Community research portfolio shusei kakimoto

PortfolioShusei Kakimoto

CONTENTSState of Foreign Communities in Japanese Society ~In the 23 Wards of Tokyo~

The Census Report Lancaster County/City of Lincoln 116

Community Research

1

IntroductionSection 0-1 Background and Purpose of ResearchRecently, Japan has been facing the problem of population decline. There is an increasing ratio of older population to younger population. It is expected that Japan will have to be more open to immigration in order to handle its work load. As a result, immigration law is currently changing in Japan. It is easier to get a permit (similar to the U.S. VISA) now, as there are new types of permits. There are many more immigrants now in Japan than in the past. Because this trend is so recent, the Japanese people, including the government, are still fairly ignorant of the foreign communi-ty. For the purpose of this paper, “community” is a term used to describe a group of people which meet, and does not refer to people living in the same area who do meet. “Cluster area” is used to describe people of one race living in the same area. Most foreigners live in Tokyo, as it is the economic center, and has the most services like public transportation, and a few foreigners live in the country side. It is becoming necessary to increase understanding and acceptance between the Japanese and the foreign community. It will require a lot of compromise to develop rela-tions between the Japanese and the immigrants. The research for this paper centers on Tokyo 23 Wards as this area has the highest number of immigrants, and studies the government administration programs for helping them. It also looks into the charity assistance dedicated to the foreign community, and how the foreign community is organized.

Section 0-2 Research Methods and OrganizationThis paper shows the result of research on the situation of the foreign community in Japanese society. This paper will show the date regarding the immigrants in the 23 Wards: Section 1 will discuss the general back-ground and purpose. Section 2 will cover the assistance programs avail-able to them. The immigration information for Section 2 was obtained from the Offices of Immigrant Registration in each ward, as well as the main Tokyo Immigrant Registration Office. Information from a govern-ment endorsed charitable foreign assistance group was obtained as well. A classification of community type and cluster area will be explained in

IntroductionSection 0-1 Background and Purpose of ResearchSection 0-2 Research Methods and Organization

Section 1 The Situation of Foreign in The 23 Wards of TokyoSection 1-1 The Situation of The 23 Wards of TokyoSection 1-2 Background of ForeignersSection 1-3 The Number of Residents of Each Nationality Living in Tokyo’s 23 WardsSSection 1-4 Conclusion of Section 1

Section2 Government Administration ServiceSection 2-1 Tokyo Local Government ServiceSection 2-2 Services for Immigrants in Each WardSection 2-3 Unique ServicesSection 2-4 The Conclusion of Section 2

Section3 Foreign CommunitySection 3-1 Cluster by NationalitySection 3-2 Community in The Wards Section 3-3 Distribution and Background of Method of CommunitySection 3-4 Outline of Clustered Areas in The WardsSection 3-5 Characteristics and Classi�cation of Community and Cluster AreasSection 3-6 Conclusion of Section 3

Section 4 Themed Community OutlineSection 4-1 Themed Communities

Section 4-1-1 Natural EstablishmentSection 4-1-2 Japanese EstablishmentSection 4-1-3 Advertisement

Section 4-2 Conclusion of Section 4

Section 5 Analysis of Foreign Community and The Issues Which OccurSection 5-1 Comparison of The Korean Cluster Areas

Section 5-3 Contact Between The Foreign Community and The Surrounding Japanese ResidentsSection 5-2 The Issue of Concession, or Right of Use of Land in Edagawa 1 Chome, in Koto Ward

Section 5-4 Government Administration and CommunitySection 5-5 Conclusion of Section 5

Section 6 Overall Conclusion

外国人登録者数（H18）

東京大阪愛知神奈川埼玉兵庫千葉

東京大阪愛知神奈川埼玉兵庫千葉

Immigrants Population (2006)Tokyo

Tokyo

Kanagawa

Kanagawa

Osaka

Osaka

Aichi

Aichi

Saitama

SaitamaHyogo

Hyogo

Chiba Chiba

Figure 1-1

Figure 0-1

Foreign Communities in JapanThe States of Foreign Communities in Japanese Society~In the 23 Wards of Tokyo~ (2008)

Foreign Communities in Tokyo, Japan

2

Section 3. Section 4 will contain an analysis of the foreign community based on their classification. Section 5 will show the top seven states for immigration and explore the issues existing between the Japanese and foreign communities. Finally, Section 6 will be the conclusion.

Section 1 The Situation of Foreign in The 23 Wards of TokyoThis section contains an analysis of immigrant information: background, permit type, etc.

Section 1-1 Background and Purpose of ResearchSection 1-1 discusses the Situation of The 23 Wards of Tokyo. Figure 1-2 shows the immigrant population in Tokyo. Figure 1-3 shows a breakdown of immigration population by ward. Tokyo is the number one state in Japan for immigrant population with 350,000 immigrants. The top five states have more than half of the immi-grants in Japan. Most of the foreigners in Tokyo live in the 23 Wards. The immigrant population is rising in every ward.

Section 1-2 Background of ForeignersFigure 1-4 is a comparison of the foreign population in Tokyo from 1981 to 2004. Figure 1-5 is a breakdown of the immigrant population by pur-pose of immigration. Figure 1-6 shows the percentage of immigrants by their permit type in 2006.We can see that during the years that Japan has experienced economic difficulties, the number of immigrant jobs did not decrease. In addition, we can classify the immigrants into two groups: old comers and new com-ers. Old comers are immigrants from before the San Francisco treaty of 1952 and their descendents. All foreigners lost their citizenship in 1952. Those who migrated to Japan relatively recently are in the newcomer cat-egory. Immigration law is a key factor on what kind of immigrants come to Japan. As an example, the number of Brazilians who migrate to Japan varies drastically as the laws change (see Figure 1-5). In 1995, the Japa-nese passed a law restricting the number of performers that could enter the country. This caused the number of Pilipino immigrants to drop a lot.

外国人登録者数の遷移

東京都総数

区部

市部

外国人登録者数の遷移　２３区千代田区中央区港区新宿区文京区台東区墨田区江東区品川区目黒区大田区世田谷区渋谷区中野区杉並区豊島区北区荒川区板橋区練馬区足立区葛飾区江戸川区

Registered ForeignersTokyo

WardArea

CityArea

Change of Registered ForeignersChiyodaChuoMinatoShinjuku

DaitoBunkyo

ShinagawaKotoSumida

MeguroOtaSetagayaShibuya

SuginamiNakano

KitaToyoshima

ArakawaItabashiNerimaAdachiKatsushikaEdogawa

Population and Registered Foreigners(*10000) (*1000000)

Population in Japan (Right)

Registered Foreigners (Left)

1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004

Figure 1-2

Figure 1-3

Figure 1-4



3

In 2004, the refugee application was changed, causing an increase in Bur-mese immigrants coming to Japan.In the last few years we have seen a big increase in the number of for-eigners coming to Japan to study or attend a trade school. The percentage of immigrants in 2006 who took Permanent Resident (including normal and special permanent resident) in Japan is 40.2%, which is 837,521 peo-ple.


SpecialPermanent Residents

Permanent Residents

Long-term Residents

Spouse of Japanese

Study abroad

Visiting Family

TrainingSpecialist in humanities,International services

School

Techinologies

Others

Ratio of Status of Residence

Figure 1-6

Background of visiting JapanPopulation of registered residence and Korean residence

Korean Chinese

Filipinos Burmese

BrazillianRegistered residenceKorean

1959

NewcomersOldcomers

1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004

Change of immigration law1990: Japnese Brazillian get aright to work as Japanese do.

Economic Depression in Brazil,Bubble economy in Japan:Many Brazillian came to Japan.

Chinese immigrants have increased for more than 10 years: Due to the Location, Economic Development in China, Japanese enterprise to China, move of production base

KoreanChineseBrazillianFilipinos

About 10,000 Korean applicants to be naturalized Japanese: every year: due to Korean Japanese assimilate Japanese society. There is decrease of Korean having Korean nationality.

