Congenital Urogenital

MalformationsPrefinal

Renal agenesis Renal hypoplasia Renal fusion Ectopic kidney Ureteral atresia Duplication of the

ureter

Supernumerary kidneys

Topics

Virtually always unilateral. Kidney is either absent or

undeveloped. Usually causes no symptoms and

found incidentally.

Renal agenesis

Renal Agenesis

May appear as one small kidney

with the other one larger than normal.

Small kidneys also have small arteries and are associated with hypertension requiring nephrectomy.

Renal hypoplasia

Renal hypoplasia

Prevalence 1 in 1,000 people. Most frequent abnormality seen is

a horseshoe kidney containing 2 excretory systems and 2 ureters.

Usually asymptomatic but are prone to obstruction.

Renal fusion (horseshoe kidney)

Renal fusion (horseshoe kidney)

In simple ectopy, the kidney does

not ascend properly and is found in the pelvis or over the brim.

Prone to obstruction and infection. Less commonly crossed ectopy

without fusion. The kidney then lies on the opposite side and is not attached to the normally placed kidney.

Ectopic (Pelvis Kidney)

Ectopic Kidney (Pelvis Kidney)

The ureter may be absent or fails to

extend to the bladder and therefore with a blind ending.

It is associated with ipsilateral absent or multicystic kidney.

Bilateral atresia is incompatible with life. Unilateral atresia is usually asymptomatic but may cause hypertension.

Ureteral atresia

Ureteral atresia

One of the most common congenital

malformations of the urinary tract with duplication found in 0.9% of a series of autopsies.

More common in females and is often bilateral.

Often asymptomatic but commonly presents with persistent or recurrent urinary tract infections.

Duplication of the ureter

Duplication of the

ureter

Third kidney is very rare and not to

be confused with the relatively common unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis.

Supernumerary kidneys

Supernumerary kidneys