Controlled Expansion Alloys, Electrical/Electronic Nickel… · Controlled Expansion Alloys, Electrical/Electronic Nickel, ... Special Purpose Alloys Metals and Alloys from Stock

THE MATERIALS YOU NEED, WHEN YOU NEED THEM

Controlled Expansion Alloys, Electrical/Electronic Nickel, Soft Magnetic Alloys, and Refractory Metals and Alloys from Stock…Special Purpose Alloys

If you need specialty metals or special purpose alloys for Aerospace/Aviation, Defense, Electronics, Ceramic, Heat Treating, Magnetic, Medical, Lighting, Optical, Telecommunications, or other high-technology, industrial applications, call Ed Fagan Inc.

EFI has supplied specialty metals, alloys, and hard-to-locate materials to these markets since 1965. We have a large, comprehensive inventory of Controlled Expansion Alloys, Electrical/Electronic Grade Nickel; as well as Soft Magnetic Alloys, and Refractory Metals and Alloys. We stock the highest quality materials available in forms such as: Bar, Rod, Sheet, Plate, Strip, and Wire... from the highest quality mills such as VDM Metals Gmbh and Carpenter Technology Corp. And, we stock these materials in many gauges, widths/lengths, and conditions for immediate delivery.

Our specialty is solving the inventory management problems of our customers. When you need a standard stock material quickly, we can have it shipped within 24 hours. All materials are certified with shipment. If your material requirement is too small to be of interest to the large producers, we’ll use our buying power and expertise to source it for you. When you have a technical problem relating to an application using Controlled Expansion Alloys, Soft Magnetic Alloys, Refractory Metals and Alloys, or any other high-tech material, please call us; our inhouse experts can help you solve your problems. If you have an unusual requirement, for instance an alloy, size or grade, our sales people are very knowledgeable and can assist you. If you have a special purpose material that you can’t find, if we don’t stock it, we’ll use our Material-Locator service and try to find it for you.

We also offer Consignment Programs and Custom Stocking Programs to help you cut down your administrative burden, and streamline your manufacturing process. So call us now at 800-348-6268 to place an order or to speak with a materials expert. Or visit our website today, and use our “Request a Quote” link to find out how Ed Fagan Inc. can supply you with the materials you need, when you need them.

JUST IN TIME DELIVERY: All standard stock items can be shipped within 24 hours – and are often shipped the same day. NO ORDER TOO SMALL!

CONTROLLED EXPANSION ALLOYS

ASTM F-15 ALLOY

Description: ASTM F-15 Alloy is a controlled expansion alloy consisting of 29% Nickel, 17% Cobalt, and balance Iron. It is produced to ensure good properties for machining and deep drawing as well as porosity free product. Its expansion characteristics match both borosilicate (Pyrex) glasses and alumina ceramics. It is one of the most popular of the controlled expansion alloys for hermetic sealing.

Applications: power tubes, microwave tubes, transistors, diodes, and hybrid packages.

AKA: Kovar1, Rodar1, Pernifer 29182 , Dilvar P13 , NILO K4

INVAR 363

Description: A low expansion alloy, consisting of 36% Nickel, balance Iron. This alloy exhibits extremely low expansion around ambient temperatures and is often used where minimum expansion is required.

Applications: optoelectronics, optical and laser benches, electronics, and scientific instruments.

AKA: Invar 361, Pernifer 362, NILO 364, Invar Steel

SUPER INVAR 32-5

Description: A low expansion alloy consisting of 32% Nickel, 5% Cobalt, balance Iron. This alloy exhibits minimum thermal expansion (one half of Invar 36) at room temperature.

Application: In structural components, supports and substrates requiring precision measurements such as optical and laser systems, telescopes, laser bench tops, and ring laser gyroscopes.

ALLOY 52

Description: A controlled expansion alloy, consisting of 51% Nickel, balance Iron; used in a wide variety of electronic applications, especially for glass seals.

Application: Glass to metal seals for electronic tubes, automotive and industrial lamps, and specialty hermetic devices.

AKA: Glass Seal 52*, Pernifer 502, NILO 504

ALLOY 48

Description: A controlled expansion alloy, consisting of 48% Nickel, balance Iron; used in a variety of electronic applications, especially for glass and ceramic seals.

Application: Glass to metal seals for variety of electronic tubes and hermetic devices.

AKA: EFI 50, Glass Seal 48*, Pernifer 482, NILO 484

ALLOY 42

Description: A controlled expansion alloy, consisting of 42% Nickel, balance Iron; used in a wide variety of electronic applications, lead frames, and especially for glass and ceramic seals.

Application: Glass to metal seals for a wide variety of electronic tubes, hermetic packages, and automotive and industrial lamps.


Though not a stock item, Ed Fagan Inc. can also supply Alloy 46.

ALLOY 46

Description: A controlled expansion alloy, consisting of 46% Nickel, balance Iron; used in a variety of electronic applications, especially for glass and ceramic seals.

Application: Glass to metal seals for electronic tubes and hermetic devices.


Footnotes* Glass Seal 42, 46, 48, and 52 manufactured by

Carpenter Technology Corp., Reading PA1. Trademark Carpenter Technology Corp., Reading PA2. Trademark VDM Metals Gmbh, Germany3. Trademark Aperam, France4. Trademark Special Metals Corporation, USA

Physical Properties Kovar Alloy 52 Alloy 48 Alloy 46 Alloy 42 Invar 36 Super Invar 32-5 DENSITY

lb/cu in 0.302 0.300 0.298 0.295 0.293 0.291 0.294

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 8.36 8.30 8.25 8.17 8.12 8.05 8.15

CURIE TEMP

˚F 815 986 880 860 716 535 470

˚C 435 530 471 460 380 279 245

MELTING POINT

˚F 2640 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600

˚C 1449 1427 1427 1427 1427 1427 1427

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

micro-ohm-cm 49 44 49 47 68 84 82

ohm-cir mil/ft 294 258 290 277 400 495 481

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

W/cm ˚C 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10

BTU-in/sq. ft-hr-˚F 120.0 97.0 90.0 79.2 74.5 72.6 72.6

SPECIFIC HEAT

Cal/g-˚C 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.123 0.12

BTU/lbm-˚F 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.123 0.12

THERMAL EXPANSION

ppm/˚F (75˚F to 842˚F) 2.9 5.5 5.0 4.4 3.9 4.9 4.5

ppm/˚C (25˚C to 450˚C) 5.3 9.9 9.0 7.9 7.0 8.9 8.0

Mechanical PropertiesTENSILE STRENGTH

ksi 75 80 79 80 82 75 70

MPa 518 552 545 552 566 518 483

YIELD STRENGTH

ksi 40 40 36 35 34 40 40

MPa 276 276 248 242 235 276 276

ELONGATION

% in 2 in. 30 35 30 30 30 34 40

TYPICAL HARDNESS Ann.

