CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONPSSupt. Vladimir V. Villasenor M.D. PESERegional Chief- RCLO 2

LESSON OUTLINEINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVES OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONUPON ARRIVAL AT THE CRIMECRIME SCENE EXAMINATIONCRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION PROPER OTHER ASPECTS OF CSI.

INTRODUCTIONIMPORTANCE OF THE CRIME SCENE PRESENCE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. PROVIDES A STARTING POINT OF THE INVESTIGATION. PROVIDES CLUE TO THE OFFENDER.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Crime Scene Investigation It is the conduct of processes, more particularly the recognition, search, collection, handling, preservation and documentation of physical evidence to include the identification of witnesses and the arrest of suspect/s at the crime scene.Crime Scene- is the place from which most physical evidence associated with crime will be obtained.Physical Evidence Encompasses any and all objects that can establish that a crime has been committed or can provide a link between a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator.Forensic Science Is the application of science to law.

IT IS THE AREA IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF THE OCCURRENCE FROM WHICH PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE CRIME MIGHT BE FOUND.

TYPES OF CRIME SCENE

As to location1. Indoor Crime Scene 2. Outdoor Crime Scene - open locations including crime scene inside the vehicle, airship and vessel.3. Continuing/Running Crime Scene - mixed location from indoor to outdoor or vice-versa, or continuing outdoor alone, or from one place to another of the same jurisdiction, or from one place crossing to another area of jurisdiction.

As to time of Commission:

4. Day Time Crime Scene - From sunrise to sunset5. Night Crime Scene- From sunset to sunrise. Processing in this type of crime scene can be extended until day time to ensure proper collection of physical evidence.

*Crime Scene Investigation

SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)Is a forensic procedure performed by trained personnel of the PNP Crime Laboratory through scientific methods of investigation for the purpose of preserving the crime scene, gathering information, documentation, collection and handling of all physical evidence. It is the conduct of processes, more particularly the recognition, search, preservation, documentation, collection, packaging and handling of physical evidence.

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POLICE LINE IS AN AUTHORITY LINE THAT SEPARATES THE CROWD FROM PERSON/S WITH AUTHORITY TO HANDLE THE CRIME

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Crime Scene*

Police Line

TO RECONSTRUCT THE INCIDENT.TO ASCERTAIN THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS.TO DETERMINE THE MODE OF OPERATION.TO DISCLOSE THE MOTIVE.TO DETERMINE WHAT PROPERTY WAS STOLEN.TO FIND OUT ALL THE CRIMINAL MAY HAVE DONE.TO RECOVER PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF THE CRIME.

RECORD TIME OF ARRIVAL & WEATHER CONDITION.MEDICAL ATTENTION TO INJURED PARTIES.ARREST OF OFFENDER, IF STILL PRESENT.PROTECTION OF CRIME SCENE USING POLICE PERSONNEL & RESPONSIBLE CIVILIANS.

4. PERMIT ONLY AUTHORIZED PERSONS TO ENTER THE AREA.5. LOCATE & IDENTIFY THE PERSON WHO FIRST NOTIFIED THE POLICE OR INVESTIGATOR.6. DETERMINE & RECORD NAMES OF PERSONS AT THE SCENE.

CONDUCTED PRIOR TO SEARCH OF THE SCENE. MERE APPRECIATION SURVEY OF CRIME SCENE: * TO DETERMINE THE WHEREABOUTS OF EXHIBITS AND TRACES. * TO DISCOVER AND PRESERVE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE.

TO ESTABLISH THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED.FACTS TO PROVE THE IDENTITY OF THE OFFENDER.FOR ULTIMATE PRODUCTION IN COURT.FOR SUBMISSION TO EXPERTS FOR EXAMINATION OR SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS.DISCOVERING &PRESERVING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE:

TIPS IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONAPPROACH THE SCENE WITH CAUTION.AVOID CONTAMINATING THE SCENE.STAND IN CONVENIENT POSITION & SURVEY THE SCENE SLOWLY.ENDEAVOR TO RECONSTRUCT THE SCENE.PREPARE A SKETCH PLAN.

Continued:F. SEE THAT NOTHING IS MOVE & THAT THE SCENE IS PRESERVED IN ITS ORIGINAL STATE.G. TAKE FULL NOTES.H. CONSIDER THE RELEVANCE OF DOORS & WINDOWS (OPEN OR CLOSED), LIGHTS ON OR OFF, BLINDS OR CURTAINS.

Continued:TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS BEFORE ANYTHING IS MOVED.NOTE & RECORD EVERY FEATURE OF THE SCENE.OUTLINE THE POSITION OF IMPORTANT EVIDENCE WITH CHALK AFTER PHOTOGRAPHING & BEFORE THEY ARE MOVED.

