CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY & maintenance CEM 417 SOURCES FROM
slide: MOHD AMIZAN MOHAMD MOHD FADZIL ARSHAD SITI RASHIDAH MOHD
NASIR FKA, UiTM Shah Alam.
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Construction Plants WEEK 7
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At the end of week 7 lectures, student will be able to :
-Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of
stationary machines. (CO2; CO3). -Identify the types, functions,
capabilities and selections of compaction machines. (CO2; CO3).
LEARNING OUTCOME
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STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - GRAB A crane fitted with a
grabbing bucket Excavating efficiency is dependent upon the self
weight of the attachment Limited for fairy loose soil Fitted with
interlocking teeth The clamshell has no teeth and only use for
stockpiling very loose material such as sand The whole unit is hung
from the crane jib on a hoist rope
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STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - FACE SHOVEL Best operates from a
flat prepared surface Use for loading, excavation of embankment or
berm, loosen and load material, mostly used in quarrying and road
cuttings Can be a crawler or wheeled mounted Type of shovel:- Face
shovel Drag shovel Crowd shovel Luffing shovel Skimmer
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hoisting Dipper stick crowding
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Factors for selecting the most advantages size and type of
shovel:- Type of material to be worked Depth of banks to be cut
Swing angle that must be turned Confinement or space restrictions
Job mobility Haul cycle of the transporting equipment Amount of
work available Skill of the operator STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES -
FACE SHOVEL
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STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE Also known as pull
shovel, drag shovel or simply as hoe Used for excavating below the
level of the tracks, e.g. trenches, basement, foundations and for
other excavation work in confine situation.
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Typical Hydraulic Operated Backactor
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D ETACHABLE TEETH DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF SOIL
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Production rates depends on the depth of the excavation The
average bucket play load is equal to the heaped bucket capacity
play load multiplied by the bucket fill factor Bucket fill factor
will depend on the type of soil Fill factor e.g. :- moist loan or
sandy clay = 100% Sand and gravel = 90 to 100% Well blasted rock =
60 to 75% STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE
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STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE
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May only be used as a rope operated machine, a comparable
hydraulic system is not available Suitable in excavating loose and
soft soil below the level of the machine May be used as an
alternative to backhoe The bucket is cast out long from a boom, so
that wide apart of excavation and dumping is possible E.g. for
river bottom, channels, canals, ditches and trench Not suitable for
confined space STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE
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TRENCHERS
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Designed to excavate trenches of constant width with
considerable accuracy and speed widths available range from 250 to
450mm with depths up to 4m Work on a conveyor principle having a
series of a small cutting buckets attached to two end less chains
which are supported by a boom that is lowered into the ground at
the required depth TRENCHERS
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C OMPACTION EQUIPMENT
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S TEEL CYLINDER ROLLER Two types:- Non vibrating Vibrating
rollers
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Non vibrating Two types:- Tandem (two-axle) Three wheeled Both
types are self-propelled Able to be ballasted (added weight) by
adding water or sand to the rolls Ballast normally required when
operating the roller but may be removed when it is to be
transported Maximum effective layer compacted is 250mm S TEEL
CYLINDER ROLLER
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Two major types:- Vibrating smooth drum rollers Tractor drawn
Self-propelled Important factors when considering vibrating
rollers:- Dynamic force- force exerted by the roller. Centrifugal
force generated by a revolving eccentric shaft and total dead
weight of the roller frame and drum Frequency of vibration no. of
revolutions per minute made by the eccentric shaft Amplitude of
vibration- eccentric shaft rotates, the drum assembly moves up and
down. Amplitude is the total distance the drum travels vertically.
VIBRATING ROLLER
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P NEUMATIC TIRED ROLLERS Used on pavements such as sprayed or
asphalt mix bitumen surfacing work Suitable when material is
cohesive, such as clays, clayey gravels or loams which is free from
rock
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T AMPING ROLLER Has a steel drum fitted with feet of one type
of another Example, sheepsfoot, wedgefoot and pad foot Compacting
layer up to 250 mm Normal compaction for clay, clayey gravel and
sandy clays Poor performance on sandy gravels Not suitable for
compact sand Tower sheepsfoot roller Self-propelled tamping foot
roller
