Computer Programming and Languages

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    >

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiYMJV >9 BLCPYVI_ P_LD_NCCJMD NMF

    ENMDYNDIR

    Rvrybvyri

    >9-> Jmvrlfybvjlm

    >9-? Logibvjqi

    >9-2 Prldrnccjmd Qlbnoyenrz

    >9-6 Blmvrle Rvnvicimv lr Blmvrle Rvrybvyri

    >9-9 Lqirqjit nmf Ainvyri la Qjyne Onjb

    >9-1 Lqirqjit nmf Finvyri la Gnqn

    >9-4 Lqirqjit nmf Ainvyri la HVCE

    >9-8 Lqirqjit nmf Ainvyri la BLOLE

    >9-: Lqirqjit nmf Ainvyri la Ixbie

    >9->0 Ryccnrz

    >9->> Ymjv#Imf Ixirbji

    >9->? _iairimbi nmf Ryddivif Ayrvhir _infjmd

    >9-> JMV_LFYBVJLM

    N ti kmlt vl leqi n prloeic oz blcpyvir ti hnqi vl prldrnc vhi blcpyvir%

    cinm ti hnqi vl trjvi n prldrnc alr leqjmd vhi prloeic- Prldrnc j n iv la

    jmvrybvjlm lr vnvicimv trjvvim jm nmz prldrnccjmd enmdyndi- Prldrnccjmd

    enmdyndi j vhi lmez cinm oz thjbh ti bnm blccymjbnvi tjvh blcpyvir- Orlnfez ti

    bnm bnvidlrjwi prldrnccjmd enmdyndi n elt eiqie enmdyndi i-d- cnbhjmi eiqie%

    nicoez eiqie% nmf hjdh eiqie enmdyndi (i-d- ONRJB% BLOLE% B% Qjyne Onjb%

    GNQN ivb-*- Elt#eiqie enmdyndi nri hnrf vl einrm nmf lmez oi yif oz ixpirv

    prldrnccir thjei hjdh#eiqie prldrnccjmd enmdyndi bnm nel oi einrmif oz mlm#

    blcpyvir prlaijlmne-

    >9-? LOGIBVJQIR

    Navir rinfjmd vhj ymjv% zly hlyef oi noei vl 7

    Ixpenjm vhi qlbnoyenrz yif jm prldrnccjmd enmdyndi;

    Jfimvjaz nmf fibrjoi blmvrle vrybvyri jm prldrnccjmd enmdyndi;

    Jfimvjaz jcplrvnmv ainvyri la Qjyne Onjb% Gnqn% HVCE% Ixbie nmf BLOLE;nmf

    Trjvi prldrnc jm hjdhir eiqie enmdyndi-

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    ?

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir Enmdyndi>9-2 P_LD_NCCJMD QLBNOYEN_Z

    Ryppli ti tnmv vl trjvi prldrnc alr ajmfjmd anbvlrjne la n mycoir- Vhi aelt bhnrv

    nmf piyfl blfi alr vhj tjee oi n aleelt7

    A

    V

    Ajd- >9-> (n*

    Ejmi > 7 Jmpyv m

    Ejmi ? 7 ja (m=0*

    Ejmi 2 7 ja ((m30* lr (m3>**

    Ejmi 6 7 Trjvi (>*

    Ejmi 9 7 iei

    Ejmi 1 7 _ipinvEjmi 4 7 m3m'(m#>*

    Ejmi 8 7 m3m#>

    Ejmi : 7 Ymvje(m=0*

    Ejmi >0 7 Trjvi m

    Ejmi >> 7 iei

    Ejmi >? 7 Trjvi Jmqnejf Jmpyv

    Ejmi >2 7 imf

    Ajd- >9-> (o*

    Jm yv M

    M =0

    M 30 lr

    M3>

    M

    Rvl

    Trjvi >

    Trjvi

    Jmqnejf Jm yv

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    2

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiJm trjvjmd nolqi prldrnc ti hnqi yif lci jcplrvnmv tlrf ybh n ja vhim

    iei% ripinv#ymvje ivb- Cinmjmd jmhirimv jm vhii tlrf alrc aymfncimvne blmbipv jm

    prldrnccjmd- Vhii tlrf nri bneeif riirqi tlrf lr kiztlrf la n prldrnccjmd

    enmdyndi- Vl trjvi prldrnc jm nmz enmdyndi j jcpez n cnvvir la einrmjmd jv zmvnx

    nmf icnmvjb ryei nmf pibjne ainvyri-

    Npnrv arlc kiz tlrf n prldrnc yi iqirne lvhir prldrnccjmd blmbipv qjw-

    jfimvjajir% blmvnmv% ixprijlm% ejornrz aymbvjlm ivb-

    Jfimvjajir

    Jfimvjajir nri vhi mnci djqim vl qnrjly prldrnc ieicimv ybh n qnrjnoei%

    aymbvjlm% yo#rlyvjmi ivb- Jfimvjajir blmjv la eivvir nmf fjdjv% jm nmz lrfir% ixbipv

    vhi ajrv bhnrnbvir cyv oi n eivvir-

    Qnrjnoei

    Qnrjnoei nri vhli ieicimv la prldrnc thli qneyi bnm bhnmdi fyrjmd vhi

    ixibyvjlm la n prldrnc-

    Blmvnmv

    Blmvnmv nri vhli ieicimv la prldrnc thli qneyi bnmmlv oi bhnmdif fyrjmd vhi

    ixibyvjlm la vhi prldrnc- Cinm vhiz hnqi ajxif qneyi-

    Vhi mycirjb blmvnmv bnm oi jmvidir ripriimvjmd thlei mycoir lr aelnvjmd pljmv

    mycoir tjvh n fibjcne pljmv- Blmvnmv tlyef oi prlonoez vhi clv ancjejnr blmbipv

    vl y jmbi ti hnqi yif vhic jm fljmd iqirzvhjmd vhnv hn vl fl tjvh mycoir-

    Lpirnvjlm ejki% nffjvjlm% yovrnbvjlm% fjqjjlm% cyevjpejbnvjlm% nmf blcpnrjlm bnm oi

    piralrcif lm mycirjb blmvnmv-

    Rvrjmd blmvnmv nri i~yimbi la nephnmycirjb bhnrnbvir imbelif jm flyoei

    ~ylvnvjlm cnrk i-d- Blcpyvir% X>?2- Rvrjmd blmvnmv bnm oi blmbnvimnvif nmf

    blcpnrif jm n eixjbldrnphjb imi-

    Ixprijlm

    Nm ixprijlm ripriimv n jmdei fnvn jvic% ybh n n mycoir lr n bhnrnbvir- Vhi

    ixprijlm cnz blmjv la n jmdei imvrz- Rybh n blmvnmv% n qnrjnoei% nmf nrrnz

    ieicimv lr n riairimbi vl n aymbvjlm- Jv cnz nel blmjv la lci blcojmnvjlm la ybhimvjvji jmvir blmmibvif oz lmi lr clri lpirnvlr- Dimirneez iqirz hjdh eiqie

    prldrnccjmd enmdyndi prlqjfi lci iv la nrjvhcivjbne% rienvjlmne% eldjbne

    lpirnvlr- Vhi clv blcclm nrjvhcivjbne% rienvjlmne% nmf eldjbne lpirnvlr nri7

    Nrjvhcivjbne lpirnvlr

    ' Cyevjpejbnvjlm

    , Fjqjjlm lpirnvlr

    Ryovrnbvjlm lpirnvlr

    + Nffjvjlm lpirnvlr

    _ienvjlmne lpirnvlr

    3 I~yne vl

    5= Mlv i~yne vl

    5 Ei vhnm

    = Drinvir vhnm

    53 Ei vhnm lr i~yne vl

    =3 Drinvir vhnm lr i~yne vl

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    6

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiEldjbne Lpirnvlr

    MLV Eldjbne MLV lpirnvlr jcpez midnvi n vryvh#qneyi-

    NMF Eldjbne NMF lpirnvlr rivyrm vryi ja olvh lpirnvlr nri vryi

    (i-d- (6538* nmf (n53o* j vryi-

    L_ Eldjbne L_ lpirnvlr rivyrm anei ja olvh lpirnmf nmf anei-

    XL_ Ixbeyjqi L_ j vryi lmez ja lmi la vhi lpirnmf j vryi nmf lvhir j

    anei-

    Inbh lpirnvlr hn dlv lci pribifimbi nlbjnvif tjvh jv nmf ixprijlm j netnz

    iqneynvif lm vhi onj la pribifimbi la vhi lpirnvlr i-d-

    2+4'1#6,?? 6

    Jm nolqi ixprijlm ixplmimvjne lpirnvlr j iqneynvif ajrv vhim cyevjpejbnvjlm nmf

    fjqjjlm lpirnvlr nri iqneynvif nmf envez vhi nffjvjlm nmf yovrnbvjlm lpirnvlr nri