Increase of Koreans from Korea: Extend of �nancial gap, the boom of study abroad in Japan by plan of 100,000 student studying abroad, liberalization of travels in Korea

cultural exchange for long time as aneighboring country, During WWII, many k=Koreans came to Japan

Chinese has many reasons to stay in Japan such as study abroad, marriage, training, work

Chinese has experiencedrapid economic growth:There might be more chinese

PurposeFuture

Short work contract workers who are indirect employment most brazilians work for manufacture: Although manufacture is e�ective by business �uctuations, but it has higher standard of salary

Secure freedom of work and live

Increase of Brazilian residents will slow down one of reasons is manufacture industry move to other countries

Most refugees in Japan did not choose JapanReason why some refugees chose JapanAcquaintances come from JapanGood experience by Japanese peopleInformation form Burmese communities

The number of refugees will increase

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001

198219851988199119941997200020032006

2006

2005

2004

2003

BurmeseTurkBangladeshiBurgherIranianChineseOther

ApplicantsCerti�ed

Improvement of refugee certi�cation scheme in 2004by emigration and immigration agency: Increase of applicants and certi�ed refugees

Majority of refugees in Japan is Burmese

Change of immigrants from countries that have higer immigrants percentage in Japan The highest reason of stutas of residency is spouse

and the secound highest reason is show businessesJapanese government decrese issue of show business visaSpouse of Japanese has increased

Figure 1-5


4

Section 1-3 The Number of Residents of Each Nationality Living in To-kyo’s 23 WardsFigure 1-7 shows a tendency of immigrants to cluster together within a ward. As a result, different wards have different groups of foreigners.

Section 1-4 Conclusion of Section 1The laws dictating the number of immigrants allowed for each permit type control the country’s immigrant growth. The research of this paper shows a breakdown of new comers by permit type. Every year, the num-ber of immigrants taking Permanent Residence in Japan increases. Also, the number of naturalized citizens of Japan from Korean or Chinese in-creases every year. Therefore, the people who take temporary residence in Japan are staying longer than in the past. These facts could indicate that Japan is a more attractive option for people to live in than in the past, or that the laws are less restrictive, or possibly both. In any case, the immigration laws are certainly less restrictive. The newer policies regard-ing immigration favor those staying in Japan longer. Usually short term foreigners in Japan do not participate in regional activities such as com-munity events or meetings. Because of the new policies for longer term foreigners and the higher participation of the immigrants in the communi-ty, the relationship between these immigrants and Japanese people might improve. Immigrants of a certain nationality tend to cluster together with-in a ward. However, in some wards, many races live together. This gives each ward unique characteristics.

Section2 Government Administration ServiceThis section contains research and analysis of the government services for Tokyo, the 23 wards within it, and the organization officially endorsed by each ward.

Section 2-1 Tokyo Local Government ServiceTable 1 shows the government services for immigrants in Tokyo. Recently, the Tokyo government has begun having Tokyo residential meetings for immigrants to improve the services provided to immigrants, and inform


Foreign worker's employee manual

2007～ prevent hi ring of i l lega l immigration

expla in how to prevent hi ring i l lega l immigrants

Reception of foreign s tudent from Peking and many other As ian cities . Propection of friendly relation between these s tudents and the Japanese

Employee s i tuation reporting system

10.１.2007～

management can submit a report to be col lected and analysed for improvement

the manager i s required to report new hires , and when the employee leaves . They report name, VISA type, and how long they are s taying in Japan. If they fa i l to report, they are fined up to $3000.

Foreign res ident meeting

1997～They hold meetings to expand pol icy making

Here requests and ideas are gathered from immigrants , and they try to improve the area for the immigrants

Area International ization

2001～Discuss ions are held between immigrants and profess ional . They make decions on improvements to be implented

Each year they have a different theme for area of improvement. They have discuss ions and make new pol icies throughout the year

Establ ishment of Tokyo Area Disaster Information Center

To prepare immigrants for major disasters occuring in Tokyo

In the case of a major natura l disaster, the s tate of Tokyo major wi l l set up the Tokyo Disaster Center Measure Department, who wi l l extinguish fires , help res idents escape, treat injuries , and col lect and give information.In addition, they wi l l set up the Tokyo Area Disaster Information center for immigrant.Bi l ingual volunteers wi l l ass is t in this process in this center.

Foreign worker's handbook(Engl ish, Chinese)

11/2005～

prevention of problems from i l lega l immigrant workers

s ix worker consulting information(enters are set up for employers and workers to discuss i ssues , laws, procedures , or get information)

Management of Ota Memoria l Hal l

after establish

Friendship between Japanese and China

2002

Tokyo Internatinal

Excange association

2005～

to promote international exchange, international corporation, and deepen mutual understanding by participation and connection of res idents in Tokyo

to provide information to promote international excange and international corporation. after col lecting information from every International Exchange association and some nonprofi t chari ty groups , they put the information on webs i te. They a lso edit the magazines doe providing information. they exchange opinion with chari ty groups . They support some lectures for improving international relationship. They implement the project that immigrants are able to consult with some profess ionals about law, education, and medica l treatment

Tokyo res ident corporation project a id

2004～To stregthen the connection between the Japanese and other as ians , making Tokyo a more comfortable place for immigrants

Res idents in this area are asked to ass is t in the project

Promotion of International Exchange and International Corporation

2004～To promote the international exchange and international corporation, and deepen international relations

Distribution of l i terature encouraging the spread of enl ightenment on how to promote international relations . They keep contact info and attempt to bui ld relationships for mutual benefi t.

Table 1 Table 1


5

the immigrants of the services available to them. Literature is distributed to the immigrants, such as the Foreigner Worker Employment Manual, to prevent illegal immigration, and the Foreigner Worker’s Handbook. The Police Department and the Ministry of Justice are concerned that the in-crease of government activity to help foreigners will also increase foreign criminal activity because of a higher immigrant population. Table 2 shows the organizations which are part of the Tokyo International Exchange Association, and the services they provide. In April of 2003, the projects of international exchange or International corporation were transferred from Tokyo International Foundation to Tokyo by becoming officially en-dorsed by the government. Tokyo set up the Tokyo International Exchange Association in its office and begun to extend their services. The purpose of the association is to provide services to immigrants, and deepen mutu-al understanding between Japanese residents and foreigners by hosting events which both Japanese and immigrants can attend.

The number of registered foreigners by nationalityKorean Brazillian American

Indian Burmese British

Minato Minato Minato

Minato Minato

Shinjuku

Nakano

Nakano

Nakano

KitaAdachi

Adachi

Adachi

Ota

Ota

Setagaya Setagaya

SetagayaSetagaya

Edogawa

EdogawaEdogawa

Meguro

Meguro

Shibuya

ShibuyaShibuya

Shinagawa ShinagawaKoto

Katsushika

Figure 1-7


　● 　● 　●Chuo district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Minato district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Shinjuku district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Bunkyo district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Daito district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Shinagawa district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Meguro district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Nakano district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Suginami district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Itabashi district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

Arakawa district

　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　● 　●

deepenmutual understanding, events international corporation, etc support foreigners

Table 2


6

The Tokyo International Exchange Association hosts meetings for mutual cooperation between the various organizations both inside the associa-tion and out, and they make lists of organizations so that they will be able to contact each other. They also created the Foreigner Consulting De-partment, for immigrants to talk about the problems they face. There are consulting windows for the immigrants to go to meet someone face to face, as well as events that immigrants can attend where they can meet a network of professionals for assistance. The Tokyo International Exchange Association also endeavored to promote the network of internatinals.

Section 2-2 Services for Immigrants in Each WardInformation in Table 3 was collected from interviews in the local govern-ment offices in each ward. There are not enough workers to handle the workload, so the services are restricted. There were only two people in some offices. Sometimes the wards work together with affiliated volun-teer organizationsor outsource services provided. The offices in each ward provide nearly the exact same services. As a result, they lack the ability to handle the unique needs of their own district, which might have a different pop-ulation mix than other wards. Volunteer organizations usually operate independently, rather than in cooperation with other organizations. Creat-ing a network to connect these organizations should be a priority for local government.

Section 2-3 Unique ServicesFigure 2-1 shows unique services. All of them cater to the needs of the ward, rather than simply mirroring the services of the other ward.

