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Cooper Basin Unconventional Gas Prospectivity
Lisa Hall 1, Tony Hill 2, Liuqi Wang1, Tehani Kuske1, Dianne Edwards1, Alison Troup 3, Chris Boreham1
1 Geoscience Australia, ACT
2 Department of State Development, SA
3 Geological Survey Queensland, QLD
Acknowledgements:
3D Geo, Andrew Murray, Andrew Stacey, Bruce Radke, Jim Preston, Russell Korsch, Sandy Menpes, Steve le Poidevin and
many more…
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Cooper Basin • Australia’s largest onshore conventional gas and
oil producer (Queensland, South Australia)
• Infrastructure: pipelines to East Coast gas market/
Gladstone LNG
• Increase in unconventional hydrocarbon exploration
over the last 5 years
• Permian targets: shale gas, basin centred gas, deep
coal seam gas plays
• Unconventional gas resources potential across all
basin remains poorly defined
Legend
State Boundaries
Oil fields
Gas fields
Oil Pipeline
Proposed Pipeline
Gas Pipeline
Proposed Pipeline
Cooper Basin Outline
Permits
Exploration Permit
Production Licence
Retention Licence
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144°0'0"E
144°0'0"E
143°0'0"E
143°0'0"E
142°0'0"E
142°0'0"E
141°0'0"E
141°0'0"E
140°0'0"E
140°0'0"E
25
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"S
25
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"S
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"S
QLD
NSW
SA
Oil pipeline
Gas pipeline
LNG plants
Project Aims
Review of basin geology and petroleum systems elements, focusing on unconventional gas plays in
the Permian
1. Review of regional basin architecture:
• Structure surfaces, isopachs, lithofacies
2. Evaluation of Permian source rocks:
• Source distribution, type, quality, maturity
3. Predict the possible extent of Permian unconventional gas plays:
• Play fairway / chance of success maps
Improve understanding of basin scale prospectivity
Australia petroleum source rock mapping study
Underpin future resource assessment studies
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Structural Elements &
Tectono-stratigraphy
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Shale
gas
Deep
dry CG BCG Source Seal Res.
Conventional Continuous Gas Plays
Gid
gealp
a G
p
Roseneath
Murteree
Toolachee
Patch.
Cooper Basin Unconventional
Gas Plays
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Continuous Gas Play types:
• Basin centred gas
• Shale gas
• Deep coal seam gas
Gidgealpa Gp composite
resource play
Basin centred gas
accumulation +/- shale +/-
deep coal seam gas +/-
natural fracture play
(Menpes et al., URTec,
2013)
Epsilon
Daralingie
Selection Criteria for Defining Continuous Gas Plays
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Typical US Shale Gas Play
• TOC > 2 %; Type II marine
kerogen
• Net shale thickness > 15-20 m
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
1.1 %; < 3.5 %
• Gas in matrix/organic storage
• Overpressured (>0.45 psi/ft)
• Relatively low water saturation
Typical US Tight Gas Play
• Source rock
• Net reservoir thickness >100 m
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
0.8%
• Low permeability matrix (< 0.1
mD)
• Abnormal pressure (mostly
overpressure)
• Relatively low water saturation
Typical Deep Coal Gas Play
• Coal thickness?
• Maturity?
• Other factors (e.g. permeability)?
Remains poorly defined!
Selection Criteria for Defining Continuous Gas Plays
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Typical US Shale Gas Play
• TOC > 2 %; Type II/ IIs marine
kerogen
• Net shale thickness > 15 - 20 m
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
1.1 %; < 3.5 %
• Gas in matrix/organic storage
• Overpressured (>0.45 psi/ft)
• Relatively low water saturation
Typical US Tight Gas Play
• Source rock
• Net reservoir thickness >100 m
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
0.8%
• Low permeability matrix (< 0.1 mD)
• Abnormal pressure (mostly
overpressure)
• Relatively low water saturation
Typical Deep Coal Gas Play
• Coal thickness ?
• Maturity ?
• Other factors (e.g. permeability)?
Remains poorly defined!
Selection Criteria for Defining Continuous Gas Plays
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Typical US Shale Gas Play
• TOC > 2 %; Type II/ IIs marine
kerogen ?
• Net shale thickness > 15-20 m ?
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
1.1 %; < 3.5 % ?
• Gas in matrix/organic storage
• Overpressured (>0.45 psi/ft)
• Relatively low water saturation
Typical US Tight Gas Play
• Source rock ?
