Crim-pro Meadows s05

8/13/2019 Crim-pro Meadows s05

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CRIM PRO OUTLINE

Meadows, Spring 2005

I. Introduction

Two Goals o Cri!inal Pro"ed#re$

a. Prose"#%ing Cri!inals

&. Pro%e"%ing Ci%i'ens ro! #nair %rea%!en% &( %)e s%a%e** pro%e"%ion ro!"on+i"%ing %)e inno"en%

Source of Constitutional rights-$ rig)% o people %o &e se"#re agains% #nreasona&le sear") and sei'#res

5$ rig)% no% %o sel*in"ri!ina%e, no do#&le eopard(, d#e pro"ess

/$ rig)% %o a speed( %rial, assis%an"e o "o#nsel$ rig)% %o a #r( %rial

1$ rig)% no% %o )a+e "r#el or #n#s#al p#nis)!en% inli"%ed

!end!en%s are in"orpora%ed &( %)e 3-%)%o %)e s%a%es

4#e Pro"ess o 3-%) !end!en% $

In"orpora%ion T)eories ppl(ing 6ill o Rig)%s %o %)e S%a%es7$

Sele"%i+e In"orpora%ion T)e Tes%7$

Is a rig)% pro+ided &( %)e 6ill o Rig)%s #nda!en%al %o %)e !eri"an

s(s%e! o 8#s%i"e9

To%al In"orpora%ion$

:irs% 1 !end!en%s s)o#ld &e in"orpora%ed. No In"orpora%ion$

None need &e in"orpora%ed.

e.g. :#nda!en%all( (o# )a+e %o pro+ide a #r( %rial w)ere %)ere is a ris; o

p#nis)!en% o+er / !on%)s.

The Steps of the Criminal Prosecution:

3. Co!!ission o %)e Cri!e

2. Pre*rres% in+es%iga%ion

o&%ain a%%orne( or one is appoin%ed or (o#733. Grand #r( re+iew i elon(7

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32. :iling o Inor!a%ion or indi"%!en%

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T)e !ore pri+a"( %)e reasona&le person eApe"%s %)e !ore

pro%e"%ed %)e rig)%

Loo; &o%) a% %)e a"%#al eApe"%a%ion and %)e reasona&le

eApe"%a%ion

'(Prong Test to determine )hether Privac Interest #$ists: *+atz,3. person !#s% )a+e a su!"ective privac e$pectation.

2. T)a% eApe"%a%ion !#s% &e o&e"%i+el( reasona&le.a. Ba+e (o# eAposed (o#r s%# %o %)e a+erage "#rio#s "i%i'enD9

i. Ba+e (o# gi+en i% o+er %o a %)ird par%(9

ii. re !eans #sed so sop)is%i"a%ed or spe"iali'ed %)a% %)e( wo#ld &e

rare %o "o!!on #sage9iii. Co#ld a "#rio#s "i%i'en )a+e &een %)ere9

i+. ?as i% +er( ei"ien%9

&. Can (o# easil( pro%e"% (o#rsel ro! %)e in%r#sion9i. Can ordinar( !eas#res &e %a;en %o pro%e"% pri+a"(, or re@#ire

eA%raordinar( !eas#res9 Places:

* No reasona&le eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"( w)ere %ras) is pla"ed on "#r&

or ano%)er %o "olle"%* Greenwood

* Reasona&le eApe"%a%ion +iola%ed w)ere &ags in o+er)ead

"o!par%!en% o s were sear")ed*Bond* Oi"ers w)o %respassed did no% +iola%e -%). No reasona&le

eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"( w)ere !ari#ana "an &e seen wi%) na;ed

e(e, &e"a#se o %)is eApe"a%a%ion o pri+a"( no% reasona&le. -%)pro%e"%s people no% pla"es* Oliver

* O+ernig)% g#es%s are pro%e"%ed %)e sa!e as o""#pan%s o %)e )o!e*

Olsen, )owe+er i (o# are onl( %)ere or siness p#rposes %)is isno% pro%e"%ed, Carter g#(s &agging "o;e in )o#se7

* I an agen% is so!ew)ere )e )as a legal rig)% %o &e and sees

"ri!inal a"%i+i%( %)e 4 "an no% ")allenge %)e sear") &" )e )as noreasona&le eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"( no in+asion o personal in%eres%**

Carter

* In dis%ing#is)ing Olsen ro! Carter %)e ollowing a"%ors are

s%a%ed$a7 P#rel( "o!!er"ial

&7 S)or% s%a(

"7 No prior rela%ions)ip

d7 Person )ad ne+er &een %)ere &eore* o# )a+e a -%)!end rig)% %o pro%e"% (o#r "#r%ilege aro#nd (o#r