Rockwell HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 75

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

Mpsi 30 23 23 23 21.5 20.5 21.0

kMPa 207 159 159 159 148 141 145

Chemistrymaximum % unless noted

Iron Bal Bal Bal Bal Bal Bal Bal

Nominal Nickel 29 50.5 48 46 41 36 32

Nominal Cobalt 17 - - - - 0.5 5

Carbon 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Silicon 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.25

Sulfur - 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.015 0.015

Chromium 0.20 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.25 0.25

Titanium

Magnesium

Specifications

ASTM F-15 F-30 F-30 F-30 F-30 F-1684 F-1684

MIL I-23011 CI 1 I-23011 CI 2 I-23011 CI 3 I-23011 CI 4 I-23011 CI 5 I-23011 CI 7

AMS I-23011 CI 1 I-23011 CI 2 I-23011 CI 3 I-23011 CI 4 I-23011 CI 5 I-23011 CI 7


LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (ppm per ˚C)

Deg. ˚C 7ssalC 5 ssalC 4 ssalC 3 ssalC 2 ssalC 1 ssalC

ravoK Alloy 52 Alloy 48 Alloy 46 Alloy 42 Invar 36 Super Invar 32-5

30-100 — 10.5 9.4 8.2 4.8 0.8-1.6 0.84

30-150 — 1.17 6.4 1.8 4.9 5.01 —

30-200 1.3-2.1 1.72 5.4 9.7 4.9 4.01 5.5

30-250 — 2.53 5.4 8.7 3.9 4.01 —

30-300 4.92 4.16 7.4-0.4 5.7 8.8 2.01 1.5

30-325 — — 7.4 — — — —

30-350 6.2-7.0 5.74 0.5 8.7-1.7 0.9 2.01 —

30-375 — — 5.5 5.7 — — —

30-400 7.8 7.03 0.6 5.7 2.9-2.8 1.01 2.5-6.4

30-425 — — — 6.7 9.8 — —

30-450 8.5-9.2 — 4.7-7.6 9.7 0.9 1.01-6.9 5.5-1.5

30-475 — — — 3.9 1.01 —

30-500 9.7 8.99 0.8 9.8-2.8 4.9 0.01 2.6

30-525 —

—

— — — — 4.01 —

30-550 — 10.56 8.8 3.9 3.01-6.9 7.01-2.01 —

30-600 11.4 5.9 8.9 4.01 8.01 9.7

30-700 12.7 5.01 7.01 3.11 7.11 3.9

30-800 13.5 4.11 6.11 1.21 5.21 4.01

30-900 13.9 3.21 5.21 0.31 3.31 5.11

30-1000 — —

—

—

—

—

2.31 4.31 9.31 2.41 —

FORMS AVAILABLE

Kovar Alloy 52 Alloy 48 Alloy 46 Alloy 42 Invar 36 Super Invar 32-5

Rod 0.050” - 6.0” 0.040” - 0.312” 0.140” - 4.0“ * 0.500” - 2.0“ 0.050” - 6.0” 0.8125“ - 3.543”

Sheet 0.005“ - 0.125” * * * 0.020” - 0.125” 0.030” - 0.125” 0.0394” - 0.1181”

Plate 0.187“ - 1.0” * * * * 0.150” - 3.0” 0.500” - 2.0”

Strip/Coil 0.005” - 0.143” 0.010” - 0.050” * * 0.005“ - 0.062” * *

Photo-Etch 0.005” - 0.020” * * * * * *

If you do not see the size or form you require listed above please call us. New stock sizes and forms are added often.*Though not a standard stock item, we may be able to supply you with the exact size, shape & quantities you require. Please call.


TYPICAL DC MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

EFI Alloy 79 EFI Alloy 50 Hiperco 50 Hiperco 50A Vim Var Core Iron

Saturation Induction - Gausses 8,700 14,500 24,000 24,000 21,500

Minimum Mu Max Permeability 230,000 100,000 12,000 15,000 10,000

Coercive Force - Oersteds 0.015 0.06 0.9 0.4 1.0

Coercive Force - A/m 1.19 4.77 72 32 79.58

Radiometal 4550

16,000

40,000

0.1

8.0

TYPICAL AC MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

EFI Alloy 79 EFI Alloy 50 Hiperco 50 Hiperco 50A Vim Var Core Iron

Core Loss W/lb @400Hz & 20k G N/A N/A 34 30 N/A

B-40 Permeability @60 Hz 45,000 6,500 N/A N/A N/A

N/A = not a typical application value. Hiperco 50/50A DC & AC magnetic properties per 0.014” Strip

SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOYS

EFI ALLOY 79

Description: A soft magnetic alloy consisting of 80% Nickel, 5% Molybdenum, and balance Iron used where extremely high initial & maximum permeability and minimum hysteresis is needed.

Applications: Electro-magnetic shielding, specialty transformer laminations, toroidal tape wound cores, high quality motor laminations, stepping motors.

AKA: Carpenter HyMu 801, Hipernom1, Magnifer 79042, Moly-Permalloy, Permalloy 80

EFI ALLOY 50

Description: A soft magnetic alloy, consisting of 49% Nickel, balance Iron used where high initial permeability, maximum permeability, and low core loss is needed.

Applications: Transformer cores, highly efficient motors, shielding, and specialized electronic devices, such as LF power transducers, chokes, relay parts, solenoids & oscillators.

AKA: Carpenter High Permeability 491, Magnifer 502, Alloy 47-50

RADIOMETAL 4550

Description: Radiometal 4550 is a Soft Magnetic Alloy consisting of 45% Nickel, balance iron alloy, and has excellent permeability with high saturation flux density.

Applications: Sensitive relays that need to respond to very weak currents. Radiometal 4550 is also widely used in transformers, chokes and special motors where the properties of silicon-iron do not provide the required magnetic performance.

HIPERCO 501 & HIPERCO 50A1

Description: An alloy of 49% Cobalt, and 2% Vanadium, balance Iron, Hiperco 50 and Hiperco 50A have the highest magnetic saturation of all soft-magnetic alloys and excels in applications where this attribute is needed. Hiperco 50 maintains its strength after heat treating making it your best choice for applications that experience high forces (e.g. rotating parts).

Applications: Special Motors for the Aerospace Industry (e.g. applications where high magnetic saturation and high strength is required with as little weight as possible); Electromagnets for medical applications (e.g. to focus beams for radiation therapy in medical radiology applications); Electrical Generators; Specialty Transformers (e.g. electrical circuits and magnetic circuits where frequencies must be varied); Pole Pieces for Electromagnets; Magnetic Bearings (e.g. applications where rotating parts are levitated); High Magnetic Flux Devices and Instruments.

VIM VAR CORE IRON

Description: Carpenter VIM VAR Core Iron is a low carbon magnetic iron produced using vacuum induction melting plus vacuum arc remelting practices. Other elements commonly found in low carbon irons are held as low as possible to ensure good DC magnetic properties. This double melting technique controls the distribution of nonmetallic inclusions to a minimum length and frequency so that thin wall sections will not contain leaks due to internal discontinuities.

Applications: Carpenter VIM VAR Core Iron is often used in the manufacture of soft magnetic components where vacuum integrity is needed such as in power tubes and microwave devices. In addition, relays, solenoids, and magnetic pole pieces for scientific instruments may be made utilizing the qualities of VIM VAR Core Iron.

AKA: Carpenter Consumet Core Iron1

Footnotes1. Trademark Carpenter Technology Corp., Reading PA2. Trademark VDM Metals Gmbh, Germany

Physical Properties UNIT EFI Alloy 79 EFI Alloy 50 Hiperco 50 Hiperco 50A Vim Var Core Iron Radiometal 4550

Density lb/cu in 0.316 0.295 0.293 0.293 0.284 0.30

Specific Gravity 8.74 8.18 8.12 8.12 7.86 8.25

Curie Temp ˚F 860 840 1724 1724 1400 840 ˚C 460 450 940 940 760 450

Melting Point ˚F 2650 2600 2600 2600 2790 2600 ˚C 1454 1427 1427 1427 1532 1427

Electrical Resistivity micro-ohm-cm 59 49 41 41 13 45 ohm-cir mil/ft 349 290 240 240 78 270

Thermal Conductivity W/cm ˚C 0.35 0.13 0.29 0.29 0.73 0.13 BTU-in/sq. ft-hr-˚F 240 90 200 200 508 89

Specific Heat Cal/g-˚C 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 BTU/lbm-˚F 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11