• Net reservoir thickness >100 m ?
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
0.8% ?
• Low permeability matrix (< 0.1 mD)
• Abnormal pressure (mostly
overpressure)
• Relatively low water saturation
What screening criteria should be applied to the Cooper Basin?
Typical Deep Coal Gas Play
• Coal thickness ?
• Maturity ?
• Other factors (e.g. permeability)?
Remains poorly defined!
Basin Architecture
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
• Regional update of key structure surfaces and
isopachs
• Better integration of datasets across the state
border
• Update to incorporate new public domain well picks
(April, 2015) and seismic interpretation
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Distance in meters (1000)
1
2
3
4
5
Depth
in m
ete
rs (
1000)
Alkina_1Barrolka_1Barrolka_East_1Daralingie_5 Encounter_1 Ethel_1Gilpeppee-1 Ingella_1Keilor-1 Marengo_1Moomba_27 Moothandella-1Padulla_1 Russel_1Wooloo_1
DEM.dat
Nappamerri Group
Toolachee Fm
Daralingie Fm
Roseneath Fm
Epsilon Fm
Murteree Fm
Patchaw arra Fm
A B
Nappamerri Trough
Thomson/
Ullenbury
Depressions
Windorah Trough
3D perspective view from Cooper Petrel project
Initial data package supplied by 3D Geo
A
B
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Formation
Isopachs
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
• Further strat review of
Weena Trough underway
(SA)
Toolachee/ Patchawarra
Fms thickest and most
extensive units.
Wider extent than
previously mapped in
QLD
Toolachee Fm
~280m max thick
Halifax 1
Epsilon Fm
~195m max thick
Moonta ST1
Daralingie Fm
~130m max thick
Halifax 1
Murteree Shale
~90m max thick
Holdfast 1
Roseneath Shale
~240m max thick
Halifax 1
Patchawarra Fm
>680m max thick
Kirby 1
< 10
25
50
75
100
150
200
300
>500
Formation Thickness (m)
Well Tops – black dots
Lithofacies Inputs:
• SA: Sun and Camac
(2004) electrofacies
mapping, with updated
coal thicknesses
• QLD: new electrofacies
maps consistent SA
methodology
Results
• Sand, silt, shale, coal
isoliths & isopachs
• Toolachee, Daralingie,
Epsilon & Patchawarra
Fms
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Toolachee Formation
Net thickness by lithology by formation
Net source thickness
(coal/ shale)
Net reservoir thickness
Sand
Shale
Silt
Coal
Sand
Shale
Silt
Coal
Net Thickness By Lithofacies (m)
0 - 2
2 - 5
5 - 10
10 - 15
15 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 70
70 - 100
100 - 150
Patchawarra Formation
Source Rock Analysis
• Geochemical data analysis:
• Source amount and distribution (TOC
maps by formation)
• Source quality and oil vs gas potential
(HI, kerogen type)
• Compilation/ QC of source rock geochemistry
data (TOC, Rock Eval, vitrinite reflectance).
• New sampling – changes in source rock
characteristics with maturity
Well Allunga Trough 1 Region: Allunga Trough Basin: Cooper Basin State: SA
No s
ourc
e ro
ck p
ote
ntia
lP
oor
Fair
Good
Exc
elle
nt
0 25 50
S2 (kg/tonne)
0 200 400
HI
0.00 0.13 0.25
PI
Tool
Rose
Epsi
Murt
Patc
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
0 100 200
Gamma
400 425 450 475 500 525
Tmax
No s
ourc
e ro
ck p
ote
ntia
lP
oor
Fair
Good
Exc
elle
nt
0 25 50
%TOC
0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2
%Vr
Example Analysis By Well: Allunga Trough 1 (SA)
Down well geochemical and maturity profile
Natural maturity sequence Source kerogen type
Australia petroleum source rock
mapping study
Murteree Shale TOC
Roseneath Shale TOC
Patchawarra - Coaly shale/ shaleToolachee - Coaly shale/ shale
Patchawarra TOC - CoalToolachee TOC - Clean coal
Source Rock
Distribution
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
• TOC maps by formation and
lithology: good – excellent source
potential (TOC> 2%)
• Highest TOCs associated with
the Toolachee and Patchawarra
coals and coaly shales
• Source rock with remaining
generation potential (TOC > 2%;
S1+S2 > 3 mg/gRock)
Source rocks with remaining
generation potential are abundant at
multiple intervals across the basin
TOC %
< 2
2 - 3
3 - 5
5 - 7
7 - 10
10 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 70
> 70
Toolachee Coals Patchawarra Coal Roseneath Shale
Toolachee Shale/
coaly shale
Patchawarra Shale/
coaly shale Murteree Shale
RE Data: remaining HC
generation potential Good -
excelle
nt
Poor
Present day TOC
Source Rock Characterisation
• Coals - shales
• TOCs: 2 – 80%; HI > 250 mg/gC
• Kerogen type II/III (non-marine) - Good
gas to oil + gas source potential
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
• “Shales”
• TOC: 2 - 12 %; HI’s < 200 mg/gC
• Kerogen type III/IV (non-marine) - Gas
prone
Toolachee/ Patchawarra coals and shales are the best
quality source rocks, not the Roseneath/ Murteree ‘shales’
Toolachee Roseneath Patchawarra Murteree
• Shales
• TOC: 2-12 %; HI > 300-500 mg/gC
• Kerogen type II, and some Type I
(marine)
COMPARISON WITH
BARNETT SHALE (Javie et al., 2005)
Oil
Oil+gas
Gas
Kinetics for Petroleum Generation &
Oil/ Gas Windows
• Cooper basin kinetics (Malhstedt et al., in press).