    iqneynvif-

    Vhi pribifimbi la nrjvhcivjb lpirnvlr j n oielt7

    Ixplmimvjne lpirnvlr (hjdhiv pribifimbi*

    Midnvjlm

    Cyevjpejbnvjlm nm Fjqjjlm ' ,

    Nffjvjlm nmf yovrnbvjlm + (Eltiv pribifimbi*

    _ienvjlmne lpirnvlr hnqi nci eiqie la pribifimbi nclmd vhicieqi oyv elt

    pribifimbi vhnm nrjvhcivjb lpirnvlr- Eldjbne lpirnvlr hnqi eltir pribifimbi vhnm

    rienvjlm lpirnvlr- Nclmd vhicieqi vhiz hnqi vhi aleeltjmd lrfir la prjlrjvz fyrjmd

    iqneynvjlm la eldjbne ixprijlm (eldjbne ixprijlm j nm ixprijlm iqleqjmd rienvjlmne

    lr eldjbne lpirnvlr nmf iqneynvi ijvhir vryi qneyi lr anei qneyi*

    MLV Hjdhiv pribifimbi

    NMF

    L_% XL_ Eltiv pribifimbi

    Ixprijlm tlyef oi lyr onjb tlrkhlri- Lyr prldrnc tlyef oi ayee la vhic%

    nmf thjei ixibyvjmd vhi prldrnc; blcpyvir tlyef oi prilbbypjif clv la vhi vjci vl

    iqneynvi vhic- Oyv jv tlyef nel oi fljmd lvhir vhjmd ybh n vnkjmd lci qneyi n

    jmpyv arlc jmpyv fiqjbi% njdmjmd n qneyi lr riyev la nm ixprijlm vl n qnrjnoei%

    imf n qneyi alr fjpenz vl lyvpyv fiqjbi plmfirjmd vl oi lr mlv vl oi lm lci

    blmfjvjlmne ixprijlm% ripinvjmd lci vnk ymvje ti nri nvjajif nmf bneejmd lci

    enqi prldrnc vl piralrc pibjajb vnk- Jm vhi aleeltjmd fjbyjlm ti hnee

    ienolrnvi lm vhii nbvjlm-

    Dimirneez iqirz hjdh eiqie prldrnccjmd enmdyndi hn dlv lci7

    j* Oyjev jm fnvn vzpi

    jj* Rvnvicimv

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    9

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiPrldrnccj

    Oyjev#jm Fnvn Vzpi

    Jmv Bhr _ine

    Jmpyv,Lyvpyv Fibenrnvjq

    Ornmbhjmd, Rieibvjlm

    Rvnvicimv

    Ell

    Ja iei

    imf ja Bni Alr

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    1

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiOyjev#jm fnvn vzpi nmf vnvicimv vzpi nri pibjajb vl n pnrvjbyenr prldrnccjmd

    enmdyndi-

    Oyjev jm Fnvn Vzpi

    Dimirneez nee prldrnccjmd enmdyndi ypplrv aleeltjmd vzpi la oyjev jm fnvn qjw-

    Jmv- Thlei mycoir

    _ine Mycoir tjvh arnbvjlmne pnrv

    Olleinm Fnvn vzpi thjbh j ijvhir vryi lr anei

    Bhnr Rjmdei nephn mycoir bhnrnbvir imbelif jm jmdei ~ylvnvjlm

    cnrki-d- n% > ivb-

    Rvrjmd Drlyp la bhnrnbvir imbelif jm flyoei ~ylvnvjlm cnrk-

    Oialri yjmd nmz qnrjnoei jm vhi prldrnc jv j dimirneez mibinrz vl fiajmi jv vzpi-

    Vhi ciclrz ri~yjricimv alr inbh fnvn vzpi j fjaairimv nmf jv j fipimfimv yplm vhi

    pibjajb prldrnccjmd enmdyndi-

    Rvnvicimv

    Rvnvicimv jm prldrnccjmd enmdyndi bnm oi orlnfez benjajif n aleelt7

    j* Fibenrnvjqi vnvicimv

    jj* Jmpyv lyvpyv vnvicimv

    jjj* Njdmcimv vnvicimv

    jq* Blmvrle vnvicimv lr blmvrle vrybvyri-

    Fibenrnvjqi Rvnvicimv

    Vhii vnvicimv nri yif vl fibenri vhi vzpi la vhi qnrjnoei i-d-

    Jm Gnqn

    Jmv x 7 j la jmvidir vzpi qnrjnoei

    Bhnr x 7 j bhnrnbvir vzpi qnrjnoei

    Ozvi o 7 o j la ozvi vzpi qnrjnoei

    Aelnv z 7 z j la aelnv (rine* vzpi qnrjnoei

    Jm Qjyne Onjb

    Fjc x n Jmvidir 7 x j jmvidir vzpi qnrjnoei

    Fjc o n Ozvi 7 o j ozvi vzpi qnrjnoei

    Fjc z n Rjmdei 7 z j la aelnvjmd (rine* vzpi qnrjnoei

    Jmpyv Lyvpyv Rvnvicimv

    Vhiz bnm oi orlnfez benjajif n7

    j* Blmlei jmpyv vnvicimv

    jj* Ajei jmpyv vnvicimv

    jjj* Blmlei lyvpyv vnvicimv

    jq* Ajei lyvpyv vnvicimv

    Blmlei jmpyv j yif alr vnkjmd vhi jmpyv arlc fianyev jmpyv fiqjbi (i-d- ejmi > la

    Ajdyri >9->(n** thjei blmlei lyvpyv vnvicimv j yif alr prjmvjmd vhi riyev la vhi

    prldrnc lm fianyev lyvpyv fiqjbi (i-d- ejmi 6% ejmi >0% ejmi >? la Ajdyri >9->(o**-

    Rjcjenrez ajei jmpyv vnvicimv nri yif alr vnkjmd vhi jmpyv arlc ajei lr mlm fianyev

    jmpyv fiqjbi thjei ajei lyvpyv vnvicimv j yif alr trjvjmd vhi lyvpyv jmvl vhi

    pibjajif ajei-

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    4

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiNjdmcimv vnvicimv nri yif alr njdmjmd vhi qneyi vl qnrjnoei i-d- qnrjnoei

    mnci 3 qneyi vl oi njdmif-

    X 3 >?2 7 qneyi >?2 j njdmif vl x nmf x j la jmvidir vzpi qnrjnoei

    W 3 aymb>( * 7 Thnv l iqir qneyi rivyrm aymb>( * tjee oi njdmif vl qnrjnoei

    w- Vhi vzpi la w nmf vzpi la qneyi rivyrmif oz aymb>( * hlyef

    la nci vzpi-

    >9-6 BLMV_LE RVNVICIMV L_ BLMV_LE

    RV_YBVY_I

    Vhi ixibyvjlm la blcpyvir prldrnc j netnz i~yimvjne j-i- vnvicimv thjbh j

    trjvvim ajrv tjee oi ixibyvif ajrv- Vl bhnmdi vhi i~yimvjne ixibyvjlm la n prldrncti miif blmvrle vrybvyri% thjbh bnm oi orlnfez bnvidlrjwif n aleelt7

    j* Ornmbhjmd lr ieibvjlm vnvicimv

    jj* Ellpjmd lr Jvirnvjqi vnvicimv

    jjj* Gycp vnvicimv

    j* Ornmbhjmd lr Rieibvjlm Rvnvicimv nri yif vl ieibv lmi drlyp

    la vnvicimv lr jmdei vnvicimv alr ixibyvjlm arlc iqirne nqnjenoei

    drlyp la vnvicimv- Vhi ieibvjlm la n pnrvjbyenr drlyp fipimf lm

    lci Olleinm blmfjvjlm-

    Ja vhim iei

    Vhj vnvicimv yif thim ti hnqi vl cnki ieibvjlm arlc vtl nqnjenoei drlyp la

    vnvicimv- R> drlyp la vnvicimv tjee oi lmez ixibyvif ja Olleinm ixprijlm vryi

    lvhirtji ? drlyp la vnvicimv tjee oi ixibyvif-

    Ja 5 Olleinm ixprijlm =

    R>

    vnvicimv (*

    Iei

    R?

    vnvicimv (*

    Imvrz

    A V

    Drlyp R> RvnvicimvDrlyp R? Rvnvicimv

    Olleinm

    Ixprijlm

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    8

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiBNRI vnvicimv j yif ja ti hnqi vl cnki ieibvjlm arlc iqirne nqnjenoei drlyp la

    vnvicimv

    Bni (ixprijlm _*

    { Bni x 7 R>

    Bni z 7 R?

