sentences 353 – 375 Page 18 - 19 Group 8 Sentences 376 – 413 Page 20 - 22

1

Group 1 Phonograms: a4 t s2 l e2 m i3 n 1. öøãæ ƒàˆíæ ăìæ Äæ ÀåæÄøãøãæ. 2. I ˆíæăìæ. 3. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒàˆíæ Ĉíæ ƒìæÄøãøãæ Ĉíæ öøãæ. 4. I ÄÀåæ ƒàÀçæ Äæ øãƒàÀç¬Ñæ. 5. öøãæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÀåæÄÀçæ. 6. öøãæ ƒàˆíæ øãæĈíƒìæ. 7. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ăì¬Ñæ ˆíæÄøãƒìæ. 8. I ˆí¬Ñ¬Ñæ ÀåæÄÀåæÄæ. 9. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ˆí¬Ñ¬ÑÀåˆíæ ƒìæÄøãøãæ. 10. I ÄÀåæ ˆíÀåæÄøãøãæ. 11. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒàˆíæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ. 12. ØÍÑøãøãæ ÀåæÄÀåæÄæ, “I ÄÀåæ ƒàøãøãæ.” 13. A øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ÀåæÄÀçæ ăì¬Ñæ Äæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ˆíæÄøãƒìæ. 14. I ˆí¬Ñ¬Ñæ Àå¬ÑÀçæ ƒàÀçæ Äæ øãƒàÀç¬Ñæ. 15. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÀçæÄÀå¬Ñæ. 16. öøãæ ˆíæăìæ. 17. §¬Ñƒìæ Àå¬Ñæ ˆí¬Ñ¬Ñæ Äæ øãƒàÀç¬Ñæ. 18. ÆÎàƒìæ ˆíƒìƒàøãøãæ. 19. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒàˆíæ ƒàÀçæ øãƒàÀç¬Ñæ. 20. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ.

2

Group 2 Phonograms: o4 d b r er w h th2 21. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒñŒÑÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÁå¬Ñæ. 22. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 23. ™æăìæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçæéÙìæ øá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ. 24. ™æăì¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ˆíæé„ ƒìæÄøãøãæ! 25. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒñŒÑÀçƒìæ ƒàÀçƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæÄøãøãæ. 26. ßæéÛíƒìæ Àå¬ÑÀçæ øãƒàˆíƒì¬ÑÀçæ. 27. I, Äøãˆíæé„, ƒñÃÄÀçƒìæ Äæ ÀåæéÁåæ. 28. I Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ ˆíæÄøãƒìæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ. 29. ßæéÁåæ øáæĈíæ øáæÄÀåæ. 30. DÄæÉæ ÄÀçæÉæ I Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ ÀåæéÁåæ! 31. I Éæé„ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ Äæ øÅÃăìøáæ! 32. ˜ÀçæɃàæÄÀçæÄæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ˆíƒìæăì¬Ñæ. 33. DÄæÉæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øŌшíƒìæ ÉæÄæÉæ. 34. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ ƒàˆíæ øáæÄÀçæɈíæéÁå¬Ñæ! 35. ߃ëˆíæ. üËÄÀåæ ˆí¬Ñ¬Ñˆíæ ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ. 36. A ƒë¬ÑæÉæ ɬѬуëæ ƒëæÄÀçæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñƒìæ. 37. üÍÑæ øáæĈíæ Äæ øŌуìƒì¬Ñƒëæ øÅÃÄøãøãæ ƒàÀçæ øáƒàˆíæ øáæÄÀçæÉæ. 38. üÎàˆíæ ÀåæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ ƒñÃĈíæ ÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ƒëƒàæɬÑæ ÄøãæéÁç¬Ñæ. 39. üÍуëæ ˆíƒàˆíƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒàˆíæ øáæéÁç¬Ñˆíƒìæ. 40. ØÈáæăìæ ƒàˆíæ øáƒàˆíæ øÅœëæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ. üÍÑæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçæéÙìæ ƒñŒÑøãøãæ. 41. I Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ Äæ øÅÃăìøáæ. 42. DÄæÉæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìøáƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ ˆíƒàˆíƒì¬Ñƒëˆíæ. 43. Oøáæ, ƒìøá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øŌѬÑæ øÅŒÑøáƒàÀçæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅŒÑæÉæ! 44. W¬Ñæ ÉæéÁçæ’ƒìæ Àåƒàˆíˆíæ ƒìøá¬ÑÀåæ. 45. I ƒñÃÄÀçƒì¬ÑæÉæ ˆíæéÁå¬Ñæ ƒñÃăì¬Ñƒëæ. 46. üÍÑæ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ ƒì¬ÑƒëƒëƒàøÅÕã¬Ñæ ƒàæɬÑæÄæ. 47. üÍуë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ øáƒàˆíæ é‰ãæÉæ øáæéÁå¬Ñæ. 48. I ƒìæé‰ãæÉæ øáƒàÀåæ øá¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ é‰ãæÉæ. 49. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒñÃéÁåæÄÀçæ øá¬ÑøãæÉæ Äæ õÎàøÅÕã¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ øá¬Ñƒëæ øÅÃăë¬Ñæ øáæÄÀçæÉæ.

3

50. I ƒñœàøãøãæ øÅŒÑæ øáæéÁå¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ éÁç¬Ñæ ÀåæéÁçƒìøáæ. 51. I ÀåæÄæɬÑæ ÄÀçæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ øÅŒÑæÉæ. 52. ØÈá¬ÑÀçæ ÀåæéÁåæ ƒñŒÑÀçƒìæ ƒñŒÑˆíƒìæ. 53. ØÈá¬Ñæ ¬ÑÀçæÉæ.” 54. Tøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ øŌуìƒñŒÑ¬ÑÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìƒñÃé„ ƒñÃéÁå¬ÑÀçæ. 55. ØÈá¬Ñˆí¬Ñæ øŌѬшíæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ ƒì¬ÑƒëƒëƒàøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 56. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒìƒñÃé„ ƒñÃéÁå¬ÑÀçæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒàˆíøãæÄÀçæÉæ. 57. üÍуë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ߃ëæ. ™ƒàÀç¬Ñæ’ˆíæ ÄæÉæɃë¬Ñˆíˆíæ. 58. I’Àåæ ˆíæé„ ÄøãæéÁç¬Ñæ! [I’Àåæ = I ÄÀåæ] 59. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ øã¬Ñˆíˆíæ ƒìøáæÄÀçæ ƒìøáƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ øãƒàÀåøÅÒíæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ. 60. ÆËéÁå¬Ñæ ƒñÃéÁå¬ÑÀçæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ øÅŒÑæ Àåæé„ɬуëÀçæ. 61. W¬Ñæ ƒì¬Ñøãøãæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåƒàÀçæÉæ. 62. ˜ƒìæ ɃàæÉÀçæ’ƒìæ Àåæăìƒì¬Ñƒëæ. [ɃàæÉÀçæ’ƒìæ = ɃàæÉæ ÀçæéÙìæ] 63. üÍÑæ ˆí¬Ñ¬ÑÀå¬ÑæÉæ é‰ãæÉæ ƒìæé„ Àå¬Ñæ. 64. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒñÃéÁå¬ÑÀçæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ øÅŒÑæ ƒñŒÑøãøãæ. 65. üÎàˆíæ ˆíƒàˆíƒì¬Ñƒëæ øáæĈíæ øŌѬÑÀçæ øáæéÁç¬Ñˆíƒìæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ Àå¬Ñæ. 66. A ÀåƒàøãøãƒàæéÁçæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ ƒìæé„ ƒìæéÙìæÄøãæ. 67. ØÈáæăìæ’ˆíæ øáƒàˆíæ øÅœëæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ. [ƒìøáæăìæ’ˆíæ = ƒìøáæăìæ ƒàˆíæ] 68. ˜ƒìæ’ˆíæ Äæ øÅÃÄæÉæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ. [ƒàƒìæ’ˆíæ = ƒàƒìæ ƒàˆíæ] 69. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ ˆíƒàƒìæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. [ÉæéÁçæ’ƒìæ = Éæé„ ÀçæéÙìæ] 70. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ÄÀçˆíƒñŒÑƒë¬ÑæÉæ, “˜Àçæ éÁç¬Ñæ ÀåæéÁå¬ÑÀçƒìæ I ƒñœàøãøãæ øÅŒÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ.” 71. üÍÑæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÄÀçˆíƒñŒÑƒëæ øáƒàˆíæ ÀåæéÁåæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒì¬ÑæÉæ. 72. ˜ƒìæ’ˆíæ Äæ øŌѬÑæ. 73. üÍÑæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ ƒì¬ÑƒëÀåƒàÀçæăì¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Àå¬ÑÀåøŌуëˆíæ. 74. I’Àåæ ÀçæéÙìæ ƒñŒÑøãøãæ. 75. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ ˆíƒàƒìæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñƒìæ! 76. ØÍÑøãøãæ øáƒàÀåæ ÄÀçæ øáæéÁç¬Ñˆíƒìæ ÄÀçˆíƒñŒÑƒëæ. 77. Dé„ ƒñŒÑæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ ˆíæéÁå¬Ñæ ƒñÃăì¬Ñƒëæ? 78. DéÂшíæ øá¬Ñæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒì¬Ñøãøãæ Äæ ƒìæÄøã¬Ñæ? 79. ˜ˆíæ øá¬Ñæ ÉæéÁç¬Ñæ?

4

80. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒàˆíæ øãæăì¬Ñæ. 81. üÍÑæ ăì¬Ñæ øãæăì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìøáæÄÀçæ øáƒàˆíæ ÀåæÄÀåæÄæ ăì¬Ñæ. 82. ØÈáæéÛí¬Ñæ éÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ ɬѬуëæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ ăìæ øáƒàˆíæ øÅÕãƒàÀçæÉæ ˆíƒàæɬÑæ. 83. ØÍÑøãøãæ Àå¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ. 84. ØÈá¬Ñæ éÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ øÅÃÄøãøãæ ƒàˆíæ ÀåƒàÀç¬Ñæ. 85. I Àåƒàˆíˆíæ ÀåæÄÀåæÄæ. 86. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøãøãæ ƒàˆíæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 87. DÄæÉæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíæÄÀå¬Ñæ ƒàæɬÑæÄæ. 88. öøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñÃéÁå¬ÑÀçæ ăì¬Ñæ ɬѬуëæ. 89. I øáæÄæÉæ ƒìøáæéÛí¬Ñæ ƒìøáƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøãøãˆíæ. 90. ߃ëæ. ™ƒàÀç¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ øáæéÁç¬Ñˆíƒìæ. 91. ØÈá¬Ñæ øŌѬÑæ øÅœàƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ é‰ãæÉæ ÀåæÄÀçæ.

5

Group 3 Phonograms: u4 f y4 or c2 g2 92. üÍÑæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæɈíæ ÀåæéÙë¬Ñæ øãæÄÀçæÉæ ƒìøáæÄÀçæ øáƒàˆíæ øÅœëæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ. 93. I ƒñÃÄÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒëƒîÀçæ, øÅœîƒìæ §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìˆíæ ƒìæé„ ƒë¬Ñˆíƒìæ. 94. I Àåƒîˆíƒìæ ƒë¬Ñˆíƒìæ ƒîÀçæɬуëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ ˆíƒàÀçæǬÑæ ƒàƒìæ ƒàˆíæ øáæéÙìæ. 95. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ øÖƒîÀçæ ƒìæé„ ƒëƒàæɬÑæ ƒàÀçæ Äæ øÅœîˆíæ. 96. ØÈáƒàˆíæ ƒàˆíæ øÖƒîÀçæ. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øÅÃĈíƒàˆíæ øÖæéÙëæ øÖƒîÀçæ. 97. ª‡Ñˆíæ, ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãæÄæɃòŸ ÇæÄÀçæ øÖøãƒòŸ. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ÄÀçæ ƒàÀçƒì¬Ñƒë¬Ñˆíƒìæ é‰Öæ øá¬Ñƒëæ’ˆíæ. 98. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒëƒîÀçæ øÖæĈíƒìæ. 99. I ÇæÄÀçæ ˆíƒîøÅœìƒëæÄæǃìæ ÄÀçæÉæ Éæé„ ˆíƒîÀåˆíæ. 100. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÀåæÄøãøãæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ǬÑÀçƒì¬Ñƒëæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ǃàƒìƒòŸ. 101. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøÅœòŸ ÇæÄÀçæ’ƒìæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ Àåæăìøáæ. üÍÑæ ƒàˆíæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ. 102. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒîÀçƒîˆíƒîæÄøãæ ÉæÄÀçæǬÑæ ÀåƒîˆíƒàæÇæ ƒàˆíæ øÖƒîÀçæ. 103. öøÖƒì¬Ñƒëæ ɃàÀçÀç¬Ñƒëæ, I ƒñœàøãøãæ ˆí¬Ñ¬Ñæ ÀåƒòŸ øÖæÄÀåƒàøãƒòŸ. 104. ˜øÖæ I ǃëƒòŸ, ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøÅœòŸ ƒñœàøãøãæ ǃëƒòŸ. 105. Făìøá¬Ñƒëæ ɃàæÉÀçæ’ƒìæ øÖƒàÀçæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøãøãæ. 106. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøÅœòŸ ăì¬Ñæ øÅœòŸ øáƒàÀåˆí¬ÑøãøÖæ. 107. DÄæÉæ ǃîƒìæ Äæ øÅÃÄÀçæÄÀçæÄæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒîˆíæ. 108. ØÈá¬Ñæ ±Àçƒàƒì¬ÑæÉæ ÆÎìæăì¬Ñˆíæ é‰Öæ öÀå¬ÑƒëƒàæÇæÄæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øÅœàæÜŸ ƒë¬ÑæܸàæéÁçæ! 109. ߃òŸ Éæé„ÜŸ ƒàˆíæ øÅœàæÜŸ. 110. “±Àçƒìƒàøãæ øãæăì¬Ñƒëæ.” 111. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ ÇøãæĈíˆíæ ƒàˆíæ øÖƒîÀçæ. 112. OÀç¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçæéÙìæ Äæ øÅœàæÜŸ ÀçƒîÀåøŌуëæ. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ÀçƒîÀåøŌуëæ. 113. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÇæÄÀçæɃòŸ ÇæéÛíƒìæ ƒìƒñŒÑÀçƒìƒòŸ ǬÑÀçƒìˆíæ. 114. üÍÑæ ƒëæÄÀçæ øÖæĈíƒìæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ øáƒàˆíæ ø֬Ѭуìæ. 115. I ÜŸéÙìæ Äæ øÖƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ Éæé„ÜŸ øãæĈíƒìæ F¬ÑøÅœëƒîæăëƒòŸ. 116. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ ÇæÄÀçæ éÙëæɬуëæ øãæéÁçæ܇уëæ øáæéÙìæÉæé„ÜÚíæ øÖæéÙëæ øáƒàˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ. 117. I ø֬ѬÑøãæ ˆíæÄæÉæ ˆíƒàÀçæǬÑæ ÀåƒòŸ øÅœëæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ øáæĈíæ ÜŸéÁç¬Ñæ øáæéÁå¬Ñæ. 118. ØÈá¬Ñæ Éæé„ÜŸ øÖ¬Ñøãƒìæ ˆíæÄæÉæ Äøãøãæ øÅœòŸ øáƒàÀåˆí¬ÑøãøÖæ. 119. OÀçøãƒòŸ ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒëƒàæɬÑæ øÅœàæǃòŸÇøã¬Ñˆíæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáƒàøãøãˆíæ.

