Current and future challenges of the poultry vaccine industry€¦ · Current and future challenges of the poultry vaccine industry WVPA (India) Conference Advances in Poultry Science

Current and future Current and future Current and future Current and future challenges of the challenges of the challenges of the challenges of the

poultry vaccine industrypoultry vaccine industrypoultry vaccine industrypoultry vaccine industry

WVPA (India) ConferenceAdvances in Poultry Science for One Health

28th February 2020, Bangalore – India

Marcelo PANIAGOCeva Animal Health Asia

Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

One-fifth of livestock around

the world is lost to diseasesPopulation growth

7 billion

2011

~9 billion

2050

Increase the production by

improving productivity

Evolution of poultry Evolution of poultry Evolution of poultry Evolution of poultry industryindustryindustryindustry



Very large farmsVery large farmsVery large farmsVery large farms

Thailand

Concentration of farms in the same areaConcentration of farms in the same areaConcentration of farms in the same areaConcentration of farms in the same area

Mexico


Delmarva peninsula - USA15 km 14 km


3 km

Indonesia

5 km

Global distribution on poultry productionGlobal distribution on poultry productionGlobal distribution on poultry productionGlobal distribution on poultry production

Source: http://www.fao.org/livestock-systems/en/

Spread of diseasesSpread of diseasesSpread of diseasesSpread of diseases

Illustrative figure

• Farm to farm

• Region to region

• Country to country

Other challengesOther challengesOther challengesOther challenges



Challenges of the poultry industryChallenges of the poultry industryChallenges of the poultry industryChallenges of the poultry industry

Labor scarcity

Reduce the use of antimicrobial drugs

Animal welfare

Modern poultry

industry favors the

spread of diseases ?

“Quick“Quick“Quick“Quick and not always right” and not always right” and not always right” and not always right” conclusion …conclusion …conclusion …conclusion …

Less

antibiotics ?

Welfare ?

Labor ?Safer and more

effective vaccines !



Novel vaccine Novel vaccine Novel vaccine Novel vaccine technologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologies

The The The The idealidealidealideal vaccinevaccinevaccinevaccine

Safe

Applied in the hatcheries through in-ovo or SQ routes

Able overcome passive immunity

Induce broad spectrum of protection

Induce long-lasting immunity

DIVA’ble

Compatible with other vaccines

Cost-effective

Novel vaccine technologiesNovel vaccine technologiesNovel vaccine technologiesNovel vaccine technologies

Immune complex vaccine

Vector vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse-genetic vaccines

Virus-like particles vaccines



Vector vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines




Immune complex vaccinesImmune complex vaccinesImmune complex vaccinesImmune complex vaccines

IBDV

Production in

Embryonated

SPF eggs

Virus suspension

VP2

IBDV vaccine

strain

Specific antibodies VPI

(Virus Protecting Factor)+

Production in

SPF chickens

Antiserum

Immune complex vaccinesImmune complex vaccinesImmune complex vaccinesImmune complex vaccines

Advantages

• No interference with

MDAIBDV

• Administration in the

hatcheries

• Specific formulations for

broilers and layers

• Compatible with vector

vaccines

Shortcomings

• Technology seems to be

suitable only for Gumboro

Disease vaccines



Vector vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines




Vector vaccinesVector vaccinesVector vaccinesVector vaccines

Vector HVT-NDV

vaccine

Vector HVT-NDV-IBDV

vaccine

Vector HVTVector HVTVector HVTVector HVT----based vaccinesbased vaccinesbased vaccinesbased vaccines

Advantages

• Evades maternally derived

antibodies

• Administration in the

hatcheries

• Long-lasting immunity

• Suitable for developing

vaccines against several diseases

Shortcomings

• Onset of immunity depends on

the replication of the HVT

• It requires liquid nitrogen

• Not compatible with other

vector HVT vaccines



Vector vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines




SubSubSubSub----unit vaccinesunit vaccinesunit vaccinesunit vaccines

VP2 gene

VP2

IBDV = Donor

Bacteria or yeast


VP2 gene

VP2

IBDV = Donor

Bacteria or yeast Inactivated vaccines


Advantages

• Possibility to increase the

antigenic mass in the

vaccines (higher titers)

• “Animal welfare friendly”

production

• Reduced cost of production

Shortcomings

• It needs adjuvants (tissue

reactions)

• Individual injection (labor

demanding)

• Interference with MDA in

case of early administration



Vector vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines




GeneGeneGeneGene----deleted vaccinesdeleted vaccinesdeleted vaccinesdeleted vaccines

One or more “non essential” genes related to the pathogenicity of

the microorganisms are eliminated. However, those genes related

to growth and immunogenicity are preserved.

GeneGeneGeneGene----deleted vaccinesdeleted vaccinesdeleted vaccinesdeleted vaccines

Advantages

• Possible application in the

hatcheries

• Do not elicit humoral antibody response

• Allows DIVA strategy

Shortcomings

• Possibility to revert to

virulence?

• Limited duration of immunity

• Affected by anti-infectivecompounds



Vector vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines




Reverse genetic technologyReverse genetic technologyReverse genetic technologyReverse genetic technology

Source: Zoetis (Fort Dodge) leaflet

Reverse genetic technologyReverse genetic technologyReverse genetic technologyReverse genetic technology

Advantages

• Improve yield in SPF (or

clean) eggs during the

production of vaccines

• Vaccines closer to field virus.

• Quick response to any

changes in the prevalence of

field virus

Shortcomings


case of early administration.

• Tissue reactions after

injection

• Individual administration is

time consuming and manpower

demanding



Vector vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines




VirusVirusVirusVirus----like particles (VLP)like particles (VLP)like particles (VLP)like particles (VLP)

VLP’s are formed by structural viral proteins which have an inherent property for self-assembly and mimic the morphology of the pathogen.



Advantages

• Vaccines closer to field virus

• Very quick response to any

changes in the prevalence of

field virus

• Several antigens in the

same vaccine (possible)

Shortcomings

• Cost of vaccine production


case of early administration

• Individual injection (labor

demanding)



Final considerationsFinal considerationsFinal considerationsFinal considerations

What is the best technology ?What is the best technology ?What is the best technology ?What is the best technology ?

What is the best

technology to produce

poultry vaccines ?

Are new technology

vaccines always better

than conventional ones?

Food for thoughtsFood for thoughtsFood for thoughtsFood for thoughts

There is no technology that is “better” than others;



There are technologies that are more suitable for certain

diseases, field conditions, type of birds etc;





Some vaccine technologies can be associated to improve

convenience and broaden the protection;


New vaccines need to address the poultry industry’s

requirements: hatchery application, long-lasting immunity,

DIVA’ble, broad protection etc




Some vaccine technologies can be associated to improve

convenience and broaden the protection;

Thank you very much Thank you very much Thank you very much Thank you very much for your kind attentionfor your kind attentionfor your kind attentionfor your kind attention

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Documents

Current and future challenges of the poultry vaccine industry€¦ · Current and future challenges of the poultry vaccine industry WVPA (India) Conference Advances in Poultry Science