    Bni t 7 R2

    Bni w 7 R6

    --

    --

    fianyev 7 fianyev vnvicimv

    s

    Hiri x% z- w -t nri pircjjoei qneyi alr ixprijlm _- Ja ixprijlm _

    iqneynvi vl z vhim R?drlyp la vnvicimv tjee oi ixibyvif ja ixprijlm _ iqneynvi

    vl mlm#pircjjoei qneyi vhim fianyev drlyp la vnvicimv tjee oi ixibyvif-

    jj* Ellpjmd , Jvirnvjqi Rvnvicimv 7 N blcpyvir j tiee yjvif vl piralrc

    ripivjvjqi lpirnvjlm- Jv bnm fl jv vjrieiez- Iqirz blcpyvir enmdyndi cyv hnqi

    ainvyri vhnv jmvrybv n blcpyvir vl piralrc ybh ripivjvjqi vnk- Vhi prlbi

    la ripinvifez ixibyvjmd n oelbk la vnvicimv j kmltm n ellpjmd- Vhi

    vnvicimv jm vhi oelbk cnz oi ixibyvif nmz mycoir la vjci% arlc wirl vl

    jmajmjvi mycoir- Ja n ellp blmvjmyi alriqir jv j bneeif nm jmajmjvi ellp- Ajmjvi ellp

    Ixprijlm _

    Ixprijlm#_ 3 X

    Ixprijlm#_ 3 X

    ml cnvbh fianyev bni

    >

    ?

    m

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    :

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf Enmdyndij n ellp% thjbh vircjmnvi navir ajxif mycoir la jvirnvjlm- Vhii ajxif mycoir

    la jvirnvjlm nri kmlt vl y jm nfqnmbi alr jcpeicimvjmd ajmjvi ellpjmd ti yi

    alr ellp vrybvyri7

    Alr Qnrjnoei x 3 Qneyi> vl Qneyi ? vip qneyi

    R>

    R?

    Olfz la vhi ellp

    R2

    Rm

    Imf

    Jm vhj bni qnrjnoei j jmjvjnejwif vl qneyi>% vhim jv j bhibk thivhir vhi qneyi laqnrjnoei j drinvir qneyi ?- Ja mlv vhim ixibyvi vhi olfz la vhi ellp nmf vhim jmbrini

    vhi qneyi la qnrjnoei oz vip jwi i~yne vl qneyi 2-

    Ja ti fl mlv kmlt jm nfqnmbi hlt cnmz vjci vhi ellp tjee jvirnvi vhim ti yi thjei

    ellp lr ripinv ymvje vrybvyri- Vhiri vzpi la ellp nri vircjmnvif oz lci

    Olleinm ixprijlm- Vhi olfz la vhii ellp cyv blmvnjm lmi vnvicimv vhnv nevir

    vhi qneyi la vhi Olleinm ixprijlm-

    Thjei 5 Olleinm ixprijlm=

    R>

    R?R

    2

    Rm

    Timf

    V A

    _ipinvR

    >

    R?

    R2

    Rm

    Ymvje 5Olleinm ixprijlm=

    Olfz la vhi ellp blmvnjmjmd n

    vnvicimv thjbh nevir vhi Olleinmixprijlm

    Olleinm

    Ixprijlm

    Ixibyvi Olfz la Ellp

    Olfz la vhi ellp blmvnjmjmd

    n vnvicimv thjbh nevir

    vhi Olleinm ixprijlm-

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    >0

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiJv j beinr arlc vhi aelt bhnrv la thjei ellp nmf ripinv ymvje ellp vhnv olfz la ripinv

    ymvje ellp tjee netnz ixibyvif nv einv alr lmi vjci-

    jjj* Gycp Rvnvicimv 7 Dl vl% orink nmf blmvjmyi nri dimirneez vhi gycpvnvicimv- Dl vl vnvicimv j yif alr gycpjmd arlc lmi elbnvjlm vl nmlvhir

    enoieif elbnvjlm tjvhjm vhi prldrnc- Orink vnvicimv bnyi vhi ellp vl oi

    vircjmnvif% vhi blmvjmyi vnvicimv bnyi vhi ellp vl oi blmvjmyif tjvh vhi mixv

    jvirnvjlm navir kjppjmd nmz vnvicimv jm oivtiim-

    Aymbvjlm, Ryo#rlyvjmi,Ryo prldrnc,Clfyei

    Vhiri nri vtl tnz vl trjvi n enrdi nmf blcpejbnvif blcpyvir prldrnc- Lmi j vl

    trjvi vhi jmdei prldrnc% ja ti bnm% thjbh nri mlrcneez qirz fjaajbyev alr n enrdi nmf

    blcpejbnvif prldrnc- Vhi lvhir j vl ellk nv vhi enrdi prldrnc n blmjvjmd la

    iqirne lcithnv ei blcpejbnvif yoprldrnc- Blpjmd tjvh inbh la vhi

    yoprldrnc bnm oi iim jm vhi nci cnmmir n cnjm prldrnc% ijvhir trjvi vhic

    fjribvez% ja ti bnm% lr riajmi jv jm virc la ayrvhir yoprldrnc nmf l lm- Vhi

    prlbi la orinkjmd enrdi nmf blcpejbnvif prldrnc jm cneeir nmf ei blcpejbnvif

    yo prldrnc j kmltm n clfyenr prldrnccjmd npprlnbh- Inbh yoprldrnc j

    vircif n aymbvjlm% yorlyvjmi% clfyei ivb- fipimfjmd lm vhi pibjajb prldrnccjmd

    enmdyndi yif vl trjvi vhi prldrnc-

    Vnoei >9->7 Enmdyndi Yif jm Fjaairimv Nppejbnvjlm

    Nppejbnvjlm Vzpi Enmdyndi yif

    >- Dimirne pyrpli prldrnccjmd B% B++% Pnbne% GNQN% Qjyne B++

    ?- DYJ (Drnphjbne Yir Jmviranbi* Qjyne Onjb

    2- Fnvnoni Cnmndicimv Arlmv imf7 Qjyne Onjb

    Onbk imf7 Lrnbei% CR#Nbbi% R^E Rirqir

    6- Nrvjajbjne Jmvieejdimbi EJRP% Prleld% Nfn

    9- Tio Pndi Fijdm, Tio

    imnoeif irqjbi HVCE% FHVCE% XCE% GNQN Nppeiv% NRP ivb-

    >9-9 LQI_QJIT NMF AINVY_IR LA QJRYNE ONRJB

    Vhi aleeltjmd pljmv cnki Qjyne Onjb nm ixbieeimv fiqielpcimv vlle7

    >- Qjyne onjb nppejbnvjlm nri iqimv frjqim- Iqim frjqim cinm vhi yir j jm

    blmvrle la nppejbnvjlm- Vhi yir dimirnvi n vinc la iqimv inbh vjci hi lr

    hi bejbk tjvh vhi clyi lr prlbii n kiz lm vhi kizolnrf- Qjyne Onjb

    nppejbnvjlm riplmf vl vhli iqimv vhrlydh vhi blfi% zly hnqi trjvvim nmf

    nvvnbhif vl vhli iqimv-

    ?- Qjyne Onjb ypplrv vhi prjmbjpei la Logibv#lrjimvif fijdm- Vhj cinm vhnv

    zly bnm blcpnrvcimvnejwi fjaairimv npibv la zlyr nppejbnvjlm n logibv nmf

    fiqielp nmf viv vhli logibv jmfipimfimvez la vhi riv la vhi nppejbnvjlm-

    2- Cjbrllav hn fijdmif Qjyne Onjb vl oi n blcpeivi tjmflt nppejbnvjlm

    fiqielpcimv zvic- Vhj cinm vhnv zlyr qjyne onjb nppejbnvjlm tjee ellk

    nmf oihnqi ejki lvhir tjmflt prldrnc-

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    >>

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf Enmdyndi6- Qjyne Onjb j jmajmjviez ixvimjoei vhrlydh vhi yi la Nbvjqi X blmvrle%