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONSMOTIVE GIVES CLUE TO THE OFFENDER.HOW THE OFFENDER TRAVELED TO & FROM THE SCENEWAS THE OFFENDER ALONE OR WOULD HAVE NEEDED ASSISTANCE.

CONTINUED:

4. THE PRINCIPLE OF EXCHANGE EVERY CONTACT LEAVES A TRACE.ARTICLES USED, TAKEN, MOVED OR LEFT AT THE SCENE SEX OF MORE THAN ONE OFFENDER. EX. CIGARETTE BUTTS, DRINKING GLASSES, ETC.

CONTINUED:6. WHETHER MEDICAL ATTENTION MIGHT BE REQUIRED BY THE OFFENDER.7. IF THERE IS DEAD OR UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM, ESTABLISH IDENTITY OR CAUSE OF INJURY.8. FINGERPRINT EXPERT, PHOTOGRAPHER, ETC.

CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHYMUST BE RELEVANT TO THE CASE.SHOULD NOT INCITE PREJUDICE OR SYMPATHY.SHOULD BE FREE FROM DISTORTION OR TWIST OF SHAPE.PHOTOS SHOULD BE PROPERLY IDENTIFIED CAMERA & FILM USED, OTHER DETAILS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC DATADTPO - DATE, TIME & PLACE OF OCCURRENCE.NAME OF PHOTOGRAPHER.LIGHTING & WEATHER CONDITION WHEN EACH PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN.CHAIN OF CUSTODY OF PHOTOS & FILM USED.DATA TO ORIENT CAMERA POSITION.

SKETCHING THE CRIME SCENE SHOWING RELATIVE POSITIONS AND ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. SUPPLEMENTS TO PHOTOGRAPHS. PROVIDES ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF CRIME SCENE ESPECIALLY IN VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS.

NOTETAKING:TO BE PRESENTED IN THE ORDER OF CHRONOLOGY. MUST PROVIDE DETAILS OF EVERY STEP OR ACTION TAKEN BY THE OFFICER. MUST BE COMPLETE AND THOROUGH.

CRIME SCENE SEARCHINDOOR SEARCHESOUTDOOR SEARCHESNIGHTIME OUTDOOR SEARCHES

*1. Determine what type of searching patterns is most appropriate to the crime scene. 2. Determine the number of searching team and members of the searching team.3. Mark/tags position of physical evidence with designated evidence number.1. The quadrant or zone method In this method, one searcher is assigned to a quadrant then each quadrant is cut into another set of quadrant.

* 2. Strip method In this method, the area is blocked out in the form of a rectangular. The searcher proceeds slowly at the same place along path parallel to one side of the rectangle. When a piece of evidence is found, the finder announces his discovery and the search must stop until the evidence has been cared for. At the end of the rectangle, the searcher turns and proceeds along new lanes.

3. Grid or double strip method this method is a modification of strip search method. Here, the rectangle is traversed first, parallel to the base, then parallel to the side.

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Rough SketchA rough sketch is drawn free-hand by the sketcher at the crime scene. Changes should not be made to it after the sketcher has left the scene. This sketch will not normally be drawn to scale, but will indicate accurate distances, dimensions, and relative proportions.

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A smooth or finish sketch is one that is finished and is frequently drawn to scale from the information provided in the rough sketch. If a sketch is drawn to scale, the numbers concerning the distances can be eliminated. However, if the sketch is not drawn to scale, the distances need to be shown*

*This is accomplished after the search is completed, the rough sketch finished and photographs taken. Fragile evidence should be collected as they are found but mark its location and reflect it on the sketch.

*1. The evidence should reach the laboratory in same condition as when it was found, as much as possible.2. The quantity of specimen should be adequate. Even with the best equipment available, good results cannot be obtained from insufficient specimen.3. Keep each specimen separate from others so there will be no intermingling or mixing of known and unknown materials. Wrap and seal in individual packages when necessary.4. Mark or label each of evidence for positive identification as the evidence taken from particular location in connection with the crime under investigation.5. Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purposes.6. The chain of custody of evidence must be maintained. Any break in this chain of custody may make the material inadmissible as evidence in court.

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*1. Determine what physical evidence to be collected first.2. Determine what technique can be used to collect and package physical evidence found at the crime scene.3. Mark and package all physical evidence with complete data needed to identify the evidence. The case number, evidence number, type of crime if possible, description or type of evidence, time and date collected and location if possible, name of the collector with his initial or signature, name of victim, name of investigator and name of suspect. 4. All evidence collected should be properly marked and labeledbefore its submission to the evidence custodian.5. Evidence custodian to prepare an inventory of the evidence recovered and fill-up the evidence log.

