Cost Accounting StandardsCost Accounting Standards-Policies and Procedures--Policies and Procedures-

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CAS OverviewCAS Overview

Describes how UniversityBusiness is Conducted

University to complywith existingstandards

Required

Mus

t Inc

lude

OMB CIRCULAR

A-21

COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDSCAS 501CAS 502CAS 505CAS 506

DISCLOSURESTATEMENT

(DS-2)

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What is OMB Circular A-21?What is OMB Circular A-21? Circular A-21 first issued in 1958 by the

Office of Management and BudgetFederal effort to establish government wide

cost principlesApplicable to research and development

grants, contracts, and other funding agreements with educational institutions

A-21 has undergone numerous revisions over the past 44 years

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1996 A-21 Revisions1996 A-21 Revisions

“Facilities & Administrative costs” replaced the phrase “indirect costs”

Four Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) applicable to educational institutions incorporated into A-21

Institutions receiving more than $25 million in federal sponsored agreements must submit a Disclosure Statement

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A-21 HighlightsA-21 Highlights Definition of Terms Direct Costs Facilities &Administrative (F&A) Costs Determination and Application of F&A Cost

Rate or Rates General Provisions for Selected Items of Cost –

Section J www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a021/a021.

html full text of A-21

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OMB Circular A-21 — Direct OMB Circular A-21 — Direct CostsCosts

Direct costs are those costs that can be identified with a particular cost objective (grant, contract or direct functional activity) relatively easily with a high degree of accuracy

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OMB Circular A-21 — Facilities and Administrative Costs (F&A)

F&A (formerly Indirect Costs) are those costs incurred for common or joint objectives and therefore cannot be identified readily and specifically with a particular sponsored project, instructional activity, or any other institutional activity.

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OMB Circular A-21 — OMB Circular A-21 — Functional (Expense Purpose) Functional (Expense Purpose)

CategoriesCategories Indirect functions

– Depreciation or Use Allowance

• Buildings• Equipment

– Operations & Maintenance– General & Administrative– Departmental Admin– Sponsored Projects Admin– Student Services &

Administration– Library

Direct functions– Instruction &

Departmental Research– Organized Research– Other Sponsored

Activities– Other Institutional

Activities

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F&A RatesF&A Rates

Rates are based on calculations performed once every 3 – 5 years

http://www.ovpr.uga.edu/sponprog/freqinfo.html#IndirectCost UGA’s Rates

F&A costs are partial recovery of actual costs incurred If distinction between direct and indirect (F&A) is not

maintained, government could be paying twice for the same type of cost

Negotiators/Auditors look for these type of errors

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As noted in the Federal Register:Based on information that some institutions of higher education were improperly allocating indirect costs to federal research programs and charging unallowable costs to federal awards...

Cost Accounting Standards —Why are they required?

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Applicable StandardsApplicable Standards

CAS 501: Consistency in estimating, accumulating and reporting costs

CAS 502: Consistency in allocating costs incurred for the same purpose

CAS 505: Accounting for Unallowable Costs CAS 506: Accounting Period

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Main Principles of CASMain Principles of CAS

Costs must be treated in a consistent manner for all sponsored projects (federal and nonfederal) – CAS 501

Amounts budgeted in proposal should correspond to actual expenses incurred for the project – CAS 501

Cost Sharing proposed is committed once proposal is accepted – CAS 501

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Main Principles of CASMain Principles of CAS

Administrative costs cannot be charged directly to a sponsored project – CAS 502

Unallowables (entertainment, alcohol, bad debt expense, fines & penalties) must be identifiable in accounting system – CAS 505

Fiscal year must be used as cost accounting period – CAS 506

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Major Issues Involving CASMajor Issues Involving CAS

Consistent Treatment of Costs (Direct vs. Facilities and Administrative Costs, F&A)

Compliance with A-21 on departmental costing (normal direct/F&A)

Identification and treatment of unallowable costs

Service Centers

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What is a Disclosure Statement?What is a Disclosure Statement?