)o!e lower&eds, por") e%".7 C#r%ilege anal(sis$a7 proAi!i%( %o %)e )o!e

&7 en"los#re

"7 #ses o %)e proper%(

d7 pro%e"%i+e s%eps (o# %a;e or %)e proper%(


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Sensor #nhancement:

* No reasona&le eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"( w)ere a dog snied l#ggage&" i% %a;es rela%i+el( li%%le %i!e and sniing is no% in+asi+e, o; %o

sni l#ggage % i (o# are going %o de%ain i% (o# need p"*Place

* Re"en% S. C%. "ase eApandedPlace, now o; %o "all dogs %o sni%r#n; w)en "ar s%opped or a %rai" +iola%ion*Illinois v. Caballes

* No reasona&le eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"( w)ere poli"e lew o+er

green)o#se and saw plan%s &" l(ing is "o!!on pla"e*Riley* Reasona&le eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"( w)ere poli"e #se a &eeper %o

%ra"; %)e !o+e!en% o i%e!s wi%)in (o#r )o!e*Karo

* I T)er!al I!aging$ wo#ld sa!e ino &e o&%aina&le wi%)o#%

in%r#sion in%o )o!e9*Kyllo

-actors to Consider When .etermining if a .evice Can !e /sed in

a 0egal Search?

3. General ;nowledge o %)e eAis%en"e o %)e de+i"e$ i so!e%)ing is+iewa&le &( &ino"#lars %)ere !ig)% &e an arg %)a% a person does no%

)a+e a reasona&le eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"(2. Pro&a&ili%( a reasona&l( "#rio#s "i%i'en wo#ld )a+e s#") a de+i"e


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Possi&le ")allenges %o a warran%$

3.$ffidavit is not true

Tes%$ s#&s%an%ial s)owing %)e aida+i% "on%ains alse inor!a%ion or;nowingl(re";lessl( !ade aida+i% N4 alse ino was

!a%erial

2.$ffidavit does not establis# probable causeTo gi+e rise %o pro&a&le "a#se an inor!an%Hs %ip !#s% as;$

. 6asis o nowledge

a. Personal nowledge$ inor!an% saw so!e%)ing)appen

&. 4e%ails o ;nowledge %)a% "an &e "oro&era%ed

6. Jera"i%(

a. Credi&ili%( o %)e inor!an%&. Relia&ili%( o %)e inor!a%ion

S%ill #se %pinelli anal(sis % &ased %o%ali%( o %)e "ir"#!s%an"es %es% is done.

G#idelines%)e less de%ail %)e !ore &asis o ;nowledge (o# need, %)e !ore de%ail

%)e less &asis o ;nowledge (o# need

&. "arrant broader t#an 'ustified by t#e affidavit

(. "arrant went stale )usually #ave to be e*ecuted in +( #ours in C$,

reasonable amount of time in ed-

. %earc# e*ceeded t#e scope of t#e warrant

I %)e sear") eA"eeded %)e s"ope o %)e warran% as;$ ?as i%

reasona&le %)e poli"e did no% ;now %)e( were eA"eeding %)e

s"ope o %)e warran%9 I% does no% )a+e %o &e pre"ise and %)e

go+% will &e gi+en %)e &enei% o %)e do#&% %)in; a&o#% %)e 2ap%, 3 loor "ase7 I %)e !is%a;e was reasona&le %)e e+iden"e

"an &e #sed

Pro%e"%i+e sweeps are reasona&le

Sear") !#s% i% %)e warran%, re!e!&er i warran% is %o loo; or

#gi%i+es (o# "an no% open drawers

/. 0nreasonable means used to conduct searc# did t#e police fail to

e*ecute reasonably1

Sei'e i%e!s on less %)an p"

* #nreasona&le or"e in %)e eAe"#%ion

. no"; No%i"e re@#ire!en%s will &e e+al#a%ed on a "ase &( "ase

&asis, %)ereore i% is illegal or a s%a%e %o sa( in all o A %(pe "ases%)ere does no% need %o &e ;no"; no%i"e. 2 prong %es%$

a. no";

&. No%i"e < %i!es ail#re %o gi+e ;no"; no%i"e wo#ld &e #p)eld$

a. Bo% P#rs#i% o a S#spe"%

&. T)rea% o P)(si"al Jiolen"e )a+e %o )a+e reasona&les#spi"ion person is %)ere and )as a weapon7