Section 2-4 The Conclusion of Section 2The services in Tokyo and in each ward are increasing. Tokyo is passing laws to make it clearer for employers to know how to hire foreign workers legally. The result should be an increase of employment of foreign work-ers. The government services in each ward are influenced by the number of workers in each department, the existence of affiliate organizations,

日本語教室

団体の活動を記載

された物を置く

多言語での情報提

供多言語での便利

帳・生活情報誌の

発行

国際交流イベント

通訳派遣

日本の伝統

ホ

ムステイ

姉妹・友好都市と

の交流

アンケ

ト調査

相談窓口の頻度（語

数）区が設ける施設等

新宿区２個（財）新宿文化・国際

交流財団● ● ● ● ● ● ● 週5日（）

しんじゅく多文化共生プラザ

コリアンタウン（韓人会、新宿ムクゲ会）、ロシアクラブ、箪笥町フランス人

江戸川区０個 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 週1日（２）多文化共生センターインド人会

足立区０個 ● ● ● ● ● ▲ ▲ ▲ ● ● 週5日（３）

港区７４個港区国際交流教会 ● ● ● ▲ ● 週3日（１

江東区１個（教育

部）江東区国際友好連

絡会（IFC）▲ ● ● ▲ ● ▲ ▲ ▲ ● 週5日（３）

大田区０個 ● ● ● ● ● ▲ ▲ ▲ ● 週2日（２）山王会館

板橋区０個（財）板橋区文化・国際交流財団　交流課

● ● ● ▲ ● 週2日（２）

世田谷区５個JCA （Japan Culture

Association）● ● ● ● ● ● ● ▲ ● 週5日（３）国際交流会館

北区０個 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 週2日（２）

荒川区０個荒川区国際交流委員会、多文化共生セ

ンター● ● ● ● ● ▲ ▲ ▲ ● 週1日（３）

葛飾区０個

かつしかシンフォニーヒルズ（葛飾区文化施設指定管理

者）

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 週1日（２）かつしかシンフォニーヒルズ

練馬区０個 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 週3日（２）

品川区 10個品川区国際友好協

会● ● ● ● 週2日（２）

子連れグループ（東大井）

渋谷区１９個 ● ● ● ● ● ● 週5日（１）

中野区０個中野区国際交流協

会（ANIC● ● ● ● ▲ ▲ ▲ ● 週3日（２）

中野区国際交流協会・商工会館

杉並区０個杉並区交流協会 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 週1日（３）

台東区 1個台東区国際（TICC） ● ● ● ● ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ● 週1日（３）キムチ横丁、インド人

墨田区０個墨田区国際化推進

クラブ（ＳＩＰＣ）● ● ● ● ● ● ● 週1日（２）

目黒区１１個（主にアフリ

カ）

目黒区国際交流教会（MIFA）

● ● ● ● 週5日（４）虹の会

文京区０個ぶんきょう多文化

ねっと● ● ● ● 週2日（２）

中央区１個中央区文化・国際交

流振興協会● ● ● ●

千代田区１８個千代田区男女共同参画センターＭＩＷ

(ミュウ)● ● ● ●

豊島区０個国際交流ボランティアfam、国際交流のおみこしを担ぐ会

● ● ● ● ● 随時（１）

存在が確認されている外国人コミュニ

ティ

区内の大使館の数

連携団体

区で行われている取り組み

The

number of

embassy

in a ward

Cooperation

Groups

Approaches by a wardExisting

foreigner

communities

found

Institutions

established

by a ward

2

0074

(educational division)

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

19

10

0

01

0

11

0

1

18

0

1

(Mainly African

embassy)

5 days

a week

(3)

Symbiotic mutial

culture plaza

koreantown (Kanjinkai,

Shinjuku Mukuge kai),

Russia Club,Tansu Town French

Shinjuku Cultural

Internation Change

Fundation

Minato Internatinal Change Church

Koto International Friendship

Coordination Committee

5 days a week(3)

5 days

a week (3)

5 days

a week(3)

5 days a week(1)

5 days

a week(4)

A day a week(2)

A day

a week

(3)

A day

a week

(2)

A day a week(3)

A day a week(3)

A day

a week(2)

2 days a week(2)

2 days

a week(2)

2 days a week(2)

2 days

a week(2)

2 days

a week(2)

3 days a week(1)

3 days a week(2)

3 days

a week(2)

Symbiotic Mutial Culture Center

Sano Hall

Internatinal

Change Hall

Katsushika

Symphony Hills

Nakano Internatinal Change Association,

Commerce and Industry Hall

Indian Association

Itabashi Culture Internation Change

Fundation Exchange Department

Japan Cultural

Association

Arakawa International

Change Committee Symbiotic

Mutial Culture Center

Shinjuku

Edogawa

Adachi

Minato

Koto

Ota

Itabashi

Setagaya

Kita

Arakawa

Katsushika

Nerima

Shinagawa

Shibuya

Nakano

Suginami

Taito

Sumida

Meguro

Bunkyo

Chuo

Chiyoda

Toyoshima

Katsushika

Symphony Hills

Shinagawa Internation

Friendship Association

Association for Nakano

International Communication

Suginami Exchange Association

Taito International Communication Committee

Sumida International

Promotion Club

Meguro International

Friendship Association

Bunkyo Multiple

Cultural Net

Chuo Cultural and Internatinal

Exchange Association

Man and Woman

Cooperation and

Particiation Center

Volunteer of International

Exchange fam

Association pf Carring Portable

Shrines of Internation Chgange

Everyday

(1)

Japanese Class

Activity Report

Information in multiple languages

Guide in multiple languages

International Communication Events

Dispatch of Interpretation

Japanese Tradition

Home Stay

Interaction with sister cities

Questionnaire Survey

Consultation Counter

(Variety of Landuages)

Table 3



7


and the number of foreign residents in each ward. The services in each ward have some commons. There is a restriction of services in each ward due to a limited number of workers in each ward. Therefore, many of the services are outsourced to nonprofit organizations.

Section3 Foreign CommunityThis section contains research and classification of the foreign community and the area they gather in.

Section 3-1 Cluster by NationalityFigure 3-1 shows the relationship between the areas. Table 4 shows the differences between Indian and Korean immigrants, why they came to Japan, and the area they live in. Research indicates that immigrants from the same race tend to cluster together. The process of collecting data for this paper indicated three Korean cluster areas, two Indian cluster areas, and one French cluster area. The areas which had Koreans had many signs written in Korean. Korean stores and restaurants were numerous in this area. However, the areas of the Indian communities looked similar to the rest of Japan, with only a few Indian restaurants. This difference is related to their background and purpose. The establishment of a cluster area is influenced by the history and environment of that area. The development occurs over a long period of time and changes gradually, as similar people are attracted to the area. The exception is Edogawa 1 Chome, where the Japanese forced the Koreans to move. Part of what makes a community develop is when acquaintances, friends and family move nearby. Even if a foreigner has no acquaintances, he is more likely to move near others of his race. The area of a cluster is an ideal target for advertisement for that race.

Section 3-2 Community in The Wards Table 5 shows the basic information found in each community. The re-search is based on relatively new communities because most of them are new communities in the wards. These communities actively seek to build relationships with the Japanese community. There is a lot of demand for

Case1

Case2

Case3

Case4

Shinjuku

Nerima

Chuo

Ota

Symbiotic mutial culture plaza Circle Guide Book

Onigiri Club Round Table Conference

10 Countries

Guide

Book

Symbiotic

mutial

culture

plaza100 Countries

107 Countries Establish

Utili-

zation

Shinjuku Ward

Circle

Onigiri ClubMake a rendezvous

Information interchangePlace for cultural exchange

Lighthearted Place

Demands

Gathering

Places

Make

links

Circle

Exchange of opinions

Make a relationship

LinkDispersion

Figure 2-1

Communities

Offering Target

To an area that

acquaintances live

To an area that people

who are same race live

Foreigners

Communities

Collective

residential quarters

Factors of collective

Human factor

Environmental factor

Facility factor

Histrical factor

Majority of foreigners

belongs collective

residential quarters

Figure 3-1


8

new communities due to immigration of foreigner of various nationalities. The immigrants of each community always have some purpose for com-ing to Japan, which means they have a need to interact with the Japanese people.

Section 3-3 Distribution and Background of Method of CommunityFigure 3-2 shows the result of the analysis of the distribution and back-ground of immigrants from Sections 3-1 and 3-2. The factors of distribu-tion and background of the establishment of the community are influ-enced by demand (needs of immigrants), and purpose of the community. People that place value on giving and receiving aid for daily life (borrow-ing a cup of sugar or asking information of stores, for example) tend to live near each other, whereas those that simply share a common purpose may not require this proximity. If a community was developed through advertisement, then its range depends on the content of the advertise-ment as well as how wide spread the advertisement is. The expansion of a Japanese initiated foreign community depends on the community’s purpose. For this reason, a Japanese community or one started through advertisement may or may not live in close proximity to each other.

Section 3-4 Outline of Clustered Areas in The WardsTable 6 shows the cluster areas found in the wards. Table 7 shows the current issues of Edogawa 1 Chome.• There are several factors which play into how a cluster is formed. o Okubo-Korean TownAttractions to Koreans include clusters of other Koreans, a lot of churches, a good public transport system, and many Korean restaurants and stores. Many communities are formed here, such as the Kanjin community and Shinjuku mukuge community. o Kimuchi alley in Daito wardMany Koreans live here. There is a good public transport system and many Korean restaurants and markets. This is just one street in Daito ward. Both of these areas might expand in the future, as Koreans contin-ue to move to them.