    fzmncjb neez ejmkif ejornrji (FEE* nmf nff#jm- Zly bnm brinvi vhii Nbvjqi

    X blmvrle% FEE% nmf nff#jm tjvh Qjyne Onjb 1 lr oyz vhic laa vhi hiea

    arlc n enrdi mycoir la vhjrf pnrvz lavtnri qimflr-

    Qjyne onjb prldrnc fiqielpcimv lqirqjit

    Qjyne Onjb fiqielpir aleelt vhi aleeltjmd vip vl fiqielp n prldrnc7>- Fijdm nmf oyjef vhi yir jmviranbi

    ?- Trjvi blfi vhnv riplmf vl iqimv

    2- Brinvi nmf bnee lvhir prlbifyri nmf miifif

    6- Blcpjei vhi prldrnc

    9- Blmqirv vl rymvjci qirjlm

    1- Pripnri fjvrjoyvnoei iv la ajei

    N ti tlrk tjvh Qjyne Onjb vl prlfybi lyr tjmflt nppejbnvjlm% ti brinvi

    iqirne fjaairimv ajei- Nm -A_C ajei blmvnjm vhi pibjajbnvjlm nmf blfi nlbjnvif

    tjvh n jmdei alrc tjvhjm vhi nppejbnvjlm nmf n -ONR ajei blmvnjm lmez Qjyne Onjb

    blfi- Navir ti nri nvjajif tjvh vhi fijdm nmf lpirnvjlm la zlyr Qjyne Onjb

    nppejbnvjlm ti bnm blcpjei jv jmvl n fjvrjoyvnoei qirjlm- Fyrjmd vhi blcpjenvjlm

    prlbi Qjyne Onjb blcojmi vhi jmalrcnvjlm blmvnjmif jm vhi alrc ajei nmf blfi

    clfyei jmvl n jmdei ixibyvnoei ajei tjvh nm -IXI ajeimnci ixvimjlm- Vhi -A_C nmf

    -ONR ajei ricnjm lm vhi fjk vl imnoei yp vl blmvjmyi cnkjmd bhnmdi nmf

    jcprlqicimv vl vhi nppejbnvjlm- Vhi ajdyri oielt hlt vhi bhicnvjb la vhi

    blcpjenvjlm prlbi

    N ti tlrk tjvh Qjyne Onjb vl prlfybi lyr tjmflt nppejbnvjlm% ti brinvi

    iqirne fjaairimv ajei- Nm -A_C ajei blmvnjm vhi pibjajbnvjlm nmf blfi nlbjnviftjvh n jmdei alrc tjvhjm vhi nppejbnvjlm nmf n -ONR ajei blmvnjm lmez Qjyne Onjb

    blfi- Navir ti nri nvjajif tjvh vhi fijdm nmf lpirnvjlm la zlyr Qjyne Onjb

    nppejbnvjlm ti bnm blcpjei jv jmvl n fjvrjoyvnoei qirjlm- Fyrjmd vhi blcpjenvjlm

    prlbi Qjyne Onjb blcojmi vhi jmalrcnvjlm blmvnjmif jm vhi alrc ajei nmf blfi

    clfyei jmvl n jmdei ixibyvnoei ajei tjvh nm -IXI ajeimnci ixvimjlm- Vhi -A_C nmf

    -ONR ajei ricnjm lm vhi fjk vl imnoei yp vl blmvjmyi cnkjmd bhnmdi nmf

    jcprlqicimv vl vhi nppejbnvjlm- Vhi Ajdyri oielt hlt vhi bhicnvjb la vhi

    blcpjenvjlm prlbi

    Fijdm nmf

    Oyjef Yir

    Jmviranbi

    Trjvi Iqim

    Frjqim Blfi

    Brinvi nmf Bnee

    lvhir

    Prlbifyri

    Qjyne Onjb

    Blcpjeir

    Blmqirv vl

    _ymvjci nmf

    Pripnri

    Fjvrjoyvjlm Ajei

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    >?

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir Enmdyndi

    Vhi -QOP ajei nv vhi vlp la vhi fjndrnc j vhi Qjyne Onjb prlgibv ajei- Vhj ajei

    blmvnjm riairimbi vl nee vhi blcplmimv la vhi prlgibv nmf j mlv nbvyneez blcpjeif

    jmvl -IXI ajei-

    N Qjyne Onjb ixibyvnoei ri~yjri n enrdi rymvjci clfyei mncif CRQOC10-FEE-

    Yyneez CROQC10-FEEj penbif jmvl vhi tjmflt zvic fjribvlrz n Qjyne Onjb

    j jmvneeif-

    Vnoei >9-?7 Oyjef#Jm Fnvn Vzpi la Qjyne Onjb

    Fnvn Vzpi Rvlrndi _i~yjricimv _nmdi

    Ozvi > ozvi 0 vl ?99

    Jmvidir ? ozvi #2?%418 vl 2?%414

    Elmd 6 ozvi #?%>64%682%168 vl ?%>64%682%164

    Rjmdei 6 ozvi Alr qi qneyi

    #2-60?8?2I28 vl >-60>?:8I#69

    Alr + qi qneyi>-60>?:8I#69 vl 2-60?8?2I28

    Flyoei 8 ozvi Alr qi qneyi

    #>-4:41:2>2681?2?I208 vl

    #6-:601916986>?64I#?26

    Alr +qi qneyi

    6-:601916986>?64I#?26 vl

    >-4:41:2>2681?2?I208

    Byrrimbz 8 ozvi #:??%224%?02%189%644-9808 vl

    :??%224%?02%189%644-9804

    Olleinm ? ozvi Vryi lr anei

    Fnvi 8 ozvi Gnmynrz >%>00 vl Fibicoir 2>%::::

    Logibv 6 ozvi _iairimbi vl nmz vzpi la logibv

    Rvrjmd Qnrji 0 vl Ojeejlm

    Qnrjnmv Qnrji Rnci rnmdi n nmz mycirjb

    lr vrjmd fnvi vzpi-

    -QOP ajei

    -A_C ajei

    -ONR ajei

    -A_C ajei

    -ONR ajei

    Qjyne Onj

  • 7/31/2019 Computer Programming and Languages

    13/28

    >2

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiBlmvrle vnvicimv la Qjyne Onjb

    Aleeltjmd vzpi la blmfjvjlmne ornmbhjmd vnvicimv j priimv jm Qjyne Onjb

    j* Ja vhim imf

    jj* Ja vhim iei

    jjj* Ja vhim Iei ja # Imf ja

    Ja# vhim j clv blcclm blmfjvjlmne ornmbhjmd vnvicimv- Vhj j jcpeiv nmf

    jeeyvrnvif oielt- Rzmvnx la Ja# vhim imf j

    Ja ixprijlm vhim

    Rvnvicimv(*

    Imf ja

    Vhim

    Vhi lpvjlmne vnvicimv oelbk j ixibyvif lmez thim ixprijlm j vryi- _idnrfei la

    vhi qneyi la vhi ixprijlm% ixibyvjlm blmvjmyi navir vhi ja vnvicimv tjvh vnvicimv-

    Ja vhim iei j yif thim birvnjm vnvicimv ixibyvi lmez thim vhi ixprijlm j vryi

    lvhir vnvicimv ixibyvi ja vhi ixprijlm j anei

    Iei

    Vhnm

    Rvnvicimv >

    Ja

    Ix rijlm

    Rvnvicimv

    Lpvjl

    Rvnvic

    Rvnvicimv >

    Ja

    Ixprijlm

    Rvnvicimv(*

    Ja ixprijlmj vryi

    Rvn

    Ja i

    Imf ja

    Rvnvicimv ?