6

120. I ÇæÄÀçæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ øá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ, éÙëæ I ÇæÄÀçæ ƒëƒîÀçæ øáæéÁå¬Ñæ ÄÀçæÉæ ƒëƒàæɬÑæ ÀåƒòŸ øÅœàæǃòŸÇøã¬Ñæ. 121. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ÇæÄÀçæ ÜŸé„ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìæéÙë¬Ñæ Äøãøãæ øÅœòŸ øá¬Ñƒëˆí¬ÑøãøÖæ. 122. ØÈá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøÅœòŸ ƒñœàøãøãæ ǃëƒòŸ Äøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ. 123. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Çæé‰ãæÉæ ƒàÀçæ F¬ÑøÅœëƒîæăëƒòŸ. 124. I ÄÀåæ ÀçæéÙìæ ˆíæÄæÉæ, ƒò‡Ñƒìæ. 125. öøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ øÅŒÑæÜŸÄÀçæ ƒìæé„ ƒëƒîÀçæ øÖæĈíƒìæ. 126. W¬Ñæ ÇæÄÀçæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ ƒìæé„܇уìøá¬Ñƒëæ. 127. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ øãƒàÀç¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øŌшíƒìæ. 128. ØÈáƒàˆíæ ÀåæéÁçƒìøáæ ƒàˆíæ Oǃìæé‰ÅŒÑƒëæ. 129. D¬ÑæǬÑÀåøŌуëæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ Çæé‰ãæÉæ ÀåæéÁçƒìøáæ. 130. öøãæ éÁçæǬÑæ øã¬ÑøÖƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøãøãæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 131. ߃òŸ øÅÃé„ɃòŸ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæɈíæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ é‰Öæ ƒñÃăì¬Ñƒëæ. 132. ØÈá¬Ñæ ˆíƒîÀçæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçƒàæǬÑæ, ƒìøáƒîˆíæ ƒàƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÀçƒàæǬÑæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ƒëƒîÀçæ. 133. úæÄøãøãæ 911 ƒàÀçæ ÄÀçæ ¬ÑÀå¬Ñƒëæ܇ÑÀçæǃòŸ. 134. I ÇæÄÀçæ ܇уìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøãøãæ Äøãøãæ øÅœòŸ ÀåƒòÚí¬ÑøãøÖæ. 135. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ Ü€ãæĈíˆíæ é‰Öæ ƒñÃăì¬Ñƒëæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ǬÑÀçƒì¬Ñƒëæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 136. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ ˆíæé‰ã¬ÑÀåÀçæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ Äæǃìæ ÀçƒàæǬÑæ. 137. A Éæé„ÜŸ øÅœàƒì¬Ñæ ÇæÄÀçæ øÅŒÑæ øÅÃÄæÉæ. 138. õËéÙìøáæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ăì¬Ñæ ¬ÑæÜŸÜÚíæ. 139. W¬Ñæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ ÀçæéÙëƒìøáæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœàæÜŸ ǃàƒìƒòŸ. 140. ûÍуìæ é‰ÖøÖæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 141. ØÈá¬Ñæ Éæé„ÜŸ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒëƒîÀçæ øÅœòŸ ƒàƒìˆí¬ÑøãøÖæ. 142. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øÖæÄæǃìæ ƒìøáæăìæ öøãæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒëƒîÀçæ øÖæĈíƒìæ. 143. ˜ˆíæ ƒàƒìæ ƒìƒëƒî¬Ñæ ƒìøáæăìæ öøãæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒëƒîÀçæ øÖæĈíƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìøáæÄÀçæ ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ? 144. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ ƒñœàøÖ¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçƒàæǬÑæ Äøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ. 145. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ ƒàˆíæ ƒîˆíƒîæÄøãøãƒòŸ øÖƒîøãøãæ é‰Öæ øãƒàøÖ¬Ñæ. 146. FƒàÀçæÄøãøãƒòŸ, øá¬Ñæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ ÇøãæéÛí¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ é‰ÖøÖƒàæǬÑæ. 147. ûËé„Éæ øÅŒÑæÜŸÄÀçæ Äøãøãæ.

7

148. ßæăìøáæ ÇæÄÀçæ øÅŒÑæ øÖƒîÀçæ. 149. öÀå¬ÑƒëƒàæÇæÄæ ƒàˆíæ ܸëæÄÀçæÉæ. 150. §ƒàˆíæÄæ øÅŒÑæÇæÄÀå¬Ñæ ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ ˆí¬Ñæǃë¬ÑƒìæăëƒòŸ. 151. ™ƒàÀç¬ÑƒìƒòŸ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ÇæÄÀå¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ öÀå¬ÑƒëƒàæÇæÄæ. 152. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ øÖƒàƒë¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ øÖƒëæéÁçƒìæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÁå¬Ñæ. 153. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ’ˆíæ ÀåæéÙìæéÙëæ øáæĈíæ éÁç¬Ñæ ǃò€ãƒàÀçæɬуëæ. 154. öøãæ ÇæÄøãøã¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ¬ÑÀå¬Ñƒëæ܇ÑÀçæǃòŸ ÀçƒîÀåøŌуëæ 911. üÍÑæ øáæÄæÉæ ˆí¬Ñ¬ÑÀçæ Äæ øÅœàæÜŸ øÖƒàƒë¬Ñæ. 155. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ ƒëƒàæɬшíæ Äæ øÅÕãƒî¬Ñæ øÅœàæǃòŸÇøã¬Ñæ. 156. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ ܇уìˆíæ ƒë¬Ñˆíƒîøãƒìˆíæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ øáƒàˆíæ Àåæé„ɬуëÀçæ Àåæăìøáæ ˆíƒòÚíƒì¬ÑÀåæ. 157. §ƒàøÖ¬Ñæ FéÙëæǬÑæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ܸëæÄÀçæÉæ ÀåƒòÚíƒì¬ÑƒëƒòŸ. 158. ùæÇæéÁçæéÁåƒàæÇæ øáæĈíæ ƒìæé„ Éæé„ ƒñœàƒìøáæ $$$. 159. öøãæ ÄÀçæÉæ §ƒàˆíæÄæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆí¬ÑæÇæéÁçæÉæ ܸëæÄæɬÑæ. 160. ߃àøãƒàƒìæăëƒòŸ øÖøãƒò‡Ñƒëˆíæ øÖøãƒòŸ øÖæĈíƒìæ. 161. Fƒë¬ÑæÉæ ƒñÃĈíæ øÅÕãƒî¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÖæÄæǬÑæ. 162. ûÍÑæéÙëæ܇Ñæ øáæÄæÉæ ÄÀçæ ÄæÇæǃàæɬÑÀçƒìæ éÁçæ øáƒàˆíæ øÅœàæǃòŸÇøã¬Ñæ. 163. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìˆíæ ƒìæé„ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ øáƒàˆíƒìæéÙëƒòŸ. 164. öøãæ ɃàæÉæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ Äæ øãæéÙìæ; ƒìøá¬Ñƒë¬ÑøÖæéÙë¬Ñæ, øá¬Ñæ ÜŸéÙìæ ÄÀçæ A éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒì¬Ñˆíƒìæ. 165. ™æéÁç¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Àå¬ÑÀçæ ăì¬Ñæ ˆíæÄøãƒìæ. ØÈá¬Ñæ ûÍÑÀç¬ÑƒëæÄøãæ øÖæéÙëæÜŸéÙìæ ƒìæé„ ƒàˆíˆíƒî¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬ÑÀåæ ÄÀçƒòŸ ˆíæÄøãƒìæ. 166. ߃òŸ øÖæăìøá¬Ñƒëæ øÖƒàøãøã¬ÑæÉæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÖæéÙëÀåæ ˆíæé„ I ÇæÄÀçæ ÜŸé„ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇæéÁçæǬуëƒìæ. 167. ˜Àçæ ƒì¬ÑÀçæ ÀåƒàÀçƒîƒì¬Ñˆíæ, I ƒñœàøãøãæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ Äæ øÅÃăìøáæ. 168. ØÈá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ƒîˆí¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœîˆíæ ƒìæé„ ÜŸé„ øÖƒëæéÁåæ õËéÛíƒìæéÁçæ ƒìæé„ ßƒàøãƒìæéÁçæ. 169. ߃ëæ. üËÄÀåæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçƒàæǬÑæ. 170. ÆÎìæÄÀçæ ÇæÄÀçæ øÅÃÄøãæÄÀçæǬÑæ éÁçæ éÁç¬Ñæ øã¬ÑæÜŸ ÄÀçæÉæ ÀçæéÙìæ øÖæÄøãøãæ. 171. ߬ÑÀçæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ Äæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ÇæéÁåÀåƒîÀçƒàƒìƒòŸ ˆíƒìæéÙë¬Ñæ.

8

172. öøãæ ÇæÄÀçæ øÅŒÑæÇæéÁå¬Ñæ ÄÀçæ ÄæǃìæéÙëæ. 173. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Àç¬ÑæǬшíˆíæăëƒòŸ ƒìæé„ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ ƒìæé„ Ü‡Ñƒìæ ÄÀçæ A. 174. I Éæé„ ÀçæéÙìæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ Äæ øãƒàæǬÑÀçˆí¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ƒëƒàæɬÑæ Äæ øÅœàæǃòŸÇøã¬Ñæ. 175. I øãæéÛíƒìæ ÀåƒòŸ øÅÃÄøãæÄÀçæǬÑæ ÄÀçæÉæ øÖ¬Ñøãøãæ ƒìƒñœàæǬÑæ. 176. öøãæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìˆíæ ƒìæé„ ÜŸé„ ƒìæé„ Çæé‰ãøã¬Ñæ܇Ñæ ƒìæé„ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ ÀåƒîˆíƒàæÇæ. 177. ߃ëæ. §ƒàÀçæÇæé‰ãÀçæ ɃàæÉæ ÇøãƒàÀåøÅà Äæ ƒìæÄøãøãæ ƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ. 178. ØÈá¬Ñæ øãæÄæɃòŸ ÇæÄÀçæ øÖæĈíƒì¬ÑÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœîƒìƒìæéÁçˆíæ éÁçæ øá¬Ñƒëæ ÇøãæéÙìøá¬Ñˆíæ. 179. üËĈíæ øá¬Ñæ ˆí¬Ñ¬ÑÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíæÄÀå¬Ñæ Éæé„ÜŸ öøãæ ˆíæé‰ãæÉæ ƒìæé„ §ƒàˆíæÄæ? 180. öøãøãæ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ ăë¬Ñæ øáƒîÀåæÄÀçæ øŌуàÀçæÜÚíæ. 181. ߃ëæ. §ƒàÀçæÇæé‰ãÀçæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìˆíæ ÀåæéÙë¬Ñæ ÀåƒîˆíæÇøã¬Ñˆíæ. 182. DƒàæÉæ øá¬Ñæ øÅœîƒòŸ ÄÀçƒòŸ ¬ÑæÜŸÜÚíæ øÖæéÙëæ øáƒàˆíæ ƒñœàøÖ¬Ñæ?