Thermal Expansion ppm/˚F (75˚F to 842˚F) 7.5 5.0 5.6 5.6 8.2 7.6 ppm/˚C (25˚C to 450˚C) 13.6 9.0 10.2 10.2 14.7 13.7

Mechanical Properties

Tensile Strength ksi 98 75 118 104 50 68 MPa 676 518 814 717 345 470

Yield Strength ksi 38 23 63 53 27 23 MPa 262 159 435 365 190 159

Elongation % in 2 in. 40 40 9 7 45 40

Typical Hardness Rockwell HRB 85 HRB 80 HRC 20 HRC 20 HRB 60 HRB 80

Modulus of Elasticity Mpsi 31.4 24 30 30 30 24 kMPa 217 166 207 207 207 166

Chemistry

maximum % unless noted Iron Bal Bal Bal Bal 99.8 nom. Bal Nominal Nickel 80 49 0.25 0.25 0.08 45 Nominal Cobalt 0.50 0.50 49 49 - 0.50 Molybdenum 5.0 nom. 0.30 - - - 0.30 Carbon 0.05 0.05 0.025 0.025 0.02 0.05 Manganese 0.80 0.80 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.80 Silicon 0.50 0.50 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.50 Vanadium - - 1.9 nom. 1.9 nom. 0.05 - Phosphorus 0.02 0.03 0.015 0.015 0.01 0.03 Sulfur 0.01 0.01 0.010 0.010 0.01 0.01 Chromium 0.30 0.30 0.15 0.15 - 0.30 Niobium - - 0.05 nom. - - -

Specifications

ASTM A753 Type 4 A753 Type 2 A801 Alloy 1 A801 Alloy 1 A848 Alloy 1 Class 1 A753 Type 1 MIL N-1441C N-1441C A47182 A47182 -

Comp 1 Comp 3

FORMS AVAILABLE EFI Alloy 79 EFI Alloy 50 Vim Var Core Iron Hiperco 50 Hiperco 50A High Perm 49FM HyMu 80 High Perm 49 Radiometal Annealed Annealed Annealed Unannealed Unannealed Rotor Gr Unannealed 4550

Rod 0.500” - 1.50” 0.0937” - 4.0” 0.500” - 6.0” – 0.500“ - 3.0” – – – 0.625“ - 1.57”

Sheet 0.010” - 0.062” – – – – – – – –

Plate – – – 0.500” - 5.0“ – – – – –

Strip/Coil 0.004” - 0.025“ Call for Sizes – 0.004” - 0.020“ – – 0.006” - 0.014” 0.007” - 0.014” 0.015“

Square Bar 1.812” 1.030” - 2.030” – – – 1.781” - 2.030” – – –

If you do not see the size or form you require listed above please call us. New stock sizes and forms are added often.

Mechanical properties of Hiperco 50/50A per annealed condition.

SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOYS

REFRACTORY METALS & ALLOYS

MOLYBDENUMDescription: Molybdenum’s unique properties give rise to processes and applications in electronics, aerospace, nuclear and metal working industries which would not be possible with many of the more common metals and alloys. Some of the more interesting properties of Molybdenum relate to high temperature applications, such as high melting points, excellent high temperature strength, and good thermal and electrical conductivity, low coefficient of expansion and low vapor pressure at elevated temperature.

Applications: In missile industry, nose cones, high temperature structural parts, nozzles, leading edges of control surfaces, support vanes, re-entry cones, heat radiation shields. In electronics, cathodes, magnetron end hats, x-ray tube components. In high temperature applications, furnace windings, structural furnace members, and containers for components exposed to high temperatures.

TZM MOLYBDENUMDescription: Molybdenum TZM is an alloy of 0.50% Titanium, 0.08% Zirconium and 0.02% Carbon with the balance Molybdenum. TZM alloy is manufactured by either P/M or Arc Cast technologies and is of great utility due to its high strength in high temperature applications (especially above 2000 F˚). TZM has a higher recrystallization temperature, higher strength, hardness and good ductility at room and elevated temperatures than unalloyed molybdenum. In addition, TZM exhibits good thermal conductivity, low vapor pressure, and is machinable.

Applications: Structural furnace components; die inserts for casting aluminum; hot stamping tooling; rocket nozzles; glass to metal seals; electrodes.

TUNGSTENDescription: Many practical applications of Tungsten are based on its high melting point and low vapor pressure. Tungsten not only has the highest melting point, but the lowest vapor pressure of all metals; hence Tungsten is an excellent material for high-vacuum technology and related applications at the highest temperatures. The low thermal expansion combined with its high melting point and great dimensional stability at high temperatures makes Tungsten a highly suitable material for glass seals. Electrical resistance characteristics of Tungsten make it ideal in high temperature furnace construction. Tungsten’s high density gives it a high capacity to absorb radioactive radiation.

Applications: High temperature furnaces, arc lamps, welding electrodes, glass to metal seals, vacuum deposition, medical apparatus, lamp components, and lamp filaments. In alloyed form, sometimes referred to as heavy metal or alloy, it is used in munitions, radioactive shielding, and counter balances.

TUNGSTEN ALLOYSDescription: Tungsten alloys, which contain elements such as nickel, copper and iron, produce a host of alloys which have engineering properties similar to steel, are relatively easy to machine, and can be plated or painted to enhance their corrosion protection. These alloys are approximately 50% denser than lead resulting in a higher concentration of mass in a limited area.

Applications: Tungsten alloys have found wide acceptance in applications such as radiation shielding, boring bars, and counterweights in aircraft and racing cars.

Though not stock items, Ed Fagan Inc. can also supply Tantalum, Niobium, Rhenium, and Lanthanum-Doped Molybdenum.

TANTALUMDescription: Tantalum is famous for its resistance to corrosion by acids; in fact, below 150°C, tantalum is almost completely immune to corrosion by aqua regia. Due to its resistance to attack by body fluids, tantalum provides an excellent material for medical devices. Another major use of tantalum is for electronic components and due to its absorption properties, it is an excellent getter of residual gasses in evacuation tubes. Because of its high melting point and good thermal properties, Tantalum is frequently used in high-temperature furnaces.

Applications: Capacitors; surgical implants and instruments; ink jet nozzles.

NIOBIUM AKA COLUMBIUMDescription: Niobium, also termed Columbium, is a shiny grey metal that takes on a bluish tinge when exposed to air at room temperature. Due to its low capture cross section for thermal neutrons, niobium has application in the nuclear industry. Niobium can be electrically heated and anodized to a wide variety of colors that makes it very attractive in the jewelry industry. Niobium is added to iron or nickel to produce alloys in the aerospace, medical and electronics industries.

Applications: Jet engines, rocket nozzles, semi-conductor equipment, reaction vessels, jewelry.

RHENIUMDescription: Among the highest density element and melting point, Rhenium does not have a ductile to brittle transition temperature and does not form carbides. High resistivity, combined with low vapor pressure, it is an ideal material for filament applications. Excellent resistance to corrosion, resists acid attack and the mechanical effects of electrical erosion. Rhenium has a beneficial effect as an alloying addition with other refractory metals as it greatly enhances the ductility and tensile strength of these alloys.

Applications: Mass spectrometer filaments; grid heaters; cathode cups; thermocouples; nuclear reactors; semiconductors.

LANTHANUM-DOPED MOLYBDENUMDescription: A Molybdenum alloy containing a very fine array of lanthanum oxide particles that provide resistance to recrystallization and high temperature deformation.

Applications: Ideal for applications that require strength and dimensional stability at temperatures above the capabilities of either pure Molybdenum metal or Molybdenum-TZM alloy.