Background Distribution Factors

Mutual-aid purpose

Advertisement

Purpose contents

Advertisement purpose

Formation

by Japanese

Range of advertisement

Purpose of formation

Methods of collection

Mutual-aid life Range of demands

Demand Purpose

Background

Collective residential quarter

Figure 3-2

Indianpermission of VISA

Workchanging environment

small

Korenold comer since the colonial

DiverseKoren towns becomin

big

Table 4


9

o Indian community in Edogawa wardIndians gather here because of the Indian community and good public transportation system. Most of the Indians here are IT technicians who work in the town of Ote, which is easily accessible train from West Kasai, Edogawa ward. This is the reason the Indian community initially began here. o Shinjuku-sasatsuka, French areaThe French gather here because of a Japanese-French school. Most of the French population is near the school.• Japanese created community: mandatory method: This is a com-munity formed when Japan forced immigrants to move. o Edagawa 1 chome in Koto wardTokyo is developing the seaside and other areas nearby, but is currently making no improvements to this area, so the buildings and roads are old. Relations between Korean and Japanese resident in this area are favor-able, so there is little need for themed communities to improve them. Edagawa 1 Chome had three main issues, but only one remains. This issue is the need for a new school building. Part of the issue involves a need for re-zoning. Together, the Korean and Japanese residents made a formal demand for re-zoning.

Section 3-5 Characteristics and Classification of Community and Cluster AreasFigure 3-3 shows the classification of communities and cluster areas. The cluster areas are classified according to the process which established them. The cluster area establishment process can be broken into two methods: natural establishment and Japanese establishment (establish-ment forced by the Japanese government). The communities are also formed in three methods: natural establishment, Japanese establishment (Japanese encourage to establish a foreign community), and advertise-ment.

Section 3-6 Conclusion of Section 3Now, it is clear how cluster areas and communities are formed, and the

Table 5


国籍名称期間区域集合理由形態主な住民交流交流度合交流内容

コミュニティ

今後の計画

韓人会新宿ムクゲ会

不明

仏学園の存在・交通の便

教会・集合的居住区域の存在・交通の便

集合的居住区域の存在

強制移住

交通の便・インド人会の存在

不明

※ピンク：複数のコミュニティが存在

消極的

少ない店に来た客不明

仏学園では防災訓練（参加自由）

不明不明

江戸川区インド人会

H12.8～

江戸川区西葛西（大）区域

韓国

交流会・近所との挨拶

インドジュエリータウン不明

台東区御徒町の一角（小）

区域ニューカマー

ニューカマー消極的不明

区域オールドカマー

積極的

韓国の分会、日本の町会に互いに出席

なし学校を新校舎にし、避難地にする

少ない通り

良好

短い台東区昭和通りの筋違い（小）

インド人会

なし

ニューカマー積極的良好

1941～枝川1丁目（小）

ニューカマー積極的

区の会議や日本の町会に韓国人が出席

店に来た客台東区キムチ横丁（親善マーケット）

江東区枝川１丁目

今の状態を保つ

不明大久保韓国人タウン

90年以降増加

新宿区大久保（大）

一部良好区域

フランス

新宿フランス人不明箪笥町区域ニューカマー積極的

少ない

Nationality

Korea

India

French

Shinjuku Ward Okubo

District Newcomers Increase since 90’s

Okubo Korean Town

Positive Partially Good

Attending Ward meetings and Japanese neigborhood association

Existing conditions such as churches, collective residential district, transportation

Kanjinkai

Shunjuku Mukugekai Unknown

Taito Ward Kimchi side street

Short A side street of Taito Ward Showa Street

Collective residential district

Side street

Newcomers Passive Little Customers coming to the stores

Unknown No

Koto Ward Edogawa 1 Chome

1941~ Edogawa 1 Chome

Forced to live there

District Oldcomers Positive Good No Korean and Japanese attend local Korean branch and Japanese neigborhood association each other

The school-house will be newly built to make a port of distress

Edogawa Ward Indian Society

8/2000~ Edogawa Ward Nishikatsushika West

Existence of transportation services and Indian society

District Newcomers Positive Good Cultural Exchange Meeting and greeting to neigbors

Indian Society

Keep the current condition

Jewelry Town

Unknown Part of Okachimachi, Taito Ward

Unknown District Newcomers Passive Little Customers coming to the stores

Unknown Unknown

Shinjuku French

Unknown Tansucho Existence of French School and transportation services

District Newcomers Positive Little Unknown Unknown

Emergency drill in the French school (free for all)

Name Period District Gathering

Reasons Form

Main

dwellers Interaction

Degree of

interaction

Content of

interaction Communities

Future

Plan

Pink:There are multiple communities

Table 6

issue 1 completeissue 2 completeissue 3 wait maintenance of a lot

Table 7


10

relationship between the two has also been uncovered. Classification of cluster areas and communities is similar, but the content is different.

Section 4 Themed Community OutlineThe size of a community and the method of establishment are both factors in how much interaction they have with the Japanese. Based on the classification in Section 3, this section is an analysis of communities researched.

Section 4-1 Themed CommunitiesTable 8 shows the main summary of the communities researched. Table 9 shows how active a relationship they have with the Japanese. Their relationship with the Japanese varies greatly based on how they were formed and how big they are.

Section 4-1-1 Natural EstablishmentTable 10 shows the background of members of communities formed by natural establishment: their demand a community, what it is that they need and why. Immigration law, and changes to it play a major factor in these communities because it controls the flow foreign populace enters the country, they are looking for help, and communities are naturally formed.• Indian community in Edogawa ward (large, active with Japanese): Figure 4-1 shows the Indian community system and how it functions. The Indian community system is built on sharing information. Both in-formation and questions are sent by email to all members on the distri-bution list simultaneously. Everyone reads it, and someone who knows the answer can respond. The Indian community is there for work, and is therefore taking residence in Japan temporarily. As a result, there is a re-spectful distance maintained between the Indian and Japanese residents, which eliminates a lot of friction. The Indian community is large due to a high demand for work.• AUN (small, active with Japanese): This is a collection of several small communities led by the Burmese community in Japan. Refugee

CommuntiesCommuntiesType1

Natural Establishment

Collectiveresidential quarter

Collectiveresidential quarter

Elements Elements

Person Person

EnvironmentPurpose

HistoricalBackground

HistoricalBackground

Typology was method of forming

How communities have been established and how collective residential quarters have been established are different

Only communities

Making Flyers and putting them on many places

Type3 AdvertisementType2

Japanese Establishment

Forced movement

Foreigners invited

Collective residential quarterForeignersJapanese

Communities Forced movement


Compellation

Invitation

Formation of a communityThe method of forming is ①’s contents

Range of recruitment

Appeal to foreignersIt is formed by purpose of Japanese people

Community establish ment has one extra type which is the advertisement

Figure 3-3


ＡＵＮ unknown unknown mutual assistanc

AUN is dividing into smaller groups. It is made of many races, making it difficult to remain as a single group

Indian Commun

less 30 about 200 mutual assistanc

Indian community supports its members in daily life. The Indian in the Edogawa district came to Japan for work. The

Japanese establish

Shinjuku-Mukuge

20's 10 introduce culture

The mambers come and go. Community continues as Koreans who want to teach are added to the group

natural establishment

advertisement

Niji communi

40 to 50 27 introduceand

Doho communi

unknown Nerima remember

Made mainly of naturalized citizens who are trying to remember the chinese culture and language

Made mainly of Korean housewives. They are familiar with both Korean and Japanese culture

Table 8


11


Support Association is a nonprofit organization led by Japanese to assist this community. They hold workshops in which leaders from about thirty small communities participated for the refugee populace where they can learn about medical services and the legal situation in Japan. The com-munity primarily consists of Burmese, but is open to all foreigners. The refugees have to keep their whereabouts secret from their home country, so information is difficult to obtain from them. This limits the assistance they can get from the refugee support association.

Section 4-1-2 Japanese Establishment• Shinjuku-Mukuge community (small, active with Japanese): In the Yotsuya ward center, a Japanese teacher working as a volunteer asked the Korean students if they wanted to teach Korean to the Japanese. The stu-dents discussed it with their friends, and a community was created where Koreans began teaching the Korean language to Japanese. In February of 2007, they named the community Mukuge community. They begun a trial class, which consisted of 10 students. The trial was a success, so they had a second series of sessions from December of 2007 to March of 2008.