9

Group 4 Phonograms: v p ar ng ou4 ow2 wh ch3 183. ØÈá¬Ñæ øãæé„ÇæÄøãæ øÅœîˆíƒàÀç¬Ñˆíˆíæ ƒàˆíæ é‰Öƒì¬ÑÀçæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ øÅœîˆíƒòŸ ˆí¬ÑøãøãƒàÀçæÜŸ ˆíƒîæܟăëæ. 184. ØÈá¬Ñæ Çæé‰ãæéÁç¬Ñøãæ ƒëæÄÀçæ ÄæǃëæéÛíˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãæéÁçæ܇шíƒìæ ˆíƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñƒìæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìæăì¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ûÍÑæéÙëæܸàæÄæ øãæĈíƒìæ ™æéÁïŒÑÀåøŌуëæ. 185. öøãæ ăì¬Ñæ øáæÄøãøÖæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Çøáæé„Çæé‰ãæăì¬Ñæ ÇæÄÀçæɃò€ÅÃăëæ, ÄÀçæÉæ §ƒàˆíæÄæ ăì¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ éÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ øáæÄøãøÖæ. 186. ØÈá¬Ñæ ܸîƒòŸ ƒîˆí¬ÑæÉæ ƒìƒñÃé„ øãæÄÀçæܸîæÄæ܇шíæ. 187. ØÈá¬Ñæ ܸîƒàæɬÑæ ƒëæîøã¬Ñæ ƒì¬Ñøãøãˆíæ ƒîˆíæ ƒìøáæăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ u ƒàˆíæ ˆíƒàøã¬ÑÀçƒìæ ÄøÖƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ g. 188. ØÈá¬Ñæ ܇ÑÀç¬ÑƒëæÄøãæ’ˆíæ Äæ܇Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ 50, ÄÀçæÉæ øá¬Ñæ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ é‰Öæ ÇæéÁåÀåæéÁçæ ˆí¬ÑÀçˆí¬Ñæ. 189. ™æé„ ÉæéÙîøÅœìæ, ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ƒñŒÑƒë¬Ñæ ܸîƒàøãƒìƒòŸ é‰Öæ ƒëæé‰ÅÕÅœàÀçæÜŸ øÖƒàÀïŒÑæ ăèƒèøã¬Ñˆíæ. 190. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÄÀåøÅœîøãæÄÀçæǬÑæ ƒñŒÑÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÄæÇæǃàæɬÑÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ Ü‡Ñƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåæÄÀçæ øÖƒëæéÁåæ øáƒàˆíæ øáæéÁå¬Ñæ. 191. ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ ÀåæÄæɬÑæ ƒîˆíæ Éæé„ ¬ÑÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ Ôèƒëæé‰ÅÕã¬ÑÀåæ. 192. ™æéÙìæ öøãæ, ÀçæéÙëæ §ƒàˆíæÄæ ÀåæÄæɬÑæ ¬ÑÀïŒÑÀçæ éÁç¬Ñæ ¬ÑƒëƒëæéÙëæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒèÓÑøãøãƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒì¬Ñˆíƒìæ. 193. öøãøãæ ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ’ˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ƒñœàøãøãæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ ăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒîÀçƒàÀïŒÑƒëˆíƒàƒìƒòŸ. 194. ûËé„Éæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øãƒàÀïœàÀçæÜŸ ÆÎèƒàƒëƒàƒìæ. 195. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÔèÌăë¬ÑÀçƒìˆíæ øá¬ÑøãƒèÓÑæÉæ ƒîˆíæ ÔèøãæÄÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Ôèƒëæé„ܸëæÄÀåæ ƒñŒÑæ ăë¬Ñæ øáæÄÀïœàÀçæÜŸ ƒàÀçæ öƒèƒëƒàøãæ. 196. öøãæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ É¬ÑƒèÌéÛíƒàƒìæ øÖæéÙîƒëæ Éæé‰ãøãæăëˆíæ ƒàÀçæ øáƒàˆíæ éÙñÿçæ ÄæÇæÇæéÙîÀçƒìæ. 197. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ ˆíƒìƒëæéÁçæÜŸ ƒñœàÀçæÉæ ƒìøáƒàˆíæ ÀåæéÙëÀçƒàÀçæÜŸ. 198. I ƒñœàøãøãæ Ôèƒëæé‰ÅÃÄøÅÕãƒòŸ ܇уìæ Äæ ÔèƒàæÄÀçæé„ øÖƒëæéÁåæ ÀåƒòŸ ÉæÄæÉæ ÀçæéÙñÃ. 199. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÖ¬ÑæɬуëæÄøãæ ÜŸéÁïŒÑƒëÀçÀå¬ÑÀçƒìæ Àåƒîˆíƒìæ ¬ÑÀçøÖæéÙëæǬÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëƒîøã¬Ñˆíæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇæéÙîÀçƒìƒëƒòŸ ÄÀçæÉæ ܸîæăëæÉæ éÙîƒëæ øÖƒë¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæéÁåæ. 200. WăìæÇøáæ Àå¬Ñæ Ôèƒîƒìæ ÀåƒòŸ Çæăëæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ܟăëæÄæ܇Ñæ.

10

201. üÎòŸÉƒëæé„܇ÑÀçæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ܟĈíæ. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÉæÄÀçæ܇уëæ. 202. Wøá¬ÑÀçæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ÇæéÁå¬Ñæ éÁïŒÑƒëæ ƒìæé„ ÀåƒòŸ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ? 203. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ÇæÄÀçæ øá¬ÑøãƒèÌ øá¬Ñƒëæ ˆíƒàˆíƒì¬Ñƒëæ Ôèƒîƒìæ ƒìæé„܇уìøá¬Ñƒëæ øá¬Ñƒëæ Ôèƒë¬ÑƒìƒìƒòŸ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ Éæé‰ãøãøáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ. 204. OÔèÓÑÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñœàÀçæÉæéÙñà øÖæéÙëæ Àå¬Ñæ. 205. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ øÖæéÙëæ܇уìæ ƒìæé„ ˆíƒìæéÙèÌ øÅŒÑøÖæéÙë¬Ñæ ǃëæéÛíˆíƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñƒìæ. 206. §ƒàˆíæÄæ’ˆíæ ÔèÌăëƒìƒòŸ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ ɃàøÖø֬уë¬ÑÀçƒìæ ¬ÑøÖøÖ¬Ñæǃìæ. 207. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìƒò¸èƒàæÇæÄøãæ øÖæéÙëæ ÔèÌăë¬ÑÀçƒìˆíæ ƒìæé„ øãæéÁïŒÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ÇøáƒàøãæɃë¬ÑÀçæ. 208. ™¬ÑÀïŒÑƒëæ øáƒîæÜŸ Äæ ܸë¬Ñ¬ÑÀçæ øÖƒëæé„ÜŸ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåæéÙëÀçƒàÀçæÜŸ. 209. Wøáæé„ ƒñœàøãøãæ øÅŒÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Ôèƒë¬ÑˆíƒàæɬÑÀçƒìæ é‰Öæ éÙîƒëæ ÇøãƒîøÅÃ? 210. ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ’ˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ ăëƒìæ. 211. P¬ÑƒëøáæăèÔíæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ƒñœàøãøãæ øÖƒàÀçæÉæ Äæ Ôèƒë¬Ñˆí¬ÑÀçƒìæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ܸëæéÙîÀçæÉæ ƒîÀçæɬуëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 212. Oƒîƒëæ ÀïŒÑøáƒàæÇøã¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ FéÙëæÉæ. 213. ßæăëæÇøáæ ƒàˆíæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ Çæé‰ãæÉæ. 214. Wøá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøáƒàøãæÉæ? üËÄÀïŒÑæ ƒòŸéÙîæ øÖæéÙîÀçæÉæ øáƒàÀåæ, ƒò‡Ñƒìæ? 215. WøáƒòŸ Éæé„ ÜŸéÁïŒÑƒëÀçÀå¬ÑÀçƒìˆíæ ˆíƒìæăëƒìæ ƒñÃăëˆíæ? 216. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÀåæÄÀçæ øãƒàÀïŒÑæÉæ ƒàÀçæ Äæ øÅœàæÜŸ ƒë¬ÑæÉæ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ éÙîƒìæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇæéÙîÀçƒìƒëƒòŸ. 217. üËéÙñà øÖæăëæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæéÙñÿçæ øÖƒëæéÁåæ øá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ? 218. üËÄÀïŒÑæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ÜŸéÙìæ Äæ ƒñÕáƒàƒì¬Ñæ ܸîƒàƒìæăëæ? 219. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÔèÓуëˆíæéÁçÀç¬Ñøãæ ăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÌé‰ãƒàæǬÑæ ɬуèÌăëƒìÀå¬ÑÀçƒìæ ÔèƒëæéÙì¬Ñæǃìæ ÀçƒàæǬÑæ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ øÖƒëæéÁåæ øÅÃÄæÉæ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ. 220. öøãæ ˆí¬Ñƒìˆíæ ƒîƒèÌ øÖƒëæéÁçƒìæ ˆíæé„ øá¬Ñæ ÇæÄÀçæ ÇæéÁçƒìƒëæé‰ãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ TV. 221. §ƒàˆíæÄæ Ôèƒîƒìæ ƒìƒñŒÑøãÀïŒÑæ ¬ÑæÜŸÜÚíæ ƒîƒèÌéÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæéÙèÌ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 222. ØÈá¬Ñæ öƒèÌéÛíƒìøã¬Ñæ ÄÀçæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ úøáƒëƒàˆíƒìƒàæÄÀçæ ˆíæÄÀçæÜŸ ÔèÔíæÄøãÀåˆíæ ÄÀçæÉæ øáƒò‚åÀçˆíæ ƒìæé„ ûËé„Éæ. 223. ˜ƒìæ ƒñœàøãøãæ øÅŒÑæ ƒñÃăëÀåæ ƒìæéÁåæéÙëƒëæéÙñÃ.

11

224. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅÃéÙñà ƒñÃĈíæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ øãæéÁçæÜŸ ÄÀçæÉæ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ é‰Öæ ÔèÌéÙñŒÑƒëæ øÖæéÙëæ øáƒîÀçƒìƒàÀçæÜŸ ɬѬуëæ. 225. ØÈá¬Ñæ Ôèƒë¬ÑˆíƒàæɬÑÀçƒìæ ÜŸÄÀïŒÑæ Äæ ÔèÌăëƒìƒòŸ øÖæéÙëæ Äæ ܸëæéÙîƒèÌ é‰Öæ ƒòŸéÙîÀçæÜŸ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ éÁçæ Äæ ƒìæéÙîƒëæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Çæăèƒàƒìæé‰ãæ ǃàƒìƒòŸ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ±Àçƒàƒì¬ÑæÉæ ÆÎìæăì¬Ñˆíæ. 226. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ƒàÀåƒèÌéÙëƒìæÄÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ÇæéÁåƒèøã¬Ñƒì¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ÔèÌăèÓуëæ ƒàÀçæ éÁç¬Ñæ øáæéÙîƒëæ. 227. WøáƒàæÇøáæ ÇøáƒàøãæÉæ ƒàˆíæ ƒñÃăìæÇøáƒàÀçæÜŸ TV? 228. ™æéÙìøáƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒàˆíæ øáæăëæÉæ øÖæéÙëæ ÆÎîƒèÓуëÀåæÄÀçæ. 229. W¬Ñæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒì¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ øá¬Ñæăëæ Äæ ˆíƒìæéÙëƒòŸ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ Äæ ÀåæÄÀçæ ƒñÕáæé„ ÜŸéÙìæ Äæ ÀåƒàøãøãƒàæéÁçæ Éæé‰ãøãæăëˆíæ. 230. ØÈá¬Ñæ ܸî¬Ñˆíƒìæ ÇæÄÀå¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ ÄøÖƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìøáƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ. 231. WøáæéÛí¬Ñæ ƒñÕáƒàƒì¬Ñæ Éæé„ÜŸ ƒàˆíæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœîƒàøãæɃàÀçæÜŸ? 232. õÍÑæ ˆíƒîƒë¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ÔèÌăëæÄæÇøáƒîƒì¬Ñæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ øÖøãƒòŸ. 233. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîÀçæÜŸ ÀåæÄÀçæ ăì¬Ñæ Äæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ øãæăëæ܇Ñæ ÔèÌéÙèÔíƒàæÇøã¬Ñæ. 234. öøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ ƒñŒÑÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇæéÙîƒëƒìæ. 235. Wøáæăìæ øáæéÙîƒëæ ƒàˆíæ ƒàƒìæ? õÍуàÀçæÜŸ éÁçæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ƒàÀåƒèÌéÙëƒìæÄÀçƒìæ. 236. Wøá¬ÑÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ÇøáæÄÀçæ܇Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ÀåƒàÀçæÉæ, ƒòŸéÙîæ ÇøáæÄÀçæ܇Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ øãƒàøÖ¬Ñæ. 237. ˜ˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ¬ÑÀïœàæɬÑÀçæǬÑæ ƒìøáæăìæ §æéÙîƒàˆíæ ÀåæéÁïŒÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÕãƒî¬Ñæ Çæăëæ? 238. ÆÍÑÀïŒÑƒëæÄøãæ ÇøáƒàøãæɃë¬ÑÀçæ ÔèÓѬуë¬ÑæÉæ ÉæéÙñÿçæ ăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ øÅœîæÜŸ, ƒñÃăìæÇøáƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒàƒìæ Ôèƒîøãøãæ Äæ ƒìƒñœàæÜŸ. 239. I ăèƒèƒë¬Ñæǃàæăì¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ ÀåƒîæÇøáæ øÖæéÙëæ ܸàÀïœàÀçæÜŸ Àå¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåæéÙñœàÀçæÜŸ ÀåæÄæÇøáƒàÀç¬Ñæ. 240. §ƒàˆíæÄæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒìƒò¸èÓÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñÕáæé‰ã¬Ñæ ƒàÀçˆíƒîƒëæÄÀçæǬÑæ ÔèÌé‰ãƒàæǃòŸ øÖæéÙëæ ߃ëæ. §ƒàÀçæÇæé‰ãÀçæ. 241. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ÔèÌéÛíˆíƒàøÅÕã¬Ñæ ƒìøáæăìæ öøãæ ƒñœàøãøãæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÌăëƒìæ Àç¬ÑæǬшíˆíæăëƒòŸ ƒìæé„ Ü‡Ñƒìæ øáƒàˆíæ Çæăëæ ƒìæé„ ƒëƒîÀçæ øÖæĈíƒì¬Ñƒëæ? 242. ØÈá¬Ñæ Éæé„ÜŸ ˆíƒìæăëƒì¬ÑæÉæ øÖæé‰ãøãæéÙñœàÀçæÜŸ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøáƒàøãæɃë¬ÑÀçæ ƒìæé„ ƒìæéÙñÿçæ.

