Consonants, Vowels, Diphthongs Green

7/28/2019 Consonants, Vowels, Diphthongs Green

1/129

ORAL ENGLISH ENHANCEMENT

UNIVERSITY OF SAINT LOUIS

TUGUEGARAO


2/129

It isnt what you saybut how you say it.

It is what you say

and how you say it."


3/129

PARALANGUAGEMeaning is conveyed by thevoice.

1.Loudness level

2.Rate of speech

3.How rapidly or slowlyone speaks


4/129

4. The way silence isused

5. The range of vocalpitches

6. Vocal quality of the

speaker


5/129

VOICEVOICE vehicle bywhich people

share/transmit ideas

- connects thespeaker and the

listener


6/129

Elements:

Volume the

intensity, theloudness or softness

of the speakersvoice


7/129

Rate speed of

speech

Pitch highness orlowness

Variety volume,

pitch rate


8/129

Read the followingsentences.1. THIS IS NORMAL LOUDNESS.

2.THIS IS VERY LOUD.

3. This is soft.


9/129

Read the following phrases andsentences.1. Hello there. HELLO THERE!

HELLO THERE!

2. Speech laboratory. SPEECHLABORATORY.

SPEECHLABORATORY.


10/129

3. Valentines Day. VALENTINES

DAY.VALENTINESDAY.

4. Watch out. WATCH OUT!

WATCH OUT!


11/129

DICTION- articulation ofspeech sounds clearly

and pronunciation ofwords correctly


12/129

Art iculat ion - forming

individual speechsounds correctly with

your mouth, so theycombine to produce

an understandable

word


13/129

Pronunciat ion

-stressing and

accenting the rightsyllables in a word


14/129


15/129

THE SPEECH MECHANISM1. RESONATORS - throat,

mouth, nose

2.ARTICULATORS tongue,lower lip, jaw

3. POINTS OF ARTICULATION upper lip, teeth ridge, soft

palate, hard palate, uvula


16/129

SOME BASIC

CONCEPTS INLANGUAGE LEARNING

Each language has itsown system. English has

sounds not found in theFilipinos mother tongue.


17/129

Further, the spelling ofEnglish words cannot

be a guide for thepronunciation of the

words.


18/129

Filipino learners may

have errors through:

Substitutions: :

paib for five,Englis for English


19/129

Omissions :ak foract, ask for

asked

Intrusions :evening, business


20/129

The two steps in

learning a language:

Recognition ofsounds: ear training

to be able to distinguish

the correct


21/129

sound from the incorrect

sound (pried pis forfriedfish)

and to distinguish one

sound from another(mom-mum-maam;

mop-map tree-three)


22/129

Reproduction

Conscious reproduction-through practice

Unconsciousreproduction- after the

speech habits havebeen formed.