• Consistent with Pepper and Corvi DE – F (Type II/III - IV)
• Potential for late primary gas generation
• Adsorption exerts a major control on ratio of oil vs gas expelled
• Cooper specific maturity windows
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Cooper Basin Barnett Shale (Jarvie et al.,2005)
Vr Tmax Vr
Early oil 0.75 - 0.9 435 - 445 0.55 – 0.9
Peak oil 0.9 - 1 445 - 455 0.9 – 1.15
Late oil 1 – 1.3 455 - 475
Wet gas 1.3 - 2 475 - 530 1.15 - 1.4
Dry gas 2 – 3.5 530 - 650 >1.4
Over-mature > 3.5 > 650 Later onset of oil and gas generation
compared with US shales
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
Rati
o (%
)
Ro (%)
Patchawarra Forge 1
Patchawarra Gidgealpa 6
Epsilon Pando 2
Murteree Wancoocha 1
Roseneath Battunga 1
Toolachee Vintage Crop 1
Pepper and Corvi - DE
Pepper and Corvi - F
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
50 100 150 200 250 300
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
Rati
o (%
)
Temp (oC)
Cooper Basin Bulk Kinetics
Patchawarra Forge 1
Patchawarra Gidgealpa 6
Epsilon Pando 2
Murteree Wancoocha 1
Roseneath Battunga 1
Toolachee Vintage Crop 1
Pepper and Corvi - DE
Pepper and Corvi - F
Temp (oC)
TR
(fr
ac
tio
n)
Cooper specific kinetics: Transformation Ratio (TR) vs Temp
Cooper specific kinetics: Oil/ gas expelled vs maturity
VRo (%)
TR
(fr
ac
tio
n)
Immature Oil Wet gas Dry gas Overmature
Maturity Modelling
• Multi-1D basin modelling study in progress
• 91 1D models. Calibration: corrected temperatures,
vitrinite reflectance etc.