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rres%s in )o!e re@#ire an arres% warran% and pro&a&le "a#se %o

&elie+e %)e person is )o!e a% %)e %i!e (o# are going %o sear")

#nless %)ere are eAigen% "ir"#!s%an"es. Possi&le eA"ep%ions$

)o% p#rs#i%

i!!edia%e danger %o %)e p#&li"

p" e+iden"e will &e des%ro(ed Co!!on law res%ri"%ions$

Pro&a&le Ca#se no% reasona&le s#spi"ion7

Bas %o &e a elon( as opposed %o a!isde!eanor7

no"; No%i"e

4one in %)e 4a(%i!e

Sear") ?arran% and arres% warran% are re@#ired i poli"e wan% %o

arres% in )o!e o a


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o# donH% need a warran% i (o# )a+e pro&a&le "a#se as long as i% is no%

o&e"%i+el( &eing #sed as a )o!e$ )as %o do wi%) lessened eApe"%a%ion o pri+a"(.

%)e +e)i"le is readil( !o&ile

in i%s presen% se%%ing i% "an &e #sed or %ranspor%a%ion

p" goes %o %)e "ar generall( %)e( "an sear") %)e w)ole "ar.

6UT I: %)e pro&a&le "a#se goes onl( %o a "on%ainer in %)e "ar,%)en %)a% is all %)e( "an sear").

4oes no% !a%%er w)o owns %)e "ar i %)ere is pro&a&le "a#se.

?)ere %)e dri+er "onsen%s %o a warran%less sear"), Poli"e "an arres%

e+er(one in a "ar, no% %)e "ase i (o# are spea;ing o larger area>

%a+ern, "lassroo! e%", % o; in "ase o "arPringle

RJ R#le* n( +e)i"le %)a% is readil( !o&ile and s#&e"% %o %)e

per+asi+e laws go+erning !o%or +e)i"les !a( &e sear")ed wi%)o#%a warran% so long as %)ere is p" s#ppor%ing %)e sear") Carney

i SITA need to have pc to ma2e arrest; do not have to thin2there is anthing in the car

?)en 4 is o#%side )is a#%o!o&ile (o# "an sear") en%ire passenger

area in"l#ding "losed "on%ainers wi%)in area so long as "ar was

re"en%l( o""#pied, %)e( "an no% sear") %)e %r#n;, loo; %o$

Belton34#orton3. %e!poral

2. proAi!i%(

I (o# poli"e )as op%ion o "i%ing or arres%ing and de"ides %o "i%e

(o# "an no% do aBelton34#orton sear")

ii PC to thin2 there is something in the car not SITA; do nothave to have pc to arrest

?)ere (o# sear") &" o p" no% SIT7, poli"e !a( sear") an(w)ere in"l#ding "losed "on%ainers in an a#%o!o&ile in"l#ding

%r#n; and en%ire "ar7 #nless p" onl( goes %o %)e "on%ainer and %)en

%)e sear") is li!i%ed %o %)e "on%ainer$cevedo

T)e go+% "an sear") an( "on%ainers in %)e "ar i %)e( )a+e p", e+en

i %)e( are %)e proper%( o %)e passenger!oug#ton di"%a$ !ig)% &e

di i passenger was wearing p#rse7

Li!i%>"an no% sear") glo+e &oA i loo;ing or an illegal alien

Go+% "an sear") "ar i %)e( )a+e reason %o &elie+e %)ere are

weapons in %)e "ar %)e( "an sear") i% e+en i %)e( %o no% )a+e p" %o

arres%, no%Belton34#orton 5awn

o# "an no% sear") a lo";ed glo+e "o!par%!en% #nless (o# )a+ep" or an i%e! &eing in %)e glo+e

e. Administrative Inventor

n in+en%or( o a !o%or +e)i"le and %)e "on%ainers %)erein

p#rs#an% %o es%a&lis)ed poli"e dep% ad!in poli"( does no% +iola%e

%)e -%)a!end pro)i&i%ion o #nreasona&le sear")es and sei'#resBertine

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Sear")es o %)e arres%ees in %)e s%a%ion )o#se are o;a( as

ad!inis%ra%i+e sear")es %)a% ser+e %o pro%e"% %)e 4Ks possessions

ro! %)e% or loss.5afayette

. TerryStop: detention of persons *seizure, no%e$ poli"e "anno%

#se !ere a"% (o# ran awa( as s#i"ien% %o or! reasona&le s#spi"ion

4e%en%ion on %)e s%ree% is "ons%i%#%ional as long as oi"ers )a+espe"ii" and ar%i"#la%a&le a"%s &ased on indi+id#ali'ed s#spi"ion %)a%

wo#ld "a#se a reasona&le poli"e oi"er %o &elie+e%)ere was "ri!inal

"ond#"%. I oi"er )as reasona&le s#spi"ion %o &elie+e person ar!ed

and dangero#s, "ond#"% li!i%ed %o ris; or weapons is also"ons%i%#%ional.

