DCE14092 ECSAC

EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SCIENCE ARTS AND

CULTURE (ECSAC) OF LOŠINJ

WORKSHOP ON STATUS AND FUTURE OF

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

IN THE PERI-ADRIATIC AREA

VELI LOŠINJ CROATIA

25-27 AUGUST 2014

Pierre UNGEMACH pierre.ungemach@geoproduction.fr

GPC INSTRUMENTATION PROCESS (GPC IP) PN2 BUSINESS PARK BAT 4A

165 RUE DE LA BELLE ETOILE – BP55030 95946 ROISSY CDG – France Phone: +33 (0)1 48 63 08 08 Fax: +33 (0)1 48 63 08 89

Mobile: +33 (0)6 28 62 29 17

RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS

IN GEOTHERMAL TECHNOLOGY

DCE14092 ECSAC

OUTLOOK

KEY ISSUES

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT

WELL TARGETING

WELL ARCHITECTURE

SOLUTION GASES

INJECTIVITY

THERMOCHEMISTRY

HIGH TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT

SUSTAINABILITY

2

OUTLINE

DCE14092 ECSAC 3

SIMPLIFIED GEOTHERMAL UTILISATION DIAGRAM

RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION

GEOPOWER

GEOHEAT

DIRECT USESTH

ERMAL USES/PROCESSES (*

)

ELE

CTRICITY GENER

ATIO

N

10 - 15 °C 100 - 110 °C

(*) heat pump alone < 30 °Ccombined heat pump/heat exchange > 30 °C

heat exchange alone > 50°C

Critical Pointfor pure water(@ 22,12 kPa)

Maximumsaturated

steam enthalpy(@ 3,48 kPa)Direct SteamExpansion

Dual Flash Condensing

Total Flow (Two phase expansion)

Single Flash (Condensing, Back-pressure)

Bin

ary

(OR

C, K

alina)

Fre

ezin

g

(Ab

so

rptio

n)

Agro In

dust

rial U

ses

Pro

cess H

eat

Distri

ct

Hea

ting/c

oo

lin

g

Space/Green house heating

Fish

farming/Aquaculture

Baln

eolo

gy/Medicinal

Gro

un

d S

ou

rce Heat Pump

30°C

40°C

50°C

60°C

70°C

80°C

90°C

200°C

150°C

250°C

374°C

240°C

CONVERSION CYCLE

300°C

350°C

OUTLOOK

DCE14092 ECSAC 4

GEOTHERMAL CONTINUUM

OUTLOOK

DCE14092 ECSAC

HighlandMassif

CornwallMassif

ArmoricanMassif

CentralMassif

RhodopeMassif

LausitzMassif

BohemianMassif

Netherland Basin

Pannonian Basin

Po Basin

Thracian Basin

Aegean Basin

Aegean Arc

Eolian Arc

Pantelleria Rift

Campidano Rift

Rh

one-

Bre

sse

Rif

t

Rhin

e Ri

ft

CaltanisettaForedeep

ThessalonikiBasin

Tyrrhenian Basin

Tuscan-Laziomagmato-tectonic

province

SardiniaMassif

CorsicaMassif

IbericMesetaMassif

AlgerianProvenzal

Basin

Rhone Basin

Alboran Basin

Tajo Basin

Quadalquivir Foredeep

Ebro Foredeep

Alpine Foredeep Carpathian

Foredeep

PyreneanForedeep Transylvanian

Basin

Danish Basin

W. Yorkshire Basin

Hampshire Basin

SwedenNorwayMassif

EUROPEAN GEODYNAMIC SETTINGS

(after C. Sommaruga)

Volcano-magmatic

Back-arc marginal basin

Crystalline massif

Foredeep basin

Intracratonic basin

Active pull-apart/horst-graben structures

Active subduction zones

Orogenic belt

Volcanic island arc

5

EUROPEAN GEODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS

OUTLOOK

DCE14092 ECSAC

SURFACE

SYSTEMSEND USERS

H&C

HEAT

CHP

POWER

PRODUCTION

GEOTHERMAL

RESERVOIRS

UNCONVENTIONAL

EGS

CONVETIONAL

HYDROTHERMAL

DRILLING

EXPLORATION

WELL COMPLETION

INJECTION

6

GEOTHERMAL H&C AND POWER PRODUCTION

A SYSTEM OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

DCE14092 ECSAC

OUTLOOK GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION POTENTIAL

A TENTATIVE ASSESSMENT

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Available geothermal resources

