ConstitutionConstitution

Underlying PrinciplesUnderlying Principles

Popular Popular Sovereignty: Power Sovereignty: Power is from the consent is from the consent of the governed of the governed (American people)(American people)

Limited Limited governmentgovernment– ““No one is above No one is above

the law.”the law.”

FederalismFederalism

Federalism: power Federalism: power sharing between sharing between state/federal state/federal governmentgovernment

Enumerated PowersEnumerated Powers

Powers of the Federal Government:Powers of the Federal Government: Coin and print moneyCoin and print money Regulate interest and foreign tradeRegulate interest and foreign trade Armed forcesArmed forces Establish federal courtsEstablish federal courts Declare war/make peaceDeclare war/make peace Grant patents/copyrightsGrant patents/copyrights Admit new statesAdmit new states

Reserved PowerReserved Power

Powers of the State Government:Powers of the State Government: Establish public schoolsEstablish public schools Pass marriage and divorce lawsPass marriage and divorce laws Regulate trade within their stateRegulate trade within their state Conduct electionsConduct elections Set up local governmentsSet up local governments

Concurrent PowersConcurrent Powers

Powers shared by the State/Federal Powers shared by the State/Federal Government:Government:

Collect taxesCollect taxesBorrow moneyBorrow moneyMake and enforce lawsMake and enforce lawsEstablish/maintain courtsEstablish/maintain courtsCharter banksCharter banksProvide for public welfare of citizensProvide for public welfare of citizens

Two main groups during Two main groups during Constitutional debate…Constitutional debate…

Federalist: Federalist: Supported Strong Supported Strong

Central Central GovernmentGovernment

Anti-FederalistAnti-Federalist Were against a Were against a

strong central strong central governmentgovernment

Wanted states to Wanted states to have certain rights have certain rights

Wanted protection Wanted protection of individual rights of individual rights (strong proponents (strong proponents of the Bill of Rights)of the Bill of Rights)

Constitution’s Structure…Constitution’s Structure…

Preamble: introduces the Constitution and Preamble: introduces the Constitution and puts forth the general purposes for which puts forth the general purposes for which the government was establishedthe government was established

Article I – Article III (Three branches of Article I – Article III (Three branches of GovernmentGovernment

Article IV: Rights of the StatesArticle IV: Rights of the States Article V: Amending the ConstitutionArticle V: Amending the Constitution Article VI: Power of the Federal GovernmentArticle VI: Power of the Federal Government Article VII: Ratification stipulationsArticle VII: Ratification stipulations

Legislative Branch (Article Legislative Branch (Article 1)1)

Congress (Section Congress (Section 1)1) Power to make lawsPower to make laws Control Government Control Government

spendingspending Comprised of two Comprised of two

chambers—the chambers—the Senate and the Senate and the House of House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

House of Representatives House of Representatives (Section 2)(Section 2)

Determined based Determined based on the population of on the population of the state the state – IL = 19 IL = 19

representativesrepresentatives

435 members 435 members elected every two elected every two yearsyears

Must be at least 25 Must be at least 25 years old to be years old to be electedelected

Senate (Section 3)Senate (Section 3) Every state is Every state is

represented by two represented by two senatorssenators

100 senators who 100 senators who serve six-year termsserve six-year terms

Staggered elections Staggered elections so the turn-over is so the turn-over is not too muchnot too much

Must be at least 30 Must be at least 30 years oldyears old

Sections 4 - 7Sections 4 - 7

Section 4: Elections and MeetingsSection 4: Elections and Meetings Section 5: Organization and Rules of Section 5: Organization and Rules of

ProcedureProcedure Section 6: Privileges and RestrictionsSection 6: Privileges and Restrictions Section 7: Passing LawsSection 7: Passing Laws

Sections 8 - 10Sections 8 - 10

Section 8: Powers Granted to CongressSection 8: Powers Granted to Congress 18 rights (i.e. borrowing; currency; courts; 18 rights (i.e. borrowing; currency; courts;

declare war; army; navy; post office)declare war; army; navy; post office) Section 9: Powers Denied to the Federal Section 9: Powers Denied to the Federal

GovernmentGovernment Slave trade, Habeus Corpus (no unlawful Slave trade, Habeus Corpus (no unlawful

imprisonment) Direct taxes; tax on exportsimprisonment) Direct taxes; tax on exports Section 10: Powers Denied to the StateSection 10: Powers Denied to the State

Duties, Armed Forces, WarDuties, Armed Forces, War

Executive Branch (Article 2)Executive Branch (Article 2) Can serve up to two Can serve up to two

four-year termsfour-year terms Legislative Leader Legislative Leader

(tried to get their laws (tried to get their laws passedpassed

Carries out the Carries out the nation’s lawsnation’s laws

Commander in Chief Commander in Chief of the militaryof the military

Oversees 15 executive Oversees 15 executive officesoffices

Judicial Branch (Article 3)Judicial Branch (Article 3) District Courts (94 District Courts (94

total)total) Appeals Courts (13 Appeals Courts (13

total)total) Supreme CourtSupreme Court 9 Justices of the 9 Justices of the

Supreme Court (John Supreme Court (John Roberts is the Chief Roberts is the Chief Justice)Justice)

Appointed for lifeAppointed for life Interpret the laws of Interpret the laws of

the landthe land

Remaining ArticlesRemaining Articles

Article 4: Relations Article 4: Relations among Statesamong States

Article 5: Article 5: Amending the Amending the ConstitutionConstitution

Article 6: National Article 6: National Supremacy Supremacy (Laws/Treaties)(Laws/Treaties)

Article 7: Article 7: RatificationRatification

HomeworkHomework

Find the name of:Find the name of:– Leader of the House of RepresentativesLeader of the House of Representatives– President of the SenatePresident of the Senate– Secretary of StateSecretary of State– Attorney GeneralAttorney General– Newest Supreme Court JusticeNewest Supreme Court Justice