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    Remote controlled

    adjustable electrical

    downtilt

    UMTS / WCDMA

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    Downtilting of the vertical pattern reduces the radiated power towards the

    horizon and concentrates it into the cell to be covered

    UMTS / WCDMA Downtilt in GSM Systems

    mechanical downtilt

    easy handling, adjustable, but downtilt angle not constant across the azimuth

    electrical downtilt

    constant downtilt angle over azimuth but not adjustable

    adjustable electrical downti lt

    combines the electrical benefits with the mechanical flexibility

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    UMTS / WCDMA Downtilt in GSM Systems

    Control unitBTS

    Locally remote controlled adjustable

    electrical downtilt

    so far only rarely used, but importance will grow :

    - access to hardly reachable antenna sites is

    made much easier (top of high tension line

    masts, chimneys)

    - ground access means lower

    costs regarding number of

    riggers involved and safety

    equipment required

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    Big difference of mobile networks of 3rd generation (WCDMA) :

    Comparison GSM UMTS

    Access TDMA

    (Time Division MultipleAccess)

    Separation of the subscribers

    by time slots

    WCDMA

    (Wideband Code Division MultipleAccess)

    Separation of the subscribers

    by codes

    Frequency plan certain frequencies per cell the same full bandwidth in each cell

    Hand over registration only in one cell(hard hand over)

    registration in two or more cells(soft hand over)

    Cell size fixed variable

    Different networkplanning compared to GSM

    WCDMA is a dynamic network with variable cell sizes !

    UMTS / WCDMA Network

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    Power control and cell breathing

    Complex relation between capacity, coverage and interference;

    a growing load in the cell (quantity of subscibers, transferred data rate) is

    increasing the noise and the required power; communication quality is effected

    base station reduces the cell size

    UMTS / WCDMA Network

    Quelle: HU Berlin

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    The network planners aim at a continuous coverage but with a minimum

    overlapping between the cells to avoid additional interferences

    The cell breathing changes the situation permanently from big overlapping to

    reduced coverage

    --> the cells have to be adjusted carefully by means of the vertical downtilt

    considering the average required capacity

    UMTS / WCDMA Network

    Big overlapping

    Reduced coverage

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    Remote electrical tilt enables a continuing optimisation to achieve the best balance

    between interference and coverage also with respect to :

    Soft handoverDue to the low uplink power levels the subscriber signals may be received by

    two or three cells and added up by the system improvement of the uplink

    path but eating up of capacity; 30-40% of the subscribers may be in this

    situation

    UMTS / WCDMA Network

    Soft handover BTS

    BTS

    BTS

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    Due to the complexity of the system an automatic dynamic in time compensation

    by means of a RET system will not be possible the next years

    network operators fear an oscillating network and want to keep the control

    but already now the RET system can adapt the network to the current status

    on the basis of pre-measured and pre-optimised scenarios; the downtilts are

    adjusted according to the following situations:

    rush hour coverage (specific high traffic spots)

    working time (main traffic in offices)

    evening coverage (main traffic at home or in restaurants/bars)

    special coverage for irregular events (sport, games, music festivals, fairs).

    UMTS / WCDMA Network

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    Benefits :

    Up to 20% of WCDMA equipment can be saved

    Lower bit failure rate

    Smaller amount of drop calls

    Cell corrections due to network extensions can be carried out without

    sending installation teams to the base stations.

    UMTS / WCDMA RET Benefits

    Conclusion :

    For the network optimisation due to changing cell sizes with WCDMA an

    adaption of the coverage by adjustment of the downtilt angle is required

    Local control directly at the base station does not provide the required quickand permanent access

    Central control for a complete network section, e.g. via the common OMC

    (Operational Maintenance Center) is needed

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    UMTS / WCDMA Remote Electrical Tilt (RET)

    Concept :

    Each manually adjustable Kathrein

    antenna with appropiate mechanical

    interface can be upgraded to provide

    remote electrical tilt by means of a

    separate unit (RCU)

    upgrading can be carried out also with

    already mounted antennas decision for appliance can be postponed

    according to experience

    further reduced number of versions

    Remote control

    unit (RCU)

    attached

    Antenna with

    mechanical

    RET interface

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    Mechanical interface

    UMTS / WCDMA Mechanical Interface

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    UMTS / WCDMA Remote Control Unit

    RCU features:

    Easy attachment via a robust 42 mm thread

    Excellent lightning and EMC protection:- screened control cable

    - grounded aluminum housing

    - each wire control cable wire individually lightning protected

    Integrated electronic for safe operation :- easy calibration

    - last position EPROM stored

    - no position loss with power loss

    Powerfull motor with low power consumption :

    - high torque for low temp. Application (-40 C)

    - motor rotation detection integrated

    Just one RCU version for all antenna types

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    Central remote controlling

    UMTS / WCDMA Central Remote Controlling

    RCU

    Antenna

    Connection between the Operational Maintenance Center (OMC) and the

    RCU via a Central Control Unit (CCU)

    Two link circles : OMC - CCU / CCU - RCU

    OMC

    CCULink

    OMC - CCU

    Link

    CCU - RCU

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    Central remote controlling

    UMTS / WCDMA Link CCU - RCU

    BTS

    RCU

    Antenna

    Additional

    control cable

    Feeder lines

    RCU controlling via an additional cable and splitter

    Configuration of the system via Laptop (antenna

    type, calibration)

    CCU

    Splitter

    RCU controlling via an additional cable and daisy chain

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    UMTS / WCDMA Link CCU - RCU

