Computer Network Construction

M. Sc. Juan Carlos Olivares Rojas

juancarlosolivares@hotmail.comjcolivar@itmorelia.edu.mx

http://antares.itmorelia.edu.mx/~jcolivar/

Outline• Needs of Computer Networks

• Criteria for Computer Networks

• Computer Network Planning

• Network Design

• Hardware and Software Selection

• Assembly of the Network

• Network Applications

• Internet Conections

Objectives• Construct a Computer Network

Infrastructure using Structured Cabling Systems

• Competences:• Making cables• Installing devices• Setup Computer, Host and Devices• Computer Network Planning

Needs of Computer Networks

• The first step in the construction of a Computer Network is the evaluation of what services must provide the network infraestructure.

• The networks are diferent in homes, offices, enterprises, academic, etc.

Criteria for Computer Networks

• Exist a lot of criteria for constructing a Computer Network such as:

• Transfer a lot of Data (Bandwith)

• Communication of Long Distances (WAN)

• Transfer data quickly (High Speed Networks)

• Low cost (Ethernet)

• Multiple users (Segmentation)

Computer Network Planning

• The planning process in general is dificult.

• Planning consist in three principal activities:

• Itinerary (Tasks, Subtask)

• Estimation (Time, Cost and Assign Role)

• Tracking (control)

• What’s the problem?

Network Design

• The main problem in the construction of a computer network is the network modelling but not since logical point of view. We need consider the physical view.

• It’s important to develop a plan design of network. We need to know how is the physical construction when the newtork will be implemented (We need the architectonic plan)

Activity• We need to construct a Computing Laboratory

for this school in this classroom.

• The needs and criteria are: 25 PC (1 Server, Professor Machine), using Offimatic, Business, Languages and Mathematical Software.

• Construct de the network planning and network design of this network.

Hardware and Software Selection

• It’s a process totally dependet of Network Budget.

• We not spare cost in hardware infrastructure.

• The cabling system have an aproximate duration of 10 years (Actually We must construct using Cat 6 UTP for Example)

Assembly of the Network • This process consist in the implementation and

setup of hardware and software for the computer network infraestructure.

• For these situation, we need to known and apply an Structured Cabling System.

Structured Cabling System• Components of Structured Cabling

– Working Area– Horizontal Cabling– Backbone (Vertical) Cabling– Main Telecomunication Center – Intermedial Telecomunication Center– Incomming Services.

Structured Cable System• Planning of Structured

– Electricity and Ground Conection Regulation– Solutions to drop voltages. – Security Normativity

• Network Documentation– Logs – Diagrams. – Labeling Cables – Cable and Power Outlet Abstract– Devices, MAC and IP Addresses– Other resources

Cableado estructurado• Es una metodología para diseñar e instalar de

manera adecuada redes de comunicación, particularmente, redes de computadoras.

• Define más que una simple estructura o forma de realizar cableados de casas y empresas. Forma un estándar para simplificar las cosas. Se centra en la fase de planeación, instalación y expansión de la red.

• It’s called Layer 0

What’s the problem?

Safety Procedures• Safety is the primary concern.

• General safety precautions, while working with network building materials - both electrical and construction.

Structured Cabling Systems• A Structured Cabling System is a cabling and

connectivity products that integrates data, voice, video and various management system of a building

Benefits of Structured Cabling Benefits of Structured Cabling SystemSystem

• Redundancy at design stage reduces downtime & repair time

• Ease of fault location & repair

• Flexibility, expandability & modular connecting platform

• Ease of moves, adds and changes

• Enhanced end-use understanding and control

• Significant long term cost containment

Cable Distribution SystemCable Distribution System

• Cable Tray

• Raised Floor

• Conduit

• Hung Ceiling / False Ceiling

Figure 1

Figure 1

Elements of a Structured Cabling System

Structured Cabling Components

Work Flow

• installing outlets • installing jacks • running cables • punching cables into patch panels • testing cables • documenting cables

Work Flow (cont)

• installing NICs • installing hubs, switches, bridges,

and routers • configuring routers • installing and configuring PCs

Place Copper Wires into a Jack

Documenting Cable Runs• A cut sheet

– is a rough diagram that shows the locations of the cable runs.

– indicates the numbers of the classrooms, offices, or other rooms, to which the cables have been run.

– to place corresponding numbers on all telecommunications outlets and at the patch panel in the wiring closet.

TIA/EIA-606 for Labeling Cables• Labeling

– NO terms such as "Mr. Zimmerman's math class," or "Ms. Thome's art class".

– incorporate room numbers in the label information – incorporate color coding

• For example, a blue label might identify horizontal cabling at the wiring closet only, while a green label might identify cabling at the work area. 

– mark the cable three times, approximately 60 cm apart – Allow enough cable for the ends to reach all the way to each jack

location, plus enough excess or slack to reach the floor and extend another 60-90 cm.

– Do not cut the cables unless they have a label.

mounting cables in raceway • decorative raceway

– presents a more finished appearance

• gutter raceway– a less attractive alternative to decorative raceway.

• mounted with adhesive backing or with screws

SAFETY RULES • turn off power to all circuits that might pass

through those work areas

• Never, ever, touch power cables

• learn the locations of all fire extinguishers in the area.

• Long pants and sleeves help protect your arms and legs. Avoid wearing excessively loose or baggy clothing.

SAFETY RULES (cont)• protect your eyes with safety glasses

• If you anticipate working in a dropped ceiling area, survey the area.