12

Group 5 Phonogams: ea3 ie2 sh igh ur ay ai oo4 k ck 243. PˆíƒòŸÇøáæé‰ãæé„ܸòŸ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÇæéÙîƒëˆí¬Ñæ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáƒîÀåæÄÀçæ ÀåƒàÀçæÉæ ƒìøáæăìæ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ ƒàÀçæ Çæé‰ãøã¬Ñæ܇Ñæ. 244. A úøáƒëƒàˆíƒìƒàæÄÀçæ øáæĈíæ øÖæăàƒìøáæ ƒàÀçæ úøáƒëƒàˆíƒìæ. 245. ˜Àçæ ˆíæÇøáæé„é‰ãæ, ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ÇæÄÀçæ ÀåæÄøä¬Ñæ Ôèƒëæé„ܸë¬Ñˆíˆíæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÓуëˆíæéÁçæÄøãæ ɬÑÀïŒÑøãæéÙèÀå¬ÑÀçƒìæ é‰Öæ ÇøáæăëæÄæǃì¬Ñƒëæ. 246. úøáæăëøã¬ÑˆíƒìæéÁçæ ƒàˆíæ ˆíæéÙîƒìøáæ é‰Öæ WĈíøáƒàÀçæܸìæéÁçæ. 247. P¬ÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃà¬ÑæÉæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ øáæăëæÉæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÌĈíƒìæ. 248. üËéÙñà ÀåæÄÀçƒòŸ ƒò‡Ñæăëˆíæ é‰ãæÉæ ăë¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîæ? 249. Oƒîƒëæ ƒì¬ÑæÄæÇøá¬Ñƒëæ øãæéÁïŒÑˆíæ ƒìæé„ ƒì¬ÑæÄæÇøáæ ƒîˆíæ øáæéÙñà ƒìæé„ ƒë¬ÑæÄæÉæ. 250. W¬Ñæ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ ܸë¬Ñæăìæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ ƒë¬ÑæÄæɃàÀçæÜŸ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÄæÉÀïŒÑÀçƒìƒîƒë¬Ñæ ÀçæéÁïŒÑøãæ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ Äæ øãæéÛíƒìæ ùƒîƒëæéÙèÓÑæÄÀçæ. 251. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅœëæéÙñÿçæ øÅŒÑæăëæ øãƒàøä¬Ñˆíæ ƒìæé„ ¬Ñæăìæ øÖƒàˆíøáæ. 252. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÇøáƒàøãæɃë¬ÑÀçæ Éæé„ ÀçæéÙìæ øãƒàøä¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ƒë¬ÑæÄæÉæ ƒì¬ÑæÇøáÀçƒàæÇæÄøãæ øÅÃé„é‰äˆíæ. 253. WøáæÄøã¬Ñˆíæ øãƒàøä¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ˆíƒñœàÀåæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆí¬ÑæÄæ. 254. Wøáæé‰ã¬Ñæ ƒñÕá¬Ñæăìæ øÅœë¬ÑæÄæÉæ ƒàˆíæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ ÜŸé„é„Éæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ øá¬ÑæÄøãƒìøáæ. 255. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒñŒÑæăìøá¬Ñƒëæ ƒñÃĈíæ ܸë¬Ñæăìæ øÖæéÙëæ ˆíƒñœàÀåÀåƒàÀçæÜŸ. 256. ߃ëæ. §ƒàÀçæÇæé‰ãÀçæ’ˆíæ ƒñœàøÖ¬Ñæ øãƒàøä¬Ñˆíæ ƒìæé„ ˆíøáæéÙèÌ Äøãøãæ ÉæăòŸ. 257. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Àç¬ÑÀïŒÑƒëæ ÀçƒàæǬÑæ ƒìæé„ Ôèƒîˆíøáæ ÄÀçæÉæ ˆíøáæéÙîƒìæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ÔèøãæăòŸ. 258. üËÄÀïŒÑæ ƒòŸéÙîæ Äøãƒë¬ÑæÄæɃòŸ ƒë¬ÑæÄæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìæéÙëƒòŸ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÕãæÄæÇøäæ øÅŒÑæăëæ ƒñÕáæé„ øãƒàøä¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ¬Ñæăìæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ øÖƒàˆíøáæ? 259. ßæăòŸ I ƒë¬ÑæÄæÉæ Äæ ˆíøáæéÙëƒìæ ˆíƒìæéÙëƒòŸ ƒìæé„ÉæăòŸ? 260. Wøáæăìæ øäƒàÀçæÉæ é‰Öæ ƒñŒÑ¬Ñøäæ ɃàæÉæ ƒòŸéÙîæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ? 261. ØÈá¬Ñæ ăàƒëƒèøãæÄÀç¬Ñæ øÖøãƒà¬Ñˆíæ ÄøÅÃéÁïŒÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøãæéÙîæÉæ. 262. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ’ˆíæ Äæ ƒë¬ÑæÄøãæ øÅÃÄæÉæ ˆíƒìæéÙëÀåæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ¬ÑæĈíƒìæ. 263. ߃ëæ. §ƒàÀçæÇæé‰ãÀçæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçæéÙìæ Àå¬ÑæÄÀçæ. üÍÑæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìˆíæ ¬ÑæÄæÇøáæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ÀåæÄøä¬Ñæ Ôèƒëæé„ܸë¬Ñˆíˆíæ. 264. öøãæ ƒë¬ÑæÄæÉæ Äæ ÜŸé„é„Éæ øÅÃé„é‰äæ ƒàÀçæ øáƒàˆíæ ƒëæé„éÁåæ.

13

265. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ øÅœàæÜŸ øÅÃéÙîøãæɬуëæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåƒàæÉæÉøã¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñƒìæ. 266. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ ˆíøáƒîƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Éæé„éÙëæ éÁçæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ƒìøáƒîÀåøÅÃ. 267. ØÈá¬Ñæ Pƒë¬ÑˆíƒàæɬÑÀçƒìæ ƒñÃĈíæ ¬Ñøã¬Ñæǃì¬ÑæÉæ øÅœòŸ Äæ ÔèÌé‰ãƒàƒìƒàæÇæÄøãæ Ôèƒëæé„Ǭшíˆíæ. 268. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîƒìøáæ ÀåæÄæɬÑæ ăàƒëƒèøãæÄÀç¬Ñˆíæ øÖæéÙëæ Äæ øÅœàæÜŸ ÇæéÁåƒèÌÄÀçƒòŸ ƒàÀçæ FøãæéÙëƒàæÉæÄæ. 269. üËÄÀïŒÑæ ƒòŸéÙîæ øŌѬÑÀçæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøáƒàˆíæ ÔèøãæÄæǬÑæ øÅŒÑøÖæéÙë¬Ñæ? 270. ÆÈá¬Ñæ ÄøãƒñÃăòÚíæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìˆíæ ƒìæé„ ÜŸé„ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíøáæéÙñÃ. 271. Pƒîƒìæ Äæ ÔèÓуëƒàæé„Éæ ăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ¬ÑÀçæÉæ é‰Öæ Äæ ˆí¬ÑÀçƒì¬ÑÀçæǬÑæ. 272. P¬ÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøáƒàÀçøäæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬ÑÀåˆí¬ÑøãÀïŒÑˆíæ. 273. ØÈáæÄÀçøäæ ƒòŸéÙîæ øÖæéÙëæ ÀåæÄøäƒàÀçæÜŸ ÀåƒòŸ ɬÑæăëæ øÖæăìøá¬Ñƒëæ øáæăèƒèƒòŸ. 274. I ƒñŒÑæăëæ Äæ ƒñÃăëÀåæ øáæăìæ éÁçæ ÀåƒòŸ øá¬ÑæÄæÉæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ ƒàƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Çæé‰ãæÉæ éÙîƒìˆíƒàæɬÑæ. 275. Pøã¬ÑæĈí¬Ñæ øã¬ÑÀïŒÑøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ. 276. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÔèƒëƒàÀïÃăì¬Ñæ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ ˆíæé„, “£¬Ñ¬ÑƒèÌ Oƒîƒìæ.” 277. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ ƒìæÄøãøäæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒì¬Ñøã¬ÑƒèøáæéÁç¬Ñæ ƒñÕáƒàøã¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ɃëƒàÀïŒÑæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ Çæăëæ. Wăàƒìæ ƒîÀçƒìƒàøãæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ˆíƒìæéÙèÌ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Çæăëæ. 278. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒì¬ÑæÄæÇøá¬Ñƒëæ ˆíæăàæÉæ, “¨ƒîÀçæ ăëæéÙîÀçæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíæÇøáæé„é‰ãæ ƒòŸÄƒëæÉæ ƒìøáƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñˆíæ. 279. ߃ëæ. §ƒàÀçæÇæé‰ãÀçæ’ˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìˆíæ ÇæÄÀçæ ÀåƒîøãƒìƒàƒèøãƒòŸ ÄÀçæÉæ ɃàÀïœàæɬÑæ. 280. Dé„ ÀçæéÙìæ ˆíæăòŸ øÅÃÄæÉæ ƒìøáƒàÀçæÜÚíæ ăìæ ˆíæÇøáæé„é‰ãæ éÙëæ ÄÀçƒò¸ñÕá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ¬Ñøãˆí¬Ñæ. 281. ØËé„ÉæăòŸ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñŒÑæăìøá¬Ñƒëæ ƒàˆíæ Çøã¬Ñæăëæ ÄÀçæÉæ Çæé‰ãæÉæ. 282. úøáƒëƒàˆíƒìƒàæÄÀçˆíæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃòŸ ƒìøá¬Ñæ õÎàøÅÕã¬Ñæ ăìæ úøáƒîƒëæÇøáæ. 283. ÆËé„ǃà¬ÑƒìƒòŸ ƒàˆíæ ÀåæÄæɬÑæ ƒîƒèÌ é‰Öæ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ. 284. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒìƒñÃé„ øäƒàæɈíæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒì¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ÜŸé„ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåæéÁïœà¬Ñæ, ƒìæé„é„. 285. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÀçƒàæÜ€áƒìæ ƒñÃĈíæ Éæăëøäæ ÄÀçæÉæ øÅÕãæÄæÇøäæ. 286. öøãæ ƒìƒîƒëÀç¬ÑæÉæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øäƒàƒìæÇøá¬ÑÀçæ øãƒàæÜ€áƒìæ. 287. Dé„ ƒòŸéÙîæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ ÄÀçƒòŸ ƒàæɬÑæÄæ ƒñÕá¬Ñƒìøá¬Ñƒëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñŒÑæăìøá¬Ñƒëæ ƒñœàøãøãæ øÅŒÑæ Çæé‰ãæÉæ éÙëæ øáæéÙìæ ƒìæé„ÉæăòŸ? 288. ØÈá¬Ñæ ˆíæé‰ãæɃà¬Ñƒëæ Àåæăëƒëƒà¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãæéÁïŒÑøãƒòŸ ƒñÃéÁåæÄÀçæ ƒàÀçæ ÆÍуèƒì¬ÑÀåøŌуëæ.