Physical Properties UNIT Molybdenum TZM Molybdenum Tungsten Tantalum Niobium Rhenium

Density lb/cu in 0.37 0.37 0.70 0.60 0.31 0.77

mc/mg 3 10.30 10.22 19.30 16.60 8.57 21.20

Melting Point ˚F 4760 4753 6170 5425 4491 5767

˚C 2625 2623 3410 2996 2477 3180

Electrical Resistivity micro-ohm-cm 5.20 6.85 5.50 12.40 13.10 13.50

Thermal Conductivity cal/cm2/cm˚C/sec 0.35 0.30 0.397 0.13 0.13 0.39

Specific Heat Cal/gm/˚C 0.061 0.073 0.032 0.036 0.065 0.033

Recrystalization Temp. ˚C 1100 1400 1350 1900 800 -

Coefficient of in/in/˚F x 10-6 4.9 4.9 4.3 6.5 7.1 6.32

Linear Thermal Expansion m/m/˚K x 10-6 4.8 4.8 4.6 6.3 7.3 6.8

Mechanical Properties

Tensile Strength KSI (Mpa)-RT 150 (1035) 110 (750) 250 (1725) 50 (345) 40 (275) 200 (1380)

KSI (Mpa)-500˚C

RC

150 (1035) 135 (930))502( 03)042( 53-)515( 57

KSI (Mpa)-1000˚C 75 (515) 70 (480))07( 01)001( 51-)571( 52

Elongation % (in.) 1.0” 12 15 - 20 30 2

Typical Hardness DPH 230 220 300 200 130 -21 41

Modulus of Elasticity ksi 45,000 48,000 58,000 27,000 15,250 67,150apG 310 320 400 185 105 483

Chemistry

minimum % 99.95 Mo 99.20 Mo 99.95 W 98.99 Ta 99.60 Nb 99.97 Re 0.08 - 0.12 Zn 0.40 - 0.50 Ti

Specifications

MTSA B386 type 361 B386 type 364 - B365 B392 -

-393B--463 epyt 783B163 epyt 783B

SMA 7800 7817 7898/7899 7849 7850 -

FORMS AVAILABLEMolybdenum TZM Molybdenum Tungsten Tungsten Alloys** Tantalum Niobium Rhenium

Rod 0.001” - 4.0“ 0.020” - 2.0“ 0.035” - 2.0“ 0.060” & up *0.001“ - 2.0” *0.001“ - 4.0” *0.100” - 4.0“

to order

to order

Sheet *0.005” - 0.187“ *0.010” - 0.125” *0.001” - 0.30” *0.005” - 0.187” 0.005” - 0.187”187”.0 - ”500.0

Foil/Strip/Coil *0.010” - 0.062” *0.010” - 0.070” *0.001” - 0.005” ---

Plate 0.1875” - 1.0” 0.1875” - 0.50” 0.1875“ - 1.0” to order *0.187” - 1.0” *0.187“ - 1.0” *0.150” - 0.30”

TUNGSTEN ALLOY GRADES NOMINAL MINIMUM MODULUS OFEFI GRADE ASTM B 777-07 NOMINAL DENSITY ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH MINIMUM ELASTICITY

GRADE % TUNGSTEN GM/CC KSI (MPa) ELONGATION % (KSI)EF17 1 90 17.00 110 (758) 5 45,000EF 17N* 1 90 17.00 94 (648) 2 45,000EF175 2 92.5 17.50 110 (758) 5 48,000EF175N* 2 92.5 17.50 94 (648) 2 48,000EF18 3 95 18.00 107 (738) 3 50,000EF18N* 3 95 18.00 94 (648) 2 50,000EF185 4 97 18.50 100 (689) 2 52,000* N - Non-M agnet ic Compos it ions Note: Typical Hardnes s for all grades is R C 32 M A X

If you do not see the size or form you required listed above please call us. New stock sizes and forms are added often. *Products listed in italics are special order and not standard stock items. Please call for availability. **Tungsten Alloys also available as crankshaft weights, boring bars, and other shapes.

REFRACTORY METALS & ALLOYS

Physical Properties Nickel 200 Nickel 201 Nickel 205 Nickel 233 Nickel 270 DENSITY

lb/cu in 0.321 0.321 0.321 0.321 0.321

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 8.89 8.89 8.89 8.89 8.89

CURIE TEMP

˚F 680 680 680 680 680

˚C 360 360 360 360 360

MELTING POINT

˚F 2624 2624 2624 2624 2624

˚C 1440 1440 1440 1440 1440

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

micro-ohm-cm 8.5 8.5 9.5 7.7 7.5

ohm-cir mil/ft 51 51 57 46 45

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

W/cm ˚C 0.79 0.79 0.75 0.81 0.86

BTU-in/sq. ft-hr-˚F 550 550 520 565 600

SPECIFIC HEAT

Cal/g-˚C 0.108 0.108 0.108 0.108 0.108

BTU/lbm-˚F 0.108 0.108 0.108 0.108 0.108

THERMAL EXPANSION

ppm/˚F (75˚F to 842˚F) 7.2 (212˚F) 7.2 (212˚F) 7.2 (212˚F) 7.2 (212˚F) 7.2 (212˚F)

ppm/˚C (25˚C to 450˚C) 13 (100˚C) 13 (100˚C) 13 (100˚C) 13 (100˚C) 13 (100˚C)

Mechanical PropertiesTENSILE STRENGTH

ksi 65 65 65 65 65

MPa 449 449 449 449 449

YIELD STRENGTH

ksi 20 20 20 20 20

MPa 138 138 138 138 138

ELONGATION

% in 2 in. 40 40 40 40 40

TYPICAL HARDNESS Ann.

Rockwell HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 80 HRB 80

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

Mpsi 30 30 30 30 30

kMPa 207 207 207 207 207

Chemistrymaximum % unless noted

Iron 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.005

Nominal Nickel 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.97

Nominal Cobalt - - - - 0.001

Carbon 0.07 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.02

Silicon 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.10 0.001

Sulfur 0.01 0.01 0.008 0.008 0.001

Chromium - - - - -

Titanium 0.05 0.005

Magnesium 0.01- 0.10 0.01- 0.10

Specifications

ASTM B-160 / B-160 / F-3 Gr 2 F-3 Gr 3 F-3 Gr 4

B-162 B-162

AMS 5555

ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC NICKEL

FORMS AVAILABLE

Nickel 200/201 Nickel 205/233 Nickel 270

Rod 0.125” - 3.0” * 0.125” - 3.5”

Sheet 0.030” - 0.125” *

Plate * * *

Strip/Coil 0.010” - 0.062” 0.010” - 0.062” *

Photo-Etch * * *

*Though not a standard stock item, we may be able to supply you with the exact size, shape & quantities you require. Please call.

NICKEL 200/201/205/233

Description: Commercially pure, un-alloyed Nickel; used in electronics for packaging, leads, and lids.

Applications: Electronics industry, getter tabs, heating element sheathing, anodes, special purpose electron tubes, fuel cells, Ni-Cd batteries, transistor enclosures, spark gaps, terminals, anodes, cathode shields, semi-conductor supports, etc.

AKA: The Huntington Alloys

NICKEL 270

Description: Commercially pure, un-alloyed Nickel; used in electronics for packaging, leads, and lids.

Applications: Electronics industry, anode plates, hydrogen thyratron components, passive cathodes, cathode shanks, plater bars, and transistor enclosures.

Are you having trouble locating hard-to-find, exotic, or special purpose metals, alloys, or material? Is your material requirement is too small to be of interest to the big producers? Look to Ed Fagan Inc. and our Material Locator service. We’ll use our buying power and expertise to source the materials you need.