Te

mp

era

ture

,°C

SC=supercritical

CS=conventional steam

ORC=Organic Rankine Cycle

AORC=Advanced Organic Rankine Cycle

LE=Low Enthalpy

DCE14092 ECSAC 8

KEY ISSUES

GEOPOWER

DCE14092 ECSAC

3,500

30,000

420

38,000

900

10,000

4205,800

140

14,000

3,200

42,000

440

9,000

9

KEY ISSUES WORLDWIDE GEOPOWER

HYDROTHERMAL POTENTIAL

SOURCE: GLITNIR

DCE14092 ECSAC

KEY ISSUES DEVELOPMENT OF GEOPOWER SOURCES

PRESENT (2012) AND PROJECTED (2030) STATUS

Source: EGEC (Bertani), WORLD BANK

DCE14092 ECSAC 11

KEY ISSUES

GEOHEAT

DCE14092 ECSAC 12

A. WORLDWIDE

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

0

100

200

300

INS

TA

LL

ED

CA

PA

CIT

Y(G

Wt)

0

100

200

300

400

HE

AT

PR

OD

UC

TIO

N(T

Wh/Y

R)

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

0

50

100

150

200

250

INS

TA

LL

ED

CA

PA

CIT

Y(M

Wt)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

AN

NU

AL H

EA

T P

RO

DU

CT

ION

(TJ/Y

R

B. EU 27

Source: EGEC, IGA

KEY ISSUES GEOHEAT

PAST, PRESENT AND PROJECTED STATUS

DCE14092 ECSAC

MAXIMISING THE RESOURCE

MINIMISING THE RISKS

OPTIMISING HEAT EXTRACTION

REDUCING COSTS

MATCHING H&C DEMAND

LAST BUT NOT LEAST ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT

13

KEY ISSUES

R&D TARGETS

INCREASE GEOTHERMAL SHARE BY

DCE14092 ECSAC

3D REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL MODEL

14

Borehole data: logs and lithostratigraphic columns

Seismic data

Interpolated data extracted from existing databases and geological atlases

DCE14092 ECSAC

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT EFFECTIVE THICKNESS (NET PAY)

FLOWMETER LOG OF RESERVOIR SECTION

Top (cap rock)

Bottom (bedrock)

Productive layers

15

DCE14092 ECSAC

RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT GOCAD 3D VIEW OF THE SANDWICH

MULTILAYERED RESERVOIR STRUCTURE

16

DCE14038

DCE14092 ECSAC 17

WELL TARGETING

Source: HERRENKNECHT Source : BAUER

NOVEL COMPACT

HYDRAULIC RIG DESIGN

NEW GENERATION OF HYDRAULIC

HEAVY DUTY RIG

DCE14092 ECSAC

MOLASSE BASIN, MALM RESERVOIR

TYPICAL WELL TRAJECTORIES

18

Source: Erdwerk 2014 D-GEO-DAYS PARIS

DCE14092 ECSAC

TYPICAL GDH SCHEME

19

DCE14092 ECSAC 20

WELL ARCHITECTURE CLASTIC RESERVOIR

DCE14092 ECSAC

(SUB)HORIZONTAL WELL DESIGNS CANDIDATE WELL TRAJECTORIES

MULTILAYERED RESERVOIR CONVENTIONAL (VERTICAL, DEVIATED)

AND SUGGESTED [(SUB)HORIZONTAL] WELL TRAJECTORIES

21

DCE14092 ECSAC 22

SUBHORIZONTAL WELL TRAJECTORIES

AND CONVENTIONAL FALL BACK OPTION

DCE14092 ECSAC 23

SUBHORIZONTAL WELL TRAJECTORIES

AND CONVENTIONAL FALL BACK OPTION

DUAL KICK-OFF

DCE14092 ECSAC 24

UPGRADING WELL PERFORMANCE 3D MULTIPLE WELL PATHS

DCE14092 ECSAC

DUAL COMPLETIONS

GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING &

COOLING (GDHC)

AQUIFER SYSTEM GDHC DOUBLET COMPLETION

MEDIUM DEPTH SEATED RESERVOIRS

25

DCE14092 ECSAC 26

ANTI-CORROSION WELL COMPLETION

DCE14092 ECSAC

SOLUTION GASES

GAS ABATEMENT LINE

27

DCE14092 ECSAC

Permeability impairment

WATER INJECTION MEDIUM AND LOW ENTHALPY RESERVOIR

ENVIRONMENTS

Permeability impairment induced by particles [European Commission, 1997]