3. 4e%en%ion$ Bas a sei'#re de%en%ion or s%op7 %a;en pla"e OR is %)is a

"onsens#al en"o#n%er9

I a reasona&le person wo#ld eel %)e( are ree %o de"line %)e

en"o#n%er %)en i% is a "onsens#al sear"), no% a de%en%ion.Royer Loo; %o words, #nior!s, sei'#re o o&e"%s

Sei'#re de.7$ a go+% %er!ina%ion o reedo! o !o+e!en%

%)ro#g) !eans in%en%ionall( appliedD!adari

a. Ini%ia%ion$ ?as ini%ial sei'#re reasona&le or #s%iied9?as %)ere

reasona&le s#spi"ion o "ri!inal a"%i+i%(9

I sei'#re is &ased on inor!an%Hs %ip %ip !#s% &e "orro&ora%ed

a% leas% %o %)e s%age o reasona&le s#spi"ion.6.5.

4erry s%ops "an &e &ased #pon s#spe"%sH presen"e in an area o

)ea+( "ri!e i %)ere is #npro+o;ed lig)% #pon no%i"ing %)epoli"e. "ardlow

I s#spe"% "onsen%s %)en i% is #s%iied. Royer 4e%en%ion !a( &e %o in+es%iga%e presen% or pas% "ri!e %

generall( (o# need indi+id#ali'ed s#spi"ion, )owe+er, %)ere

are %i!es %)ese "an &e "ond#"%ed !ore &roadl( or e.g. w)en(o# are a dri+er or passenger an (o# are ordered o#% o %)e "ar.

&. S"ope$ ?as %)e li!i%ed sei'#re eA%ended %oo long9

4 "an no% eel as i )e is #nder arres% s#") as &( p#%%ing )i! in

a roo!7Royer

=0 !in#%e de%en%ion is %oo long esp i %)ere is no indi"a%ion as

%o )ow long %)e de%en%ion will las%, s)o#ld onl( las% long

eno#g) %o rid oi"er o original "on"ernsPlace :a"%ors$

o leng%)

o lo"a%ion p#&li" +. pri+a%e7

o a!o#n% o or"e #sed

o na%#re o %)e "ri!e dr#g s#spi"ion !a( no% &e

eno#g), % ro&&er( wo#ld &e7 2. :ris;$ o# "anno% ris; #nless (o# )a+e$

=


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indi+id#ali'ed reasona&le s#spi"ion weapons are presen%

i%%ing a proile is no% eno#g)7

"onsen%

a. Ini%ia%ion$ ?as %)ere reasona&le s#spi"ion %)e 4 )ad a weapon9

anon(!o#s %ip is no% eno#g) or indi+id#ali'ed

s#spi"ion #nless "orro&ora%ion, eA"ep%ions$ i!!ense %)rea% o)a!r e.g. &o!&7 or areas o lesser pri+a"( e.g. s")ool765

&. S"ope$ ?as %)e ris; li!i%ed %o %)e o#%side o %)e "lo%)ing, and did %)e

ris; loo; or weapons onl(9

eA"eeded s"ope o ris; w)en poli"e rea")ed in%o 4Hs

po";e% a%er )e )ad &een )anging o#% w;nown dr#g addi"%sor 1 )o#rs

no%e$ i %)e( ind a weapon, poli"e "an !a;e an arres% and do a !ore eA%ensi+esear")

g. Inspections &egulator de.7$ sear") or sei'#re done

wo#% warran%, done &" #s%iied go+% p#rpose dis%in"% ro! general"ri!e pre+en%ion, !#s% &e a s")e!e in pla"e %o "#r& oi"er dis"re%ion

d!inis%ra%i+e Sear")es are an eA"ep%ion %o pro&a&le "a#se$a. Two inds o Cases$

i. In%r#sion on general p#&li" a""ording %o s%andardi'ed r#le

ii. :a"% spe"ii" e.g. s")ool "ases7

Two #es%ions %o s;$

i. Is a warran% re@#ired or is %)e dis"re%ion o %)e poli"e li!i%ed in

o%)er wa(s9

ii. Is %)e sear") reasona&le9 6alan"ing %es%$ p#&li" in%eres% +. in%r#sion

on %)e indi+id#al

Lo"a%ion o Sear")es$

i. 6#ilding Sear")es$a. Generall( need a warran% %o sear") a )o!e or siness

&. 6#sinesses %)a% are "losel( reg#la%ed ine"%ed wi%)

