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Counting Quarks University of Southampton

Counting Quarks

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Counting Quarks. University of Southampton. Our goal is to learn about the particles of nature using real data from accelerators We will not explore the theory too much just what you see… - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Counting Quarks

Counting Quarks

University of Southampton

Page 2: Counting Quarks

Our goal is to learn about the particles of nature using real data from accelerators

We will not explore the theory too much just what you see…

Nuclear matter (“hadrons”) is made of quarks – we are going to experimentally determine how many quarks there are…

Page 3: Counting Quarks

How to vote using your How to vote using your zapperzapper

click a button (0-9 or A-J) to vote for

your answer

this flashes green when you vote

you can change your vote (until polling closes)

by pressing another button

it will not accept invalid answers

please don’t press the GO button as it causes problems

Page 4: Counting Quarks

A question to test your A question to test your zapperzapper

Tea

Coffee

Fruit J

uice

Wate

r

Other

Nothing

0% 0% 0%0%0%0%

What did you drink with your breakfast this morning?

1.1. TeaTea2.2. CoffeeCoffee3.3. Fruit JuiceFruit Juice4.4. WaterWater5.5. OtherOther6.6. NothingNothing

Page 5: Counting Quarks

OPAL

Page 6: Counting Quarks

Some Simple Events

Page 7: Counting Quarks

Strong Nuclear ForceThe force between quarks grows with distance !!!!!

Energy builds up between them until many quarks are produced that arrange themselves into strong force neutral hadrons – we see jets…

Page 8: Counting Quarks

Taus are heavier electrons again – 3500 times heavier…

They decay to quarks and electrons/muons in the detector…. Yuk!

Page 9: Counting Quarks

The Weak Nuclear Force (Beta Decay)

The likelihood that a W will decay to quarks or leptons is the same.. If we produce Ws and count the relative probabilities of outcomes we can count how many quarks there are…

Neutrinos only interact by the weak force – once produced we never see them again…

Page 10: Counting Quarks

WW Events at LEP

Each W can decay to e, plus a neutrino

LEPTONIC DECAY

Each W can decay to two quarks

HADRONIC DECAY

The decays are so fast you’ll only see the final products in the detector…

Page 11: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 12: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0%0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 13: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double

leptonic

deca

y

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 14: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 15: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double

leptonic

deca

y

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 16: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 17: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double

hadron

ic dec

ay M

ixed

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 18: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double

hadro

nic dec

ay M

ixed

Double

leptonic

deca

y

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 19: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 20: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Page 21: Counting Quarks

Events 11-20 (30 sec)

Page 22: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 23: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 24: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 25: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 26: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 27: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 28: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 29: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 30: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 31: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Page 32: Counting Quarks

Events 21-30 (15 sec)

Page 33: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 34: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 35: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 36: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 37: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 38: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 39: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 40: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 41: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 42: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 43: Counting Quarks

Events 31-40 (15 sec)

Page 44: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 45: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 46: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 47: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 48: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 49: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 50: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 51: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 52: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 53: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Page 54: Counting Quarks

Events 41-50 (15 sec)

Page 55: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 56: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 57: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 58: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 59: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 60: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 61: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

8

Page 62: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 63: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 64: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 65: Counting Quarks

Events 51-60 (15 sec)

Page 66: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 67: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 68: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 69: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 70: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 71: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 72: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 73: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 74: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 75: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 76: Counting Quarks
Page 77: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 78: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 79: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 80: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 81: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 82: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 83: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 84: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 85: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 86: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 87: Counting Quarks
Page 88: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 89: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 90: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Page 91: Counting Quarks

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

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ResultsWe know there are three sorts of leptons (e,so there are 9 ways to get double leptonic events

DL = 9

If there are N quarks we expect N double hadronic events

DH = N

& mixed decays

M = 2 x 3 x N = 6 N

2

2

We got… N=? N=? N=?

We saw ?

We saw ?

We saw ?

Page 121: Counting Quarks

What should we have got?

LEP has enough energy to make four quarks

up

down

charm

strange

BUT – there is an additional factor of three because each quark has three different sorts of charges associated with the strong force

RED

GREEN

BLUE

N = 6