23/129

CRITICAL SOUNDS OF

ENGLISH

Consonantsf - fine sh - English

v - love ch - speechj - college


24/129

soft th - threehard th - father

zh - Asia

z - zero,ist - time, looked


25/129

Vowels

short a - maplong a - late

short i - sitlong i - seat

closed o - no, rowopen o - law, raw

o equals a - hot God


26/129

Short u orschwa sound -

cup, run

In unstressed vowels -

diction pronunciationteacher semester

seven even


27/129

DRILLS

Consonants

f - fine, find,

four, face,fall, friend,

Philippines,effect, perfect,

fifty


28/129

difficult, fifteen,define, half, life,

proof, off, safe, laugh,tough


29/129

v - very, vote,

value, vital, visit,vivid, vase, favor,

seven, never,


30/129

over, river, advice,

convince,love, live, give, serve,

drive, believe, receive


31/129

sh - she, shall, share,

show, sharp,

champagne, sure,fashion, cushion,

election, vacation,


32/129

delicious, conscious,English, Spanish,

brush, dish, fish,crush, crash


33/129

ch - chair, chapter,chief, channel,

challenge, champion,teacher, preacher,

virtue,


34/129

creature, actual,feature, speech,

teach, March, much,rich, reach, such


35/129

j - job, join, joke,June, gentle,

genius, general,jewel, enjoy,

magic, subject,angel,


36/129

major, individual,large, image,

edge, pledge, college,change, verge


37/129

soft th - three,

thirsty, think, thank,

thing, Thursday,theme, nothing,

birthday,mathematics,


38/129

method, author,

athlete, bath, south,youth, mouth, teeth,

month, strength


39/129

hard th - this, then,therefore, thus, they,

though, the, their,these, father, mother,


40/129

rather, other, either,

further, brother, with,

breathe, loathe,clothe, bathe, soothe


41/129

z - zero, zebra, zoo,

zipper, zap, zeal,

zealot, zinc, freeze,breeze, blaze,

analyze,


42/129

criticize, verbalize,heroism, journalism,

plagiarism, egoism,lionize


43/129

(s endings) -boys,girls, schools, does,

is, please, because,wise, choose, lose,

use, abuse, propose


44/129

zh - pleasure,

measure, treasure,

vision, usual, leisure,seizure, Asia,

corsage, garage,prestige, massages


45/129

t - time, today,tomorrow, talk, teach,

test, tonight, ten, act,subject, perfect,

correct, absent,


46/129

distract, rent, dropped,talked, stopped, liked,

worked, packed,finished

VOWELS


47/129

VOWELS

Short a - Maam,

map, man, cap,blank, fact, add,

subtract, bad, sad,land, cash, lamp,

lack math pass


48/129

last, fast, ask, answer,

thank, that, lab, land,crash, track, catch,

grammar, gather,lack, transfer,

faculty, land, exam,


49/129

example, actually,

finance, balance,absent, practice,

personality, canteen,

married, guarantee,satisfies, sandwich,

salad practical


50/129

anchor, language,

Spanish, program,channel, Saturday,

anthem, graduate,preliminary, applicant,

parents, talent,


51/129

accident, character,

personality, capital,matter, happen,

master, manager,

standard, value,analyze, analysis,

national


52/129

Mum- mom-maam

Hut-hot-hat

Cup-cop-capLuck-lock-lack


53/129

Stuck-stock-stackSuck-sock-sack

Mud-mod-mad

Stump-stomp-stamp


54/129


55/129

begun-began lust-last

flush-flash pus-pass

bug-bag ton-tanblock-black adopt-

adapt


56/129

Long i - seat, bee,

see, speak, read,teach, eat, leave,

she, each, even,fever, believe,

receive, meet,leap,


57/129

teeth, breathe, deal,free, cheese, easy,

field, please, repeat,least, feel


58/129

Short i - in, this, it, fill,

fit, ship, live, sit, slip,chip, lady, baby, ready,

Miss, mister, women,many, critic, captain,

mountain, fountain,


59/129

certain, curtain,

language, village,

advantage, sausage,college, knowledge,

senate, climate,graduate, immediate


60/129

live-leave hill-heal

still-steal sit-seat

itch-each grin-green

fit-feet hit-heatsick-seek


61/129

Bit-beat

pitch-peachhill-heel

Fill-feel

bitch-beachship-sheep

Closed o - no so


62/129

Closed o no, so,also, zero,

radio, video,

stereo, colon,motto, potato,

though,


63/129

solo, vocal, local,

going, know, show,slow, grow, tallow,


64/129

follow, tomorrow, only,

omit, over, open,okay, old, cold,


65/129

bold, told, notice,

vocabulary, October,November, moment


66/129

Open o - law, saw,

lawn, pawn, slaw,thaw, dawn,

awesome, daughter,

author, audit,


67/129

taut, laudable, bought,

taught, water, warm,

warning, war, bald,broad


68/129


69/129

Congress, contest,bottom, color,

common, logic, sorry,apologize, dollar,


70/129

foreign, commandant,sponsor, philosophy,

sociology, biology,


71/129

economics, doctor,

orange, scholar,

comfort, October,comma, double


72/129

schwa - the neutral

sound in unstressedvowels

father, mother,

preacher, mentor,color, favor, mental,


73/129

final, motor, little,vehicle, title,

example, contribute,distribute,

i t l t t


74/129

picture, lecture, tenure,

doctor, professor,similar, registrar,

moment, judgment,assignment, seven,

chicken, eleven, even,

wanted rented WORDS OFTEN


75/129

WORDS OFTEN

MISPRONOUNCED1. a piece of paper, asheet of paper, padpaper, coupon bond,

rubber band, fax,people, our, hour


76/129

2. [] centennial,

millennium, decade,

prevalent, scarce,sever, diabetic,

depreciate, prayer


77/129

3. [] culture,fundamental,

ultimate, multi-lingual,country, southern,

journalism, journey


78/129

4. poem, renege, nuisance,

unravel, awry, privy,president, precedent (n),

precedent (adj)

5. [ j ] education, graduate,

gradual soldier


79/129

6. [ d ] radio, audio,video, studio, audience,dual, duty, due, duet,

dew

7. [gz] exam, example,exact, exist, exotic,

exhort

8 contrasting pairs: [ s ]


80/129

8. contrasting pairs: [ s ]

and [ z ]

ice-eyesprecedent-president

house (n)-house (v)face-phase


81/129

price-prize

use (n) - use (v)

rice-riseplace-plays

advice - advise

peace piece


82/129

peace-piece

loose-lose

lice-lieslacy-lazy

gross-grows

cease sees seize DIPHTHONGS


83/129

DIPHTHONGS

[aI] life,

time, night, right,

bright, why, icon,

wise, file, Im, Ive,

Ill, cry, try, apply,

feisty, heist


84/129

[au] how,

now, brown, cow, out,

our, hour, oust, town,towel, powder, loud,

proud, abound

[ I] b


85/129

[ I] boy,

toy, joy, oil, boil, toil,poise, coin, join, joint,

voice, noisy, soy,

point, anoint

[ I] d l


86/129

[eI] day, play,

pray, prey, eight, ate,late, mate, train, brain,

stain, stale, stage,raid, maid, aim, ache,

April, angel, lady,

away sale bake


87/129

away, sale, bake,

matinee, sachet,gauge, amoral,

apolitical, latent,heinous, remain,

abstain, retain, Amen


88/129

SENTENCE DRILLSRead each sentence.