"ri!inali%(7 "an &e sear")ed wi%)o#% a warran% &" s%a%e

s%a%#%e s#&s%i%#%es or #dge dis"re%ion e.g. a #n; (ard or

s%olen "ars )owe+er %)ese sear")es will &e "losel(reg#la%ed7

". Go+% "an en%er ilding w)en %)ere is a ire rning %o p#%i% o#% % on"e i% )as s%opped and %)e( are "o!ing in %o loo;

or %)e "a#se o %)e ire %)e( need a warran%

ii. #%o!o&ile Sear")$

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a. No warran% re@ as long as (o# )a+e a "onsis%en% s")e!e.

Canno% &e le% %o %)e dis"re%ion o %)e poli"e. e.g. s%op

e+er( "ar, s%op e+er( 5%)"ar, "an no% &e &ased on proile7&. S")e!e is reasona&le i go+ern!en% in%eres% is )ig),

in%r#sion is low, and %)ere is a reasona&le s#""ess ra%e.

". S")e!e is no% reasona&le i %)e onl( goal is general "ri!e"on%rol.

d. o# "an onl( do an ad!inis%ra%i+e ")e";poin% sear") i %)e

go+H% in%eres% is spe"ial and no% #s% "ri!e pre+en%ion$* 6order pa%rol is o;

* 4r#n; dri+ing is o;

* NOT dr#gs &e"a#se no go+ern!en% in%eres% &e(ond

"ri!e "on%rol and no i!!edia%e danger7iii. Sear")es o People$

3. Tes% is reasona&leness, % no% reasona&le i onl( goal is

general "ri!e "on%rol.

2. Pool !#s% &e li!i%ed %o people par%i"ipa%ing in "er%aina"%i+i%ies>de&a%e "l#&, a%)le%i"s


12/22

iii. Poli"e do no% )a+e %o %ell s#spe"% %)a% "onsen% is +ol#n%ar( % i

%)e( do %)en %)ere will &e no arg or %)e s#spe"% %o !a;e

II. 4id %)e person w)o ga+e "onsen% )a+e %)e a#%)ori%( or apparen% a#%)ori%( %o"onsen%9

a. I i% is reasona&le %o ass#!e %)a% %)e person )ad a#%)ori%( %o "onsen% i% is

o; e+en i %)a% person didnH% )a+e %)e a#%)ori%( Girlriend "onsen%ed %osear") o &o(riendHs )o!e, no% reasona&le %o &elie+e )o%el "ler; "o#ld

"onsen% %o )o%el roo! sear")7

&. I %)ere is a "o*o""#pan%, poli"e "an no% sear") o+er %)e o&e"%ion o %)e"o*o""#pan%

&. #$clusionar &ulei. -ruit of Poisonous Tree$ i +iola%ion o %)e -%)%)ere is a re!ed( o eA"l#sion o

%)e e+iden"e

T)e EA"l#sionar( R#le now pplies %o s%a%es

a.Reason$ de%er poli"e !is"ond#"%

&. 8#di"iall( "rea%ed re!ed(EA"l#sionar( R#le pplies w)en$

a. Tes%$ S)o#ld %ain%ed e+iden"e &e ad!i%%ed9 Loo; %o ollowing a"%ors %o

de%er!ine i %)ere )as &een s#i"ien% a%%en#a%ion$

3. Te!poral proAi!i%( &e%ween %)e illegali%( and %)e e+iden"e2. In%er+ening "ir"#!s%an"es so!e%i!es will in%er+ene %o !a;e

illegali%ies ad!issi&le, or e.g.2iranda warnings )owe+er,

2iranda does no% ne"essaril( a%%en#a%e %)e %ain%7


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i. >4thand


14/22

iii.


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a. EAa!$ 6alan"e %)rea% %o so"ie%( +s. deendan%Hs rig)%

or Miranda.

&. #es%ions !#s% &e li!i%ed %o "on"erns or p#&li" sae%($

o In p#&li"

o ?eapon in+ol+ed !os% li;el(7

i+. I!pea")!en% EA"ep%ion$3. I s%a%e!en% no% ad!issi&le &"2iranda +iola%ion and 4

%es%iies "on%rar( %o s%a%e!en%, s#ppressed s%a%e!en% "an &e#sed or i!pea")!en% p#rposes

i+. sser%ion o Rig)%s$

3. Two wa(s o asser%ing rig)%s$

a. Rig)% %o silen"e&. s; #na!&ig#o#sl( or a%%orne(

2. On"e (o# asser% (o#r rig)% %o silen"e, poli"e "anno% res#!e

@#es%ioning la%er or sa!e ")arge.