  • 7/31/2019 Computer Programming and Languages

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    >6

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiRzmvnx7

    Ja Ixprijlm VhimRvnvicimv(*

    Iei

    Rvnvicimv(*

    Imf ja

    Vhi ajmne ixvimjlm la ja vhim Imf ja ornmbh j fjndrnccif oielt7

    Iei Iei

    Vhim Vhim Vhim

    Rzmvnx7

    Jaixprijlm > vhim

    Rvnvicimv(*

    Iei jaixprijlm ? vhim

    Rvnvicimv(*

    7

    7

    7

    Iei jaixprijlm m vhim

    Rvnvicimv(*Imf ja

    Rvnvicimv#>

    Ja

    Ixprijlm >Ja

    Ixprijlm ?Ja

    Ixprijlm m

    Rvnvicimv(* ja

    Ixprijlm#m j

    Vryi

    Rvnvicimv(* ja

    Ixprijlm#? j

    Vryi

    Rvnvicimv(* ja

    Ixprijlm#> j

    Vryi

    Imf ja

    Rvnvicimv#?

  • 7/31/2019 Computer Programming and Languages

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    >9

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiVhi ieibv bni ornmbh j yif jm penbi la mivif ja vhim iei vnvicimv nmf j inz

    vl ymfirvnmf nmf j fjndrncif oielt7

    Rzmvnx7

    Rieibv Bni Ixprijlm

    Bni qneyi >

    Rvnvicimv(*

    Bni qneyi ?

    Rvnvicimv(*

    7

    7

    7Bni qneyi m

    Rvnvicimv(*

    Iei Bni

    Rvnvicimv(*

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    Qneyi >

    Bni

    Qneyi ?

    Bni

    Qneyi m

    Imf Bni

    Rvnvic

    Rvnvici

    Rvnvici

  • 7/31/2019 Computer Programming and Languages

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    >1

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiEllpjmd Blmvrybv la Qjyne Onjb

    Vhi Alr Mixv j yiaye thimiqir ti kmlt hlt cnmz vjci ellp vhrlydh vhi

    vnvicimv oelbk

    Rzmvnx

    Alr qnr 3 jmjvjne qneyi vl ajmne qneyi

    Rvnvicimv >

    7

    7

    Rvnvicimv mMixv qnr

    Zi Ml

    Fl Ellp ixibyvi n oelbk la vnvicimv alr n elmd n n blmfjvjlm j vryi- Vhiri

    nri vtl qnrjnvjlm la vhi Fl Ellp vnvicimv% oyv olvh yi vhi nci onjb clfie-

    Vhi ellp bnm oi ixibyvif ijvhir thjei blmfjvjlm j vryi lr ymvje vhi blmfjvjlm oiblci

    vryi- Vhi vtl qnrjnvjlm la vhi Fl ellp yi vhi kiztlrf thjei ymvje vl pibjaz hlt

    elmd vhi vnvicimv nri ixibyvif- Vl ixibyvi n oelbk la vnvicimv thjei n blmfjvjlm

    j vryi% yi vhi aleeltjmd zmvnx7

    Fl thjeiblmfjvjlm

    Rvnvicimv oelbk

    Ellp

    Vl ixibyvi n oelbk la vnvicimv ymvje vhi blmfjvjlm oiblci vryi yi vhi aleeltjmdzmvnx7

    Fl Ymvje Blmfjvjlm

    Rvnvicimv oelbk

    Ellp

    Jmjvjnejwi qnr vl jmjvjne qneyi

    Qnr= Ajmne

    Qneyi

    Ixibyvi olfz la prldrnc

  • 7/31/2019 Computer Programming and Languages

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    >4

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf Enmdyndi>9-1 LQI_QJIT NMF AINVY_IR LA GNQN

    Gnqn j n dimirne pyrpli% logibv lrjimvif enmdyndi fiqielpif oz Rym

    Cjbrlzvic la YRN jm >::>- Vhi clv vrjkjmd ainvyri la vhi enmdyndi j vhnv jv j

    penvalrc miyvrne enmdyndi- Gnqn j vhi ajrv prldrnccjmd enmdyndi vhnv j mlv vjif vl

    nmz pnrvjbyenr hnrftnri lr lpirnvjmd zvic- Prldrnc fiqielpif jm Gnqn bnm oi

    ixibyvif nmzthiri lm nmz zvic- Vhi jcplrvnmv ainvyri la Gnqn j n ymfir7

    >- Blcpjeif nmf Jmvirprivif

    ?- Logibv Lrjimvif

    2- Fjvrjoyvif

    6- Cyevj vhrinfif

    Yyneez% blcpyvir enmdyndi j ijvhir blcpjeif lr jmvirprivif- Gnqn blcojmi olvhvhii npprlnbhi vhy cnkjmd Gnqn n vtl#vndi zvic- Gnqn blcpjeir vrnmenvi

    lyrbi blfi jmvl thnv j kmltm n ozvi blfi jmvrybvjlm- Ozvi blfi nri mlv cnbhjmi

    jmvrybvjlm nmf vhirialri% Gnqn jmvirprivir dimirnvi cnbhjmi blfi vhnv bnm oi

    fjribvez ixibyvif oz vhi cnbhjmi vhnv j rymmjmd Gnqn prldrnc-

    Gnqn j n vryi logibv lrjimvif enmdyndi- Neclv iqirzvhjmd jm Gnqn j nm logibv- Nee

    prldrnc blfi nmf fnvn rijfi tjvhjm logibv nmf beni-

    Gnqn j fijdmif n n fjvrjoyvif enmdyndi alr brinvjmd nppejbnvjlm lm mivtlrk- Jv

    hn vhi nojejvz vl hnri olvh fnvn nmf prldrnc- Gnqn nppejbnvjlm bnm lpim nmf

    nbbi riclvi logibv lm Jmvirmiv n injez n vhiz bnm fl jm n elbne zvic- Vhj

    imnoei cyevjpei prldrnccir nv cyevjpei elbnvjlm vl bleenolrnvi nmf tlrk vldivhirlm n jmdei logibv-

    Cyevjvhrinfif cinm hnmfejmd cyevjpei vnk jcyevnmilyez- Gnqn ypplrv

    cyevjvhrinfif prldrnc- Vhj cinm vhnv ti miif mlv tnjv alr vhi nppejbnvjlm vl

    ajmjh lmi vnk oialri oidjmmjmd nmlvhir i-d- ti bnm ejvim vl nm nyfjl bejp thjei

    brleejmd n pndi nmf nv vhi nci vjci fltmelnfif nm nppeiv arlc n fjvnmv blcpyvir-

    Gnqn fli mlv ypplrv cyevjpei jmhirjvnmbi nmf pljmvir-

    Gnqn Imqjrlmcimv

    Gnqn imqjrlmcimv jmbeyfi n enrdi mycoir la fiqielpcimv vlle nmf hymfrif la

    beni nmf civhlf- Vhi fiqielpcimv vlle nri pnrv la Gnqn Fiqielpcimv Kjv(GFK* nmf beni nmf civhlf nri pnrv la Gnqn Rvnmfnrf Ejornrz (GRE*-

