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Theme 1: Nature’s Fury
Compass Rose – shows compass directions
Map Scale – shows distance
Graphic Aids: Maps, Globes, Charts, Tables, and Graphs
Map Key – for showing the meaning of symbols
Political Maps – show countries, states, & cities
Specialized Maps – show population, rainfall, etc.
Graphic Aids: Maps, Globes, Charts, Tables, and Graphs
Table – lists information about two or more things
Bar Graph – helps readers compare amounts
Categorize and Classify • A category is a group of people, animals, things, or ideas that are alike.• To classify means to put similar items in groups according to their similarities.• Sorting information by categorizing and classifying helps readers understand and remember what they read. It also helps readers understand the things those categories have in common.
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalleybirchfern
moss
blackberry
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirchfern
moss
blackberry
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern
moss
blackberry
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern ferns
moss
blackberry
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern ferns
moss mosses
blackberry
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern ferns
moss mosses
blackberry blackberry
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern ferns
moss mosses
blackberry blackberri
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern ferns
moss mosses
blackberry blackberries
bluejay
Singular & Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.
Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern ferns
moss mosses
blackberry blackberries
bluejay bluejays
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaflife
heroradiochilddeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leavlife
heroradiochilddeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife
heroradiochilddeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife liv
heroradiochilddeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives
heroradiochilddeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives
hero heroesradiochilddeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives
hero heroesradio radioschilddeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives
hero heroesradio radioschild childrendeer
More Plural Nouns• In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.
Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives
hero heroesradio radioschild childrendeer deer
/ō/, /ōō/, and /yōō/ Sounds• /ō/ patterns: 0_e, oa, ow, and o
•slope, boast, thrown, stroll
•/ōō/ patterns: u_e, ue, ew, oo, ui, ou•rule, clue, dew, choose, cruise, route
•/yōō/ patterns: u_e, ue, ew, u•cube, cue, few, music
Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”
Word Meaning
eruption
destructive
reconstructed
interrupt
Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”
Word Meaning
eruption sudden outbreak; outburst
destructive
reconstructed
interrupt
Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”
Word Meaning
eruption sudden outbreak; outburst
structure something built or constructed
reconstructed
interrupt
Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”
Word Meaning
eruption sudden outbreak; outburst
structure something built or constructed
reconstructed rebuild
interrupt
Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”
Word Meaning
eruption sudden outbreak; outburst
structure something built or constructed
reconstructed rebuild
interrupt to make a break in the continuity of