16/22

a. 8lstad7 2nds%a%e!en%s ad!i%%ed w)ere 4 as;ed 3

@#es%ion in %)e li+ing roo!, %)en re*@#es%ioned la%er

a%er rig)%s gi+en, a% s%a%ion )o#se&. %eibert7 Poli"e pra"%i"e %o ge% eA%ensi+e "onession pre*

2iranda, %)en %o &rea; and "o!e &a";2Irandi9e and

ge% s#spe"% %o repea% s%or(. T)is will &e inad!issi&le.". :a"%ors$

o "o!ple%eness and de%ail o 3s%ro#nd

o o+erlapping "on%en% o 2 s%a%e!en%s

o %i!ing and lo"a%ion !ore dis%an"e see!s li;e sa!e

in%erroga%ion7

o "on%in#i%( o poli"e personnel sa!e person doing %)e

@#es%ioning7

o degree %o w)i") 2ndro#nd %rea%ed as "on%in#a%ion o

3s%PBSICL EJI4ENCEOTBER ?ITNESSES$ No% s#&e"%

%o :r#i%s do"%rine

Ade@uac of &epresentation: -our possi!le challenges

I. Go+ern!en% In%ereren"e wi%) %)e a%%orne( "lien% rela%ions)ip.

a. Indigen% 4 )as no rig)% %o ")oose "o#nsel or re%ain par%i"#lar "o#nsel i

%)ere is a s%a%e in%eres% in appoin%ing a dieren% "o#nsel.&. Go+ern!en% +iola%es %)e rig)% %o ee"%i+e assis%an"e w)en i% in%ereres in

"er%ain wa(s wi%) %)e a&ili%( "o#nsel %o !a;e independen% de"isions a&o#%

)ow %o "ond#"% %)e deense.". Co#r% "anno% den( 4 rig)% %o !ee% wi%) "o#nsel d#ring o+ernig)% re"ess in

%)e !iddle o %es%i!on(

II. Pres#!ed inee"%i+enessa. T)e "o#r% "an iner inee"%i+eness or o&e"%i+e a"%ors in an eA%re!e

"ase.

i. Law(er dr#n;sleeping a% %rial.

ii. Co#r% appoin%ing #nprepared, o#% o s%a%e "o#nsel.iii. La%e appoin%!en% o ineAperien"ed "o#nsel in a "o!pleA "ase

4OES NOT gi+e rise %o a pres#!p%ion o inee"%i+eness.

III. "%#al Inee"%i+enessa. Co#nsel !ade errors so serio#s 4 was no% re"ei+ing /%) !. rig)% %o

"o#nsel,

i. Bea+( pres#!p%ion in a+or o %)e reasona&leness o a%%orne(

"ond#"%. N4

&. Reasona&le pro&a&ili%( dei"ien"( res#l%ed in pre#di"e %o 4 Less %)an

preponderan"es#i"ien% %o #nder!ine o#r "oniden"e in %)e o#%"o!e7i. I (o# )a+enH% los% an(%)ing (o# were en%i%led %o, %)ere is no

pre#di"e.

3. No en%i%le!en% i a%%orne( ails %o arg#e a %)en +alid poin%o law %)a% is o+er%#rned &( %i!e o appeal.

3/


17/22

2. No en%i%le!en% %o per#re (o#rsel.

ii. Pres#!p%ion o a reasona&le #r(, no allowan"e or irra%ional,

e!o%ionall( ")arged de"isions.IJ. Conli"% o In%eres%$

a. I Co#nsel !ade a %i!el( o&e"%ion a&o#% "onli"% o in%eres%$

i. and "o#r% denied !o%ion, %)ere s)o#ld &e an a#%o!a%i" re+ersal&. I Co#nsel did no% !a;e an o&e"%ion a% %rial, 4 !#s% s)ow$

i. "onli"% o in%eres%

ii. a"%#all( ae"%ed "o#nselHs peror!an"e". Bow is %)e o&e"%ion raised9

i. 4Hs "o#nsel "an !a;e !o%ion

ii. Co#r% s)o#ld &ring #p o&e"%ion on own i %)e( are aware o

pro&le!iii. :ail#re o "o#r% %o raise %)e "onli"% o in%eres% o&e"%ion on %)eir

own is no% s#i"ien% or an a#%o re+ersal

III T# P&%S#C/T%&The e!i"io# $o Pro"e!%$e

I. Generall(, prose"#%or )as "o!ple%e dis"re%ion as %o w)e%)er %o prose"#%e.II. Canno% Sele"%i+el( Prose"#%e on &asis o ra"e, seA, religion, e%" >4th #@ual

