DCE14095 ECSAC

EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SCIENCE ARTS AND

CULTURE (ECSAC) OF LOŠINJ

WORKSHOP ON STATUS AND FUTURE OF

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

IN THE PERI-ADRIATIC AREA

VELI LOŠINJ CROATIA

25-27 AUGUST 2014

Miklos ANTICS & Pierre UNGEMACH m.antics@geoproduction.fr

GPC INSTRUMENTATION PROCESS (GPC IP) PN2 BUSINESS PARK BAT 4A

165 RUE DE LA BELLE ETOILE – BP55030 95946 ROISSY CDG – France Phone: +33 (0)1 48 63 08 08 Fax: +33 (0)1 48 63 08 89

Mobile: +33 (0)6 28 62 29 17

GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR

CHARACTERISATION AND MANAGEMENT

DCE14095 ECSAC

OUTLOOK

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING

EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS

STRUCTURAL GEOMODELLING

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT

RESERVOIR SIMULATION

SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR/ RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

2

OUTLINE

DCE14095 ECSAC 3

OUTLOOK PURE WATER PHASE DIAGRAM

DCE14095 ECSAC 4

OUTLOOK PRESSURE-ENTHALPY (MOLLIER)

DIAGRAM FOR PURE WATER

A: maximum enthalpy (2803 kJ/kg, 240 °C, 33.47 bar) C: critical point (374.1 °C, 224 . 91 bar)

DCE14095 ECSAC 5

GEOTHERMAL CONTINUUM – THE

EGS ISSUE

DCE14095 ECSAC 6

OUTLOOK GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE &

RESERVE ASSESSMENTS

DCE14095 ECSAC 7

OUTLOOK

FROM EXPLORATION

TO PRODUCTION

A RESERVOIR

ENGINEERING CHAIN

Surface/Subsurface

Exploration (Geology,

geophysics,

geochemistry)

Well Drilling/

Completion

Development

DrillingExploration

Drilling

Lithology

Structure

Geochemistry

Well Tests

Tracer Tests

Well

Performance

Assessment

Early

Reservoir

Assessment

Conceptual

Modelling

Material

Balance

Reservoir

Simulation

Resource/

Reservoir

Assessment

Reservoir

Production

Management

Heat

Extraction

Power

Generation

CHP/ORC

Direct Uses

Shallow

Heat Pumps

EGSWater

Injection

Makeup

Wells

DCE14095 ECSAC 8

RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

DCE14095 ECSAC 9

CONCEPTUAL MODEL VOLCANO-TECTONIC ENVIRONMENT

INDONESIAN SUBDUCTION

Caldera setting

Fumaroles and faults intersections

Dual reservoir evidence

DCE14095 ECSAC Hytrothermal conceptual model

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING EXPLORATION/DEVELOPMENT STATUS

NISYROS(DODECANESE)

Well temperature profiles Exploratory well summary sheet •Total well deliverability=4MWe

Well Name N-1 N-2Year completed 1982 1983

Total depth (m) 1,816 1,547

Productive interval (s) (m)360-695

1,420-1,8161,000-1,547

BHT (°C) 350 350

WHT (°C) n.a. 178

WHP (bars) n.a. 7.6

Total flow (t/h) 13(*)

69

Steam water ration 0.8(*) 0.5

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) 2,350(*) 1,520

Non condensable gascontent (% wt) n.a. 5

TDS (ppm) 150,000(*)

60,000(*) superficial reservoir

Exploratory well summary sheet

•Total well deliverability=4MWe

10

DCE14095 ECSAC

Carbonate

11

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING TWO CONTRASTED SEDIMENTARY

ENVIRONMENTS

Clastic

West Netherland Basin

Rijswijk sandstones

(Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO)

Paris Basin

Dogger limestones

(modified from Ph Maget , 1983)

DCE14095 ECSAC 12

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING CONTINENTAL RIFT ACTIVE TECTONICS

UPPER RHINE GRABEN

Source: CGA institute

Deep Drilling locations

Source: Thomas KOHL, 2014

DCE14095 ECSAC

EXPLORATION/DEVELOPMENT STATUS MILOS (CYCLADES)

SW-NE cross section of Milos geothermics

Well name MZ1 MA1 MI-1 MI-2 MI-3Year completed 1975 1976 1981 1981 1982

Total depth (m) 1100 1165 1100 1380 1000

Productive interval (m) 810-1100 750-1165 900-1100 940-1380 900-1000

BHT (°C) 300 250 323 282 300

BHP (MPa) n.a. n.a. 11.7 11.9 n.a.