14

289. ØÈá¬Ñæ Éæé„ǃìæéÙëæ ˆíæÄÀïŒÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøáƒàøãæÉæ øÖƒëæéÁåæ ɬÑæăìøáæ. 290. A ÜŸé„é„Éæ ÀåæÄÀçæ ƒñœàøãøãæ ˆíƒîƒèƒèÌéÙëƒìæ øáƒàˆíæ øÖæÄÀåƒàøãƒòŸ. 291. öøãæ ăì¬Ñæ øÅœë¬ÑæÄøäøÖæĈíƒìæ ƒàÀçæ øáƒàˆíæ ƒëæé„éÁåæ øÅŒÑøÖæéÙë¬Ñæ øá¬Ñæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ øã¬ÑæÄÀïŒÑæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Àå¬Ñ¬ÑƒìƒàÀçæÜŸ. 292. ØÈá¬Ñæ Çæăìæ ÇøãƒàÀåøÅŒÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæéÙèÌ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáƒàæÜ€áæ ƒñÃé„é„Éæ øÖ¬ÑÀçæǬÑæ. 293. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒìƒëæăàÀçæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒëƒîÀçæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëæăàøãæ. 294. öøãæ ƒìæé„é‰äæ øáƒàˆíæ øãƒîÀçæÇøáæ ƒìæé„ ˆíæÇøáæé„é‰ãæ øãæĈíƒìæ ƒñŒÑ¬Ñøäæ. 295. Pƒë¬ÑˆíƒàæɬÑÀçƒìæ õÎîˆíøáæ ƒñœàøãøãæ ƒë¬ÑƒìƒîƒëÀçæ ƒìæé„ WĈíøáƒàÀçæܸìæéÁçæ ƒìøáƒàˆíæ ÆËăìƒîƒëæÉæăòŸ. 296. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅÕãæÄæÇøäæ øÅŒÑæăëæ ˆíƒìæé„é„Éæ éÁçæ ƒàƒìˆíæ øÅÃÄæÇøäæ øã¬ÑæÜÚíæ. 297. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÔèøãæÄÀç¬Ñæ ÇæÄÀçæ øÖøãƒòŸ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ăàƒëæ. 298. ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ ˆíæăòÚíæ ƒìøá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ăë¬Ñæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ é‰Öæ øÖƒàˆíøáæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ é„ǬÑæÄÀçæ. 299. I øãƒàøä¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒîæɃò¸àÀçæÜŸ ùÀçæÜ€ãƒàˆíøáæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ. 300. öƒèƒèÌăë¬ÑÀçƒìøãƒòŸ, öøãæ øáæĈíæ Äæ øÅÃé„é‰äæ Ƀî¬Ñæ. 301. ߃òŸ øÖƒëƒà¬ÑÀçæÉæ ûÍÑæéÙëæ܇Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ˆíƒìƒàøãøãæ ˆíƒàÀçæÜ€ã¬Ñæ. 302. ߃ëæ. Fƒàˆíøáæ ˆíæăàæÉæ ƒìøáæăìæ éÙîƒëæ ÇøãæĈíˆíæ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒë¬ÑæÄøãøãƒòŸ ˆíÀåæăëƒìæ. 303. §ƒàˆíæÄæ øä¬Ñƒèƒìæ øá¬Ñƒëæ øÅÃé„é‰äˆíæ ƒàÀçæ øá¬Ñƒëæ ɬшíøäæ. 304. ØÈá¬Ñæ ˆí¬ÑÀïŒÑÀçæ ÉæăòÚíæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñŒÑ¬Ñøäæ ăë¬Ñæ: ßæéÁçæÉæăòŸ, ØÎî¬ÑˆíæÉæăòŸ, W¬ÑæÉÀç¬ÑˆíæÉæăòŸ, ØÈáƒîƒëˆíæÉæăòŸ, FƒëƒàæÉæăòŸ, ÆËăìƒîƒëæÉæăòŸ, ÄÀçæÉæ ÆÎîÀçæÉæăòŸ. 305. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ ¬ÑÀïŒÑƒëæ ˆíøáæéÙîƒìæ ƒàÀçæ ÄÀçƒòŸéÁç¬Ñæ’ˆíæ ¬Ñæăëæ. 306. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ÜŸé„é„Éæ ƒìæé„ øä¬Ñ¬ÑƒèÌ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ Éæé‰ãøãæăëˆíæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄÀçøäæ. 307. ØÈá¬Ñæ øäƒàæÉæ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒìæé„é„ ƒñŒÑæÄøäæ ƒìæé„ øÅœë¬ÑæÄøäæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÓÑÀçæǃàøãæ. 308. üÍÑæ ƒñÃĈíæ ˆíƒîƒë¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ ƒìƒë¬ÑæĈíƒîƒë¬Ñæ é‰Öæ Ôèƒîƒë¬Ñæ ÜŸé‰ãæÉæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåæéÙîÀçƒìæăàÀçæ. 309. üÍÑæ ƒìƒëƒà¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ÀåæÄøä¬Ñæ Äæ ˆíƒìƒëæăàæÜ€áƒìæ øãƒàÀç¬Ñæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÌÄæ܇Ñæ. 310. üËéÙñà ˆíæé„éÁçæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ Çøá¬ÑæÇøäæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœëæÄøä¬Ñˆíæ éÁçæ ÀåƒòŸ Çæăëæ? 311. ØÈá¬Ñæ é‰ãæÉæ ÀåæÄÀçæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ ɃàˆíƒìƒàÀçæܸîƒàˆíøá¬ÑæÉæ øãƒà¬Ñƒîƒì¬ÑÀçæÄÀçƒìæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ăëÀåƒòŸ.

15

312. I øÅŒÑøãƒà¬ÑÀïŒÑæ ÀåƒòŸ ÜŸé„é„Éæ øÖƒëƒà¬ÑÀçæÉæ ƒñœàøãøãæ ÔèøãæăòŸ øÅÃĈí¬ÑøÅÃÄøãøãæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ öÀå¬ÑƒëƒàæÇæÄÀçæ §¬ÑæÄæܸî¬Ñæ. 313. ßæăëƒëƒàæÄæ܇Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÓуëøÖ¬Ñæǃìæ ƒîÀçƒàæéÁçæ é‰Öæ Äæ øáƒîˆíøÅÃÄÀçæÉæ ÄÀçæÉæ ƒñœàøÖ¬Ñæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ øãæéÁïŒÑæ. 314. ÆÎîæÇøáæ øáæăëæÉæ ƒìøáƒàÀçøäƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒàˆíæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ ÇæéÁåÀåæéÁçæ ÄÀåæéÁçæÜŸ ƒì¬ÑæÄæÇøá¬Ñƒëˆíæ. 315. I ÇæÄÀçæ ÔèƒëæéÁïœàæɬÑæ Äæ ÇæĈí¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒë¬ÑøÖƒë¬ÑˆíøáÀå¬ÑÀçƒìˆíæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ VÄøã¬ÑÀçƒìƒàÀç¬Ñæ PăëƒìƒòŸ. 316. ØÈá¬Ñæ TV Ôèƒëæé„ܸëæÄÀåæ ÜŸÄÀïŒÑæ Äæ ÔèƒîøÅÕãƒàæÇæ ˆí¬ÑƒëÀïœàæǬÑæ ÄÀçÀçæéÙîÀçæǬÑÀå¬ÑÀçƒìæ. 317. ØÈá¬Ñæ ܸëæé„ǬуëƒòŸ ˆíƒìæéÙë¬Ñæ ÜŸÄÀïŒÑæ ÀïÃăëƒàæéÙîˆíæ ÇæéÙîƒèÌéÁçˆíæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÓÑæéÙèøã¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ˆíæÄÀïŒÑæ ƒìøá¬ÑÀåæ Éæé‰ãøãæăëˆíæ. 318. úæÄÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ øÖƒëƒà¬ÑÀçæÉæ ܸàÀïŒÑæ Äæ ÜŸé„é„Éæ ƒë¬ÑæĈíæéÁçæ øÖæéÙëæ øáƒàˆíæ ÄÀçˆíƒñŒÑƒëˆíæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒì¬Ñˆíƒìæ? 319. ¨¬ÑæÄæɃàÀçæÜŸ ÄÀçæÉæ ˆíƒèÓÑøãøãƒàÀçæÜŸ ăë¬Ñæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ ƒàÀåƒèÌéÙëƒìæÄÀçƒìæ ˆíøäƒàøãøãˆíæ.

16

Group 6 Phonograms: ey2 ei2 ir j ew augh ough4 wor ould ed2 320. ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ’ˆíæ ÉæÄæÉæ øÖæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÆÍÑæÇæéÁçæÉæ WéÙëøãæÉæ Wăëæ to ܸàÀïŒÑæ ƒîˆíæ ÔèÓÑæÄæǬÑæ. 321. ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ’ˆíæ ÉæăîæÜ€áƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìæăîæÜ€áƒìæ Äæ ÜŸé„é„Éæ ùÀçæÜ€ãƒàˆíøáæ øã¬ÑˆíˆíæéÁçæ. 322. §ƒàˆíæÄæ’ˆíæ ÀåæéÁåæ ƒàˆíæ ÀåæÄøäƒàÀçæÜŸ ɬÑøãƒàæǃàæéÙîˆíæ ÇæÄÀçæɃòŸ. 323. öøãæ Ôâ¸îÀåƒèÓÑæÉæ øáƒàæÜ€áæ ÄÀçæÉæ ÇæăîæÜ€áƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøãøãæ. 324. †Ÿé‰áÀçæ Ƀë¬Ñƒñà Äæ øÅŒÑæăîƒìƒàøÖƒîøãæ Ôèƒàæǃìƒîƒë¬Ñæ é‰Öæ øáƒàˆíæ ÀåæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ ɃîƒëƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒë¬ÑæǬшíˆíæ. 325. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ øãæăì¬Ñæ. úæÄÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ øáƒîƒëƒëƒòŸ? 326. †¸îÀç¬Ñæ Ĉíøä¬ÑæÉæ Äæ ƒìæéÙîæÜ€áæ ˆíæǃà¬ÑÀçæǬÑæ Ôèƒëæé‰ÅÕã¬ÑÀåæ. 327. W¬Ñæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ øÅÕãæé„é„Éæ ƒàÀçæ éÙîƒëæ ÀïŒÑƒàÀçˆíæ. 328. †¸îÀç¬Ñæ øÅÃéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ ¬ÑÀçæéÙîæÜ€áæ Àåæăì¬ÑƒëƒàæÄøãæ ƒìæé„ ˆí¬Ñƒñà Äæ Àç¬Ñƒñà Ƀë¬Ñˆíˆíæ øÖæéÙëæ øá¬Ñƒëæ ÉæăîæÜ€áƒì¬Ñƒëæ. 329. ØÈá¬Ñæ ǃë¬Ñƒñà ˆíæăàøã¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíøáƒàƒèÌ ƒìøáƒëæéÙîæÜ€áæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëæéÙîæÜ€áæ ˆíƒìæéÙëÀåæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ Äøãøãæ ƒàƒìˆíæ øÖƒîƒëƒòŸ. 330. ªŸéÙîæ éÙîæÜ€áƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒñÃéÙëøäæ øáæăëæÉæ ƒìæé„ ÄæÇøáƒà¬ÑÀïŒÑæ Äæ ÜŸé„Äøãæ ƒìøáæăìæ ƒàˆíæ ƒñÃéÙëƒìøáæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ. 331. üÍÑæ ƒìøáæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ øá¬Ñæ ˆíøáæéÙîøãæÉæ ƒìæÄøä¬Ñæ ÄÀçæ ăìƒìæéÙëÀç¬ÑƒòŸ ƒñœàƒìøáæ øáƒàÀåæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇæéÙîƒëƒìƒëæé„éÁåæ. 332. †Ÿé‰áÀçæ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒñÃÄøãøäƒàÀçæÜŸ ÄøãæéÁçæÜŸ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëƒàÀïŒÑƒëæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ øáƒàˆíæ Ôèƒë¬ÑƒìƒìƒòŸ ܸàƒëøãøÖƒëƒà¬ÑÀçæÉæ. 333. ØÈá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøãøãæ Éæăëøäæ øÖƒàæܸîƒë¬Ñæ ƒñÃÄøãøä¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæéÙñÃăëæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ƒë¬ÑæÉæ ˆíæÇøáæé„é‰ãøáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ. 334. ˜ƒìæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ Ôèøã¬ÑæĈíƒîƒë¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ƒìæÄøãøäæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ÄæܟăàÀçæ. 335. öÀçæ ƒàÀçæǃë¬ÑæĈí¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ øÅÕãæé„é„Éæ Ôèƒë¬Ñˆíˆíƒîƒë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçæéÙìæ ÜŸé„é„Éæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ øá¬Ñæăëƒìæ. 336. ØÈá¬Ñæ ܸàƒëøãæ ƒñÃéÙîøãæÉæ ˆíƒìæăëƒìæ Äæ Àç¬Ñƒñà ÔâŸé‰Åà ƒàÀçæ †ŸÄÀçƒîæăëƒòŸ ƒàøÖæ ˆíøá¬Ñæ ÇæéÙîøãæÉæ ÀåæĈíƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Ôèƒëæé„ǬÑæɃîƒë¬Ñˆíæ.