Biological Evidence*

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On the crime scene BE COOL !!! it will support if you are in contact with victims and witnessesRecord timeOverlook the scene detect and informContact the informerSecure the material evidence

Secure Material EvidenceNo changes on the sceneDestroy or remove nothingDont touch anything without reasonRecord with photo, video, drawings/ draftsCordon of the scene / clear the sceneBuild one path to the sceneSecure evidence / tracescover, measure, photo, collect

The crime scene should be surveyed and search for the last time after collecting all the evidence to ensure that no physical evidence is left behind. Different type of search method as used in the first search can be applied. A debriefing as to the completeness of the examination can be conducted with the examining team.

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Ensure that appropriate inventory of collected evidence has been made.

Release the crime scene with the notion that there is only one chance to perform job correctly and completely.

b. Release is accomplished only after completion of the final search and proper documentation.

*Note: Continuous contact between the investigator and the examiner is much encourage

Proper handling of physical evidence is necessary to obtain the maximum possible information upon which scientific examination shall be based. The chain of custody of evidence must be properly observed at all times. The following are principles that should be observed in handling all types of evidence:

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DEALING WITH UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS AT THE CRIME SCENE:GENERAL PUBLIC MEDIAMEN POLICE PERSONNEL

COOPERATIONCOORDINATION

SUMMARYOBJECTIVES OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION.STEPS TAKEN UPON ARRIVAL AT THE CRIME.CRIME SCENE EXAMINATIONCRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION PROPER.DEALING WITH UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS.INVESTIGATOR-SOCO TM RELATIONSHIPS

Basically 1.Eye

2.Fix / freeze

3.Hand

The Information about a crime

Documentation

Record on a sound recorder

Important InformationDate and TimeParticulars (name, address, etc.)Seven Question words

who, what, when, where, how, with, why

Questions regardingTime of incidentArea of incident, how to reachPerpetrators ( number of, description, direction of escape, on foot or by car,Injuries, killed victims, danger zone, damages, is there a need for a doctor or ambulanceTell the informer what to do:how to reach-> mobile numberis he in danger ??secure the scene until the police will arrive

Remember: If there are any doubts

C A L L B A C K

BasicallyOperating expense / time and effortSerious crime or petty crimePublic relationSpecial serious caseDegree of difficulty of the crime sceneLaw preventive measures / criminal prosecution

Man power ???It depends on priorities Leader of the TeamRouteOrders what to doSignals, reconnaissance, crime scene management, searches, first investigations, own safety (weapons, bullet proofed west's

To inform (internal/external)Special forces Leader of the district / regionResponsible departmentVictim, relativesOther authorities

Back office / Information gathering

Check recordsGather information from every sourceNever beblind to a crime scene

On the way to the sceneTo document the time of leavingWhich way is/was usedDifferent Teams different waysWatch the surrounding, especially the traffic from the scene note plate numbersThink about signal if or notReduce of radio transmission

Secure Material EvidenceNo changes on the sceneDestroy or remove nothingDont touch anything without reasonRecord with photo, video, drawings/ draftsCordon of the scene / clear the sceneBuild one path to the sceneSecure evidence / tracescover, measure, photo, collect

Secure personal evidenceWho was perpetrator / suspect / victim / witnessAfter ID check separate themAccompany the victim to the hospital- secure clothes - Interview victim if possible- Interview doctor regarding kind and - seriousness of the injuries

First measuresInterview of witnessesGet information for the first searchInitiate first searchesSecure evidences Perhaps breathalyzer test / blood test for the perpetratorCheck surroundings, way to and from the scene, escaping routes regarding evidences (thrown away or lost )

Report for the investigatorFirst information from whom, when, howWhat was reportedWay to the sceneWhen at the sceneWho was at the sceneFirst information at the sceneDescribe the scene and inform about changes

Witnesses, there information and availabilityVictims, there information and availabilitySuspects, there information, and if already informed about there rights, availabilityMeasures taken regardingMaterial evidencesPersonal evidencesSearchesInformation of superiors and others

Investigations at the crime scene general advicePlace of major informationAlso the place where the perpetrators planed and preparedSurroundings, way to and escaping routesThe perpetrators left a unique evidence picture / trace pictureBecause of the different cases of crimes there are no fixed rules regarding the work

Crime or accident ???

Notice blood on the wrench

Back in the officeReconstruction of the eventRelation Victim perpetratorPersonality of perpetratorMotivation of the crimeThink about statistic, criminalistic experience, modus- operandi SystemCheck plausibilityAsk for experts report (example weapon,blood, DNA)

LOCARDS EXCHANGE PRINCIPLEWhenever a criminal comes into contact with a victim, an object, or a crime scene, he/ she will leave behind evidence, and will also take away evidence. - Edmund LocardCRIME SCENE CRIME SCENE CRIME SCENE

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