1.The bandage was

wound around the

wound.


89/129

2. The dump was so

full that it had torefuse more refuse.


90/129

3. He could lead if he

would get the leadout.


91/129

4. The soldier decided

to desert his dessertin the desert.


92/129

5. The insurance wasinvalid for the invalid.


93/129

6. After a number of

injections, my jaw gotnumber.


94/129

7. Upon seeing the

tear in the painting, Ished a tear.


95/129

8. The wind was so

strong to wind thesail.

RHYTHM OF ENGLISH


96/129

RHYTHM OF ENGLISH

Word Stress- The stressed

syllable is given: more

force, higher pitch, and

larger duration

Example: teacher,comfortable, testimony

A long word frequently


97/129

g q y

has two stressed syllables,

a primary accent and a

secondary accent.

Example: E-du-CA-tion

Generally, unstressed


98/129

y,

vowels are obscured ordeemphasized and given

the sound of schwa or[I]

Example: people, motor,seven, language


99/129

Prefixes of negation

should be stressed:

Example: uneven,incoherent,

disadvantaged

Commonly Mispronounced


100/129

Words:1.professor2.semester

3.committee

4.honorable5.distinguished


101/129


102/129

11. amicable

12. negotiate

13. talented14. orator

15. condolence

16 i t t


103/129

16. interpret

17. appreciate

18. controversy19. testimony

20.percentage

21 pronunciation


104/129

21. pronunciation

22. education

23. preliminary24. subsidiary

25. manual


105/129

26. actually

27. communication

28. clarification29. anniversary

30. differentiate

Sentence Stress- content


106/129

Sentence Stress content

words, or words thathave meaning in

themselves are stressed.

These are nouns, verbs

(except linking and auxiliary

verbs), adjectives andadverbs.

Two others are given


107/129

Two others are given

stress:demonstratives (this,

that) andinterrogatives (Who,

What, Why, etc.).


108/129

Function words, like

articles, pronouns,prepositions, conjunctions,

and linking and helping

verbs are not stressed.

Phrasing and Pausing


109/129

Normally, all but the

shortest sentences are

divided into two or more

parts or thought groups.

Generally pauses are made


110/129

after a group of words

which has an idea, such asphrase or clause.

Example:

Phrasing/ depends upon the

meaning/ of what you say./

Pausing is necessary in a


111/129

g ysentence for thefollowing reasons:

To separate ideas andset them apart as units

of thought to make themeaning clear.


112/129

To point out an importantid t b d


113/129

idea to be expressed.

Example:

The most dangerous forceoperating today is/ apathyof the people.

To enable the speaker to


114/129

p

catch his breath in a long

sentence

To allow the speaker some

time to organize his thoughts

To allow the audience to

digest the words previously

said

To serve as verbal


115/129

punctuation marks in a

sentence, especially when

there are commas, colons,

semi-colons in the printed

page

To signal change of ideas or

change of mood

SENTENCES


116/129

1.Ask not what your

country can do for you:

ask what you can do for

your country.

2 I have a dream today I


117/129

2. I have a dream today. I

have a dream that one daythis nation will rise up and

live out the true meaning of

its creed: We hold these

truths to be self-evident:

that all men are created

equal.

Blending- an


118/129

Blending an

uninterrupted flow ofbreath within the

thought group

/ lamateacher/ from theschool of education/.

Liaising vowel-vowel


119/129

Rule: glide between 2 vowel sounds

Go away

[go(w)away]The others

[the(y)others]


120/129

LiaisingT + Y = CHSpelling/

Pronunciation

Whats your name?[Whacher name?]

Cant you do it?

[Canchoo do it?]


121/129

Dont you like it?

[Donchoo like it?]

Actually[Achully]

Liaising consonant-consonant


122/129

I just didnt get the chance[Ijussdidnt ge(t)thechance]

Liaising consonant consonant

Rule: connect ccs in similarposts


123/129

Ive been late twice.

[ivebin la(t)twice]


124/129

Liaising D + Y = JSpelling

Pronunciation

What did you do?

[Whajoo do?]

Would you help me?

[Wjoo helpme?]


125/129

Did you like it?[Didja like it?]

Graduation

[graju(w)ation]


126/129

Liaising Z + Y = ZHSpelling

Pronunciation

Hows your family?

[howzher famly?]

Whos your friend?

[hoozhier friend?]


127/129

casual

[kazhyoowl]

usual[yuzhoowl]


128/129

Liaising consonant-vowelRule: glide consonantto vowel sounds

Shut up Work out

Look out Lay off

Shame on you


129/129

Intonation- is the tune of what we say

Id like: an apple

a carto hear his answer

to go home now

Would you like to

Documents

Consonants, Vowels, Diphthongs Green