17

337. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÖøãæé„é„Éæ ܸëæÄæɃîæÄøãøãƒòŸ ÇæéÁïŒÑƒë¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒîƒëøÖæÄæǬÑæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øäƒàƒìæÇøá¬ÑÀçæ øÖøãæé„éÙëæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ ƒñÃăì¬Ñƒëæ. 338. ØËé„ ƒñÕáæéÁåæ ɃàæÉæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ܸàÀïŒÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øä¬ÑƒòŸ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœîƒë¬Ñæăîæ? 339. ØÈá¬ÑƒòŸ ăèƒèøãƒà¬ÑæÉæ ƒàæǬÑæ ƒìæé„ Çƒîƒë¬Ñæ øáƒàˆíæ øáƒîƒëƒìæ ˆíøáæéÙîøãæɬуëæ. 340. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÇæéÙëÀçøÖƒà¬ÑøãæÉæ ƒàˆíæ ÀçæéÙìæ Àç¬Ñæăëæ øá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ; ƒàƒìæ ƒàˆíæ øÖƒîƒëƒìøá¬Ñƒëæ ÉæéÙñÿçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëæé„ÄæÉæ. 341. öƒìæ øã¬ÑæĈíƒìæ ƒòŸéÙîæ Éæé„ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ÔâŸé‰Åà ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëƒàæÜ€áƒìæ ƒñÃăòŸ. 342. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÀçæăîæÜ€áƒìƒòŸ ܸàƒëøãæ ˆíæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒàƒëƒëƒàƒìæăì¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîÀçæÜŸ øäƒàæÉæ. ÆÈá¬Ñæ ƒìøáƒë¬Ñƒñà ăñÃăòŸ øáƒàˆíæ øáæăìæ. 343. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒàˆíæ Àå¬ÑæɃàæǃàÀç¬Ñæ ÄÀïÃăàøãæÄøÅÕã¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ Çƒîƒë¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ÇæéÙîæÜ€áæ. 344. A øãæéÁçæÜŸ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ ÄæÜŸé„, ƒàƒìæ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒîÀçƒîˆíƒîæÄøãæ øÖæéÙëæ ܸîƒàæÉæÄÀçæǬÑæ ÔèÓуëˆíæéÁçÀç¬Ñøãæ ƒìæé„ ƒìæÄøãøäæ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬ÑæéÙëƒòŸ é‰Öæ øÅœîˆíƒàÀç¬Ñˆíˆíæ ǃòŸÇøã¬Ñˆíæ. 345. §æÄæÇøäæ é‰Öæ øÖæé„é„Éæ ÀåæăòŸ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ øã¬ÑæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ɬÑæăìøáæ é‰Öæ Äøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÄÀçæǃà¬ÑÀçƒìæ ÄÀçƒàÀåæÄøãˆíæ. 346. †Ÿé‰áÀçæ øãæé„é‰ä¬ÑæÉæ ăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒàæÜ‚çæÄøãæ øÅŒÑøÖæéÙë¬Ñæ øá¬Ñæ ƒñÃÄøãøä¬ÑæÉæ ÄæǃëæéÛíˆíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñƒìæ. 347. OÀçøãƒòŸ Äæ ø֬уñà ùÀçæÜ€ãƒàˆíøáæ ƒñÃéÙëæɈíæ ăë¬Ñæ ƒàƒëƒë¬Ñæܸîøãæăëæ. 348. ØÈá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ ܸàƒëøãæ Ƀë¬Ñƒñà Äæ Ôèƒàæǃìƒîƒë¬Ñæ é‰Öæ Äæ Çæăìæ ƒìøáæăìæ ƒñÃĈíæ ˆíƒàƒìƒìƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃéÙîæÜ€áæ é‰Öæ Äæ ƒìæÄøãøãæ ƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ. 349. üÍÑæ ƒñœàøãøãæ ƒë¬ÑæǬуàÀïŒÑæ Äæ ƒë¬ÑæǬуàƒèƒìæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåæéÁç¬ÑƒòŸ ƒìøáæăìæ øá¬Ñæ ÔèÌăàæÉæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒàƒëæéÁçæ. 350. I øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ øãæăîæÜ€áæ ăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒîƒëƒèƒëƒàˆí¬Ñæ ܸàøÖƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøãæéÙñÿçæ øÅœëæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœàƒëƒìøáæÉæăòŸ ÔèÌăëƒìƒòŸ. 351. Oƒîƒëæ ¬Ñƒò‡Ñˆíæ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ ÜŸé„é„Éæ Àïœà¬Ñƒñà é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíæǬÑÀç¬Ñæ øŌуòŸéÁçæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëƒàÀïŒÑƒëæ. 352. ØÈáæéÙîæÜ€áæ ƒìøá¬ÑƒòŸ ƒìƒëƒà¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ˆíæÄÀïŒÑæ ƒìøá¬ÑÀåæ, Äæ øãæéÙìæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñƒàƒëæ ÄÀçƒàÀåæÄøãˆíæ ăë¬Ñæ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ ƒìæé„ Éƒà¬Ñæ øÅŒÑæÇæăîˆí¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒì¬ÑƒëƒëƒàøÅÕã¬Ñæ ɃëæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ.

18

Group 7 Phonograms: gn kn wr ear x z tion oa aw au ..tu.., ..ti.. 353. ØÈá¬Ñæ øãæăñœò‡Ñƒëæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ øáæăîøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèƒëƒàÀô‡Ñæ ÀåæéÁç¬ÑƒòŸ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄÀçøäæ ÀïÃăîøãƒìæ ƒìæé„ øä¬Ñ¬ÑƒèÌ ƒàƒìæ ˆíæÄøÖ¬Ñæ. 354. õÍÑæÇæăîˆí¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ɃëæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ, ƒñŒÑæ øäÀç¬Ñƒñà ƒñŒÑæ ƒñÃéÙîøãæÉæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ ƒìæé„ ƒîˆí¬Ñæ ƒàƒëƒëƒàæܟăìƒàæéÁçæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ܟăëæɬÑÀçæ. 355. W¬Ñæ ˆíæăñà ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãæÄÀô¸òŸ ÀåæéÁçøä¬ÑƒòŸ ăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀôŸé„é„. 356. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÔèÌăìƒà¬ÑÀçƒìæ ƒñœëæéÙì¬Ñæ Äæ øã¬Ñƒìƒì¬Ñƒëæ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ øá¬Ñƒëæ ƒîÀçøáæăèƒèƒòŸ ˆíƒàƒìƒîæăìƒàæéÁçæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÛíƒèƒàƒìæÄøãæ. 357. ØÈá¬Ñæ Àå¬ÑÀçæ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ ƒñœë¬ÑæÇøäæ øÅŒÑæÇæăîˆí¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬ÑƒòŸ ɃàæÉÀçæ’ƒìæ ˆí¬Ñ¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒàæÜ‚çæ, ÄÀçæÉæ ƒìøáƒîˆíæ ƒìøá¬ÑƒòŸ ƒìæé„é‰äæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñœëæéÁçæÜŸ ƒëæé„ÄæÉæ. 358. ØÈá¬Ñæ ßæăâŸéÙëæ ûÍÑÀç¬ÑƒëæÄøãæ øÖæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ Äæ øÅœëæÄÀïŒÑæ ÇæÄÀåƒèÌăàæÜ‚çæ ÄæܟăàÀçˆíƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ¬ÑÀç¬ÑÀåƒòŸ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆí¬ÑæǃîƒëƒàƒìƒòŸ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñÃéÙëøãæÉæ. 359. ªŸéÙîæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ é‰Öæ ƒàÀçøÖæéÙëÀåæăìƒàæéÁçæ ƒìæé„ ƒñœëƒàƒì¬Ñæ Äæ ÜŸé„é„Éæ ƒë¬Ñˆí¬ÑæăëæÇøáæ ƒë¬ÑƒèÌéÙëƒìæ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ¬Ñæăëƒìøáæ. 360. §æăñœò‡Ñƒëˆíæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ ƒìæé„ øäÀçæéÙñà Äæ øãæéÙìæ ÄøÅÃéÙîƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãæăñà ÄÀçæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ úæéÁçˆíƒìƒàƒìƒîƒìƒàæéÁçæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ±Àçƒàƒì¬ÑæÉæ ÆÎìæăì¬Ñˆíæ. 361. ªŸéÙîæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ ƒìæé„ øã¬ÑæăëÀçæ Äæ øãæéÙìæ ƒìæé„ Ü‡Ñƒìæ ÄÀçæ ¬ÑæɃîæÇæăìƒàæéÁçæ ÄÀçæÉæ ܸëæÄæɃîæăì¬Ñæ øÖƒëæéÁåæ Çæé‰ãøã¬Ñæ܇Ñæ. 362. ªŸéÙîæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÄæǃìƒàæéÁçæ é‰Öæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ƒñœëƒàˆíƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒîˆí¬Ñæ Äæ ƒñœë¬ÑÀçæÇøáæ. 363. úøáƒàøãæɃë¬ÑÀçæ øã¬ÑæăëÀçæ ¬ÑæăëøãƒòŸ øáæéÙñà ƒìæé„ ÇƒëæăñÕãæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñƒàƒëæ øäÀç¬Ñ¬Ñˆíæ. 364. üÍÑæ ƒñÃĈíæ Äæ Ôâ¸îˆíƒìæ ƒàÀçæɃàÀïœàæɃîæÄøãæ, ÄÀçæÉæ ƒìøáƒîˆíæ øá¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ øÖæăàƒëæ ƒìæé„ ¬ÑÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸéÁç¬Ñæ. 365. ØÈá¬Ñæ ˆíæé‰ãæɃà¬Ñƒëˆíæ ˆíøáæÄøãøãæ ƒñÃÄøãøäæ ƒàÀçæ Çæé‰ãƒîÀåÀçˆíæ. 366. ØÈá¬Ñæ øáæăîæÜ€áƒìƒòŸ øáƒîÀçƒì¬Ñƒëˆíæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒì¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ˆíøãæăîæÜ€áƒì¬Ñƒëæ Äøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øá¬Ñøãƒèøã¬Ñˆíˆíæ øÅœîøÖøÖæÄøãæé„. 367. ØÈá¬Ñæ øŌшíƒìæ ƒñÃăòŸ ƒìæé„ øã¬ÑæăëÀçæ Äæ øÖæéÙë¬ÑƒàæÜ‚çæ øãæÄÀçæܸîæÄæ܇Ñæ ƒàˆíæ ƒìæé„ øãƒàÀïŒÑæ ƒñÕá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒàƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ˆíƒèÌé‰ä¬ÑÀçæ Ĉíæ Äæ ÀçæăìƒàæéÁçæÄøãæ øãæÄÀçæܸîæÄæ܇Ñæ.

19

368. ˜ƒìæ ƒàˆíæ ¬Ñˆíˆí¬ÑÀçƒìƒàæÄøãæ ƒìøáæăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíƒìƒëƒîæǃìƒîƒë¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñˆíæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒë¬ÑˆíƒàæɬÑÀçƒìƒàæÄøãæ ăë¬ÑæÄæ øÅŒÑæ ˆíƒîøÅÒíƒìæÄÀçƒìƒàæÄøãæ ƒàøÖæ ƒìøá¬ÑƒòŸ ăë¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ƒñœàƒìøáæ ˆíƒìæÄÀçæÉæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáƒàæÜ€áæ ƒñœàÀçæɈíæ. 369. I ÀåƒàæÜ€áƒìæ ÜŸé„ ƒìøáƒëæéÙîæÜ€áæ ûÍуìƒìƒòÚíøÅœîƒëæÜŸ éÁçæ ÀåƒòŸ ƒñÃăòŸ ƒìæé„ WĈíøáƒàÀçæܸìæéÁçæ ƒìøáƒàˆíæ †¸îøãƒòŸ. 370. ßæéÙìøá¬Ñƒëæ ƒîˆí¬ÑæÉæ ÇæăîƒìƒàæéÁçæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ ˆíøá¬Ñæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ Àå¬ÑæĈíƒîƒë¬Ñæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæܸë¬ÑæɃà¬ÑÀçƒìˆíæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Çæé„é‰äƒà¬Ñæ ÉæéÙîæÜ€áæ. 371. ªŸéÙîæ ÇæÄÀçæ ƒñœëæăèÌ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Ôèƒë¬Ñˆí¬ÑÀçƒìæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ ÔèÌăèÓуëæ ÄÀçæÉæ ˆí¬Ñæǃîƒë¬Ñæ ƒàƒìæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ Äæ øäÀçæéÙìæ. 372. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÀïŒÑøáƒàæÇøã¬Ñæ ƒëæé‰ãøã¬ÑæÉæ ÉæéÙñÿçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáƒàøãøãæ øÅŒÑæÇæăîˆí¬Ñæ ˆíæéÁå¬ÑæéÁç¬Ñæ øã¬ÑøÖƒìæ ƒàƒìæ ƒàÀçæ Àç¬ÑƒîƒìƒëæÄøãæ. 373. ˜øÖæ I ƒñÃéÙîøãæÉæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ øäÀçæéÙñÿçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÉæÄÀçæ܇уëæ, I ƒñÃéÙîøãæÉÀçæ’ƒìæ øáæÄÀïŒÑæ ÜŸéÁç¬Ñæ ¬Ñƒàƒìøá¬Ñƒëæ. 374. W¬Ñæ ăë¬Ñæ ˆíæÇøá¬ÑæɃîøã¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ ¬Ñæăìæ ăìæ ˆíƒàÀóæ. 375. A øÅÃéÙëæéÙîæÜ€áæ ƒàˆíæ ÄÀçæ ÄæÉÀåƒàÀçƒàˆíƒìƒëæăìƒàÀïŒÑæ Ƀàˆíƒìƒëƒàæǃìæ é‰Öæ Äæ ÇæéÙîÀçƒìƒòŸ.