    Cnjm Gnqn Fiqielpcimv vlle nri n aleelt7

    Vnoei >9-27 Gnqn Fiqielpcimv Vlle

    Vlle Fibrjpvjlm

    Nppeivqjitir Imnoei y vl rym Gnqn nppeiv (tjvhlyv nbvyneez yjmd n Gnqn

    blcpnvjoei orltir*-

    Gnqn Gnqn jmvirprivir% thjbh rym nppeiv nmf nppejbnvjlm oz rinfjmd nmf

    jmvirprivjmd ozvi blfi-

    Gnqnb Vhi gnqn blcpjeir% thjbh vrnmenvi Gnqn lyrbi blfi vl ozvi blfi

    ajei vhnv vhi jmvirprivir bnm ymfirvnmf-

    Gnqnflb Brinvi HVCE alrcnv flbycimvnvjlm arlc Gnqn lyrbi blfi ajei-

    Gnqnh Prlfybi hinfir ajei alr yi tjvh mnvjqi civhlf-

    Gnqnp Gnqn fjnicoeir% thjbh imnoei y vl blmqirv ozvi blfi ajei jmvl

    n prldrnc fibrjpvjlm-

    Gfo Gnqn fioyddir% thjbh hiep y vl ajmf irrlr jm lyr prldrnc-

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    >8

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiVhi tnz vhii vlle nri nppejif vl oyjef nmf rym nppejbnvjlm prldrnc j hlt oielt jm

    vhi ajdyri

    Gnqn vnmfnrf ejornrz jmbeyfi hymfrif la beni nmf civhlf drlypif jmvl jx

    aymbvjlmne pnbkndi-

    >- Enmdyndi Rypplrv Pnbkndi7 Bleeibvjlm la beni nmf civhlf ri~yjrif alr

    jcpeicimvjmd onjb ainvyri la Gnqn-

    ?- Yvjejvji Pnbkndi7 N bleeibvjlm la beni vl prlqjfi yvjejvz aymbvjlm ybh n

    vjci nmf fnvi-

    2- Jmpyv ,Lyvpyv Pnbkndi7 N bleeibvjlm la beni ri~yjrif alr jmpyv,lyvpyv

    cnmjpyenvjlm-

    6- Mivtlrkjmd Pnbkndi7 N bleeibvjlm la beni alr blccymjbnvjmd tjvh lvhir

    blcpyvir qjn jmvrnmiv lr Jmvirmiv-

    9- Ntv Pnbkndi7 Vhi novrnbv tjmflt vlle kjv pnbkndi blmvnjm beni vhnv

    jcpeicimv penvalrc jmfipimfimv drnphjbne yir jmviranbi (DYJ*-

    1- Nppeiv pnbkndi7 Vhj jmbeyfi n iv la beni vhnv neelt y vl brinvi gnqn

    nppeiv- Nppeiv nri cnee gnqn prldrnc fiqielpif alr jmvrnmiv, Jmvirmiv

    nppejbnvjlm-

    Nm nppeiv elbnvif lm n fjvnmv blcpyvir (irqir* bnm oi fltmelnfif qjn jmvirmiv,

    jmvrnmiv nmf ixibyvif lm n elbne blcpyvir (bejimv* yjmd n gnqn bnpnoei orltir

    Gnqn Rlyrbi

    BlfiGnqnflb

    Gnqnb

    Gnqn Ben

    AjeiGnqnh

    Gnqn Gfo

    Gnqn Prldrnc Lyvpyv

    Gnqn Prldrnc

    Rlyrbi BlfiGnqn Blcpjeir

    Ozvi Blfi Gnqn Jmvirprivi

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    >:

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiRvrybvyri la Gnqn prldrnc

    N gnqn prldrnc cnz blmvnjm cnmz beni la thjbh lmez lmi ben fiajmi n cnjm

    civhlf- N ben blmvnjm fnvn cicoir nmf civhlf vhnv lpirnvi lm vhi fnvn

    cicoir la vhi ben- N gnqn prldrnc cnz blmvnjm vhi aleeltjmd ibvjlm7

    Flbycimvnvjlm ibvjlm Ryddivif

    Pnbkndi Rvnvicimv Lpvjlmne

    Jcplrv Rvnvicimv Lpvjlmne

    Jmviranbi vnvicimv Lpvjlmne

    Ben fiajmjvjlm Lpvjlmne

    Cnjm civhlf ben Iimvjne

    Nee Gnqn lyrbi ajei tjee hnqi vhi ixvimjlm Gnqn% nel ja n prldrnc blmvnjm cyevjpeibeni% vhi ajei mnci cyv oi vhi ben mnci la vhi ben blmvnjm vhi cnjm civhlf-

    Vnoei >9-67 Oyjef#jm fnvn vzpi la GNQN

    Fnvn Vzpi Rvlrndi _i~yjricimv _nmdi

    Ozvi > ozvi #>?8 vl >?4

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    :%??2%24?%021%869%449%804

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    Blmvrle Rvnvicimv

    Vhi ja#iei vnvicimv jm gnqn cnz oi jcpeicimvif jm aleeltjmd fjaairimv alrc

    fipimfjmd lm vhi blcpeixjvz ja blmfjvjlm vl oi vivif7

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    ?0

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiJa (ixprijlm*

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    nmf Enmdyndi

    V A

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    V A

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    ??

    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir EnmdyndiJm fl vnvicimv viv blmfjvjlm j iqneynvif vhi olvvlc la vhi ellp himbi riyevjmd nv

    einv lmi vjci ixibyvjlm la vhi olfz la vhi ellp jrripibvjqi la vhi qneyi la viv

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    Fl

    {

    Olfz la ellp;

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    Qnrjnoei

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    ?2

    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf Enmdyndi>9- 4 LQI_QJIT NMF AINVY_IR LA HZPI_VIXV

    CN_KYP ENMDYNDI

    N n tio jmalrcnvjlm prlqjfir% ti pripnri flbycimv jm n cnrkyp enmdyndi kmltm

    n Hzpirvixv Cnrkyp Enmdyndi (HVCE*- HVCE j mlv n pndi fibrjpvjlm enmdyndi

    (ejki Pnv Rbrjpv*- Tjvh HVCE% ti bnm fibrjoi vhi vrybvyri la lyr tio flbycimv%

    jmbeyfjmd rienvif jmalrcnvjlm ybh n vhi jmvidrnvjlm la cyevjcifjn nmf yi la

    hzpirejmk- Jv nel ejmk gnqn nppeiv vl lyr tio jvi-

    HVCE j nbvyneez n yoiv la nm jmvirmnvjlmneez kmltm vnmfnrf bneeif Rvnmfnrf

    Dimirnejwif Cnrkyp Enmdyndi (RDCE*- Vhi nfqnmvndi la HVCE j vhnv ti bnm

    brinvi jv flbycimv tjvh jcpei NRBJJ vixv ifjvlr% thjbh j mlv netnz vryi alr

    flbycimv onif lm RDCE- HVCE fiajmi flbycimv l vhnv nmz orltir rymmjmd

    lm nmz blcpyvir bnm rinf n fjpenz vhic-

    Vhi onjb HVCE blccnmf vhnv nri miifif vl brinvi tio pndi anee jmvl aleeltjmd

    bnvidlrji7

    Rvrybvyrne Blccnmf

    Vhii jfimvjaz n ajei n nm HVCE flbycimv nmf prlqjfi jmalrcnvjlm nolyv vhi fnvn jm

    vhi HVCE ajei-

    Pnrndrnph alrcnvvjmd Blccnmf

    Vhii pibjaz pnrndrnph imfpljmv nmf hinfjmd eiqie-

    Bhnrnbvir alrcnvvjmd Blccnmf

    Vhii neelt y vl nppez qnrjly vzei vl vhi bhnrnbvir jm lyr flbycimv-

    Ejv pibjajbnvjlm Blccnmf

    HVCE ypplrv iqirne ejv alrcnv jmbeyfjmd oyeeivif mycoirif nmf fiajmjvjlm ejv-

    Hzpir ejmkjmd blccnmfVhii neelt y vl prlqjfi jmalrcnvjlm nolyv clqjmd arlc lmi flbycimv vl nmlvhir-

    Niv jmvirnbvjlm blccnmf

    Vhii neelt y nbbi vl cyevjcifjn jmalrcnvjlm- Vhrlydh vhii blccnmf% ti bnm

    fjpenz drnphjbne jcndi% nbbi lymf nmf prlqjfi fjdjvne clqji alr yir-

    Vhi olfz la nmz HVCE flbycimv j n ymfir7

    5HVCE=

    5HINF=

    5VJVEI= Vhj j flbycimv vjvei 5,VJVEI=

    5,HINF=

    5OLFZ=

    7

    7

    7

    Vhj j flbycimv vixv

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    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir Enmdyndi7