WHP (MPa) 0.6 0.74 1.2 1.2 n.a.

Total flow (t/h) 22 51 120 50 125

Steam / water ratio (1 MPa) 0.64 0.22 0.35 0.71 0.42

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) 2010 1170 1460 2200 1600

TDS (ppm) 100,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 130,000

Milos exploratory/step out well summary sheetMilos exploratory/step out well summary sheet

13

DCE14095 ECSAC 14

EXPLORATION SOUTHERN GERMANY MOLASSE BASIN.

MALM RESERVOIR. SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES

Upper Jurassic morphology from 3D seismic survey

Fault graben structure evidenced by migrated depthsection

Migrated seismic depth section

Source: H. Von Hartmann et al, 2012

DCE14095 ECSAC 15

EXPLORATION SOUTHERN GERMANY MOLASSE BASIN

SEISMIC (RE)PROCESSING

MALM Reef facies

Reprocessed 2D seismic line location of wells GT1 & GT2

Zero offset and reprocessed 2D line match

VSP (raw, processed) on well GT1 (Geophone depth # 2000-2500 m) offset

(#4000 m)

DCE14095 ECSAC 16

EXPLORATION PANNONIAN BASIN

COMBINED WELL GEOLOGY/SEISMIC (2D

PROFILES, VSP)/MT PROCESSING

Re-interpreted seismic section

Geological cross section and

AMT/MT inversion data

Source: Tulinius et al, 2010

DCE14095 ECSAC 17

3D STRUCTURAL MODELLING PERMO TRIASTIC RESERVOIR

DCE14095 ECSAC 18

3D STRUCTURAL GEOMODELLING

3D REGIONAL

GEOLOGICAL MODEL

SOUTHERN

NETHERLAND CLASTICS

Borehole data:logs and lithostratigraphic columns

Seismic data

Interpolated data extracted from existing databases and geological atlases

Source: TNO

DCE14095 ECSAC

MOLASSE BASIN. MALM RESERVOIR

3D SEISMIC PROCESSING. RESERVOIR

TARGETING

19

Source: Knapek, D-GEO-DAYS, PARIS 2014

DCE14095 ECSAC 20

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT WELL TARGETING

FAULT BLOCK STRUCTUAL SETTING

Source: Dernières Nouvelles

d’Alsace (DNA, 2013) adapted

from FONROCHE interview

DCE14095 ECSAC 21

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT WELL TARGETING

MULTI HORIZON CONCEPT

Source: BESTEC

DCE14095 ECSAC 22

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT MULTILAYERED RESERVOIR

TENTATIVE FACIES CORRELATIONS

Source: Rojas et al

DCE14095 ECSAC 23

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT LAYERING IMPACT. CANDIDATE

RESERVOIR STRUCTURES

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

5

5

BR BR

3. Five layeredreservoir

4. Sandwichreservoir

2. Injection well1. Production well

%FLOW %FLOW100 100

34.5%

10%

30.5%

18%

5%

40%

15%

23.5%

4%

4%

13.5%

DE

PT

H

DE

PT

H

CR CR

BR

5. Single layerequivalent

CR

RESERVOIR

IMPERVIOUS LAYER

CR CAPROCK

BR BEDROCK

Flowmeter logging

DCE14095 ECSAC 24

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT LAYERING IMPACT. CANDIDATE RESERVOIR

STRUCTURES. PRODUCTION WELL COOLING KINETICS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Time, years

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Te

mp

era

ture

de

ple

tio

n,°

C

Single layer equivalent reservoir

2D Reservoir

Three layered model. Reservoir 1 (top)

Three layered model. Reservoir 2 (int.)