DCE14092 ECSAC

WATER INJECTION PARTICLE INDUCED DAMAGE

325

300

275

250

225

200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

PR

ES

SU

RE

(k

g/c

m)

2

INJECTION DURATION (hours)

WELL1 (flow rate : 130 m /h)3

WELL2 (flow rate : 120 m /h)3

29

Internal particle invasion

Filter cake build up

DCE14092 ECSAC 30

GEOTHERMAL BRINE PROCESSING (3 PHASE SEPARATION, 2 STAGE

FILTERING, DOWNHOLE CHEMICAL

INHIBITION)

DCE14092 ECSAC 31

PROBLEM AREAS

THERMOCHEMICAL SHORTCOMINGS

CORROSION AND SCALING

DRIVING MECHANISMS OF CASING DAMAGE

AQUEOUS CO2/H2S ENVIRONMENT

Chemical reaction:

CO2 + H2O H2CO3

2H2CO3 2H+ + 2HCO3

-

Fe2+

+ 2HCO3- + 2H

+ 2H

+ + Fe(HCO) 2 soluble

H2S + H2O H+ + HS

- + H2O

Fe Fe2+

+ 2e-

Fe2+

+ HS- FeS + H

+

Corrosion induced and native

2 H+ + 2e

- H2

for pH = 6

H2S + H2O + CO2 + Fe2+

(native)

Na+

Cl-

Ca++Mg++

Fe++

UPWARD FLOWDIRECTION

Iron sulphide particles removed from

casing wall and/or produced by soluble ions

HS-

H+

HCO3-

Steel casing

Fe°

FeS

HS-

FeS2e-

H+

ANODE

CATHODE

Fe++

DCE14092 ECSAC 32

DOWNHOLE CORROSION/SCALING INHIBITION AUXILIARY

INJECTION TUBING (AIT) SET UP

THERMOCHEMISTRY

DCE14092 ECSAC

Acoustic Borehole Imager (ABI) / televiewer (AFIT)

33

HIGH TEMPERATURE OPENHOLE LOGGING

•Tool description & performance

•Borehole televiewer amplitude imaging

•Combined production logging tool

Source: ALT (2013) & Tiger Energy Services (2013)

Source: MC Lean & Mc Namara (2011)

DCE14092 ECSAC 34

Source: Jack Frost (2013)

HIGH TEMPERATURE

PUMPING SERVICES

ENCLOSED

LINESHAFT PUMP

(ELSP)

DCE14092 ECSAC 35

HIGH TEMPERATURE

PUMPING SERVICES SCHLUMBERGER (REDA) ESP HOT LINE 550 SERIES

(@ 220°C)

Online=250°C for Hot Line 3

Objective=300°C (US DOE EGS Programme)

DCE14092 ECSAC 36

INNOVATIVE DOWNHOLE CHEMICAL

INJECTION/OPTICAL FIBER CONTROL LINE

DCE14092 ECSAC

SUSTAINABILITY MOLASSE BASIN

37

DCE14038

DCE14092 ECSAC

SUSTAINABILITY PARIS BASIN

38

DCE14038

DCE14092 ECSAC

SUSTAINABILITY. RESERVOIR LIFE

THERMAL BREAKTHROUGH IS NOT A FICTION.

MODELLED VS ACTUAL THERMAL DECLINE

39

DCE14038

DCE14092 ECSAC 40

SUSTAINABILITY

MINING COMPATIBILITIES

DOUBLET/TRIPLET

CONCESSION FOOT

PRINTS. PARIS BASIN

DCE14092 ECSAC

SUSTAINABILITY MULTI-DOUBLET EXPLOITATION (1984-2035)

PARIS SOUTH. YEAR 2035

Source : Maria PAPACHRISTOU 41 DCE14038

DCE14092 ECSAC

GSHP REMEDIAL TO TEMPERATURE DEPLETION

42

SUSTAINABILITY BALANCED COLD VS HEAT PRODUCTION

Source: Sanner, 2008

DCE14092 ECSAC 43

UNBALANCEND COLD VS. HEAT PRODUCTION EXTENSION OF A HOT PLUME AFTER 17.7 YEARS

DCE14092 ECSAC

The Larderello field

SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINED STEAM PRODUCTION BY

IMPORTED WATER INJECTION

Influence of the reinjection on the steam flow rate of 28 wells in the

Valle Secolo area, Larderello [Capetti,2004]

DCE14092 ECSAC 45

SUN RISES BUT NEVER SETS ON

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

THANK YOU !