Describes educational institution and its cost accounting practices

UGA was required to submit a Disclosure Statement, (DS-2), in July 1996

Changes in costing practices will have to be approved by DHHS

Compliance to the CAS and our DS-2 will be audited by DHHS

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HHS Audit of Disclosure HHS Audit of Disclosure StatementStatement

General- Written Policies- Dissemination of Policies- How well policies are being followed

The greatest vulnerability at most institutions is Standard 502 — Consistency in allocating costs incurred for the same purpose

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HHS Audit of Disclosure HHS Audit of Disclosure Statement (continued)Statement (continued)

Desk review by Division of Cost Allocation Audit by OIG auditors – adequacy and

compliance On-site Audits Audit report to DCA and University Resolution of audit findings by DCA On-going monitoring via A-133 audits

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PoliciesPolicies All proposals submitted under the UGA or

UGARF name must be reviewed by the appropriate Sponsored Programs office.

Proposal budgets must be developed using cost items and categories that are consistent with the University’s accounting system.

Specific items of cost must be consistently budgeted in similar circumstance (direct or indirect).

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Policies, continuedPolicies, continued Salaries and benefits for administrative and

clerical positions in academic units shall normally be charged to the respective departmental administrative account (GJ).

General office supplies, postage and basic telephone charges shall normally be charged to the respective departmental administrative account (GJ).

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Policies, continuedPolicies, continued Total direct costs to complete sponsored

projects must be recorded in either the sponsored or cost sharing account within the same fund and activity.

Costs that are considered “unallowable” by the federal government must be identified and accounted for separately in the University’s financial records.

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Policies, continuedPolicies, continued

The University shall consistently use the same accounting period for purposes of estimating, accumulating and reporting costs (6/30/XX).

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ProceduresProcedures

Salaries Benefits Operating Corrections

Travel Equipment Aid F&A Costs

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Salaries & BenefitsSalaries & Benefits

University employee salaries and benefits required to complete a sponsored project should be budgeted and charged as a direct cost.

Allowable project salaries and benefits should be charged to a sponsored or cost sharing account.

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Salaries and Benefits, cont.Salaries and Benefits, cont. When original charges for salaries must be

adjusted due to changes in actual workload, appropriate Personal Activity Reports (PAR) or journal vouchers should be submitted to record the adjustment in the accounting records.– See PAR policies and procedures at

http://www.busfin.uga.edu/accounting/par.htm– Send PAR’s to Accounting Department (attn: Kim

Eberhart, 542-4139 or Keber@uga.edu)– Send JV’s to Payroll Department

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Personnel Activity Report (PAR)Personnel Activity Report (PAR)

School/College/Unit: College of Arts and Sciences

Home Based Department: Biochemistry

Employee: John Doe 123-45-678

Pay Type: 11 Date Paid: 6/30/98 Pay Period: 6/30/98

PayrollAccount Number & Activity Description Distribution Should Be

10-11-GH168-XXX Instruction - Instruction 22% 22%

10-25-GR168-XXX Research - Departmental 78% 48%

10-21-CR168-123 NIH Hemoglobin/Doe 30%

The University of Georgia Personnel Activity Report

-- % of Activity--

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Salaries and Benefits, cont.Salaries and Benefits, cont.

To correct a charge made in error to a sponsored account, move the charges to the appropriate paying account providing adequate explanation.

The explanation: “To move charge to correct account” is not sufficient.

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Administrative SalariesAdministrative Salaries

Salaries and fringe benefits for departmental administrative and clerical support staff should be budgeted and charged to departmental administration (GJ).

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Administrative Salary ExceptionsAdministrative Salary Exceptions In instances where sponsored projects require the

service of administrative or clerical staff beyond the normal level of department administration, the total costs of these services may budgeted/charged when:– Type and nature of services is not provided by the

department administrative account (GJ)– The services are required by the project scope– Costs can be accurately identified to the project, and– The approved budget narrative clearly describes the need

for the service

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Administrative Salary ExceptionsAdministrative Salary Exceptions Salaries for administrative or clerical personnel

may be direct charged to a sponsored project if it involves (per OMB A-21):– Extensive data accumulation and analysis– Preparation and production of manuals or large reports

or books– Extensive travel and meeting arrangements for

conferences and seminars– Management of a project at locations which are remote

from campus and similar situations

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Fringe BenefitsFringe Benefits All fringe benefits, vacation pay (including

termination lump sum payments), holiday pay, sick leave pay and other paid absences are to be charged to the current paying account(s), including sponsored accounts, in such a manner that each paying account pays its prorated share of the actual costs based on the payroll distribution.

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Operating Supplies and ExpenseOperating Supplies and Expense Operating expense type costs which can be

specifically identified to a sponsored project should be budgeted, charged and reported as a direct cost to the project or cost sharing account.