Since 1965, Ed Fagan Inc has supplied specialty metals, alloys, and hard-to-locate materials to high technology industries such as:

We have long relationships with the manufacturers of materials for these industries, and we are experts in sourcing all kinds of materials. EFI maintains a broad inventory of the highest quality glass sealing, controlled expansion, electrical, electronic, soft magnetic, magnetic shielding, refractory metals and alloys including material from VDM Metals Gmbh and Carpenter Technology Corp. We stock these materials in the forms and conditions you require including sheet, plate, coil/strip, rod, bar, wire, and foil. When you need standard stock materials quickly, we can have it shipped within 24 hours, and all materials can be certified with shipment. If you’re looking for something that we currently do not stock, we will contact our sources and try and locate it for you. And we have three locations to serve you – Franklin Lakes NJ, and Los Alamitos, CA, and Devon, UK.

HARD-TO-FIND SPECIAL PURPOSE METALS, ALLOYS & MATERIALS

MaterialLocator

www.material-locator.com

• Aerospace & Aviation

• Analytical Test & Measurement Equipment

• Automotive

• Ceramics

• Defense

• Electronics

• Heat Treating

• Industrial Equipment

• Lasers

• Lighting

• Magnetic

• Medical

• Microwave

• Optronics

• Petrochemicals

• Telecommunications

Our specialty is solving the inventory management for our customers. When you have a technical problem relating to aControlled Expansion, Magnetic, Refractory or other high-tech material application, our in-house experts can help yousolve your problems.

EFI’s formula of high quality products and ISO Certified, world class service has differentiated us in today’s competitivemarket. So if you can’t locate that hard-to-find material you’ve been looking for, put EFI’s material locator service atwww.material-locator.com to work and find the materials you’ve been looking for.

It was near the very end of his day when…

Suddenly the boss came in

This was going to be tough! But help was on its way…

Early the next morning… Another case solved by EFI's Material-Locator

But, the EFI Material-Locator

knew exactly where to find itHe didn’t have muchtime left

We need 5 quintals of

Illudium Phosdex by tomorrow!

Where can I find that?

Wow, that was fast!

That’s just what I needed!

Can you help?


Mat

erial- Locator

Mat

erial- Locator

IlludiumPhosdexIlludium

Phosdex

GENERAL GUIDE TO MACHINING NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS

The Nickel-Iron Alloy Family generally includes INVAR, KOVAR®, Alloys 42, 46, 48, and 52, Alloy 42-6 and the magnetic shielding alloys such as MuMetal.

CHARACTERISTICS

This group of alloys is not hardenable by heat treatment. They can be made harder through cold working only. The annealed hardness for these alloys is generally in the range of RB 70/80, whereas the 1¦4 H to 1¦2 H range for this group of metals, can run between RB 80/96. Material in the annealed condition will be more difficult to machine because it is soft and gummy. The tools tend to plow the metal instead of cutting into it, and do not easily form chips. Surface scale oxide is tightly adherent and penetrates the surface to a greater extent than stainless steels. Machining is considerably improved by descaling the material. If there were standard machinability ratings applied for this series of alloys, Alloy AISI-B-1112 being measured as 100%, the following percentages could be suggested for these chemistries:

INVAR 36 FM (ASTM F-1684) – 60% KOVAR (ASTM-F15) – 40% ALLOY 48 (ASTM F-30) – 40%

COOLANT

It is important to control heat buildup, the major cause of warpage. Suggested coolants are Keycool 2000 or Prime Cut. Whatever lubricant is used for machining, it should not contain sulphur. Sulphur can effect the performance of many sealed electronic parts.

TOOLING

T-15 Alloy, such as Vasco Supreme - manufactured by Vanadium Alloys Company, M-3 Type 2 such as Van Cut Type 2 - manufactured by Vanadium Alloys Company.

For machining with carbide tools, a K-6 manufactured by Kennemetal, Firthite HA manufactured by Firth Sterling, or #370 Carboloy could be used, or a K2S manufactured by Kennemetal, or a Firthite T-04 manufactured by Firth Sterling would be satisfactory. One thing of prime importance is that all feathered or wire edges should be removed from the tools. They should be kept in excellent condition by repeated inspection.

TURNING

If steel cutting tools are used, try a feed of approximately .010” to .012” per revolution and a speed as high as 35/FPM could probably be attained. Some of the angles on the cutting tools would be as follows:

• End cutting edge angle - Approximately 7°

• Nose Radius - Approximately .005”

• Side cutting edge angle - Approximately 15°

• Back rake - Approximately 8°

• Side rake - Approximately 8°

When cutting off, high speed tools are better than carbide tools, and a feed of approximately .001” per revolution should be used. The cutting tools should have a front clearance of about 7° and a fairly big tip - larger than 25° would be helpful.

DRILLING

When drilling a 3/16” diameter hole, a speed of about 40/FPM could possibly be used, and the feed should be about .002” to a .0025” per revolution, for a 1/2” hole, approximately the same speed could be used with a feed of about .0040” to .005” per revolution. The drills should be as short as possible, and it is desirable to make a thin web at the point by conventional methods. By conventional methods, we mean do not notch or make a crank shaft grind. It is suggested that heavy web type drills with nitrided or electrolyzed surfaces be used. The hole, of course, should be cleaned frequently in order to remove the chips, which will gall, and also for cooling. The drill should be ground to an included point angle of 118° to 120°.

REAMING

Reaming speeds should be half the drill speed, but the feed should be about three times the drill speed. It is suggested that the margin on the land should be about .005” to .010”, and that the chamfer should be .005” to .010” and the chamfer angle about 30°. The tools should be as short as possible, and have a slight face rake of about 5° to 8°.

TAPPING

In tapping, a tap drill slightly larger than the standard drill recommended for conventional threads should be used, because the metal will probably flow into the cut. It is suggested that on automatic machines, a two or three fluted tapping tool should be used. For taps below 3/16”, the two fluted would be best. Grind the face hook angle to 8° to 10°, and the tap should have a .003” to .005” chamfered edge. If possible, if binding occurs in the hole in tapping, the width of the land may be too great, and it is suggested that the width of the heel be ground down. Again, it is suggested that nitrided or electolyzed tools be used. Speed should be about 20/FPM.

HIGH SPEED TOOLS*

TURNING AND FORMINGCUT-OFF TOOL SFM FEED

1/16” 65 .0010

1/8” 67 .0012

1/4” 69 .0016

FORM TOOL SFM FEED

1/2” 67 .0012

1” 63 .0010

1 1/2” 63 .0009

DRILLING

DRILL DIA SFM FEED

3/8” 43 .0030

3/4” 45 .0036

MILLINGSFM FEED

35-70 .002-.005

REAMING

SIZE SFM FEED

Under 1/2” 57 .0030

Over 1/2” 57 .0045

THREADING

T.P.I. SFM

3-7 1/2 8

8-15 10

Over 16 16

TAPPINGT.P.I. SFM

3-7 1/2 6

8-15 7

16-24 11

Over 25 16

BROACHINGSFM FEED

8-12 .001-.005

TURNING SINGLE POINT & BOX TOOLSTOOLS SFM FEED

High Speed 60-65 .0029

Carbide 160-215 .025-.080

*When using carbide tools, surface speed feet/minute (sfm) can be increased between 2 and 3 times over the high speed suggestions. Feeds can be increased between 50 and 100%.NOTE: Figures used for all metal removal operations covered are average. On certain work, the nature of the part may require adjustment of speeds and feeds. Each job has to be developed for best production results with optimum tool life. Speeds or feeds should be increased or decreased in small steps.The information and data presented herein are typical or average values are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable readers to make their own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, or fitness for these or other purposes.

GENERAL GUIDE TO MACHINING NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS

GENERAL

Molybdenum and molybdenum alloys can be machined by all of the common metal machining processes. No special equipment or procedures are required to produce parts with accurate dimensions with excellent finishes. Molybdenum may be machined to achieve simple parts, very complex parts/shapes, and very small intricate parts.