Protection,

III. Jer( dii"#l% %o &ring %)ese "lai!s, e+en !ore dii"#l% %o wina. To ge% dis"o+er( or sele"%i+e prose"#%ion, (o# !#s% !a;e a s)owing o

e+er( !a%erial ele!en% o (o#r "lai!.

i. M#s% s)ow$ 4is"ri!ina%or( ee"% %)a% si!ilarl( si%#a%ed !e!&ers

o ano%)er gro#p "o#ld )a+e &een prose"#%ed % were no% +er(di %o I4 %)ose no% prose"#%ed7

ii. ?ill no% &e a&le %o #se s%a%is%i"s as proo, need %o pro+e dis"ri!

also in pla( in 4Hs "aseIJ. Jindi"%i+e Prose"#%ion 4th .ue Process Claim7$

a. .uring or Post(trial:

i. CanH% )a+e e+en %)e appearan"e o +indi"%i+enessi %)isappearan"e is %)ere, we pres#!e +indi"%i+eness.

3. I pres#!p%ion !ade, rden s)i%s %o P %o gi+e o&e"%i+e

a"%s %)a% re% pres#!p%ion. New ino, person (o# s)o%died, )ad &een #sing an alias and was a"%#all( a )a&i%#al

oender e%".7

ii. Prose"#%or "anno% &ring grea%er ")arges &ased on 4Hs eAer"ise o

rig)%s.iii. M#s% "i%e reasons in %)e re"ord i (o# gi+e )ig)er sen%en"e.

&. Pretrial:

i. T)e prose"#%or )as no% "o!!i%%ed )i!sel, so %)ere is no

presumptiono +indi"%i+eness.

ii. M#s% pro+e a"%#al +indi"%i+eness.

The Ri&h$ $o S'ee(y Tri)*

3


18/22

3-%) /%)

7 7

********************************************************************** Cri!e rres% Indi"%!en% Trial

I. /%) !end!en% Speed( Trial Clai!s$a. T#rn on - a"%ors 6alan"ing Tes%7

i. Leng%) o 4ela(

3. Leng%) o %i!e %#rns on serio#sness or "o!pleAi%( o "ri!e.ii. Reason or 4ela(

3. S)eri ge%%ing si"; +. %o )a!per deense.

iii. 4Hs asser%ion o rig)%

i+. Pre#di"e %o 43. Pre+en% #nd#e leng%)( in"ar"era%ion

2. nAie%( a&o#% &eing #nder %)e "lo#d o s#spi"ion


19/22

i. 4oes no% )a+e %o ne"essaril( !ean a"@#i%%al, onl( &e reasona&l(

pro&a&le$ as;, does %)is e+iden"e #nder!ine !( "oniden"e in %)e

s%a%eHs "aseii. On"e o#nd %o &e !a%ieral, no reason %o e+al#a%e i i% was )ar!less

error

iii. I %)ere are se+eral %)ings %)a% are s#ppressed, (o# loo; a% %)e"olle"%i+e res#l% o %)eir s#ppression, no% a% ea") indi+id#all(.

i+. Prose"#%ors are )eld %o %)e ;nowledge %)a% %)e poli"e )a+e.

". :ail#re %o %#rn o+er e+iden"e will no% &e eA"#sed &" ail#re was !ade ingood ai%)

d. ?)ere %)e prose"#%ion asser%s %)a% inor!a%ion was no% %#rned o+er is

"oniden%ial, d#e pro"ess will re@#ire dis"los#re. 6UT, #dge will e+al

e+iden"e in camera%o de%er!ine !a%eriali%(.e. I go+ern!en% looses or des%ro(s e+iden"e, 4 !#s% s)ow &ad ai%) on %)e

par% o s%a%e and !a;e a s)owing %)a% e+iden"e was !a%erial.

. I 4 indi+id#all( inds so!e%)ing %)a% s%a%e ne+er )ad, 4 !#s% s)ow$

i. :ail#re %o dis"o+er was no% d#e %o la"; o diligen"e, N4ii. E+iden"e wo#ld more li2el than not)a+e ")anged %)e res#l% o

%)e %rial.