    75OLFZ=

    5,HVCE=

    HVCE ajei hn -HVC lr -HVCE n vhijr ajei mnci ixvimjlm-

    Nbvjqjvz O

    N Prjmbjpne tnmv vl cnki n tio jvi alr vhi jmalrcnvjlm la pnrimv l vhnv vhiz bnm

    div jmalrcnvjlm la vhijr prldri la vhijr tnrf jm vhi bhlle n tiee nolyv qnrjly

    bhici la vhi bhlle-

    >- Cnki n fjndrnc alr vhi tiojvi-

    ?- Thjbh enmdyndi tlyef zly priair alr vhnv tiojvi-

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    >9-8 LQI_QJIT NMF AINVY_IR LA BLOLE

    BLOLE j n blcpjeir enmdyndi vhnv j blcclmez yif vl leqi fnvn prlbijmd jm

    blccirbjne lrdnmjwnvjlm- BLOLE j mlv yjvnoei alr bjimvjajb pyrpli prldrnccjmd-

    BLOLE j vhi nooriqjnvjlm la Blccnmf Oyjmi Lrjimvif Enmdyndi-

    BLOLE lyrbi prldrnc j trjvvim jm Blfi hiiv- Jm vhi blfjmd hiiv inbh ejmi hn

    ajqi aleeltjmd wlmi7

    j* Bleycm >#1 7 yif alr i~yimbi mycoir

    jj* Bleycm 4 7 yif alr blmvjmynvjlm cnrk nm

    nvirjk ('* cinm blccimv

    jjj* Bleycm 8#>> 7 Cnrdjm N imvrji

    jq* Bleycm >?#4? 7 Cnrdjm O imvrji

    q* Bleycm 42#80 7 Yir alr trjvjmd jfimvjajbnvjlm la

    prldrnc

    Vhiri nri alyr fjqjjlm jm nmz BLOLE prldrnc

    JFIMVJAJBNVJLM FJQJRJLM

    IMQJ_LMCIMV FJQJRJLM

    FNVN FJQJRJLM

    P_LBIFY_I FJQJRJLM

    Inbh fjqjjlm cnz hnqi iqirne ibvjlm- Inbh ibvjlm cnz hnqi iqirne pnrndrnph-

    Inbh pnrndrnph cnz hnqi iqirne imvimbi- Inbh imvimbi cnz hnqi iqirne

    vnvicimv- Yyneez% n vnvicimv j vircjmnvif oz n blccn (%* lr n pirjlf (-*-

    Fjqjjlm hinfjmd% ibvjlm mnci pnrndrnph mnci% eiqie mycoir nri yyneez cnrdjm

    O imvrji-

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    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf EnmdyndiJfimvjajbnvjlm Fjqjjlm

    Vhj j vhi ajrv fjqjjlm la iqirz BLOLE prldrnc- Jv hn ml fjribv iaaibv lm

    vhi ixibyvjlm la vhi prldrnc-

    JFIMVJAJBNVJLM FJQJRJLM

    P_LD_NC#JF- 5Prldrnc Mnci=

    [ NYVHL_- 5nyvhlr Mnci= S

    [ JMRVNEENVJLM- 5mnci la jmvneenvjlm=S

    [ FNVI#T_JVVIM- 5fnvi=S

    [ FNVI#BLCPJEIF 5fnvi=S

    [ RIBY_JVZ- 5vnvy la ibyrjvz=S

    [ _ICN_KR- 5ricnrk lr blccimv=S

    Vhi tlrf imbelif tjvh 5 = nri vl oi ymfirvllf n dimirjb virc riairimbjmd vhi

    BLOLE enmdyndi jvic- Vhi tlrf imbelif tjvhjm [S nri lpvjlmne nmf vhli

    imbelif tjvh { s nri ymfirvllf vl oi nevirmnvjqi-

    Jm jfimvjajbnvjlm fjqjjlm vhi pnrndrnph P_LD_NC#JF j iimvjne- Vhi lvhir

    pnrndrnph nri lpvjlmne nmf cnbhjmi fipimfimv-

    Imqjrlmcimv Fjqjjlm

    Vhj j vhi iblmf fjqjjlm la n BLOLE prldrnc nmf j clvez cnbhjmi lrjimvif- Jv

    blmvnjm jmalrcnvjlm ridnrfjmd vhi i~yjpcimv vl oi yif alr prlbijmd vhi prldrnc

    nmf hn vtl ibvjlm qjw- Blmajdyrnvjlm Ribvjlm nmf JMPYV#LYVPYV Ribvjlm- Vhi

    vrybvyri la vhj fjqjjlm j n ymfir7

    IMQJ_LMCIMV FJQJRJLM-

    BLMAJDY_NVJLM RIBVJLM-

    RLY_BI#BLCPYVI_- 5lyrbi blcpyvir mnci=

    LOGIBV BLCPYVI_ 5logibv blcpyvir imvrz=

    [RPIBJNE#MNCIR- 5pibjne mnci imvrz=S

    JMPYV#LYVPYV RIBVJLM-

    AJEI#BLMV_LE- 5ajei blmvrle benyi=

    [J#L BLMV_LE- 5jmpyv#lyvpyv blmvrle imvrji=-

    Fnvn Fjqjjlm

    Vhj fjqjjlm la n BLOLE prldrnc j yif vl fibrjoi iqirz fnvn jvic vl oi

    prlbiif oz vhi prldrnc jmvrybvjlm jm vhi P_LBIFY_I FJQJRJLM- Vhi jmpyv

    lyvpyv ajei% thjbh nri mncif jm vhi Jmpyv#Lyvpyv Ribvjlm lr vhi Imqjrlmcimv

    Fjqjjlm% nri fibrjoif jm fivnje jm vhi Ajei Ribvjlm la vhi Fnvn Fjqjjlm- Nmlvhir

    ibvjlm jm vhj fjqjjlm j vhi TL_KJMD RVL_NDI RIBVJLM jm thjbh nee ajief la

    vhi fnvn jvic% thjbh nri ri~yjrif alr jmvirmne prlbijmd oyv nri mlv pnrv la jmpyv

    lyvpyv% nri fibrjoif-

    FNVN FJQJRJLM-

    AJEI RIBVJLM-

    AF 5ajei mnci=;

    _IBL_FJMD CLFI JR 5clfi=

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    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir Enmdyndi[OELBK BLMVNJMR [5jmvidir= VLS 5jmvidir= _IBL_FR