• Source characteristics based on lithofacies, geochem
evaluation (original TOC and HI)
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.61.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
2
2
300 400 500 600 700 800
6800
6900
7000
7100
7200
7300
Alkina_1
Andree_1
Arrabury _1
Ballat_1
Barrolka_1Barrolka_East_1
Bary ulah_1
Beanbush_1
Boldrewood_1
Bundeena_1
Buny a_1
Burley _2
Callabonna_1
Chandos-1
Cook_North_1
Coonatie_2
Cuddapan-1
Cumbroo_1
Cuttapirrie_1
Daralingie_5
Dilchee_1
Doonmulla_1
Dullingari_1
Durham Downs-1
Encounter_1
Ethel_1
Gidgealpa_16
Gilpeppee-1
Holdf ast_1
Ingella_1
Innamincka_3
Jack_Lake_1
Jackson South-1
Juniper-1
Keilor-1
Kenny _1
Kidman_2
Kirby _1
Kurunda_1
Lamdina_1
MacKillop_1
Macadama-1Mahl-1
Marengo_1
Marradong_1
McKinlay _1
McLeod_1Merrimelia_7
Mingana_1
Moomba_27
Moothandella-1
Mt Howitt-1
Mundi_1Munkarie_1
Nealy on-1
Nockatunga-2Nulla_1
Packsaddle_3
Padulla_1
Paning_1
Pepita_1
Perenty _1
Pinna_1
Pondrinie_1
Regleigh_1
Russel_1
Spencer_2
Springf ield-1
Strathmount_1
Strzelecki_1
Tallalia-1
Tartulla_1
Teedeeldee_1
Three_Queens_1
Ticklara_2
Tindilpie-10
Tinga_Tingana_1
Tinpilla-1
Tintaburra_1
Tirrawarra_1Tirrawarra_North_1
Toolachee_1
Verona-1
Wantana_1
Wareena_1
Warnie_East_1
Wemy ss_1
Whanto_1
Wippo-1
Wolgolla_1
Wooloo_1
Mid Toolachee Vitrinite Ro 0 Ma Clip
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
120 km
u29945 Nov 26 2014
0.8
0.8
0.8 0.8 0.8
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
111
1 11
1.2
1.21.2
1.4
1.61.8
2
2
2.2
2.2
2.42.43
300 400 500 600 700 800
6800
6900
7000
7100
7200
7300
Alkina_1
Andree_1
Arrabury _1
Ballat_1
Barrolka_1Barrolka_East_1
Bary ulah_1
Beanbush_1
Boldrewood_1
Bundeena_1
Buny a_1
Burley _2
Callabonna_1
Chandos-1
Cook_North_1
Coonatie_2
Cuddapan-1
Cumbroo_1
Cuttapirrie_1
Daralingie_5
Dilchee_1
Doonmulla_1
Dullingari_1
Durham Downs-1
Encounter_1
Ethel_1
Gidgealpa_16
Gilpeppee-1
Holdf ast_1
Ingella_1
Innamincka_3
Jack_Lake_1
Jackson South-1
Juniper-1
Keilor-1
Kenny _1
Kidman_2
Kirby _1
Kurunda_1
Lamdina_1
MacKillop_1
Macadama-1Mahl-1
Marengo_1
Marradong_1
McKinlay _1
McLeod_1Merrimelia_7
Mingana_1
Moomba_27
Moothandella-1
Mt Howitt-1
Mundi_1Munkarie_1
Nealy on-1
Nockatunga-2Nulla_1
Packsaddle_3
Padulla_1
Paning_1
Pepita_1
Perenty _1
Pinna_1
Pondrinie_1
Regleigh_1
Russel_1
Spencer_2
Springf ield-1
Strathmount_1
Strzelecki_1
Tallalia-1
Tartulla_1
Teedeeldee_1
Three_Queens_1
Ticklara_2
Tindilpie-10
Tinga_Tingana_1
Tinpilla-1
Tintaburra_1
Tirrawarra_1Tirrawarra_North_1
Toolachee_1
Verona-1
Wantana_1
Wareena_1
Warnie_East_1
Wemy ss_1
Whanto_1
Wippo-1
Wolgolla_1
Wooloo_1
Top Roseneath Vr Ro(%) 0 Ma0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
120 km
u29945 Nov 26 2014
0.6
0.8
0.8
1
11
11
1
1 1
1 1
1
1.2 1.21.2
1.2
1.2
1.4 1.4
1.41.6
1.8
2
2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.62.6
3
3
300 400 500 600 700 800
6800
6900
7000
7100
7200
7300
Alkina_1
Andree_1
Arrabury _1
Ballat_1
Barrolka_1Barrolka_East_1
Bary ulah_1
Beanbush_1
Boldrewood_1
Bundeena_1
Buny a_1
Burley _2
Callabonna_1
Chandos-1
Cook_North_1
Coonatie_2
Cuddapan-1
Cumbroo_1
Cuttapirrie_1
Daralingie_5
Dilchee_1
Doonmulla_1
Dullingari_1
Durham Downs-1
Encounter_1
Ethel_1
Gidgealpa_16
Gilpeppee-1
Holdf ast_1
Ingella_1
Innamincka_3
Jack_Lake_1
Jackson South-1
Juniper-1
Keilor-1
Kenny _1
Kidman_2
Kirby _1
Kurunda_1
Lamdina_1
MacKillop_1
Macadama-1Mahl-1
Marengo_1
Marradong_1
McKinlay _1
McLeod_1Merrimelia_7
Mingana_1
Moomba_27
Moothandella-1
Mt Howitt-1
Mundi_1Munkarie_1
Nealy on-1
Nockatunga-2Nulla_1
Packsaddle_3
Padulla_1
Paning_1
