CSCOPE 2009 MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY IS
DOMINATED BY THE ANDES MOUNTAINS S AND THE AMAZON BASIN. PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY IS DOMINATED BY THE ANDES MOUNTAINS S AND THE AMAZON
BASIN. POPULATION IS CONCENTRATED ALONG THE PERIPHERY. POPULATION
IS CONCENTRATED ALONG THE PERIPHERY. CULTURAL PLURALISM EXISTS IN
MOST COUNTRIES AND IS EXPRESSED REGIONALLY. CULTURAL PLURALISM
EXISTS IN MOST COUNTRIES AND IS EXPRESSED REGIONALLY. REGIONAL
ECONOMIC INTERACTION HAS BEEN MINIMAL IN THE PAST. REGIONAL
ECONOMIC INTERACTION HAS BEEN MINIMAL IN THE PAST.
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CSCOPE 2009 URBANIZATION THE MOVEMENT TO AND CLUSTERING OF
PEOPLE IN TOWNS AND CITIES THE MOVEMENT TO AND CLUSTERING OF PEOPLE
IN TOWNS AND CITIES 79%- CONTINENT-WIDE IN SOUTH AMERICA 79%-
CONTINENT-WIDE IN SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICAS INCREASE BASED ON
RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE AND INTERNAL MIGRATION SOUTH AMERICAS
INCREASE BASED ON RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE AND INTERNAL MIGRATION
MAJOR CITIES INCLUDE: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Sao Paolo, Brazil
Buenos Aires, Argentina Santiago, Chile
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CSCOPE 2009 Agriculture In South America Fruit &
specialized crops (Mostly in South) Fruit & specialized crops
(Mostly in South) Mixed Livestock/Crops (Mostly in South) Mixed
Livestock/Crops (Mostly in South) Grain Farming (Mostly in South)
Grain Farming (Mostly in South) Subsistence Crops/Livestock
(Throughout) Subsistence Crops/Livestock (Throughout) Mediterranean
Agriculture (Central Chile) Mediterranean Agriculture (Central
Chile) Plantation (Tropical) Ag (Along coastal fringe) Plantation
(Tropical) Ag (Along coastal fringe) Traditional Cultivation (In
Andes Mountains) Traditional Cultivation (In Andes Mountains)
Shifting Cultivation (Amazon Basin) Shifting Cultivation (Amazon
Basin) Livestock Ranching (Primarily Brazil and Argentina)
Livestock Ranching (Primarily Brazil and Argentina) Non-agriculture
areas (Western coast) Non-agriculture areas (Western coast)
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CSCOPE 2009 Natural Resources Natural Resources Venezuelas
Orinoco River area contains 11 percent of the worlds gold. Brazil
is also rich in gold, and Peru is known for its silver deposits.
Chile is the worlds leading exporter of copper. Geographic
inaccessibility, lack of capital, and social and political
divisions hinder fuller development and distribution of natural
resources in Latin America.
CSCOPE 2009 CULTURE SPHERES European-commercial The most
European part of South America The most European part of South
America Includes the Pampas - temperate grasslands Includes the
Pampas - temperate grasslands Economically most advanced
Economically most advanced
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CSCOPE 2009 CULTURE SPHERES Indigenous- Subsistence Farming
Correlates with the former Inca Empire Correlates with the former
Inca Empire Includes some of South Americas poorest areas Includes
some of South Americas poorest areas Subsistence agriculture must
contend with difficult environmental challenges: Mountains,
deserts, rainforest Subsistence agriculture must contend with
difficult environmental challenges: Mountains, deserts,
rainforest
Slide 9
CSCOPE 2009 CULTURE SPHERES Mestizo-transitional Surrounds the
Indigenous- subsistence region Surrounds the Indigenous-
subsistence region A zone of mixture- culturally &
agriculturally A zone of mixture- culturally & agriculturally
Transition zones Transition zones
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CSCOPE 2009 CULTURE SPHERES Undifferentiated Characteristics
are difficult to classify. Characteristics are difficult to
classify. Sparsely populated (deserts and rainforest) Sparsely
populated (deserts and rainforest) Isolation and lack of
development Isolation and lack of development
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CSCOPE 2009 SUB-REGIONS BRAZIL (east) NORTH COLOMBIA VENEZUELA
GUYANA SURINAME FRENCH GUIANA SOUTH ARGENTINA CHILE URUGUAY
PARAGUAY WEST PERU ECUADOR BOLIVIA
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CSCOPE 2009 THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA) VENEZUELA,
COLOMBIA, GUYANA, SURINAME, FRENCH GUIANA VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA,
GUYANA, SURINAME, FRENCH GUIANA REGIONAL CHARACTER: COASTAL
LOCATIONS, EARLY EUROPEAN PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT, FORCED MIGRATION
OF BLACK LABORERS REGIONAL CHARACTER: COASTAL LOCATIONS, EARLY
EUROPEAN PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT, FORCED MIGRATION OF BLACK LABORERS
VENEZUELA 26.1 MILLION PEOPLE VENEZUELA 26.1 MILLION PEOPLE OIL
FROM LAKE MARACAIBO IS CHIEF RESOURCE CARACUS & VALENCIA - KEY
CITIES