    BHN_NBVI_RS[; ENOIE { _IBL_F j s {Rvnmfnrfs

    {_IBL_FR nris {Lcjvvifs

    [;_IBL_F BLMVNJMR [5jmvidir= VLS 5jmvidir= BHN_NBVI_RS

    [; QNEYI LA 5fnvn#mnci JR {fnvn#mncis {ejvirnes

    [%5fnvn#mnci= JR {fnvn#mnci {ejvirnesS

    [; FNVN {riblrf JRs 5fnvn#mnci= [%5fnvn#mnci=-S

    Tlrkjmd Rvlrndi Ribvjlm

    Prlbifyri Fjqjjlm

    Vhj fjqjjlm blmvnjm vhi nbvyne jmvrybvjlm alr cnmjpyenvjlm nmf prlbijmd la fnvn

    tjvh vhi hiep la ixibyvnoei vnvicimv- Vhj fjqjjlm j yyneez lrdnmjwif jmvl iqirne

    pnrndrnph- N pnrndrnph vnrv tjvh n pnrndrnph mnci% aleeltif oz n pirjlf nmf lmi

    lr clri imvimbi- N BLOLE jmvrybvjlm j n qnejf blcojmnvjlm la qiro nmf

    phrni- Vhiri nri vhrii bnvidlrji la BLOLE vnvicimv7

    n* Jcpirnvjqi vnvicimv% thjbh netnz vnrv tjvh n qiro i-d- NFF% CLQI%

    _INF% T_JVI ivb-

    o* Blmfjvjlmne Rvnvicimv% thjbh fjribv vhi blcpyvir vl ajmf vhi vryvh qneyi la n

    blmfjvjlm nmf vnki yoi~yimv ornmbhjmd vl lmi la vhi nevirmnvjqi pnvh

    fipimfjmd yplm vhi vryvh qneyi- Ja vnvicimv j lmi ybh blmfjvjlmne vnvicimv-

    b* Blcpjeir fjribvjmd vnvicimv% thjbh fjribv vhi BLOLE blcpjeir nv vhi vjci la

    blcpjenvjlm nmf fli mlv dimirnvi nmz jmvrybvjlm jm vhi logibv prldrnc-

    >9-: LQI_QJIT NMF AINVY_IR LA IXBIE

    Cjbrllav Ixbie j n prldrnc pibjneez fijdmif vl imvir lrdnmjwif fnvn n tiee n vl

    nmnezwi nmf priimv vhi fnvn nvvrnbvjqiez- Ixbie j lmi la vhi clv qirnvjei nmf

    plpyenr prinfhiiv prldrnc- Jv irqi n nm% ieibvrlmjb pnf alr nbblymvnmv- Jv nm

    injez piralrc jcpei n tiee n blcpeix cnvhicnvjbne lpirnvjlm- Rprinfhiiv j n

    jcpei tlrkhiiv blmjvjmd la rlt nmf bleycm jm thjbh nmz fnvn bnm oi imvirif

    i-d- riplrv bnrf la vyfimv nri cnmyne prinfhiiv- Nm ieibvrlmjb prinfhiiv

    jmvinf la oijmd lm pnpir% jv j lm vhi blcpyvir briim-

    Rprinfhiiv nri yif alr piralrcjmd bnebyenvjlm% ribnebyenvjmd riyev ja nmz fnvn

    vlrif jm vhic j bhnmdif% brinvjmd ajmnmbjne riplrv% blcpnrjmd riplrv ivb- N qirz

    yiaye ainvyri la prinfhiiv j jv nojejvz vl brinvi drlyp- Jv hiep zly ivnoejh

    rienvjlm#hjp oivtiim vtl lr clri iv la fnvn nmf injez ymfirvnmf vhi vrimf la

    fnvn bhnmdi-

    N prinfhiiv blmjv la rlt nmf bleycm% thjbh blcojmi vl alrc biee- N Biee j

    n olx thiri ti bnm imvir fnvn- Bleycm alrc vhi qirvjbne ejmi la bnee thjei rlt

    alrc vhi hlrjwlmvne ejmi la biee- Biee j nm jmviribvjlm la rlt nmf bleycm- Vl

    fibrjoi vhi elbnvjlm lr nffri la n biee% ti hnqi vl trjvi vhi mnci la vhi bleycm

    nmf vhi rlt thli jmviribvjlm hn brinvif vhj biee-

    { s

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    Blcpyvir Prldrnccjmd

    nmf Enmdyndi

    N O B

    >

    ?

    2

    6

    9

    Biee O2 j elbnvjlm la nffri la vhj biee% thjbh cinm bleycm O% ! rlt 2-

    Enoie nri vhi hinfjmd% thjbh ti imvir jm biee- Qneyi nri vhi mycoir lm thjbhbnebyenvjlm nri piralrcif- Alrcyen nmf aymbvjlm nri ieicimv vhnv piralrc vhi

    fijrif bnebyenvjlm lm vhi qneyi-

    Qneyi

    N O B F I

    > Prlajv jm clmvh

    ?

    2 Ixplrv >%?00 >%100 >%64:

    6 ?%?00 >%489 ?%>00

    9

    1 Vlvne 2000 B2+B6 2%94:

    Enoie Alrcyen lr Aymbvjlm

    Alrcyen% thjbh nri priimv tjvhjm vhi prinfhiiv jviea% nri bneeif aymbvjlm- Ti

    bnm nel pyv yp lyr ltm alrcyeni jm nmz biee- Jm vhi nolqi ajdyri biee O1; B1 nmf

    F1 blmvnjm vhi alrcyen% thjbh vlvne vhi qneyi la ixplrv nmf jcplrv-

    N cnglr frntonbk la vhi cnmyne prinfhiiv j vhnv ja nmz fnvn jm jv bhnmdi% ti

    hnqi vl rifl nee ybh bnebyenvjlm vhnv nri naaibvif oz vhi fnvn bhnmdi% oyv nm

    ieibvrlmjb prinfhiiv nyvlcnvjbneez piralrc nee ybh bnebyenvjlm alr y- Nee ti

    hnqi vl fl j gyv bhnmdi vhi fnvn nmf vhi riv j vnkim bnri la oz vhi prinfhiiv-

    N prinfhiiv bnm oi fijdmif jm n mycoir la alrcnv- Onjbneez% fijdmjmd j

    blmbirmif tjvh hlt n mycoir hlyef ellk lm vhi briim- Vhi qnrjly fijdmjmd

    alrcnv nri blccn% pirbimv% byrrimbz% bjimvjajb- Vhi fnvn jm n biee cnz oi rjdhv

    nejdmif% eiav nejdmif lr bimvirif-

    Ixnc Eiav#nejdmif

    Ixnc _jdhv#nejdmifIxnc Bimvirif

    Rprinfhiiv neelt y vl yi fjaairimv almv nmf vzei vl icphnjwi hinfjmd-

    Drnph j ziv nmlvhir pltiraye ainvyri la prinfhiiv- Vhi fnvn vlrif jm vhi

    prinfhiiv bnm oi blmqirvif jmvl drnph l n vl vyfz vhi rienvjlmhjp qnrjly fnvn-

    Vhi prinfhiiv prldrnc hn vhi anbjejvz vl frnt qnrjly drnph qjw- Onr% Pji%

    ?F nmf ? F drnph-

    _lt Bleycm

    Biee O2

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    Rzvic Nmnezj nmf

    Blcpyvir Enmdyndi>9-: RYCCN_Z

    Jm vhj ymjv ti hnqi ixpenjmif vhi blmbipv nmf aymfncimvne la prldrnccjmd

    enmdyndi- Ti hnqi nel ixpenjmif vhi fjaairimv vzpi la fnvn vzpi nmf ellpjmd

    vnvicimv nqnjenoei jm Qjyne Onjb nmf Gnqn prldrnccjmd enmdyndi- Ti nel einrm

    hlt vl blcpjei nmf rym prldrnc jm nolqi prldrnccjmd enmdyndi-

    >9->0 YMJV IMF IXI_BJRIR

    >- Ixpenjm vhi blmbipv la prldrnccjmd enmdyndi- Ixpenjm jfimvjajir% blmvnmv%

    ixprijlm% nmf ejornrz aymbvjlm-

    ?- Djqi pljmv vl ypplrv vhnv Qjyne Onjb j nm ixbieeimv fiqielpcimv vlle-

    Hjdhejdhv jcplrvnmv ainvyri la QO-

    2- Gnqn j mlv >00) pyri logibv lrjimvif enmdyndi< Fl zly ndrii lr mlv< Gyvjaz

    zlyr nmtir-

    6- Thnv fl zly ymfirvnmf oz HVCE< Priimv vhi ainvyri la HVCE-

    9- Ixbie j n qirnvjei prinfhiiv pnbkndi- Jv bnm fl tlmfir alr nbblymvnmv-

    Blccimv-

    1- Tjvh l cnmz rinfz cnfi nmf byvlcjwif lavtnri nqnjenoei#Vhi miif alr n

    cnmndir j vl einrm vl yi vhic iaaibvjqiez rnvhir vhnm einrm vl prldrnc vhic--Fl zly ndrii> _IAI_IMBIR NMF RYDDIRVIF AY_VHI_

    _INFJMDR

    Rioivn% Blmbipv la Prldrnccjmd Enmdyndi% 6i% Pinrlm Ifybnvjlm-

    Virrimbi T- Prnvv% Cnrqjm Q- Wiekltjvw % Prldrnccjmd Enmdyndi7Fijdm Nmf Jcpeicimvnvjlm% 6vh If-% Primvjbi#Hnee la Jmfjn-

    Vybkir% Neeim% Prldrnccjmd Enmdyndi Prjmbjpei nmf Pnrnfjdc%

    Vnvn Cb Drnt#Hjee