TOOLS

The choice between high-speed steel and sintered carbide (C2 Grade) depends largely on production quantities. In either case, tool life is shorter than would be expected with steel because molybdenum is considerably more abrasive than steel at the same hardness, and molybdenum has a tendency to chip while being machined. High-speed steels are generally used for small quantities or for roughing cuts on uneven surfaces. The preferred carbide grades are the C2 types recommended for cast iron. Work should be firmly chucked; tools sharp and well supported; machines should be rigid, sufficiently powerful, and free from backlash.

LUBRICANTS

Many types of machining are done without lubrication; but cutting fluids may be used to extend tool life, increase cutting speeds, remove heat from the tool and work-piece, and remove fine molybdenum particles that wear the cutting edges of tools. When a lubricant is used, various high-chlorinated oils and solvents have proved satisfactory.

Soluble oils are very effective in hacksaw and band saw cutting operations, but not effective for turning, drilling, reaming, or tapping. Sulfur-base oils and highly chlorinated cutting oils are very effective in drilling, tapping, or thread chasing; and some machinist use these oils for finishing cuts in lathe operations to yield a smooth bright surface. Highly chlorinated cutting oils are most effective in reaming operations. Sulfur-base cutting oils cannot be used in machining electronic parts because of their deleterious effect on final properties.

SAWING & SHEARING

Molybdenum saws readily with high-speed-steel band or hacksaws; the practice is similar to that normally used in superalloys and no coolant is necessary but use of a soluble oil coolant in the hacksaw or band saw cut will remove chips and lengthen blade life. High-speed steel blades with only the tooth area hardened are the most effective. Hand hacksawing is suitable for light gages only. On power hacksaws, cutting rates are about 80 strokes/min at 0.004-in feed; and on band saw equipment, 100 fpm with a 6-tooth blade at pressure setting a 2 ½. About 1/8” in. is generally allowed for the kerf and 3/16 in. for camber on heavier sections. Flat patterns and formed molybdenum sheet sections can be cut on a band saw with a fine tooth blade at very high speeds.

Abrasive cut-off wheels may also be employed. Wheel recommendations are indicated under grinding. Flame cutting, on the other hand, produces a very irregular edge.

Slitting and shearing may be done at room temperature for gages up to 0.025 in; heavier sections should be heated to about 400/1000 F. Shearing is feasible on sections up to about 1/8-in. thickness or diameter. Shearing camber can normally be held to about 1/8 in. in five feet (on 3/32-in. sheet); heavier sections, however, will show considerable drag.

Sections over 3/8-in thickness or diameter should be edge machined on a shaper or milling machine rather than sheared. Machining should be done along the edge rather than across, and it may be desirable to hold between steel plates during machining to avoid chipping the edges.

GENERAL GUIDE TO MACHINING MOLYBDENUM & MOLYBDENUM ALLOY

TURNING

Speed, sfpm Feed, ipr Depth of Cut, in.

Roughing high-speed steel 45/75 0.008/0.020 0.125/0.25C2 carbide 175/600 0.003/0.015 0.050/0.125

Finishing C2 carbide 400/600 0.005/0.010 0.003/0.015

Previous studies indicated that a positive side rake angle in the range of 20/25° was essential; and other recommendations included a lead angle of 0° or slightly positive, relief angles of 7°, nose radii of 0.031/0.062 in., and honing all edges of the cutting tool at approximately 45° to the rake angles to give a 0.003/0.005-in. flat on cutting edge. A tough grade of straight tungsten carbide was found best with feeds of 0.005/0.010 ipr, while a general-purpose, C2-carbide grade could be used successfully on lighter finishing operations to obtain longer tool life.

Chlorinated oil and sulfur-base cutting oil can be used. If lubricants are not used, tool wear will be excessive. Sulfur-base oils cannot be used for machining electronic parts.

MILLING & SHAPING

Speed, sfpm Feed, ipr Depth of Cut, in.

Rough Milling C2 carbide 110/150 0.003/0.005* 0.050/0.010Finish Milling C2 carbide 300/400 0.003/0.005* 0.005/0.060Shaping C2 carbide 25/50 0.003/0.010 0.005/0.060*per tooth chip load

Milling and shaping are preferably done with C2 carbide grade tools of the design normally used for cast iron. Where production quantities make it desirable to use high-speed steel, shaping is preferred to milling, as sharper tools with a generous positive rake last longer and are easier to regrind.

Face milling is effective for machining plane surfaces on molybdenum parts. Face-milling cutters designed for machining cast iron with carbide tipped cutters are preferred, and soluble cutting fluids are essential for economic tool life.


For customers outside of North America, contact Tel +44 (0) 1548 858 770 • Fax: +44 (0) 1548 856 516www.edfagan.co.uk • email: [email protected] 8.3.08

MaterialLocator


In drilling, two-lipped carbide drills are generally used. Cutting oil should be used for all drilling, reaming, tapping, or threading operations. When high-speed or carbide-tipped drills are used, the fact that molybdenum has a lower coefficient of expansion than steel makes it particularly important to keep the drills sharp and cool. It is worthwhile to regrind frequently to avoid difficulty and delay from binding. Special precautions are necessary with deep holes (more than three times the drill diameter) because of the abrasive molybdenum chips. These precautions may involve carbide wear strips along the shank, relieving the drill, feeding the drill from below or use of pressurized coolant.

Reaming is difficult, and tool life is very low compared to that obtained in machining heat-treated, low-alloy steel.

Threading can be done in various ways. Thread cutting with a single tool, grinding and roll threading are perhaps the most satisfactory. Die threading is not recommended, and tapping is not as easy as threading with a single-point tool. Coarse threads are preferred over fine threads, as very fine threads have a tendency to break. When coarse threads are developed, the depth of the thread needs to be only about 75% that normally cut in steel. For roll threading, the molybdenum should be heated to about 300 F.

SPECIAL MACHINING METHODS

Most special methods can be applied to molybdenum. Holes 1/8 in. ID by 12-in long, can be EDM machined, using brass electrodes and machining from both ends. Holes, 7 to 1000 microns in diameter, have been made in molybdenum by micromachining with “virtual electrode” in a 10% potassium-hydroxide electrolyte. Electron-beam machining is also applicable for holes in this size range.

DRILLING, REAMING & THREADING

Speed, sfpm Feed, ipr

Drilling high-speed steel 25/150 0.003/0.005C2 carbide 40/175 0.003/0.005

Reaming high-speed steel 15/20 0.005C2 carbide 20/30 0.003/0.007

Tapping high-speed steel 15/20 –C2 carbide 20/30 –

Screw Cutting high-speed steel 30/40 0.003/0.005C2 carbide not recommended


ELECTROPOLISHING & PHOTOETCHING

Molybdenum can be electropolished in a number of different solutions. Commercially the two most commonly used are phosphoric acid – sulfuric acid and straight sulfuric acid. The first solution requires a much higher current density than the latter but also gives a better finish. Both baths are used at room temperature with molybdenum as the anode.

Photoetching of molybdenum is readily done by conventional means. The unexposed portion is etched either chemically or electrolytically. It is possible to make parts too intricate or complicated for die stamping by this method with absolute uniformity of all parts and remarkably close tolerances. Generally photoetching is limited to sheet thickness from 0.001 to 0.010 in., with the minimum hole or mesh size never less than the thickness of the sheet.

GRINDING, BUFFING & HONING

Molybdenum is relatively easy to grind with conventional machinery and practices to any degree of finish and tolerance desired. It is important to use sharply dressed wheels with generous amounts of coolant since localized overheating can produce cracks in the surface of molybdenum. Soluble oils in emulsions of 1:40 to 1:60 are typically recommended.