    For Daisy chain possibilities, the RCU has two connectors

    Protection cap

    with integrated

    resistor

    For daisy chain:

    Leave cap on

    the last RCUSignalinput

    Signal

    output

    Drain hole

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    Alternative for the additional cable

    BTS

    RCU

    Antenna

    Feeder lines

    RCU controlling via the feeder line by means of

    two Smart-BIAS-Ts)

    Smart

    BIAS-T

    TMA

    RCU controlling via the feeder line by means of

    TMA + Smart-BIAS-T

    Smart-BIAS-T

    CCU

    UMTS / WCDMA Link CCU - RCU

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    NODE B

    UMTS / WCDMA Link CCU - RCU

    Summary of applications

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    The RET system is working according to theAISG standard (Antenna interface

    standards group)

    The AISG is a standardisation group with the mission statement to include the RET

    control into the UMTS standard and to define the interfaces and protocols betweenthe RCU and the CCU

    currently 42 members

    22 antenna manufacturers (incl. Kathrein)

    TMA manufacturer, network operatorsOEMs

    The link between the OMC and the CCU is

    not standardized !

    3GPP will be the next standard after AISG 2.0!!

    UMTS / WCDMA Standardisation

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    BTS

    CCU

    Ethernet

    RCU

    Antenna

    The link between the OMC and the BTS is based on supplier specific protocolsand interfaces and cannot be used for the CCU control

    Ethernet

    solution

    RS485

    UMTS / WCDMA Link OMC - CCU

    OMC

    CCU-Control BTS-Control

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    BTS

    CCU

    Ethernet

    RCU

    Antenna

    RS485

    UMTS / WCDMA Link OMC - CCU

    FixedLine

    solution

    RS 232

    Modem

    OMC

    CCU-Control BTS-Control

    Modem

    Fixed line

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    BTS

    CCU

    Ethernet

    RCU

    Antenna

    UMTS / WCDMA Link OMC - CCU

    Wirelesssolution

    OMC

    CCU-Control BTS-Control

    GSM / UMTS

    Modem

    GSM / UMTS

    Modem

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    Summary of access lines :

    UMTS / WCDMA Link OMC - CCU

    Connector

    RS 232 (serial)

    Connector

    Ethernet

    Connector

    Ethernet

    LAN

    Crossl ink cable

    Null-Modem cable

    Connector

    RS 232 (serial)

    GSM/UMTS- or Analog-Modem (Browser)

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    CCU handles power supply for RCU and TMA

    downtilt signal processing

    alarm signals for RCU and TMA

    The CCU acts as a web server with

    its own IP address

    The appearing website contains all

    required control elements for normal

    service and installation

    no separate software is required,

    just a standard browser

    Access to one CCU at the sametime

    UMTS / WCDMA Central Control Unit Software

    CCU website

    HTML solution

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    UMTS / WCDMA CCU Administration

    OMC

    CCU

    CCU

    CCU

    CCU

    CCU

    The OMC is controlling hundreds of sites, but the IP / Browser solution is relativelyslow and complicate :

    access to the various CCUs only one after the other (especially with modem)

    no reference to site names

    with HTML the whole page has to be transferred even if only one value changes

    Browser application

    HTML

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    TheAntenna System Manager is a SNMP based software on the OMC computer

    The number of controllable CCUs and the following AISG devices is unlimited

    The actual data are stored in the computer not in the CCU (access is only required

    for a new adjustment)

    fast transfer due to reduced data quantity (specially in modem mode)

    Explorer enables tree architecture with regions and site names

    UMTS / WCDMA Antenna System Manager

    OMC

    CCU

    CCU

    CCU

    CCU

    CCUASM SNMP

    Alternative solution : Antenna System Manager

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    Many operators use an optimiser tool for their network planning

    According to measurements and calculations certain scenarios are stored

    With these scenarios (individual downtilt angles) the network is adapted to the

    current situation : rush hour, working time, evening, special events, emergencies

    UMTS / WCDMA Antenna System Manager

    OMC

    CCU

    CCU

    CCU

    CCU

    CCUASM SNMPOptimiser

    Planing tool

    Combination with optimiser tool

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    Components of the RET system :

    RCU (Remote Control Unit) 860 10025, 860 10118

    CCU (Central Control Unit)

    AC/DC power 860 10006DC power 860 10026

    Layer-one Converter 860 10068

    Outdoor 860 10113

    PCA (Portable Control Adapter) 860 10046 Connection cables 860 10007,

    Lightning protection / earthing clamps 860 10030

    Splitter for DC-power and signal 860 10002

    Earthing Clamp 860 10031

    Optional

    TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier) 782 10147,

    Smart-Bias-Tees 782 10253 - 10256 Bias-Tees 782 10429

    Product Presentation RET Components

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    Roll-Out of RET-System in Taipei/Taiwan

    UMTS / WCDMA P k l ti

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    UMTSUMTS UMTS

    To alarm I/O Portsat Node B

    OMCCCU

    X

    X

    X

    X

    X

    X

    RCU

    RCU

    RCU

    Node B

    Sector A Sector B Sector C

    Power Supply and Alarm handling

    of TMAs and RCUs are controlledvia Smart Bias Tee and CCU

    TMA TMA TMA

    UMTS / WCDMA Package solution

    Smart Bias

    Tee

    UMTS / WCDMA A t t

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    UMTS / WCDMA Antenna system

    Already sold:

    > 550.000 RCUs

    (end of 2008)