Pepita_1
Perenty _1
Pinna_1
Pondrinie_1
Regleigh_1
Russel_1
Spencer_2
Springf ield-1
Strathmount_1
Strzelecki_1
Tallalia-1
Tartulla_1
Teedeeldee_1
Three_Queens_1
Ticklara_2
Tindilpie-10
Tinga_Tingana_1
Tinpilla-1
Tintaburra_1
Tirrawarra_1Tirrawarra_North_1
Toolachee_1
Verona-1
Wantana_1
Wareena_1
Warnie_East_1
Wemy ss_1
Whanto_1
Wippo-1
Wolgolla_1
Wooloo_1
Top Epsilon Vitrinite Ro(%) 0 Ma
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
120 km
u29945 Nov 26 2014
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1
1
1
1
1 1
11
1
1
1
11 1
1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.21.2
1.21.2
1.4
1.4
1.4 1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.61.6
1.6
1.6 1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
2
2 22.22.42.62.83
3.2
3.2
3.43.4
300 400 500 600 700 800
6800
6900
7000
7100
7200
7300
Alkina_1
Andree_1
Arrabury _1
Ballat_1
Barrolka_1Barrolka_East_1
Bary ulah_1
Beanbush_1
Boldrewood_1
Bundeena_1
Buny a_1
Burley _2
Callabonna_1
Chandos-1
Cook_North_1
Coonatie_2
Cuddapan-1
Cumbroo_1
Cuttapirrie_1
Daralingie_5
Dilchee_1
Doonmulla_1
Dullingari_1
Durham Downs-1
Encounter_1
Ethel_1
Gidgealpa_16
Gilpeppee-1
Holdf ast_1
Ingella_1
Innamincka_3
Jack_Lake_1
Jackson South-1
Juniper-1
Keilor-1
Kenny _1
Kidman_2
Kirby _1
Kurunda_1
Lamdina_1
MacKillop_1
Macadama-1Mahl-1
Marengo_1
Marradong_1
McKinlay _1
McLeod_1Merrimelia_7
Mingana_1
Moomba_27
Moothandella-1
Mt Howitt-1
Mundi_1Munkarie_1
Nealy on-1
Nockatunga-2Nulla_1
Packsaddle_3
Padulla_1
Paning_1
Pepita_1
Perenty _1
Pinna_1
Pondrinie_1
Regleigh_1
Russel_1
Spencer_2
Springf ield-1
Strathmount_1
Strzelecki_1
Tallalia-1
Tartulla_1
Teedeeldee_1
Three_Queens_1
Ticklara_2
Tindilpie-10
Tinga_Tingana_1
Tinpilla-1
Tintaburra_1
Tirrawarra_1Tirrawarra_North_1
Toolachee_1
Verona-1
Wantana_1
Wareena_1
Warnie_East_1
Wemy ss_1
Whanto_1
Wippo-1
Wolgolla_1
Wooloo_1
Mid Patch Vitrinite Ro(%) 0 Ma Clip
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
120 km
u29945 Nov 26 2014
Toolachee Roseneath
Murteree Patchawarra
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.80.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.21.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8 2
2
300 400 500 600 700 800
6800
6900
7000
7100
7200
7300
Alkina_1
Andree_1
Arrabury _1
Ballat_1
Barrolka_1Barrolka_East_1
Bary ulah_1
Beanbush_1
Boldrewood_1
Bundeena_1
Buny a_1
Burley _2
Callabonna_1
Chandos-1
Cook_North_1
Coonatie_2
Cuddapan-1
Cumbroo_1
Cuttapirrie_1
Daralingie_5
Dilchee_1
Doonmulla_1
Dullingari_1
Durham Downs-1
Encounter_1
Ethel_1
Gidgealpa_16
Gilpeppee-1
Holdf ast_1
Ingella_1
Innamincka_3
Jack_Lake_1
Jackson South-1
Juniper-1
Keilor-1
Kenny _1
Kidman_2
Kirby _1
Kurunda_1
Lamdina_1
MacKillop_1
Macadama-1Mahl-1
Marengo_1
Marradong_1
McKinlay _1
McLeod_1Merrimelia_7
Mingana_1
Moomba_27
Moothandella-1
Mt Howitt-1
Mundi_1Munkarie_1
Nealy on-1
Nockatunga-2Nulla_1
Packsaddle_3
Padulla_1
Paning_1
Pepita_1
Perenty _1
Pinna_1
Pondrinie_1
Regleigh_1
Russel_1
Spencer_2
Springf ield-1
Strathmount_1
Strzelecki_1
Tallalia-1
Tartulla_1
Teedeeldee_1
Three_Queens_1
Ticklara_2
Tindilpie-10
Tinga_Tingana_1
Tinpilla-1
Tintaburra_1
Tirrawarra_1Tirrawarra_North_1
Toolachee_1
Verona-1
Wantana_1
Wareena_1
Warnie_East_1
Wemy ss_1
Whanto_1
Wippo-1
Wolgolla_1
Wooloo_1
Top Toolachee Vitrinite 0 Ma Clip
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
120 km
u29945 Nov 26 2014
Vitrinite Ro(%) Windorah Trough/
Ullenbury
Depression
Gas mature
Large areas of the key source rock intervals are
gas mature
Shale
gas
Deep
dry CG BCG Source Seal Res.