The following grinding procedures are suggested as starting points; necessary changes, if any, will be evident from the results obtained in preliminary work.

Operation Surface Surface Cylindrical Cylindrical

type of grind dry wet wet or dry wetwheel speed (surface fpm) 6000 6000 6500 6500infeed (in./pass) 0.002 0.005 0.001 0.0005work speed (surface fpm) ------ ------ 100 100table speed (fpm) 50 50 1/3* 1/6*crossfeed (in./stroke) 0.032 0.032 ----- -----finish (microin., rms) 10 20 30 12*width of wheel face/revolution of work

Consult your local tool distributor for the most current grinding, buffing, and honing model available. (Tool manufacturers include Iscar, Kennametal, Sandvik, etc.)

FIRST SOLUTION 4 gal phosphoric acid 1 gal sulfuric acid 4 gal water

10/14 amp/sq.in.

dip in denatured alcohol prior to water rinsing

SECOND SOLUTION 2 parts sulfuric acid 1 part water

100/300 amp/sq ft

film of blue oxide formed, removed by immersion in alkaline cleaner or caustic-soda solution

Photoetching of molybdenum is readily done by conventional means. The unexposed portion is etched either chemically or electrolytically. It is possible to make parts too intricate or complicated for die stamping by this method with absolute uniformity of all parts and remarkably close tolerances. Generally photoetching is limited to sheet thickness from 0.001 to 0.010 in., with the minimum hole or mesh size never less than the thickness of the sheet.


MACHINING GUIDE FOR TUNGSTEN ALLOYS[as per ASTM B 777-07, EU RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC Compliant]

TOOLS:

C-2 Grade carbide tooling is recommended. Use as generous a nose radius as possible.

OPERATIONS:

• Turning/Boring: Positive rake is recommended Roughing: 0.050”/ 0.200” Depth of Cut: 0.008”/.010” Feed.

• Finishing: 0.010”/0.030” Depth of Cut: 0.003”/0.005” Feed.

• Turning Speed: 250/350 Surface feet per minute.

Note: For above operations, air is the preferred method of cooling tools; coolant can be used.

DRILLING/TAPPING:

• Drilling: Use Carbide tipped or solid carbide drills with air or coolant such as Molydisulfide cutting fluid. Drill tap holes to 50-55% of thread hole requirement.

• Tapping: Use straight flute, high alloy taps. For small threaded holes, thread forming taps can be used. Nitrided or solid carbide taps will extend life of tap on long run jobs.

GRINDING:

Use Aluminum Oxide type wheels (“J” grade typical) with coolant to remove grinding material rapidly.

MILLING:

Feeds and Speeds should follow Grey Cast Iron recommendations.

Feeds: 0.003” per tooth as a starting point.

Speed: 75 - 750 sfpm with carbide tools; adjust to depth of cut.

End Milling: Slight “climb” is best starting point.

Note: For above operations, air is the preferred method of cooling tools; coolant can be used.

EXOTIC OPERATIONS:

Wire EDM; Solid EDM; Waterjet Cutting can be performed on tungsten alloys.

*Tungsten Alloys are also known as Mallory 1000, Densalloy, Fansteel 77 and Densimet.

Tungsten Alloys* are alloyed with different elements such as nickel, copper, and iron to produce a large variety of grades. Many of these alloys have engineering properties similar to steel and are relatively easy to machine. These alloys can be drilled, milled, turned, and tapped using standard tools and equipment, while using speeds and feeds similar to Grey Cast Iron. Tungsten Alloys can also be plated or painted to enhance their corrosion protection.

Tungsten Alloys have found wide acceptance in applications such as radiation shielding, medical equipment, boring bars, vibration dampening, sporting goods, as well as counterweights in aircraft and racing cars.

PARAMETERS AND TOOLING TO ACCOMPLISH PROPER MACHINING:

GENERAL

Soft Magnetic alloys can be machined by all of the common metal machining processes. No special equipment or procedures are required to produce parts with accurate dimensions with excellent finishes.

Soft Magnetic alloys that are primarily Nickel-Iron alloys (e.g. EFI Alloy 79, aka Magnifer 7904, HyMu 80, Hipernom, Moly-Permalloy and Permalloy 80, EFI Alloy 50, aka Magnifer 50, High Permeability 49 and Alloy 47-50 and Radiometal 4550) can be machined in accordance with the information found in our Machining Nickel-Iron Alloys available from our website.

This machining guide covers the machining of Hiperco 50, Hiperco 50A, and VIM VAR Core Iron.

HIPERCO 50/50A

TOOLS

The choice between high-speed steel and carbide tools depends largely on production quantities. When using carbide tools, surface speed feet/minute (SFPM) can be increased between 2 and 3 times over the high-speed suggestions, Feeds can be increased between 50 and 100%.

The following charts include typical machining parameters used to machine Hiperco 50A. The data should be used as a guide for initial machine setup only.

TURNING – SINGLE POINT & BOX TOOLS

TURNING – CUT-OFF & FORM TOOLS

SFPM IPR

High Speed Tools 30 - 40 .003 - .010Carbide Tools 120 - 130 .005 - .010

Cut-Off Tool Width SFPM IPR

1/16” 25 .0011/8” 25 .0021/4” 25 .003Form Tool Width SFPM IPR1/2” 25 .0041” 25 .00251-1/2” 25 .002

DRILLING

Drill Diameter SFPM IPR

3/8” 30 .0053/4” 30 .010

SFPM IPR

Under 1/2” 65 .005Over 1/2” 65 .010

REAMING

GENERAL GUIDE TO MACHINING SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOYS

HIPERCO 50/50A continued

TAPPING

Threads per Inch SFPM

3 – 7-1/2 68 – 15 716 – 24 11Over 25 15

DIE THREADING

Threads per Inch SFPM

3 – 7-1/2 88 – 15 10Over 16 15

BROACHING

SFPM IPR

Chip Load 8 - 15 .002Over 25 15

MILLING

SFPM IPR

20 - 30 .001 - .005

VIM VAR CORE IRONThe following charts include typical machining used to machine Electrical Iron. The data listed should be used as a guide for initial machine setup only.

TURNINGSINGLE POINT & BOX TOOLS

CUT-OFF & FORM TOOLS

Speed, fpm

Feed, ipr Tool MaterialCut-Off Tools Width, Inches Form Tool Width, Inches

1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 1-1/2 2

70 .001 .0015 .002 .0015 .001 .001 .0007 M-2

250 .003 .0045 .006 .003 .0025 .0025 .0015 C-6

DRILLING

Speed, fpm

Feed, ipr Tool MaterialNominal Hole Diameter, Inches

1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2

70 .001 .002 .004 .007 .010 .012 .015 .018 M-42

Depth of Cut,

in.

High-Speed Tools Carbide

Speed, ipm

Feed, ipr

Tool Material

Speed, ipm Feed, ipr

Tool MaterialBrazed Throw Away

.150 80 .015 M-2 350 400 .020 C-6

.025 110 .007 M-3 400 490 .007 C-7


VIM VAR CORE IRON continued

TAPPING

Speed, fpm Tool Material

15 - 20 M-1; M-7; M-10

DIE THREADING

Speed, fpm Tool Material7 or less 8 to 15 16 to 24 25 and up, T.P.I.8 - 20 10 - 25 15 - 30 20 - 35 M-1; M-2; M-7; M-10

MILLING – END PERIPHERAL

Depth of Cut,

In.