20

Group 8 Phonograms: oi oy ph sion2 qu eigh dge ui ..ci.. 376. I øá¬ÑæăëæÉæ ƒìøáæăìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Àç¬ÑÀóƒìæ Ôèƒë¬ÑˆíƒàæɬÑÀçƒìæ ƒñÃĈíæ ÜŸéÙàÀçæÜŸ ƒìæé„ É¬ÑˆíƒàæÜ‚çæ Äæ øÅœîæÉæ܇уìæ ƒìæé„ øãæéÙñŒÑƒëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄÀóæ. 377. ߃òŸ øÖƒàƒëˆíƒìæ ÉæăîæÜ€áƒì¬Ñƒëæ ˆíæÄÀçæÜŸ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøáæéÙàƒëæ, øÅœîƒìæ ÀåƒòŸ ƒìøáƒàƒëæÉæ ÉæăîæÜ€áƒì¬Ñƒëæ ɃàæÉæ ÀçæéÙìæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ˆíƒàÀçæÜŸ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøáæéÙàƒëæ. 378. ØÈá¬ÑƒòŸ ÔèÌăàæÉæ ƒì¬ÑÀçæ Éæé‰ãøãæăëˆíæ ÔèÓуëæ øÅÃéÁóæ é‰Öæ øÖƒëƒîƒàƒìæ Ôâ¸îƒàæǬÑæ. 379. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅÃéÙòŸ’ˆíæ ƒñŒÑƒàæÜ€áƒìæ ƒñÃĈíæ ¬ÑƒàæÜ€áƒìƒòŸ ÔèÌéÙîÀçæɈíæ. 380. ØÈá¬Ñæ øŌшíƒìæ ÔèÌéÛíƒàƒìƒàæéÁçæ, ƒàøÖæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ƒñÃÄÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ øÖøãæé„ăìæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñÃăì¬Ñƒëæ, ƒàˆíæ éÁçæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ øÅÃÄæÇøäæ. 381. PăòŸ ăìƒì¬ÑÀçƒìƒàæéÁçæ ƒàÀçæ ÇøãæĈíˆíæ, ÄÀçæÉæ Éæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒñÃéÙëøäæ I ĈíˆíƒàæÜ‚çæ. 382. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ ɃëƒàÀçøäæ Çæăëæ éÙàøãæ øÅŒÑæÇæăîˆí¬Ñæ ƒàƒìæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÔèÌéÙàˆíæéÁçæ. 383. ßæăëƒòŸ ƒàˆíæ ÜŸéÙàÀçæÜŸ ƒìæé„ ÔèÌéÙàÀçƒìæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÖƒëæÄæǃìƒàæéÁçæ Ôèƒëæé‰ÅÕã¬ÑÀåæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃé„ăëæÉæ. 384. I ÇæÄÀçæ øãæé„ÄÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ éÙëƒèøáæÄÀçæ øÅÃéÙòŸ ƒì¬ÑÀçæ Éæé‰ãøãæăëˆíæ ƒìæé„ øÅœîƒòŸ Äæ Àç¬Ñƒñà ˆíƒîƒàƒìæ øÖæéÙëæ øáƒàˆíæ ÔèøáæéÙìæé„. 385. ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìæé„é‰äæ Äæ Ôèƒàæǃìƒîƒë¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœàæÜŸ ¬Ñøã¬ÑƒèøáæÄÀçƒìæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅœëƒàæÉæ܇Ñæ. 386. ØÈá¬Ñæ Ôâ¸îæÉæ܇Ñæ ÀåæÄæɬÑæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ɬÑæǃàˆíƒàæéÁçæ ƒìæé„ ƒì¬Ñøãøãæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀåæÄÀçæ ƒìæé„ ˆíƒìæéÙèÌ ÉƒëƒàÀçøäƒàÀçæÜŸ øãƒàæêƒîæéÙëæ ƒàøÖæ øá¬Ñæ ÜŸéÙàÀçæÜŸ ƒìæé„ ÉƒëƒàÀïŒÑæ Äæ Çæăëæ. 387. öøãæ øáæÄæÉæ ƒìæé„ êƒîƒàƒìæ Ôèøãæăò¸àÀçæÜŸ ƒñœàƒìøáæ øáƒàˆíæ ˆíƒèÓÑæǃàæÄøãæ ƒìæéÙòŸ øÅŒÑæÇæăîˆí¬Ñæ ƒàƒìæ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒìƒàÀå¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ÜŸé„ ƒìæé„ øÅŒÑæÉæ. 388. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÔèÌéÙñŒÑƒëøÖƒîøãæ øÖƒë¬ÑƒàæÜ€áƒìæ ƒìƒëæăàÀçæ ƒñÃĈíæ øãæé„ÄæɬÑæÉæ ƒñœàƒìøáæ Ôèƒë¬ÑæǃàæéÙîˆíæ ÜŸé‰ãæÉæ ÇæéÙàÀçˆíæ. 389. ØÈá¬Ñæ ߃àˆíˆíƒàæéÁçæ øáæÄæÉæ Äæ ÀïœàˆíƒàæéÁçæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒàÀåƒèƒëæéÁïœàÀçæÜŸ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ˆíæé„ǃàæÄøãæ ÇæéÁçæɃàƒìƒàæéÁçæ é‰Öæ ¨ƒîˆíˆíƒàæÄæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÖƒîƒìƒîƒë¬Ñæ. 390. ªŸéÙîƒëæ ÇæéÁçˆíæǃà¬ÑÀçæǬÑæ ƒñœàøãøãæ øáƒîƒëƒìæ ƒàøÖæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ƒì¬Ñøãøãæ Äæ øãƒà¬Ñæ. 391. ØÈá¬Ñæ Ôâ¸îæÉæ܇Ñæ ƒë¬Ñæêƒîƒàƒë¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøáæăìæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ƒñœëƒàƒì¬Ñæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ ƒàÀçƒàƒìƒàæÄøãˆíæ Àç¬Ñæăëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ¬ÑæÉæ܇Ñæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÌăèÓуëæ. 392. ˜øãøãƒàÀçæéÙàˆíæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ˆíƒìæăì¬Ñæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ±Àçƒàƒì¬ÑæÉæ ÆÎìæăì¬Ñˆíæ.

21

393. ØÈá¬Ñæ ǬÑøã¬ÑøÅœëæăìƒàæéÁçæ ƒñÃĈíæ ÄÀçæ é„ÇæÇæĈíƒàæéÁçæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãæéÙòŸÄøãæ ˆí¬ÑƒëÀïÃÄÀçƒìˆíæ ƒìæé„ øáæéÁçæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒëæéÙòŸÄøãæ øÖæÄÀåƒàøãƒòŸ. 394. ØÈá¬Ñæ øÅÃéÙòŸ øáæÄæÉæ ˆíƒîøÖøÖƒàæǃà¬ÑÀçƒìæ øäÀçæéÙñÕã¬ÑæÉæ܇Ñæ ƒìæé„ ÄÀçˆíƒñŒÑƒëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ êƒî¬ÑˆíƒìƒàæéÁçæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Àåæăìøáæ ˆí¬ÑæǃìƒàæéÁçæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ êƒîƒàÀôŸ. 395. ûÍÑæéÙëæ܇Ñæ ÜŸéÙìæ Äæ øÅœëƒîƒàˆí¬Ñæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ øá¬Ñæ øÖ¬Ñøãøãæ ƒàÀçæ ÔèøáƒòÚíƒàæÇæÄøãæ ¬ÑæɃîæÇæăìƒàæéÁçæ ÇøãæĈíˆíæ. 396. A øÅÃÄøãøã¬ÑƒëƒàÀçæÄæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæɈíæ ˆíƒìƒò€ã¬Ñæ ÄÀçæÉæ ƒì¬ÑæÇøáÀçƒàæêƒî¬Ñæ ƒìæé„ ÉæÄÀçæǬÑæ ƒàÀçæ Äæ øÅÃÄøãøã¬Ñƒìæ. 397. üÍÑæ ¬ÑÀóƒèÓÑæǃì¬ÑæÉæ ƒìøáæăìæ øáƒàˆíæ Àç¬Ñƒñà é„ÇæǃîƒèÌăìƒàæéÁçæ ƒñÃéÙîøãæÉæ ܸàÀïŒÑæ øáƒàÀåæ Äæ ƒîÀçƒàæêƒî¬Ñæ ÔèÌéÙì¬ÑÀçƒìƒàæÄøãæ ƒìæé„ ÀåæÄøä¬Ñæ ÀåæéÙë¬Ñæ ÀåæéÁç¬ÑƒòŸ. 398. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÄæǃìƒîæÄøãæ øá¬ÑƒàæÜ€áƒìæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ Àç¬Ñƒñà ˆíæÇøáæé„é‰ãæ øÅœîƒàøãæɃàÀçæÜŸ ƒñÃĈíæ ˆí¬ÑÀïŒÑÀçæ ˆíƒìæéÙëƒà¬Ñˆíæ. 399. ØÈá¬Ñæ øãæĈíƒìæ ǬÑÀçƒìƒîƒëƒòŸ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒñÃéÁçæɬуëøÖƒîøãæ ¬ÑÀóæǬуèƒìæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÅÃÄæÉæ ¬ÑÀóƒèÓуëƒà¬ÑÀçæǬÑæ é‰Öæ ˆí¬ÑÀïŒÑƒëæÄøãæ ƒñÃăëˆíæ. 400. “˜Àçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ,” “éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ,” ÄÀçæÉæ “ƒîÀçæɬуëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øáæéÙîˆí¬Ñæ” Äƒë¬Ñæ Ôèƒë¬ÑƒèÌéÛíƒàƒìƒàæéÁçæÄøãæ ÔèøáƒëæĈí¬Ñˆíæ. 401. I ÄÀåæ êƒîƒàƒì¬Ñæ ǬуëƒìæăàÀçæ ƒìøáæăìæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ƒñœàøãøãæ Àç¬Ñ¬ÑæÉæ ƒòŸéÙîƒëæ Çæé„ăìæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ÜŸé„ ÄøÅœëæé„ÄæÉæ. 402. ØÈá¬Ñæ ɬшíøäæ ƒñÃĈíæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ øÅœëæé„ÄæÉæ. 403. A ƒëæăìƒàæé„ ƒàˆíæ Äæ ÇæéÁåƒèÌăëƒàˆíæéÁçæ ƒîˆíƒàÀçæÜŸ ÀçƒîÀåøŌуëˆíæ, øÖæéÙëæ ¬ÑÀóæÄÀåƒèøã¬Ñæ: 10 ƒë¬ÑæÉæ øÅÃÄøãøãˆíæ ƒìæé„ 8 øÅÕãƒî¬Ñæ øÅÃÄøãøãˆíæ éÙëæ 10:8. 404. ߃ëæ. PéÙìƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìæăîæÜ€áƒìæ ăìæ Äæ ƒëæăì¬Ñæ é‰Öæ ˆíƒàÀóæ Àç¬Ñƒñà ƒñÃéÙëæɈíæ ÔèÓуëæ ÉæăòŸ. 405. §æĈíƒìæ öƒîæܸîˆíƒìæ, I ˆíæăñà Äæ øãæéÁç¬Ñæ ƒìæÄÀóƒàæ ÔèÌăëøä¬ÑæÉæ Àç¬Ñæăëæ Äæ øÅœëæé„ÄæÉæ ˆíƒìƒë¬Ñ¬Ñƒìæ. 406. ØÈá¬Ñƒë¬Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒì¬ÑÀçˆíƒàæéÁçæ ƒàÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÇøãæĈíˆíƒëæé„éÁåæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÖƒàƒë¬Ñæ ÄøãæăëÀåæ ÀåæÄæɬÑæ Äæ øãæéÙîæÉæ ˆíæéÙîÀçæÉæ. 407. öˆíƒàæÄæ ƒàˆíæ Äæ øãæăëæ܇Ñæ ÇæéÁçƒìƒàÀç¬ÑÀçƒìæ. 408. ØÈá¬Ñæ øãƒàƒìƒìøã¬Ñæ øÅÃéÙòŸ ƒñÃĈíæ ÀçæéÙìæ ÇæéÁçˆíæǃàæéÙîˆíæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøáƒë¬Ñ¬Ñæ ÉæăòÚíæ ÄøÖƒì¬Ñƒëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÄæÇæǃàæɬÑÀçƒìæ

22

409. ûÍÑæéÙëæ܇Ñæ ƒñÃĈíæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ¬ÑƒàæÜ€áƒìøáæ ˆíƒìƒîæɬÑÀçƒìæ øÖƒëæéÁåæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øÖƒëæéÁçƒìæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãƒàÀç¬Ñæ. 410. ûÍÑæéÙëæ܇Ñæ ɃàæÉæ Äæ ˆí¬Ñƒëƒà¬Ñˆíæ é‰Öæ ƒì¬ÑÀçæ ˆíæéÁå¬Ñƒëˆíæăîøãƒìˆíæ. 411. öøãƒìøáæéÙîæÜ€áæ ƒñŒÑæ ˆíæéÙîæÜ€áƒìæ øÖæéÙëæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ øãæéÛíƒìæ ÇøáƒàøãæÉæ ƒìøáƒëæéÙîæÜ€áæéÙîƒìæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÀçƒàæÜ€áƒìæ, ƒñŒÑæ ÇæéÙîøãæÉÀçæ’ƒìæ øÖƒàÀçæÉæ øáƒàÀåæ. 412. ØÈá¬Ñæ ÀïÃéÙàæǬÑæ é‰Öæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ÔèÌé‰ãƒàƒìƒàæǃàæÄÀçæ ƒñÃĈíæ ÀïŒÑƒëƒòŸ êƒîƒà¬Ñƒìæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ øá¬Ñæ ƒìæÄøãøä¬ÑæÉæ ƒìæé„ øáƒàˆíæ ¬ÑÀåƒèøãæéÙò‡Ñ¬Ñæ éÁçæ ƒìøá¬Ñæ ƒì¬Ñøã¬ÑƒèøáæéÁç¬Ñæ 413. DéÁçæ’ƒìæ øÖæéÙëæ܇уìæ ƒìæé„ ƒñœëƒàƒì¬Ñæ Àå¬Ñæ ƒñÕá¬ÑÀçæ ƒòŸéÙîæ ܇уìæ ƒìæé„ ƒìøáƒàƒëæÉæ ܸëæÄæɬÑæ.