• Follow building safety codes

Supporting Horizontal Cables• wall-mounted gutter • tie-wraps • ladder rack • Tools

– A telepole • is nothing more than a telescoping pole with a hook at one end to

hold the cable. • is used to string cable across a dropped ceiling or attic quickly.

– fishing cable • When you pull cable up through a wall, you ordinarily work from an

attic or dropped ceiling space

Wiring Closets• the equipment in a wiring closet includes:

– patch panels – wiring hubs – bridges – switches – routers

Network Operating Test• The baseline

– is a record of your network's starting point or newly installed performance capabilities.

• Continue to test your network on a regular basis in order to ensure that it performs at its peak

• A cable tester is a hand held device that can certify that cable meets the required IEEE and TIA/EIA standards.

Cable Tester• determine cable distance • locate bad connections • provide wire maps for detecting crossed pairs • measure signal attenuation • measure near-end crosstalk  • detect split pairs  • perform noise level tests  • trace cable behind walls 

Cable Tester (Cont)

Conexión de cables

Jack

El jack es el componente femenino en un dispositivo de red, toma de pared o panel de conexión.

Jack

Para que la electricidad fluya entre el conector y el jack, el orden de los hilos debe seguir el código de colores T568A, o T568B recomendado en los estándares EIA/TIA-568-B.1

Configuración

Conexión directa

Utilice cables de conexión directa para el siguiente cableado:

•Switch a router •Switch a PC o servidor •Hub a PC o servidor

Conexión Cruzada

Utilice cables de conexión cruzada para el siguiente cableado: •Switch a switch •Switch a hub •Hub a hub •Router a router •PC a PC •Router a PC

CABLE TESTER.

We all have some ugly wiring

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

• Labeling is a key to reduce work later

Fiber Optic Cable Construction

• Fiber has bend radius issues

Fiber Optic Cable Construction• Leave slack loops

Cutting, Striping & Crimping Tools

Punching Tool

Cabling Rules

Try to avoid running cables parallel to power cables.Do not bend cables to less than four times the diameter of the cable.If you bundle a group of cables together with cable ties (zip ties), do not over-cinch them. You should be able to turn the tie with fingers.Keep cables away from devices which can introduce noise into them. Here's a short list: copy machines, electric heaters, speakers, printers, TV sets, fluorescent lights, copiers, welding machines, microwave ovens, telephones, fans, elevators, motors, electric ovens, dryers, washing machines, and shop equipment.Avoid stretching UTP cables (tension when pulling cables should not exceed 25 LBS).Do not run UTP cable outside of a building.  It presents a very dangerous lightning hazard!Do not use a stapler to secure UTP cables.  Use telephone wire/RJ6 coaxial wire hangers which are available at most hardware stores.

Standards• Exist a lot of normativity and best practices for the

correct construction of cables:– ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B– ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A– ANSI/TIA/EIA-607– ANSI/TIA/EIA-570-A– ISO/IEC 11801

Subsystem of a Structured Cabling System

• Horizontal Cabling– Cable from patch panel to work area– Telco outlets– Cable terminations– Cross-connections– One transition point– Maximum length – 100 meters

• 90 meters for cable• 10 meters for 2 patch cables

Cabling Subsystem cont.

• Entrance Facility– Point in the building

where cable interfaces with the outside world

– May share the space with the equipment room

Structured Cabling in SOHO

IBM Cable Types

• Type 1A

• Type 2A

• Type 3

• Type 5

• Type 6

• Type 8

• Type 9

IBM Data Connector

SEGMENTACIÓN

Existen dos razones principales para segmentar o dividir una LAN.

1. Aislar el tráfico entre segmentos.2. Obtener más ancho de banda por usuario para crear

dominios de colisiones pequeños.

Si no existiera la segmentación, las grandes redes LAN rápidamente serian invadidas por tráfico y colisiones, y provocaría virtualmente en falta de ancho de banda. Los dispositivos como bridges, switches y ruteadores segmentan la red LAN.

SEGMENTACIÓN

SEGMENTACIÓNBridge

• Es usada la segmentación usando bridge para proporcionar mayor ancho de banda.

• El bridge permite sólo la información que tienen destinación fuera del segmento.

• Aprende una segmentación de red para construir tablas de direcciones que contienen las direcciones de cada dispositivo de red dentro del segmento.

SEGMENTACIÓNBridge

SEGMENTACIÓNSwitch

• El propósito de la segmentación usando switch es que es fácil reducir los cuellos de botella de red.

• Un switch segmenta una LAN dentro de microsegmentos.

• El switch determina cual es la acción a tomar sobre la información si esta localizada en otro segmento, la información se transfiere o switchea a otra destinación.

SEGMENTACIÓNSwitch

SEGMENTACIÓNRouter

• Los ruteadores crean los mayores niveles de segmentación debido a su habilidad de realizar determinaciones exactas de donde enviar la información al usar su tabla de ruteo.

SEGMENTACIÓNRouter

Network Applications

• The network applications is the last past in the construction of computer networks.

Internet Conections• Actually conects to other networks is cruatil in

many home and organizations specially with Internet.

• We need to rent a contract with a Internet Service Provider to connect with remote networks.

References• Forouzan, B. (2008), Data Comunications and

Networking, 4th. Edition, McGraw-Hill.

• Tanenbaum, A (2004). Computer Networks. 4th Edition. Prentice Hall.

• Kurose, J. and Ross, K. (2007) Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 4th edition. Addison-Wesley, July 2007.

¿Preguntas?