High Speed Tools Carbide Tools

Speed, fpm

Feed - Inches per tooth Tool Material

Speed, fpm

Feed - Inches per tooth Tool MaterialCutter Diameter, Inches Cutter Diameter, Inches

1/4 1/2 3/4 1 - 2 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 - 2

.050 60 .002 .003 .005 .006 M-42 300 .0025 .004 .006 .008 C-6

Figures used for all metal removal operations covered are average. On certain work, the nature of the part may require adjustment of speeds and feeds. Each job has to be developed for best production results with optimum tool life. Speeds or feeds should be increased or decreased in small steps.

HEAT TREATING FOR OPTIMAL MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

Items as supplied from the mill exhibit only a fraction of the soft magnetic properties which they are capable of attaining. To optimize their full magnetic properties, further heat treatment is a necessity.

Optimal heat treating procedures vary depending on the type of soft magnetic alloy – recommended heating temperatures, hold times, cooling rates, cycles, and types of atmospheres are all specific to each alloy. For the recommended heat treatment procedures for your material, please contact your Ed Fagan Inc. sales representative.


SERVICE YOU CAN DEPEND ON

CUSTOM STOCKING PROGRAM

We can save you time and money by taking a mill order minimum, putting it in our inventory and shipping it to you in required quantities as you need them. So you can maximize your yield or save manufacturing time by ordering material to your specific needs.

CONSIGNMENT PROGRAM

EFI can help you streamline your manufacturing process, reducing your costs and improving your service. Our consignment program puts inventory on your floor and:

• Cuts down your administrative burden

• Enables you to pull material as you need it

• Reports usage and adjusts inventory monthly.

JUST-IN-TIME DELIVERY

All standard stock items can be shipped within 24 hours – and are often shipped the same day. All materials can be certified with shipment.

MATERIALS PROVIDED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS

EFI can cut, shear, slit, or centerless grind materials to your exact specifications. We also have tremendous versatility when it comes to custom sizes, packages, and unusual materials.

OVER 40 YEARS OF EXPERTISE

Ed Fagan Inc has been solving the inventory problems of Aerospace/Aviation, Defense, Electronics, Magnetic, Medical, Lighting, Optical, Telecommunications, Ceramics, Heat Treating, and other high-technology industries since 1965. EFI’s formula of high quality products and ISO Certified, world class service has differentiated us in today’s competitive market.

USEFUL CONVERSIONS

fraction inches mm

0.0001 0.003 0.0003 0.006 0.0005 0.013 0.0010 0.03 0.0020 0.05 0.0030 0.08 0.0040 0.10 0.0050 0.13 0.0100 0.25 0.0150 0.38 1/64 0.015625 0.40 0.0197 0.50 0.0200 0.51 0.0250 0.64 0.0300 0.76 1/32 0.0313 0.79 0.0350 0.89 0.0394 1.00 0.0400 1.02 0.0500 1.27 0.0591 1.50 0.0600 1.52 1/16 0.0625 1.59 0.0700 1.78 0.0780 1.98 0.0800 2.03 0.0900 2.29 0.0930 2.36 0.0984 2.50 1/10 0.1000 2.54 0.1090 2.77 0.1150 2.92 0.1181 3.00 1/8 0.1250 3.18 0.1378 3.50 0.1450 3.68 0.1500 3.81 0.1575 4.00 0.1640 4.17 0.1750 4.45 0.1772 4.50 3/16 0.1875 4.76 0.1969 5.00 0.2000 5.08 15/64 0.2344 5.95 0.2362 6.00 1/4 0.2500 6.35 0.2756 7.00

fraction inches mm

9/32 0.2810 7.14 0.2953 7.50 5/16 0.3125 7.94 0.3150 8.00 0.3346 8.50 0.3543 9.00 3/8 0.3750 9.53 0.3937 10.00 0.4134 10.50 0.4331 11.00 7/16 0.4375 11.11 0.4528 11.50 0.4724 12.00 1/2 0.5000 12.70 0.5118 13.00 0.5512 14.00 0.5906 15.00 5/8 0.6250 15.88 0.6299 16.00 0.6693 17.00 11/16 0.6870 17.45 0.7087 18.00 0.7480 19.00 3/4 0.7500 19.05 0.7874 20.00 0.8268 21.00 0.8661 22.00 7/8 0.8750 22.23 0.9055 23.00 0.9449 24.00 0.9843 25.00 1 1.0000 25.40 1.0236 26.00 1 1/16 1.0630 27.00 1.1024 28.00 1 1/8 1.1250 28.58 1.1417 29.00 1.1811 30.00 1.2205 31.00 1 1/4 1.2500 31.75 1.2598 32.00 1.2992 33.00 1.3386 34.00 1 3/8 1.3750 34.93 1.3780 35.00 1.4173 36.00 1.4567 37.00 1.4961 38.00

fraction inches mm

1 1/2 1.5000 38.10 1.5354 39.00 1.5748 40.00 1 5/8 1.6250 41.28 1 3/4 1.7500 44.45 1 7/8 1.8750 47.63 1.9685 50.00 2 2.0000 50.80 2 1/8 2.1250 53.98 2 1/4 2.2500 57.15 2.3622 60.00 2 3/8 2.3750 60.33 2 1/2 2.5000 63.50 2 5/8 2.6250 66.68 2 3/4 2.7500 69.85 2.7559 70.00 2 7/8 2.8750 73.03 3 3.0000 76.20 3.1496 80.00 3 1/4 3.2500 82.55 3 1/2 3.5000 88.90 3.5433 90.00 3 3/4 3.7500 95.25 3 15/16 3.9370 100.00 4 4.0000 101.60 4 1/2 4.5000 114.30 4.7244 120.00 5 5.0000 127.00 5 1/2 5.5000 139.70 5.5118 140.00 6 6.0000 152.40 6 3/10 6.2992 160.00 7 7.0000 177.80 7.0866 180.00 7 1/2 7.5000 190.50 7 7/8 7.8740 200.00 8 8.0000 203.20 8.6614 220.00 9 9.0000 228.60 9.4488 240.00 10 10.0000 254.00 10.2362 260.00 11 11.0000 279.40 11.0236 280.00 11.8110 300.00 12 12.0000 304.80

To Convert: Multiply by:

inches into centimeters 2.540

inches into meters 0.0254

inches into millimeters 25.4

feet into meters 0.3048

feet into centimeters 30.48

millimeters into feet 0.00328084

millimeters into inches 0.03937

centimeters into inches 0.3937

meters into feet 3.281

LINEAR

MASS

To Convert: Multiply by:

ounces into grams 28.3495

pounds into grams 453.592

pounds into kilograms 0.453592

tons into kilograms 1016.047

grams into ounces 0.03527

kilograms into pounds 2.2046

TEMPERATURE

To Convert between degress Farenheit (˚F) & degrees Celcius (˚C):

˚C = (˚F – 32) x 5/9

˚F = ˚C x 9/5 + 32

EASTERN OFFICEEd Fagan Inc. 769 Susquehanna Avenue

Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417

Phone: 201-891-4003

Fax: 201-891-3207

East Coast Toll Free Service: 800-335-6827

WESTERN OFFICEEd Fagan Inc.

10537 Humbolt Street

Los Alamitos, CA 90720

Phone: 562-431-2568

Fax: 562-598-7122

West Coast Toll Free Service: 800-782-9657

EUROPEEd Fagan Europe Ltd.

Unit 3a South Hams Business Park

Churchstow, Kingsbridge Devon, UKTQ7 3QH

Phone: +44 (0) 1548 858 770

Fax: +44 (0) 1548 856 516

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.edfagan.co.uk

Special Purpose Alloys

www.edfagan.com

1/2017

THE MATERIALS YOU NEED, WHEN YOU NEED THEM

Documents

Controlled Expansion Alloys, Electrical/Electronic Nickel… · Controlled Expansion Alloys, Electrical/Electronic Nickel, ... Special Purpose Alloys Metals and Alloys from Stock