Section 4-1-3 Advertisement• Niji community (small, active with Japanese): This community was organized by Korean women in Japan. These women come to Japan for marriage or work, or were born in Japan. The group is for Korean wom-en who feel lonely, helpless, or just want to participate in some activity. Common activities include socializing with Japanese people, socializing with other immigrants, going to events, or studying together. Advertise-ment for this community is in the Ota and Minato wards, well as Kawasaki city. Most of the members live in the Ota ward and Kawasaki city. There are plans to expand in the future.• Doho community (small, active with Japanese): This is a commu-nity of Chinese immigrants who gather to consult each other and have lectures for the purpose of remembering China.

日本人からにくい消極的交流

日本人との交流積極的交流

大規模広く周囲から認知されているため交流が盛んである

小規模・自然形成コミュニティからのアプローチがないと接触は難しい

日本人形成形成時から日本人が関わっているため

募集募集しているため区などが把握している場合が高い

Interaction with Japanese

Possitive Interaction

Passive Interaction

A large scale

Japanese Establishment

It is widely known, therefore, they have good relationshipwith Japanese

Advertisement

A small scale

Natural establishment

Japanese has been involvedsince it was established

They are advertised, therefore, it is highly possiblethe city recognize them.

It is hard to find them

It is hard to be in contact if there is no approach from them

Table 9

Indian 2000Burmese 2004

issue new type of VISA（to IT technicians ）new environmentimprovement of refugee laws support refugees and member

Table 10


12

Section 4-2 Conclusion of Section 4Figure 4-2 shows an analysis of the community’s and cluster area’s size and interchange with Japan. The size and activity of each group depends on the people’s background, purpose, and demand, as these three things are the biggest factors deter-mining the identity of the community or cluster area. The purpose affects how actively the group communicates with the Japanese, the demand af-fects the size of the group, and the background affects both. Government administrative policy is a major influence on the foreign community.

Section 5 Analysis of Foreign Community and The Issues Which OccurThis section will discuss the issues arising between the Japanese and the foreigners, and the existing services to deal with them.

Section 5-1 Comparison of The Korean Cluster AreasFigure 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3 show Korean stores in Okubo Korean town, Kimuchi alley in Daito ward, and Edagawa 1 Chome. A comparison of the Okubo and Daito areas reveals a big difference in the type of stores found because of differing histories and land characteristics. Edagawa 1 Chome is unique because it has a unique history, as the Koreans were forced to move to the area. The buildings there have unique characteristics, there is a lot of municipal housing, as well as very old-style homes and floor cov-erings (a row house with ten-tatami, a type of Japanese style floor which also implies size of room ). Building codes (coverage ratio) were ignored, and the area is generally crowded.

Section 5-2 The Issue of Concession, or Right of Use of Land in Edagawa 1 Chome, in Koto WardFigure 5-4 shows the problem area in Edagawa 1 Chome. In 1995, Tokyo was going to make improvements to the area, including maintenance, but the issue of the right of concession arose. In 2000, the Japanese govern-ment put the land up for sale at 7% of the value. In 2003, Tokyo demol-ished part of the Tokyo Korean #2 elementary school building because part of the building was on land belonging to Tokyo, and Tokyo required

Asking questions through emal

Asking questions through emal

Indian

Society

Questioners

Questioners

Respondents

Figure 4-1


Demand PurposeBackground

Communities


Size Interaction

Figure 4-2


13

Kimchi Grill Korean food Korean clothes+folcraft products+small articlesGrill+Korean food Church Multiple (eat and drink) Beauty+clothesBar+Club Food(sign in Hangul) ServiceObscure (sign in Hangul) Multiple Deaprtment store+duty free storeFacilities Real estate+apartment Others

Figure 5-1


Kimchi(side dishes) Grill Korean food

Buchimgae Meet sales Grill+food

Korean clothes+folk handicraft products+small article Kimchi side street

Figure 5-2


the use of the land. Tokyo filed a suit against the Korean school for com-pensation for use of the land, as the contract for use of the land ended in 1990, and no payments had been made since that time. The suit was for 400,000,000 yen, the equivalent of $4,000,000. The trial continued for 3 years and 3 months, during which the media widely covered the issue in both Japan and Korea, gaining the support of the Japanese and Korean

14


GrillBeautyMunicipal housingKorean foodSide dishes

Tokyo Korean Secondary Elementary School

Figure 5-3

19411945

1945～

2000

2007

The land which is targeted for the trialPropertyThe land which was not sold in 2000

Figure 5-4


15


people for the school. In 2007, a settlement was reached for 170,000,000 yen, or $1,700,000, which the school paid.

Section 5-3 Contact Between The Foreign Community and The Surround-ing Japanese ResidentsTable 11 shows the main problems foreigners have in Japan. Interview research indicated friendly relations between the foreign com-munity and the Japanese, as they greet each other warmly. The Shinjuku ward wanted their foreign and domestic residents to have a symbiotic relationship, so they conducted research to determine how the Japanese residents and the immigrants viewed each other. They determined that the foreign residents felt a lot of prejudice from the Japanese in many situations. In addition, the Japanese felt that the immigrants were bad mannered and had many criminals. A questionnaire distributed to both the Japanese and foreign populace yielded many inconsistencies in the answers.

Section 5-4 Government Administration and CommunityFigure 5-5 shows the result of a questionnaire regarding events in Shin-juku for immigrants. The services for immigrants in Shinjuku are increas-ing, but there is little awareness of these services, so participation is low. The Niji community has been refused to put advertisements for the community in some offices.

Section 5-5 Conclusion of Section 5In this section, the results of the Japanese and foreign relationship is clarified. Foreigners tend to view Japan as the coldest country. There are many problems that immigrants face, and prejudices to overcome. The government administration is increasing services and attempting to consider immigrant problems, but immigrants are fairly ignorant of the available services.

Section 6 Overall ConclusionThese are the topics which were covered and clarified in this paper. The

overall situation of immigrants was explained by increasing number of immigrants, background of immigrants, and cluster areas. The problems government administration has were defined by government administra-tive services, the service of each ward, and the service of each nonprofit organization.The found communities and cluster areas of background, purpose of establishment, details, size, activity, etc, and distribution were discussed, and the characteristics of the methods of establishment were shown. The characteristics of each community were compared by classification, and the factors related to size and activities in each community were proven. Each cluster areas were compared, and the problems between Japanese and foreigners were shown. The government administration and commu-nities were analyzed, and the relationship between foreign communities and Japan were defined.

they are required to carry the a certification of resistration

they are required to be fingerprinted（1992 it was repealed in part of area 、1999 it was competely repealed）

the right to voteTable 11


Result of Questionnaires in Shinjuku Ward

Non-response

Non-response

Non-response

Participated Participated Participated

Neverparticipated Never

participatedNeverparticipated

Activities of PTA and/or Parent’s association

Events of neighborhood associationEvents of racial groups and/or events host by foreigners from the same country

Figure 5-5

16

The following projects were completed for Lincoln/Lancaster County Plan-ning Department.http://lincoln.ne.gov/city/plan/reports/reports/Rpt.pdf

http://lincoln.ne.gov/city/plan/reports/reports/App.pdf

Lancaster County/LincolnThe population both in Lancaster County and in Lincoln has been increas-ing.

The percentage difference in age groups between 2000 and 2010 in Lin-coln and Lancaster County, Nebraska The population of older people has clearly increased. The population of young people has increased as well. Generation X and Y are visible here, as well as the echo boom of Generation Y.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Comparison of Age Distribution~Lancaster County 2000 - 2010~

2000

2010

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Comparison of Age Distribution~Lincoln 2000 - 2010~

2000

2010

YearTotal Population

Total Change Ten Yr.

Annualized Change Ten

Percent Change Ten

1960 155,272Growth in 1960's 12,700 1,270 0.79%

1970 167,972Growth in 1970's 24,912 2,491 1.39%

1980 192,884Growth in 1980's 20,757 2,076 1.03%

1990 213,641Growth in 1990's 36,650 3,665 1.60%

2000 250,291Growth in 2000's 35,116 3,512 1.32%

2010 285,407

10 Year 35,116 3,512 1.32%20 Year 71,766 3,588 1.46%30 Year 92,523 3,084 1.31%40 Year 117,435 2,936 1.33%50 Year 130,135 2,603 1.22%

Growth Rates:

YearTotal Population

Total Change Ten Yr.

