Computer ScienceProject

Communication andNetwork concepts

PoorvajaJincy

Abhishek

Presented by:

• Transmission media twisted pair cable coaxial cables optical fibersMicrowaveRadio waveSatellite

• Data communication terminologies.

Contents

• Transmission media is also known as communication channels.

• They are the cables that connect two or mare workstations.

• Two categories: 1.guided media-include cables. 2.unguided media-include waves through air,

water or vacuum.

Transmission Media

Twisted pair cable

• Common form of wiring in data communication application.

• Voice grade medium(VGM)-basis for telephone wiring.

• Consists of two identical wires wrapped together in a double helix.

• Twisting of wires reduces crosstalk

• Unshielded twisted pair cable(UTP)

Shielded twisted pair cable(STP)

Types

Advantages

Simple

Easy install & maintain

Physically flexible

Low weight

Easily connectable

Inexpensive

• Incapable of carrying signal over long distances due to high attenuation.

• Low bandwidth capabilities-unsuitable for broadband applications.

• max. data rates = 1 Mbps- without conditioning 10 Mbps with conditioning

Disadvantages

•Consists of a solid wire core surrounded by one or more foil or wire shields, each separated by a insulator.•Inner core- carries signal•Shield –provides the ground•Suitable for high speed communication & widely used for TV signals.

Types•Thicknet-can be upto 500 meters long. They are thicker than thinnet•Thinnet-using this cable max. distance of 185 meters can be joined.

COAXIAL CABLES

Advantages• Can be used as the basis for a shared cable

network.• Can be used for broadband transmission.• Offer higher bandwidths- upto 400 MBPS.Disadvantage

•Expensive.•Not compatible with twisted pair cable.

•Consists of thin strands of glass or glass like material.•Light source –LEDs or laser diodes(LDs).•Bandwidth is very high.•Fiber cable consists of three pieces: core CladdingProtective coating •TypesSingle nodeMulti node

OPTICAL FIBERS

• Immune to electrical and magnetic interference.

• Highly suitable for harsh industrial environments.

• Guarantees secure transmission and high transmission capacity.

• Can be used for broadband transmission where several channels are handled in parallel.

Advantages

Disadvantages

• Installation problem- very fragile• Connection looses are common problems.• Cables are more difficult to solder.• Light can reach the receiver out of phase.• Virtually impossible to tap due to noise

immunity.• Most expensive.

Type Type Sub type

Max.Segment Length

Bandwidth supported

installation

cost Interference

Twisted pair cable

UTPSTP

100 mts100 mts

100 Mbps500 Mbps

Easymoderate

Cheapestmoderate

Highmoderate

Coaxial cable

ThinnetThicknet

185 mts500 mts

10 Mbps10 Mbps

Easyhard

Cheap moderate

ModerateLow

Fiber optic cable

MultinudeSinglenode

2 kms100 kms

100 Mbps

2 Gbps

Very hard

Very hard

Expensive

Expensive

None

None

Comparison Table

Guided media

The different types of guided media are :1. Microwave2. Radio wave3. SatelliteThe different types of other unguided media are :4. Infrared5. Laser

Micro waveadvantages

cheaper

Freedom from acquisition rights and other governmental requirements

Ease of communi

cation

Ability to communicat

e through oceans

No use of cables

Microwave disadvantages

insecure

Susceptible to weatherEffects like rain

Cost of design high

Implementation tricky

Antenna may split up in different pathway

Radio wave Offers mobility

Cheaper

Offers ease of communication

Freedom from land acquisition rights

advantages

Insecure communication

Reduce signal strength

disadvantages

Satellitesadvantages

Area coverage is

large Maintenance easy

Can cover large areas of the earth

Useful in sparsely populated areas c loses

Disadvantages

High atmospheric loses

High investment costs

Satellite disadvantages

Over crowding of bandwidths

High investments cost

High atmospheric losses

other unguided media

Infrared It uses infrared lights Used in everyday life like remotes , automotivegarage doors and wireless speakerCommon in pda’sLaserIt is a line of sight transmission Point to point transmissionIt can be adversely affected by weather

A channel is the medium which is used to carry information or data from one point to another.It is the unit of measurement for the Info. Carrying capacity of a communication channel This baud is synonymous with BPS another unitOf measuring data transfer rates. It refers to the speed at which data transfer is measured. It is generally used to measure the speed of information through a high speed phone lines or modems.

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, we would like to thank Kiran madam for having given us the opportunity for expressing our ideas through this project.We would also like to thank our friends for their creative ideas without which this would have been incomplete, last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone who directly or indirectly supported us.