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Cultural Considerations in Growing Stone Fruit. Win Cowgill Rutgers Cooperative Extension. 2006 MASS Aggie Seminar. New Jersey Stone Fruit Production. 1999 Tree Fruit Survey Peaches7,656 Acres Nectarines 694 Acres Cherries 65 Acres. New Jersey “the Garden State”. 9 million people - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cultural Considerations in Growing Stone Fruit
Win Cowgill
Rutgers Cooperative Extension
2006 MASS Aggie Seminar
New Jersey Stone Fruit Production
1999 Tree Fruit Survey
• Peaches 7,656 Acres• Nectarines 694 Acres• Cherries 65 Acres
New Jersey“the Garden State”
• 9 million people
• 8,000 farms
• 400 fruit farms
• 7000 A peaches
• 1000 A nectarines
• 2500 A apples
NJ is the Northern Most Commercial Peach Production
State
Most Important Issues
• Flower Bud Hardiness
• Tree Hardiness
• Cytospora Canker
• Peach Borers
• San Jose Scale
Back to Basics
Location-only best orchard sites• Frost Free site-know past weather
history• North Facing-delay bloom• Well drained fertile soils
N
More Basics
Plan two years ahead• Soil Tests• Adjust pH and nutrients• Nematode assays • Add soil organic matter• Control perennial weeds• Order Trees
Type of Tree To Order
•Smaller Caliper•Weak tree•Low Buds
Pay Attention to Proper Establishment
• Correct pH and Correct pH and NutrientsNutrients
• Establish Raised Establish Raised bedsbeds
• Establish sod middles Establish sod middles and herbicide strips and herbicide strips the fall beforethe fall before
Turf Establishment
• Rutgers Fact Sheet FS319 on Orchard Rutgers Fact Sheet FS319 on Orchard Turf Establishment Turf Establishment www.rce.rutgers.edu/pubs/pdfs/fs319.pdf
• Plant in the fall before establishmentPlant in the fall before establishment
• Turf type tall fescue cultivars have Turf type tall fescue cultivars have worked best in NJworked best in NJ
• Prevent Erosion and have IPM benefitsPrevent Erosion and have IPM benefits
Root Distribution
Root DistributionStops at Turf
Weed FreeHerbicide Strip
Soil Preparation
• Subsoil Prior to planting
• Clay Pot Effect From Auger-(fall)
• Break sides before planting
Planting Depth& Lime
• Correct Planting Depth• Leave graft union 2”
above• Two pounds of High
Calcium Lime in backfill
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Melick video-cultivars
Cultivar Selection
• Select only bud hardy cultivars-most California cultivars are not hardy enough
• Bud vs. wood hardiness
• Unique Cultivars white flesh-non melting flesh
Donut Peaches
Donut Peaches
Peentu Types
• Saturn
• Galaxy
• Jupiter
• Numerous NJ Selections
Avoid Winter Injury
• South West Injury
• Peach Borers
• Cytostopora Canker
• Paint trunks whiteExterior White Latex Paint-(turf paint)2 to 1 waterLow acrylic content
Steve Hoying-Canker
QuickTime™ and aDV/DVCPRO - NTSC decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Cytospora Canker
•Most Serious Problem in NJ and the North East•Prune at bud-break in April if possible•Paint Pruning cuts on scaffolds•Use tree paint with benomyl
Peach Planting Systems
Higher Density 10 x 18
Y or V
Central Leader
Standard Northern New Jersey Production System
• Open vase training• 20 X 20 or 25 feet• Dormant and Summer
Pruning• Herbicide Strip• Sod Middles• Trickle or Drip
Maintain tree height at 8 feet
Pencil thick fruiting shoots
Peach Fertility
• Soil and tissue tests• Split applications of nitrogen• 1st app. In a complete fertilizer 3-4 weeks
prior to bud break to supply 1/2 total seasonal N requirement
• 2nd app. at shuck split• If frozen out eliminate 2nd app.• Do not over-apply Nitrogen• Do not apply N After June 1
Peach Thinning
• Large Size is Essential
• Thin Early-consider bloom thinning
• Wiffle bat, toilet brush, fan belt on broom handle
Sweet Cherry
•Dwarfing Rootstocks-Gisela
Concerns-
1. Cracking-rain-covers
2. Birds-netting
3. Bacterial Canker
Sweet CherryGisela Rootstocks
Hartland/G6Heidlefingen/G5
Bacterial Canker
• Bordeaux sprays
• Summer prune only
• Stub prune
• Resistant Cultivars
More information?
Other Web Sites• www.nc140.org• www.RCRE.rutgers.edu• www.umass.edu/fruitadvisor/