Annualized Change Ten

Percent Change Ten

1960 128,521Growth in 1960's 20,997 2,100 1.52%

1970 149,518Growth in 1970's 22,414 2,241 1.41%

1980 171,932Growth in 1980's 20,040 2,004 1.11%

1990 191,972Growth in 1990's 33,609 3,361 1.63%

2000 225,581Growth in 2000's 32,798 3,280 1.37%

2010 258,379

10 Year 32,798 3,280 1.37%20 Year 66,407 3,320 1.50%30 Year 86,447 2,882 1.37%40 Year 108,861 2,722 1.38%50 Year 129,858 2,597 1.41%

Growth Rates:

Lancaster County

Lancaster County

Lincoln

Lincoln

Baby Boomers

Baby Boomers

-20.0%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Comparison of Age Distribution~Percent Change 2000 - 2010~

Lancaster County Lincoln

Baby Boomers

Generation XGeneration Y

Census ReportThe Census ReportLancaster County/ City of Lincoln (2011)

Census Report City of Lincoln/Lancaster County

Lancaster County

17

Comparison of RaceThe racial majority in Lancaster County and Lincoln is white.

The percent change by race between 2000 and 2010However, if you look at the percent change of race, you can see which races have rapidly increased.Two more races could increase quickly because this category would include any mixed races. As long as the category of Some Other Race has such large change, we need to know the majority population contained under the Some Other Race category.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

White Black or AfricanAmerican

American Indianand Alaska

Native

Asian Native Hawaiianand Other

Pacific Islander

Some OtherRace

Two or MoreRaces

Comparison of Race~Lancaster County 2000 - 2010~

2000 2010

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

White Black or AfricanAmerican

American Indianand Alaska

Native

Asian Native Hawaiianand Other

Pacific Islander

Some OtherRace

Two or MoreRaces

Comparison of Race~Lincoln 2000 - 2010~

2000 2010

225,42690.1%

7,0522.8%1,599

0.6%7,1622.9%

1490.1%

4,2251.7%

4,6781.9%

Comparison of Race~Lancaster County 2000~

White

Black or African American

American Indian and AlaskaNativeAsian

Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific IslanderSome Other Race

Two or More Races

248,61587.1%

9,9203.5%

2,1400.7%9,961

3.5%150

0.1%6,7362.4%

7,8852.8%

Comparison of Race~Lancaster County 2010~

White


American Indian and AlaskaNativeAsian

Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific IslanderSome Other Race

Two or More Races

10.3%

40.7%33.8% 39.1%

0.7%

59.4%68.6%

10.4%

41.1%34.9% 38.7%

4.3%

61.0%70.6%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

White Black orAfrican

American

AmericanIndian and

Alaska Native

Asian NativeHawaiian andOther Pacific

Islander

Some OtherRace

Two or MoreRaces

Comparison of Race~Percent Change 2000 - 2010~




RaceAccording to the U.S. Census Bu-reau, “Some Other Race” includes all other responses not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories. Respondents reporting entries such as multiracial, mixed, interracial, or a Hispanic or Latino group (for exam-ple, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or Spanish) in response to the race question are included in this catego-ry.

18

Comparison of Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or LatinoThe population of Hispanic or Latino has been increasing. It has nearly doubled in the last ten years.

The percent change by Hispanic or Latino (any race) and each ethnical categories of Not Hispanic or Latino between 2000 and 2010One of the reasons American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and Some Other Race have increased is the Hispanic or Latino population. As a result, the increment of these three races is much higher than increment of these three races which is not Hispanic or Latino. On the contrary, Asians are less likely to be Hispanic or Latino than other races. According to the Census Bureau, nationally, 97% of Some Other Race is Hispanic or Latino. We can probably say the majority in Some Other Race in Lincoln and Lancaster County is Hispanic or Latino because there are huge differences in percent change between Some Other Race including Hispanic Latino and Some Other Race Not Hispanic or Latino.

10.3%

40.7%33.8% 39.1%

0.7%

59.4%68.6%

10.4%

41.1%34.9% 38.7%

4.3%

61.0%70.6%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%


American

AmericanIndian and

Alaska Native


Islander

Some OtherRace

Two or MoreRaces

Comparison of Race~Percent Change 2000 - 2010~


95.6

%

8.4% 40

.7%

-4.3

%

48.0

%

-42.

5%

30.7

% 63.4

%95.0

%

8.5% 41

.8%

-3.4

%

46.6

%

-42.

6%

29.8

% 66.2

%

-60.0%

-40.0%

-20.0%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

Hispanic orLatino (any

race)


American

AmericanIndian and

Alaska Native


Islander

Some OtherRace

Two orMore Races

Comparison of Hispanic or Latino and not Hispanic or LatinoPercent Change 2000 - 2010~


(NotHispanic orLatino)

8,532

222,097

6,851 1,750 6,685 228 290 3,85816,685

240,702

9,636 1,6749,895

131 379 6,3050

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000


race)


American

AmericanIndian and

AlaskaNative

Asian NativeHawaiianand Other

PacificIslander

SomeOther Race

Two orMore Races

Comparison of Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino~Lancaster County 2000 - 2010~

2000 2010

(Not Hispanic or Latino)

8,5323.4%

222,09788.7%

6,8512.7%

1,7500.7%

6,6852.7%

2280.1%

2900.1%

3,8581.5%

Comparison of Hispanic or Latino and not Hispanic or Latino~Lancaster 2000~

Hispanic or Latino (any race)

White


American Indian and AlaskaNative Asian

Native Hawaiian and Other PacificIslander Some Other Race

Two or More Races

Not

Hisp

anic

or L

atin

o

8,299

197,951

6,729 1,667 6,622 223 272 3,679

16,182

214,739

9,5411,611

9,711128 353

6,1140

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000


race)


American

AmericanIndian and

AlaskaNative

Asian NativeHawaiianand Other

PacificIslander

SomeOther Race

Two orMore Races

Comparison of Hispanic or Latino and not Hispanic or Latino~Lincoln 2000 - 2010~

2000 2010

(Not Hispanic or Latino)

16,6855.8%

240,70284.3%

9,6363.4%

1,6740.6%

9,8953.5%

1310.0%

3790.1%

6,3052.2%

Comparison of Hispanic or Latino and not Hispanic or Latino~Lancaster 2010~

Hispanic or Latino (any race)

White


American Indian and Alaska Native

Asian

Native Hawaiian and Other PacificIslander Some Other Race

Two or More Races

Not

Hisp

anic

or L

atin

o



19

Age and Race Comparison

White: The age distribution of the white population is nearly the same as the total population because it is the majority race. The peak of age co-hort is 20 to 24. As you saw, eighty seven percent of the total population is white. This would be largely due to the college population, but also co-incides with the Generation Y boom which in general is more pronounced among the White population.Black: The Black population has younger people and fewer older people than the age distribution of total population.American Indian and Alaska Native: This is a similar trend to the Black population.Asian: The peak of age distribution is 20 to 29 because there are many Asian college students, many of which are from abroad.

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver

Age Comparison between Race and Total Population~Percent in each cohort Lancaster County 2010~

White Total

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Black or African American Total

White: The Median Age for the White Pop-ulation is 34.3 years old

The Median Age for the Total Population is 32.6 years old

The Median Age for the Black or African American Pop-ulation is 26.6 years old

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


American Indian and Alaska Native Total

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Asian Total

The Median Age for the American Indi-an and Alaska Native Popu-lation is 26.8 years old

The Median Age for the Asian Popu-lation is 28.6 years old


The population of Not White has been increasing for about 40 years.


20

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Some Other Race Total

The Median Age for the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Pop-ulation is 30.3 years old

The Median Age for the Some Other Race Popu-lation is 24.9 years old


Age and Race Comparison

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: This age distribution is inter-esting because this is a very sporadic distribution with very little pattern. Other races were similar to the age distribution of total population, but this is totally different. This is largely due to the extremely small Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population. Just a few people or fam-ilies can make a very large impact when they come or go.Some Other Race: The population of Some Other Race has a unique pop-ulation curve with two peaks.Two or More Races: The population of Two or More Races is very young and follows a natural curve.

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%16.0%18.0%20.0%22.0%24.0%26.0%28.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Two or More Races Total

The Median Age for the Two or More Races Population is 13.8 years old

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Total



21

Age Distribution of Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino

Hispanic or Latino: The Hispanic or Latino population is young compared to the total population. There are 2,278 people in Lancaster County in the Hispanic or Latino under 5 age cohort, which represent 13.7% of the total Hispanic or Latino population in Lancaster County for 2010.White (Not Hispanic or Latino): Due to the size of this population, it is very similar to the distribution of total population. However, there is a lower percentage of young people and slightly higher percentage of older people.Black (Not Hispanic or Latino): This is the same as the age distribution of Black or African American.American Indian and Alaska Native (Not Hispanic or Latino): This shows young American Indian and Alaska Native are likely Hispanic or Latino. The younger population of American Indian and Alaska Native which is not Hispanic or Latino is much lower than younger population of Ameri-can Indian and Alaska Native.