23

WISE OWL Phonograms Spelling-to-Sound Relationships

Student Study Sheet

Group 1

Group 2 a t s l o d r h e m i n w b er th

Group 3 u f y

c

Group 4 v p ou wh

or g ar ng ow ch

Group 5 ea sh

ay

Group 6 igh k ey ir j ew

augh

ie sh ai oo ck ei wor ould ..ed ough

Group 7 gn ear

x

Group 8 z aw oi ph sion qu

eigh

kn wr tion oa au oy dge ui

Note the words in the sentences use only the letters in the group being taught and the previous groups. Letters are presented on the basis of ascending frequency in written English. The words are largely from a famous (Brown University/Kuchera-Francis) computerized study of word frequency across many grenes of adult literature.

This program is designed to give students the practice necessary to develop automatic cursive word recognition fluency, cursive word writing fluency, and cursive spelling fluency through focused daily practice. It is a powerful aid in helping students develops the visual and motor representations of the Most Often Occurring Words in written English for the purpose of text generation in cursive with good spelling. Gains in automation at so-called lower level skills (written word identification and production) helps make available more attentional capacity for richer text generation and heightened comprehension.

In more technical linguistics terminology symbol-to-sound relationships are called grapheme-to- phoneme relatiionships or correspondences.

24

Concerning the Use of WISE OWL™ Cursive Practice Sentences:

WISE OWL stands for Word Identification Strategies of English: Orthographic Word Logic. The program was originally created to teach bilingual (Spanish speaking) children to read and write English with the Orton/Spalding/Rogers Phonogram System. The word “orthography” in the title is simply another word for spelling patterns. The spelling of English will be seen to be quite logical and easy to learn with this carefully organized system of symbol-to-sound associations and decoding/encoding procedures. For more information on this type of reading program, see Romalda Spalding’s Writing Road to Reading and Mr. Frank Rogers’ TATRAS program (Teaching America to Read and Spell). The Core Vocabulary of 840 words is the same list in the same order of presentation as Mr. Rogers TATRAS Core Vocabulary

An average of 2.034 words from the 840 English WISE OWL High Frequency Words are introduced per sentence.

Mr. Potter first composed the sentences for his Second Grade Bilingual class at the Murry Fly Elementary School in Odessa, TX, during the 2000 - 2001 school year to give his students experience reading the 840 words in the WISE OWL Core Vocabulary in meaningful sentences. A Spanish translation was prepared for each sentence to help the students to master the English vocabulary. The students also signed the sentences with SEE (Signing Exact English). They made spectacular progress in learning English with this method. The students wrote all the English and Spanish sentences in cursive for homework. The sentences are here being repurposed here to teach fluent cursive reading skills to English speaking students who already know how to read English. While the tudents who complete the program will naturally improve their overall reading fluency and comprehension; the cursive practice program is not presented here as a how-to-read program for beginners.

The sentences students to practice reading and writing 840 high frequency words in well formed, easily understood sentences.

Although it has been a decade and a half since I taught the wonderful second-grade bilingual students at Murry Fly Elementary, I would like to acknowledge the help of several of the students in writing the sentences. The students read the English sentences with the Spanish translations to their parents and wrote all the sentences for homework. It is a very difficult task to create 100% decodable sentences. I made sure every WISE OWL Most Often Used Word was included at least once, but that no phonogram was used until it was formally introduced in the phonics lesson. The fact that the all the sounds of each phonogram were used from the start explains how I was able to write normal sounding sentences from the very start. It some of the sentences sound contrived or ineloquent, it is due to the severe constraints imposed due to the limited phonograms available to construct the words at each level. This might be considered an intermediate course in cursive handwriting. It assumes that the students are already able to form the cursive letters properly with a good grip, correct letter formation, and smooth joining strokes. It provides enough practice to develop full automatic. Daily focused practice is absolutely essential to develop fluency while maintaining legibility. As fluency develops students will be able to write whole words and sentences with a brief glance.

Revised by Donald L. Potter 2/9/2001 and 10/28/2002. Name changed to WISE OWL in January 2003. Mr. Potter created the cursive edition on April 6, 2015.

25

STATISTICS

For WISE OWL™

Phonograms, Words, and Sentences

Phonograms Words Total Words Sentences Total Sentences Group 1 8 43 43 20 20

Group

2

8

122

165

71

91

Group

3

6

173

338

91

182

Group

4

8

158

496

60

242

Group

5

9

142

638

77

319

Group

6

10

73

711

33

352

Gruup 7 10 74 785 23 375

Group 8

8

55

840

38

413

WISE OWL™ High Frequency Words in Print Word Count

Prepared by Donald L. Potter, 6/18/2000

Primary Advanced Irregular Total

Group

1

23

19

1

43

Group

2

62

44

16

122

Group

3

74

75

24

173

Group

4

75

64

19

158

Group

5

83

43

16

142

Group

6

47

13

13

73

Group

7

48

16

10

74

Group

8

20

22

13

55

Totals: 432 296 112 840

26

A Study to Determine how Many of the Physically Possible Midline & Belowline Joining Strokes are Represented

in WISE OWL Cursive Practice

by Donald L. Potter, March 7, 2015

Midline Joining Strokes ba (2P, basic), be (2P, beween), bi (3P, big), bo (2P both), bu (3P, but), bl (blue), br (3P, February), bs (7I, substantial), bt (3P, subtract), bc (not found, but this is only used with ABC String: abcd..)

oa (7P, board), oe (2I, does), oi (6I, choir), ou (6I, cough), ow (7P, know), oy (8P, boy), ob (4P, problem), oc (7A, occupation), od (7P, modern), of (3A, off), og (3P, together), oh (2A, oh), oj (not found), ok (4P, took), ol (5I, soldier), om (2P, mom), on (2P, on), oo (5P, too), op (5P, shop), or (3P, or), os (2P, most), ot (2P, not), ov (4P, over), ox (not found), oz (not found)

wa (2P, wanted), we (2P, we), wi (2P, with), wo (2A, women), wh (4P, when), wr (7P, wrong), ws (not found), wn (7P, known)

va (7P, vault), ve (4P, over), vi (4P, having), vo (8A, voice), vu (not found), vy (not found),

Below Line Joining Strokes

ja (not found, Ja:January), je (not found), ji (not found), ju (6P, just), qu (8P, quit)

ga (3P, began), ge (3P, get), gi (3I, region), go (3P, go), gu (3A, guide), gl (5A, English), gr (6A, graduate), gs (not found), gg (3A, egg), gh (5P, might),

ya (8A, royal), yi (not found), ye (3P, yet), yo (4A, young), yu (not found), ys (5P, always), yl (3P, cylinder), yr (not found),

za (not found), zi (7A, prize), zo (7P, zoo), zu (not found), zy (7P, lazy), zz (not found) Code: 1P =

Code: Group 1 Primary = 1P, Group 1 Advanced = 1A, Group 1 Irregular = 1I. Joining strokes not represented in WISE OWL Core Word List: bc, ox (box, Sent. 378), oz, vu, vy, ja, je, ji, gs (eggs, Sent. 138), yi (playing), yu, yr, za, zu, zz. Uppercase: A (1-1), B (3-138), C (3-113), D (2-30), E (3 158), F (3-105), G (3-140), H (2-37), I (1-2), J (6-324), K (5-276), L (1-3), M (2-26), N (2-33), O (2-43), P (4-211), Q (not found), R (5-314), S (1-18), T (1-12), U (3-108), U (3-110), W (2-14), X (not found), Y (7-371), Z (not found)

27

WISE OWL 840 Core Words

Group 1 Phonograms: a t s l e m i n

Group 1 Primary Words sat at last salt Al as see set let me seems am mama is it I its sit seen an man men in

Group 1 Advanced Words a all tall tell state less ate same small time little still miss ill sense name mine line Lisa

Group 1 Irregular Words listen

Group 2 Phonograms: o d b r er w h th

Group 2 Primary Words to on not no so into most also almost lot mom and do did old told end need seemed mind land dad street red ran deer he his had him has hand held we between west wanted be went best behind basis bed bee her water later interest members modern sister the that with this them than then both three rather bath

Group 2 Advanced Words moment total million alone lone made side idea area rate address ride here home oh was will well want woman women able table ball Bible bare were don’t better didn’t matter it’s I’m terrible terminate there other these those another mother months that’s brother

Group 2 Irregular Words Mr. one two Mrs. been none some does done limb island answer honest ballet solemn handsome

Lesson 3 Phonograms: u f y or c g

Group 3 Primary Words but must under us united number until thus result students run sum if after himself left find felt itself feet free feel father fast fun self by only my yet system family body study twenty yes lady fly baby mystery February can fact city act society cost center music cut cents cry December October cylinder subtract for or order form north nor get go got big God began together longer dog danger grand emergency

28

Group 3 Advanced Words used human true minutes union blue due issue unusual from life off different federal full wife front fire military usually finally ninety come since came American called second face case become science local across office became economic close community common control necessary effect class secretary scene balance twice nice accident license bicycle ambulance more before history force therefore theory error general college ago age single gone George guide signal guy language guilty guest egg guidance

Group 3 Irregular Words cycle thumb hymns column region muscle fasten clothes business hydrogen of any buy many once half busy often style climb Lincoln neutral colonel Georgia

Lesson 4 Phonograms: v p ar ng ou ow wh ch

Group 4 Primary Words over even ever very never every university November up problem upon public put program present per open help perhaps past stop policy plan top spirit pull parents April September piano deposit out our your found four south court sound ground when what why whether part war far car party art hard started thing long being having morning strong living how now down own power following town bow2 which such much children child watch March character

Group 4 Advanced Words have give government several service above sugar five gave themselves love level evidence moved vehicle divide twelve place president possible important development company period probably political provide process personal private police complete support apparently typical personnel multiply department house about country boulder where while white are around large course various warm guard guitar nothing young among along toward tomorrow change Christian technical machine parachute

Group 4 Irregular Words you who type whom tour group whose hour doubt youth Louis people whole Psalms coupon Apostle council building psychology

Group 5 Phonograms: ea ie sh igh ur ay ai oo k ck

Group 5 Primary Words years each great head clear least mean death already real near read2 east teacher health lead2 sea eat bear dear bread ear wear weather she show short shop push shout may day way say always today play might right high night light think kind week keep making kept dark bank weak break thank kid field tried series applied die duringchurch further return Saturday Thursday fury train air wait rail too good school took look room stood soon book wood back black lack

Group 5 Advanced Words really says said reason leave peace increase league shall Washington English shoulder away Sunday Monday Friday like make take skills breakfast brake achieve believe married measure turned sure figure surface pressure surprise security pure treasure pleasure mountain hurry cure against again certain available

Group 5 Irregular Words door talk heart floor blood ocean flood friend bureau Tuesday soldier straight European Wednesday lieutenant distinguished

29

Group 6 Phonograms: ey ei ir j ew augh ough wor ould ed

Group 6 Primary Words they key first girl third just major job July January new drew threw crew through thought though enough although brought throughout caught daughter ought rough bought sought taught fought tough dough slaughter haughty naughty their either vein work world word worth would could should asked looked jumped

Group 6 Advanced Words money iron irregular irritate scheduled John June view receive procedures graduate gradually individual

Group 6 Irregular Words few sew eyes laugh choir cough bough beyond walked receipt borough drought attorney

Group 7 Phonograms: gn kn wr ear x z tion oa aw au

Group 7 Primary Words design sign campaign early learn heard research earth next six tax expected except taxi lazy zoo saw law crawl know knew known knee knot wrong wrap wreck wrist wrench action information position section condition constitution fraction board road coat goal loan float August caution century situation haul vault

Group 7 Advanced Words assign example experience prize write wrote national education attention occupation because actual structure picture future irrigation

Group 7 Irregular Words ratio broad lawyer foreign initial patient essential potential residential substantial

Group 8 Phonograms: oy oi ph sion qu eigh dge ui ..ci..

Group 8 Primary Words going point oil poison coin photo sufficient freight eighty weight boy toy quit quiz suit fruit judge budget bridge edge

Group 8 Advanced Words voice physical telephone phrase elephant orphan occasion decision mission tension vision social special politician employee royal loyal quite required quiet juice bruise

Group 8 Irregular Words unique abroad liquor height eighth question Illinois knowledge technique Asia conscious conscience Russia