P*e) )r&)i#"

I. 2 T(pes$ a. C)arge 6argaining$ 4o no% ge% %o &argain a&o#% sen%en"e, onl( a&o#%

")arge, so or ins%an"e, (o# &argain so (o# are ")arged wi%) %)e% ins%ead

o grand %)e%

&. Sen%en"e 6argaining$ 6argain !ade as %o %)e leng%) o sen%en"e ")argedII. Gro#nds on w)i") (o# "an ")allenge a plea &argain$

a. T)e plea was no% +ol#n%ar( or in%elligen% .ue Process7$

i. 4 !#s% &e ad+ised on %)e re"ord$* na%#re or %)e ")arges

* ele!en%s o %)e "ri!e 4Hs plea no% +ol &"

)e did no% #nders%and ele!en%s o M27* rig)%s )e is gi+ing #p

* "onse@#en"es o pleading g#il%(

* pro+e "o!pe%en"( o 4

* Plea is +ol#n%ar(ii. Plea &argains are pres#!ed +ol#n%ar( &e"a#se %)e( are generall(

%)e end o a &argaining pro"ess.

3. :a"% go+ern!en% pro!ised a &enei% or !ade a %)rea% i %)e4 does no% %a;e a plea 4OES NOT !a;e %)e plea

in+ol#n%ar( so long as s%a%e )as %)e rig)% %o do w)a% )e

%)rea%ens %o do.iii. T)e plea is in+ol#n%ar( i s%a%e does no% ;eep %)e &argain.

3. ?)e%)er a &argain is ;ep% or no% is de%er!ined &(

anal(sis.

i+. Li!i%a%ions o Prose"#%orial Cond#"% in Plea 6argaining$

3=


20/22

3. s%a%e "anH% %)rea%en (o# wi%) %)ings %)e( "anH% per!issi&l(

do.

2. s%a%e "anH% #se i!per!issi&le !en%al "oer"ion.4th #@ual Protectionrig)% %o ")allenge

dis"ri!ina%ion in %)e +enire.ii. 4 )as th Amendmentrig)% %o ")allenge +enire on %)e &asis %)a%

%)ere was no% a air "ross se"%ion. Tes%$

3. S#&s%an%ial and dis%in"%i+e gro#p is #nderrepresen%ed in %)e#r( pool, N4

2. T)is res#l%s ro! s(s%e!a%i" appli"a%ion o sele"%ion

pro"ess.

&. Joir 4ire .ue Process7

20


21/22

i. ?)en ra"ial iss#es are going %o &e par% o %rial, (o# ge% %o as;

po%en%ial #rors @#es%ions a&o#% ra"e pre#di"e.

ii. T)ere is a Cons%i%#%ional Rig)% %o +oir dire on ra"ial pre#di"e or

capitaldeendan%s %ried or interracial crimes.

". C)allenges or Ca#se th &ight to Impartial Fur7

i. T)e 4 is en%i%led %o a re+ersal i prose"#%orial ")allenge or "a#seis i!properl( gran%ed.

ii. Rig)% %o i!par%ial #r( loo;s onl( a% indi+id#al #rors.

iii. Eli!ina%ing or "a#se all #rors w)o )a+e s"r#ples a&o#% %)e dea%)penal%( +iola%es Cons%i%#%ion as %o penal%( p)ase, o; a% g#il% p)ase

3. o# "an ;i"; o %)ose w)o are ada!an%l( opposed or

wo#ld i!pose i% in an( !#rder "ase.

2. o# "an dea%) @#ali( a #r( &eore g#il% p)ase.


22/22

ii. #es%ion$ w)e%)er %)e pre+io#s oense and %)e presen% oense

ea") "on%ain a% leas% one ele!en%s %)a% is no% o#nd in %)e o%)er

&. ?)ere a 4 )as alread( &een %ried and o#nd g#il%( o "ri!inal"on%e!p% o "o#r% or selling "o;e w)ile released on &ail and awai%ing

%rial, 4 "o#ld no% %)en &e %ried ro selling "o;e.

". CE applied in "ri! and "i+ "ases. %er an iss#e o #l%i!a%e a"% )as&een inall( de%er!ine, %)e sa!e iss#e "an no% &e reli%iga%ed &%w %)e

sa!e par%ies in an( #%#re pro"eeding.

i. T)#s, w)ere 4 was a"@#i%%ed o %)e ar!ed ro&&er( o one !an in a)o#se, )e "an no% la%er &e "on+i"%ed o ro&&ing ano%)er !an in %)e

sa!e in"iden%.

Documents

Crim-pro Meadows s05