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver

Age Comparison between Ethnicity and Total Population~Percent in each cohort Lancaster County 2010~

Hispanic or Latino Total

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


White(Not Hispanic or Latino) Total

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Black or African American(Not Hispanic or Latino) Total

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


American Indian and Alaska Native(Not Hispanic or Latino) Total

The Median Age for the Hispanic or Latino Pop-ulation is 23.2 years old

The Median Age for the White/Not His-panic or Latino Population is 34.8 years old

The Median Age for the Black or African American/Not Hispanic or Lati-no Population is 26.9 years old

The Median Age for the American Indi-an and Alaska Native/Not His-panic or Latino Population is 29.0 years old




22

Age Distribution of Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino

Asian (Not Hispanic or Latino): The percent change of the Asian Not Hispanic or Latino population is much higher than the percent change of Asian population.Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Not Hispanic or Latino): This also shows that the younger population of Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander is likely Hispanic or Latino.Some Other Race:Younger age distribution in Some Other Race is much lower than the younger age distribution in Some Other Race, Not Hispanic or Latino, even though there are many people who are Some Other Race, Hispanic or Latino.

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Asian(Not Hispanic or Latino) Total

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander(Not Hispanic or Latino)Total

0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%

10.0%12.0%14.0%

unde

r5

5 to

9

10 to

14

15 to

19

20 to

24

25 to

29

30 to

34

35 to

39

40 to

44

45 to

49

50 to

54

55 to

59

60 to

64

65 to

69

70 to

74

75 to

79

80 to

84

85 a

nd o

ver


Some Other Race(Not Hispanic or Latino) Total

The Median Age for the Asian/Not His-panic or Latino Population is 28.7 years old

The Median Age for the Native Hawai-ian and Other Pacific Islander/Not Hispanic or Latino Popu-lation is 31.2 years old

The Median Age for the Some Other Race/Not His-panic or Latino Population is 21.9 years old

The Median Age for the Two or More Races/Not Hispanic or Latino Popu-lation is 13.7 years old

Two or More Races: The age distribution of Two or More Races is almost same as Two or More Races, Not Hispanic or Latino. The races which have higher percent change in the past ten years seems to be distributed by younger population. This result makes us think there would be much more these races in our future. In addition, any races except white have a younger median age than the median age of total population. And the younger median age of a race is the higher percent change they will have.



23

Hispanic or Latino Population The Mexican origin has become stronger among the origin of Hispanic or Latino population. Central American origin has been increasing a lot as a Hispanic or Latino origin likely due to smaller numbers in 2000 relative to Mexican. According to Adriana Garcia’s report, Non-Hispanic whites will become a minority in the United States by 2050. She writes, “Of the 117 million people added to the population in this period due to the effect of new immigration, 67 million will be the immigrants themselves and 50 million will be their U.S.-born children or grandchildren.” According to Census Data, this is already happening in California. The population of Not Hispanic or Latino White in California is 14,956,253. The total population in California is 37,253,956. The Not Hispanic or Latino White population is only 40% of the total population in California. According to CBS News, “as recently as 1970, non-Hispanic whites accounted for nearly 80 percent of the state’s population.” The United States has followed this trend. We are clearly able to see this trend in Lincoln and Lancaster County as well, but there is still a strong white majority in Lincoln and Lancaster County.

65.1%3.9%

1.7%

0.2%4.9%3.7%

20.5%

Origin for the Hispanic or Latino population~Lancaster County 2000~

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Dominican (DominicanRepublic) Central American(excludes Mexican) South American

Other Hispanic or Latino

74.4%

3.0%1.4%

0.3%

8.8%4.3% 7.8%

Origin for the Hispanic or Latino population~Lancaster County 2010~

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Dominican (DominicanRepublic) Central American(excludes Mexican) South American

Other Hispanic or Latino

-50%0%

50%100%150%200%250%300%

M

exic

an

Pu

erto

Ric

an

C

uban

D

omin

ican

(Dom

inic

anR

epub

lic)

C

entr

al A

mer

ican

(exc

lud

es M

exic

an)

S

outh

Am

eric

an

O

ther

His

pan

ic o

rLa

tino

Comparison of Origin for the Hispanic or Latino by Percent Change between Lincoln and Lancaster County




24

Housing Characteristics Part One The non-institutionalized Group Quarters population has been growing and scattering throughout the community. Much of this has been due to the new student housing at UNL and Nebraska Wesleyan since 2000. Pop-ulation in Group Quarters has increased more in Lincoln than in Lancaster County overall. Non-family households will likely continue to increase in the future based on trends. We do not see much change of house-hold size and family size between 2000 and 2010. There was much more change between 1990 and 2000.

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

Total Institutionalized Non-institutionalized

In Group Quarters~Percent Change Comparison between Lincoln and

Lancaster County~


Lancaster County

LincolnLancaster County



Lincoln

Total 250,291 225,581 285,407 258,379 35,116 32,798 14.0% 14.5%

Total 238,094 213,938 271,591 244,800 33,497 30,862 14.1% 14.4%

Total 12,197 11,643 13,816 13,579 1,619 1,936 13.3% 16.6%Institutionalized 4,061 3,689 4,320 4,236 259 547 6.4% 14.8%Non-institutionalized 8,136 7,954 9,496 9,343 1,360 1,389 16.7% 17.5%

in Group Quarters

In Households

Housing Characteristics

Household Population Change between 2000 and 20102000 2010 Absolute Percentage(%)

2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010Total 250,291 285,407 72.9 72.0 22.3 23.1 4.9 4.8 12,197 13,816 4,061 4,320 8,136 9,496

CT 20001.00 3,745 3,364 73.6 70.2 25.7 29.1 0.7 0.7 27 23 0 0 27 232.01 4,604 4,654 77.6 73.8 22.4 25.9 0 0.4 0 17 0 17 0 02.02 4,376 4,351 51.3 54.8 33.1 25.9 15.6 19.3 682 839 0 0 682 8393.00 3,695 3,352 60.9 65.8 39.1 34.2 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 04.00 5,124 5,145 70.4 71.9 28.6 27.8 1 0.3 51 16 0 0 51 165.00 1,495 1,648 34.4 29.7 60.7 56.3 4.8 14.0 72 230 0 0 72 2306.00 5,035 6,413 0.5 0.0 1 0.0 98.5 100.0 4,960 6,410 0 0 4,960 6,4107.00 2,752 2,570 47.9 46.8 42.3 46.5 9.8 6.7 270 171 0 52 270 1198.00 3,752 3,497 68.3 73.9 31.3 26.1 0.3 0.1 13 2 10 0 3 29.00 3,946 3,749 55.6 53.7 32.7 34.8 11.7 11.5 463 430 7 0 456 430

10.00 8,033 7844 66.4 67.5 31.8 32.2 1.8 0.3 145 23 67 16 78 711.00 7,286 8,011 86.3 85.0 13.7 15.0 0 0.1 0 5 0 0 0 512.00 6,040 6,155 82.4 80.5 17.5 19.5 0.1 0.0 4 2 0 0 4 213.01 3,869 3,669 73.2 73.0 26.8 25.8 0 1.1 0 42 0 25 0 1713.02 3,007 2,900 86.9 82.9 13.1 17.1 0 0.1 0 2 0 0 0 214.00 4,899 4,694 71.5 70.6 24.7 25.1 3.8 4.2 185 198 185 189 0 915.00 4,745 4,612 70.7 73.2 25 23.0 4.4 3.8 208 176 104 109 104 6716.00 5,889 5,712 72.5 74.2 27.3 25.6 0.1 0.2 8 12 0 0 8 1217.00 5,348 4,949 52.2 57.8 45.5 41.7 2.3 0.6 121 28 96 5 25 2318.00 2,021 1,715 55.8 51.0 43.3 42.9 0.9 6.1 18 105 0 0 18 10519.00 941 993 13.7 14.3 41.8 47.3 44.5 38.4 419 381 0 0 419 38120.00 5,554 5266 36.6 40.8 59.4 51.9 4 7.2 222 381 214 302 8 7921.00 2,160 2,148 70.8 76.9 28.9 22.2 0.2 1.0 5 21 0 0 5 2122.00 5,751 5,504 61 66.2 34 28.8 5 5.0 286 273 286 272 0 123.00 6,203 6,013 70.5 70.3 29.2 27.4 0.3 2.3 21 140 0 103 21 3724.00 3,585 3,098 79.3 86.7 10.6 13.3 10.1 0.0 361 0 361 0 0 025.00 5,449 5,311 76.5 76.2 23.3 23.8 0.2 0.1 9 3 0 0 9 327.01 3,278 3,168 58.1 58.0 25.6 27.6 16.2 14.4 532 457 0 27 532 43027.02 5,742 5,394 82 80.8 14.5 17.2 3.5 2.0 201 108 153 108 48 028.00 5,436 5,131 75.5 75.5 24.5 24.5 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 029.00 2,469 4,968 56.9 59.4 41.7 40.6 1.4 0.1 35 3 0 0 35 330.01 3,819 6,748 82 79.5 18 20.4 0 0.1 0 6 0 0 0 630.02 3,565 3,345 72.5 71.8 27.4 28.0 0.1 0.1 3 5 0 0 3 530.03 4,685 4,947 78.2 79.1 20.1 19.4 1.7 1.5 78 75 0 63 78 1231.01 7,805 7508 73.4 78.1 26.6 21.9 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 031.02 5,331 5,900 84.4 85.4 15.6 14.6 0 0.0 2 0 0 0 2 032.01 246 165 0.8 2.4 1.2 0.6 98 97.0 241 160 241 160 0 032.02 3,355 3,156 88.7 91.2 11.3 8.8 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 033.00 4,404 7949 74.7 70.8 25.3 28.9 0 0.3 0 24 0 12 0 1234.00 7,479 12021 72.9 75.1 17.4 14.8 9.7 10.1 726 1,212 719 1,212 7 035.00 222 212 0 0.0 0 0.0 100 100.0 222 212 187 212 35 036.04 1,802 2,787 88.2 90.7 11 8.6 0.8 0.7 14 19 0 0 14 1936.05