Three layered model. Reservoir 3 (bot)

Sandwich Model. Top reservoir

Sandwich Model. Bottom reservoir

DCE14095 ECSAC 25

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT STRUCTURAL GEOMODELLING

GOCAD 3D VIEW OF THE SANDWICH

RESERVOIR EQUIVALENCE

DCE14095 ECSAC 26

RESERVOIR

SIMULATION

MODELLING/

SIMULATION

CHAIN

DCE14095 ECSAC 27

RESERVOIR

SIMULATION

NATURAL STATE

MODELLING

FLOWCHART

Source: Sanyal, 2002

DCE14095 ECSAC 28

RESERVOIR

SIMULATION

SIMULATION

INPUT DATA

GROUP

Source: Pruess, 2002

DCE14095 ECSAC 29

RESERVOIR SIMULATION

Couches imperméables

T = 30 Dm

T = 40 Dm

T = 50 Dm

T = 60 Dm

T = 70 Dm

T = 30 Dm

T = 40 Dm

T = 50 Dm

T = 60 Dm

T = 70 Dm

Computed pressure/temperature

field (refined grid)

Horizontal Gridding Transmissivity distribution

3D Transmissivity pattern

DCE14095 ECSAC 30

RESERVOIR SIMULATION SUSTAINEBLE MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS

Pressure and temperature field Year 2045

Wells (450 m3/hr)

Interferences with neighbouring doublets

DCE14095 ECSAC

Well output curve

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 5 10 15 20

WHP, bar

Qt,

kg

/s

31

Well delivery curve

Well power output

Formation temperature: 250°C

Cold source (condenser) temperature: 50°C

Condenser pressure: 0,120 bar

Separator pressure (single stage flash): 10 bar

Separator temp. (single stage flash): 180°C

Mass flowrate @ 10 bar: 110 kg/s

Power output @ 10 bar turbine inlet: #10MWe

Full success: 10 MWe

Total failure: 5 MWe

RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT RISK ANALYSIS

THE HIGH ENTHALPY CASE MINING RISK ASSESSMENT. GEOPOWER

DCE14095 ECSAC

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

Flo

wra

te (m

3/h

r)

Wellhead Temperature (°C)

45 MWth

TOTAL FAILURE

FULL SUCCESS

32

MINING RISK SUCCESS VS

FAILURE CRITERIA

(CHP PROJECT)

RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT

RISK ANALYSIS

THE MEDIUM ENTHALPY CASE

DCE14095 ECSAC 33

RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT RISK TREE OF A TYPICAL GDH SYSTEM

DCE14095 ECSAC

The Geysers field

SUSTAINABILITY WATER INJECTION

Effect of SEGEP Injection on SE

Geysers [Calpine and NCPA].

Cumulative Production and

Injection

(Division of Oil, Gas, and

Geothermal Resources)

34

DCE14095 ECSAC

SUSTAINABILITY GDH DOUBLET/TRIPLET COMPATIBILITIES

PARIS SOUTH EXISTING AND PROJECTED GDH STATUS

3 abandoned doublets

14 serviced doublets

6 new doublets

3 triplet rehabilitated doublets

Source : BRGM 35

DCE14095 ECSAC 36

SUSTAINABILITY

MULTI-DOUBLET EXPLOITATION (1984-2035)

PARIS SOUTH. YEAR 2035

Source : Maria PAPACHRISTOU

DCE14095 ECSAC 37

HYDRO/THERMO/GEOCHANICAL

MODELLING EGS ENVIRONMENTS PROCESSES INVOLVED

Source: Kohl, 2007

DCE14095 ECSAC Source: Baria et al, 2007 38

INDUCED SEISMICITY POST FRACTURING MAPPED EVENTS Field Monitored

DCE14095 ECSAC 39

EGS

INDUCED SEISMICITY COMPUTED POST FRACTURING SEISMIC EVENTS

Source: Kohl, 2007

Computer Generated

DCE14095 ECSAC

EGS undertakings hosted in seismically active tectonic environments

A fatal issue during the build-up of any EGS reservoir

A major contributor to fracture mapping and stimulated bulk-rock volume estimates

A sensitive social acceptance issue: triggering of M=2.9 (Soultz) and 3.4 (Basel) seismic events leading to pressure mitigation (Soultz), flowrate limitations (Landau) and project abandonment (Basel)

Requirements

Remote well sites

Thorough microseismic monitoring protocols

Soft rock stimulation procedures

Low injection pressures (multipath well trajectories)

Interactive communication with the public

40

INDUCED SEISMICITY

DCE14095 ECSAC 41

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: RENEWABLE-SUSTAINABLE-PROVEN-ACHIEVABLE-REALISTIC

THANK YOU! MERCI!

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