Service or recharge center charges must be based on actual utilization and cost-based charge rates.

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Telecommunication ChargesTelecommunication Charges(operating expense)(operating expense)

Telecom charges for academic department required to support basic activities should be charged to the departmental administration account (GJ).

Equipment and toll charges for phones needed for field sites, cellular phones while on travel status and large projects requiring dedicated lines may be charged directly to a sponsored account. These charges should be described in the budget and approved by the sponsor.

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Postage & Office SuppliesPostage & Office Supplies (operating expense)(operating expense)

The cost of postage, general offices supplies (paper, pencils, notebooks, etc.) and memberships should normally be charged to the respective departmental administration account (GJ).

Postage and general office supplies can be direct charged to sponsored account when:– The project requires a substantial amount of this item and

it can be specifically identified– The items are justified in the budget narrative and

approved by the sponsor

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Real Estate RentReal Estate Rent((operating expense)operating expense)

Excluded from F&A calculation Rent / lease expense may occasionally be a

direct charge to a sponsored project when:– It is in lieu of hotel (travel) costs for long term

field work– Apartments are leased to provide lower-cost

housing– University owned space is not available for the

completion of the project

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Utility and Custodial ServicesUtility and Custodial Services (operating expense)(operating expense)

May be contracted direct costs when space is rented and the off-campus F&A rate is applied.

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Motor Vehicle ExpensesMotor Vehicle Expenses (operating expense)(operating expense)

Motor vehicle maintenance expenses of project dedicated vehicles and vehicles used in the field may be directly charged to a sponsored project.

Motor vehicle expenses incurred while on travel status may be directly charged to a sponsored project.

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CorrectionsCorrections

To correct a charge made in error to a sponsored account, move the charge to the appropriate paying account providing adequate explanation as to how the error occurred.

The explanation: “To move charge to correct account” is not sufficient.

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Corrections, continuedCorrections, continued

Submit journal voucher to the Contracts and Grants Department.– http://www.busfin.uga.edu/forms/

accounting_jv.pdf

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Cost Overruns / DeficitsCost Overruns / Deficits When it’s necessary to remove excess charges

incurred with the operating supplies and expense category, a Journal Voucher (JV) should be prepared transferring the excess expense to an account within the same function as follows:– To the cost sharing account when one exists– To any other appropriate account in the same

function

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SubawardsSubawards (operating expense)(operating expense)

Subawards to other organizations should be budgeted, charged and reported as direct costs.

The applicable F&A rate will be applied to the first $25,000 of each subaward regardless of the period covered by the subaward if the basis is MTDC (modified total direct costs).

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TravelTravel

Travel costs of University employees which can be specifically identified to a sponsored project can be a direct cost.

Travel costs in academic departments which are associated with the basic activities of the University should be charged to the appropriate non-sponsored activity account.

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EquipmentEquipment Definition: An item with a unit costs $5,000 or

more and a life expectancy of three years. The equipment item must be specifically identified

and utilized on a sponsored project. Equipment must be purchased within the project

period. Equipment purchased late in the project period may require approval of the sponsor.

Cost is excluded from the F&A calculation under the MTDC basis.

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Equipment – Cost ShareEquipment – Cost Share

Cost sharing on equipment items must be in the form of an original purchase of equipment within the project period.

The costs of previously purchased equipment cannot be included as direct cost sharing since it is considered to be part of the F&A rate.

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AidAid Allowable stipends, fellowships and tuition &

fees that can be specifically identified to a project can be charged as a direct cost.

This type of cost will be excluded from the F&A calculation in an MTDC basis.

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Facilities and Administrative Facilities and Administrative Costs (F&A)Costs (F&A)

The University’s federally approved F&A rates are all to be calculated on a MTDC basis

Every effort should be made to used these rates. When absolutely necessary, other rates may be acceptable.

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Example 1Example 1

We received a Research Award (R01) from NIH and my administrative specialist tracks all the budgeting and accounting. Can I charge part of their salary to this grant?

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Example 2Example 2

We received a large program project grant from NSF and my administrative specialist coordinates multiple sites subcontract budgets, data management, and mass participant mailings. Can I charge part of their salary to this grant?

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Example 3Example 3

Every year the Principal Investigator has to mail in a technical/progress report to the agency. Is this an allowable charge to the grant?

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Example 4Example 4

In regards to corrections made on restricted accounts, would the explanation “to use up remaining grant funds” suffice as an adequate explanation?