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CSCOPE 2009 CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED) COLOMBIA 45.2
MILLION PEOPLE COLOMBIA 45.2 MILLION PEOPLE COFFEE, OIL & COAL
- MAJOR EXPORTS COCAINE - LEADING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TORN BY
INTERNAL VIOLENCE BOGOTA & MEDELLIN - MAJOR CITIES THE GUIANAS
(FRENCH GUIANA, GUYANA, SURINAME) - POPULATIONS< 1.5 MILLION THE
GUIANAS (FRENCH GUIANA, GUYANA, SURINAME) - POPULATIONS< 1.5
MILLION ETHNICALLY DIVERSE POVERTY STRICKEN
Slide 14
CSCOPE 2009 THE WEST (ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA) PERU, ECUADOR,
BOLIVIA REGIONAL CHARACTER: INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, SUBSISTENCE
AGRICULTURE, MOUNTAINOUS ENVIRONMENTS, POVERTY PERU 27.7 MILLION
PEOPLE LIMA IS ITS PRIMATE CITY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES - FISHING,
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE, SUGAR, COTTON, RICE, FRUIT, OIL,
MINERALS
Slide 15
CSCOPE 2009 ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED) ECUADOR - 13.6
MILLION PEOPLE ECUADOR - 13.6 MILLION PEOPLE MAIN EXPORTS: OIL,
COFFEE, CACAO, BANANAS GUAYAQUIL - LARGEST CITY AND COMMERCIAL
CENTER QUITO - CAPITAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER BOLIVIA 9.2
MILLION PEOPLE BOLIVIA 9.2 MILLION PEOPLE LANDLOCKED AND POVERTY
STRICKEN MAIN EXPORTS: TIN AND ZINC
Slide 16
CSCOPE 2009 Ecuador Major settlements in the Andean basins
Major settlements in the Andean basins Oil has begun to be
extracted from the eastern parts of Ecuador in the tropical
lowlands that drain into the Amazon River. Oil has begun to be
extracted from the eastern parts of Ecuador in the tropical
lowlands that drain into the Amazon River.
Slide 17
CSCOPE 2009 Peru Home of the Incas, whose empire extended over
2,000 miles through Andean South America. Home of the Incas, whose
empire extended over 2,000 miles through Andean South America. The
Lost City of the Incas, known now as Machu Picchu, represents a
well-constructed ceremonial center and city that had reached its
peak well before Columbus began his first voyage. The Lost City of
the Incas, known now as Machu Picchu, represents a well-constructed
ceremonial center and city that had reached its peak well before
Columbus began his first voyage. The potato was domesticated in
Peru and moved into active Old World trade after the arrival of the
Europeans. The potato was domesticated in Peru and moved into
active Old World trade after the arrival of the Europeans.
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CSCOPE 2009
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Bolivia South America's poorest country South America's poorest
country Landlocked high in the Andes with its capital, La Paz,
located at 12,000 feet (3,700 m) Landlocked high in the Andes with
its capital, La Paz, located at 12,000 feet (3,700 m) The Bolivian
mine at Potosi produced nearly one-half of the world's silver in
the 16th century as a result of the enormous investment of Native
American labor and, later, African slaves in mining and refining
precious metals for world trade. The Bolivian mine at Potosi
produced nearly one-half of the world's silver in the 16th century
as a result of the enormous investment of Native American labor
and, later, African slaves in mining and refining precious metals
for world trade.
Slide 22
CSCOPE 2009 THE SOUTH (MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA) THE SOUTHERN
CONE: ARGENTINA, CHILE, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY THE SOUTHERN CONE:
ARGENTINA, CHILE, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY HEART OF EUROPEAN-COMMERCIAL
CULTURE SPHERE HEART OF EUROPEAN-COMMERCIAL CULTURE SPHERE
ARGENTINA - 37.3 MILLION PEOPLE ARGENTINA - 37.3 MILLION PEOPLE 90%
URBANIZED, PERIPHERAL BUENOS AIRES - PRIMATE CITY EXPORTS: CEREALS,
MEATS, VEGETABLE OILS
Slide 23
CSCOPE 2009 THE SOUTH: MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED)
URUGUAY - 3.4 MILLION PEOPLE URUGUAY - 3.4 MILLION PEOPLE
MONTEVIDEO - PRIMATE CITY MOST EUROPEAN OF SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES
EXPORTS: HIDES, MEATS,TEXTILES PARAGUAY 6.3 MILLION PARAGUAY 6.3
MILLION 95% MESTIZO LANDLOCKED LOCATION CHILE 16 MILLION CHILE 16
MILLION AN ELONGATED STATE EXPORTS: COPPER AND NITRATES
Slide 24
CSCOPE 2009 Argentina Second largest nation in South America
Second largest nation in South America Major urban growth along the
coast and in the plain of the Rio de la Plata Major urban growth
along the coast and in the plain of the Rio de la Plata The
agricultural productivity of the pampas - the dominant grasslands -
of the interior that largely defines Argentina The agricultural
productivity of the pampas - the dominant grasslands - of the
interior that largely defines Argentina Beef and wheat - major
Argentine export commodities Beef and wheat - major Argentine
export commodities