Conventional Continuous Gas Plays
Gid
gealp
a G
p
Roseneath
Murteree
Toolachee
Patch.
Cooper Basin Unconventional
Gas Plays
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Epsilon
Daralingie
Tight gas/ deep coal gas
plays are more important
than the shale gas plays:
thicker, more
extensive intervals
contain larger
amounts of better
quality source rocks
For quick screening, we
will apply the composite
resource gas play model
(Menpes et al., 2013).
Selection Criteria for Defining Continuous Gas Plays
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Typical US Shale Gas Play
• TOC > 2 %; Type II/ IIs marine
kerogen ?
• Net shale thickness > 15-20 m ?
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
1.1 %; < 3.5 % ?
• Gas in matrix/organic storage
• Overpressured (>0.45 psi/ft)
• Relatively low water saturation
Typical US Tight Gas Play
• Source rock ?
• Net reservoir thickness >100 m ?
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
0.8% ?
• Low permeability matrix (< 0.1
mD)
• Abnormal pressure (mostly
overpressure)
• Relatively low water saturation
What screening criteria should be applied to the Cooper Basin?
Typical Deep Coal Gas Play
• Coal thickness ?
• Maturity ?
• Other factors ?
Remains poorly defined!
Selection Criteria for Defining Continuous Gas Plays
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Cooper Shale Gas Play
• TOC > 2 %; Type III non-
marine kerogen
• Net shale thickness > 15-20 m
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
1.3 %; < 3.5 %
• Gas in matrix/organic storage
• Overpressured (>0.45 psi/ft)
• Relatively low water saturation
Cooper Tight Gas Play
• Source rock
• Net reservoir thickness >100 m
• Maturity: vitrinite reflectance >
0.8%
• Low permeability matrix (< 0.1 mD)
• Abnormal pressure (mostly
overpressure)
• Relatively low water saturation
Most criteria are met BUT
Adjustments to the shale gas selection criteria required to account for differences in
kerogen type.
Selection criteria for deep dry coal gas need to be defined.
Cooper Deep Coal Gas Play
• Coal thickness > 5m
• Maturity vitrinite reflectance > 1.3
%; < 3.5 %
• Other factors – still to be
considered
Gidgealpa Gp Composite
Resource Play (Gas)
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Play elements missing:
• Reservoir permeability
• Seal quality
• Migration distance
• Overpressure
+ uncertainty due to variable data quality/
level of knowledge across the basin
Regional Chance of Success (COS) Map
Draft pressure
gradient map for
SA From DSD
Conclusions
• Plenty of good quality, mature source rock across the basin.
• Main source rocks are the Toolachee and Patchawarra coal and
coaly shales: not the Roseneath and Murteree shales.
• The composite gas resource play fairway shows there is potential for
significant amounts of unconventional accumulations in the Permian
section across the basin.
• Cooper shales are different from typical US examples so application
of US analogues requires more careful consideration
• Next steps: move away from COS maps by play type, towards a
modelling approach which maps the distribution and amounts of
hydrocarbons generated/ expelled.
Unconventional Gas Prospectivity Cooper Basin – APPEA 2015
Oil pipeline
Gas pipeline
LNG plants
Highlights the significance of the Cooper Basin as a world
class unconventional gas province.
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Web: www.ga.gov.au
Email: [email protected]
Address: Cnr Jerrabomberra Avenue and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston ACT 2609
Postal Address: GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601
For further information contact: [email protected]