(36.01)4,754 4,678 61.3 61.8 13.2 12.8 25.5 25.4 1,214 1,187 1,214 1,183 0 4

36.06 3,057 7064 81.3 86.9 18.7 13.1 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 037.04 5,363 5,254 69.2 71.6 30.7 28.3 0.1 0.1 5 3 0 0 5 337.06 5,332 5,864 79.9 74.0 18.4 24.1 1.7 2.0 90 116 85 111 5 537.07 6,205 7,660 92.1 86.0 7.7 13.9 0.2 0.2 12 12 12 0 0 1237.08 4,164 4,121 85.9 81.9 14.1 18.1 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 037.09 5,543 5,008 89.6 86.6 10.2 13.3 0.1 0.1 7 5 0 0 7 537.10 4,169 7605 92.2 89.3 7.8 10.0 0 0.8 0 58 0 58 0 337.11 2,143 4539 95 93.6 4.6 6.4 0.4 0.1 9 3 0 0 9 037.12 4,466 9756 90.9 88.8 8.7 10.9 0.4 0.3 16 32 16 0 0 3238.01 4,509 4,684 83.3 79.0 16.6 20.9 0 0.1 2 3 0 0 2 338.02 3,007 2,990 86.4 85.2 13.6 14.8 0 0.0 1 0 0 0 1 0

101.00 4,999 6,030 90.1 90.4 8.9 8.7 1 0.8 50 50 50 50 0 0102.00 4,190 7742 88.5 81.2 8.4 18.4 3.2 0.3 133 25 0 0 133 25103.00 3,238 3,855 88.4 89.2 11.6 8.8 0 2.0 0 77 0 0 0 77104.00 6,210 7,821 90 90.7 9.1 8.9 0.9 0.4 54 34 54 34 0 0

Total Popultion

Group Quarters Population

TotalInstitutionalized

PopulationNoninstitutionali

zed Population

Lanc

aste

r Cou

nty

In Households

In Families

Nonfamily Householders and Non-Relatives of

Householder

In Group Quarters

Percent of Total Population

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Total 99,187 90,485 113,373 103,546 14,186 13,061 14.3% 14.4%Family household 60,702 53,580 68,210 60,300 7,508 6,720 12.4% 12.5%Non-family household 38,485 36,905 45,163 43,246 6,678 6,341 17.4% 17.2%

Household Characteristics

Household Population Change between 2000 and 20102000 2010 Absolute Percentage(%)

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Lancaster County

Lincoln City

Average household size 2.40 2.36 2.40 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.0% 0.0%Average family size 3.00 2.99 3.01 3.01 0.01 0.02 0.3% 0.7%


Average Size (Mean) Change between 2000 and 20102000 2010 Absolute Percentage(%)



25

Housing Characteristics Part Two The number of housing units has been increasing, therefore, the occu-pied housing units also has increased. However, the percentage of vacant housing units has increased. Both renter occupied units and owner occu-pied units have increased because the number of occupied housing units has also increased.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

20002010

99,187 113,373

5,030 7,502

Housing Occupancy Characteristics Comparison~Lancaster County 2000 - 2010~

Vacant housingunits

Occupiedhousing units

95.2% 93.8%

4.8% 6.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2000 2010

Housing Occupancy Characteristics Comparison

~Lancaster County 2000 and 2010~

VacanthousingunitsOccupiedhousingunits

59,990 69,309

39,19744,064

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

2000 2010

Tota

l Ocu

upie

d Ho

usin

g Uni

ts

Ocuupied Housing Characteristics Comparison~Lancaster County 2000 - 2010~

Renteroccupied

Owneroccupied

60.5% 61.1%

39.5% 38.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2000 2010

Occupied Housing Characteristics Comparison

~Lancaster County 2000 - 2010~

Renteroccupied

Owneroccupied



26

Households CharacteristicsThe majority of Householders are White, but there have been significant increases in other Householders. Minority Householders are increasing more rapidly than White Householders. It is also worth noting here that the “White” (and all other populations) includes Hispanic or Latino, so their increases are even less indicated on these graphs. More than half of householders do not have a spouse. The economic situation in America may be a factor of influence on these changes. It appears that some peo-ple have started living together with their grandparents, parents, grand-children, and other relatives. The relationship between households and people living within households has become more complex. While this appears to be a new trend in habitation in Lincoln and Lancaster County, this increase is still only small in scale. It is difficult to predict how this trend may or may not continue with the uncertainty of the economy.

0 50,000 100,000 150,000

White



Asian

Native Hawaiian and Other PacificIslander

Some Other Race

Two or More Races

Hispanic or Latino

92,098

2,275

460

2,085

41

1,124

1,104

2,326

103,056

3,196

669

2,981

50

1,902

1,519

4,475

Householder Race in Occupied Housing Units~Lancaster County~

2000 2010

Lancaster County




Lincoln

Total Housing Units 104,217 95,199 120,875 110,546 16,658 15,347 16.0% 16.1%

Total Householders 99,187 90,485 113,373 103,546 14,186 13,061 14.3% 14.4% White 92,098 83,515 103,056 93,381 10,958 9,866 11.9% 11.8% Black or African American 2,275 2,258 3,196 3,171 921 913 40.5% 40.4% American Indian and Alaska Native 460 444 669 653 209 209 45.4% 47.1% Asian 2,085 2,060 2,981 2,950 896 890 43.0% 43.2% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 41 41 50 49 9 8 22.0% 19.5% Some Other Race 1,124 1,099 1,902 1,867 778 768 69.2% 69.9% Two or More Races 1,104 1,068 1,519 1,475 415 407 37.6% 38.1% Hispanic or Latino 2,326 2,275 4,475 4,365 2,149 2,090 92.4% 91.9%

Occupied housing units


Number Change between 2000 and 20102000 2010 Absolute Percentage(%)

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

White



Asian

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

Some Other Race

Two or More Races

Hispanic or Latino

Comparison of Race ~Householder Change 2000 - 2010~

Lancaster County

Lincoln

0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%

100.0%

W

hite

Bl

ack

or A

frica

nAm

erica

n

Am

erica

n In

dian

and

Alas

ka N

ativ

e As

ian

N

ativ

e H

awai

ian

and

Oth

er P

acifi

c Isla

nder

So

me

Othe

r Rac

e

Tw

o or

Mor

e Ra

ces

Hi

span

ic o

r Lat

ino

Comparison of Householder Race ~Percent Change 2000 - 2010~

Lancaster County

Lincoln

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Ho

useh

olde

r

Sp

ouse

Und

er 1

8 ye

ars

18 y

ears

and

ove

r

Gr

andc

hild

Br

othe

r or s

ister

Pa

rent

O

ther

rela

tives

of

hous

ehol

der

Hous

emat

e or

room

mat

e

Unm

arrie

d pa

rtne

r

Oth

er n

onre

lativ

es

Comparison of Household Relationship~Population Lancaster 2000 - 2010~

2000 2010

Child Nonrelative ofhouseholder

0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%

Ho

useh

olde

r

Sp

ouse

Und

er 1

8 ye

ars

18 y

ears

and

ove

r

Gr

andc

hild

Br

othe

r or s

ister

Pa

rent

O

ther

rela

tives

of

hous

ehol

der

Hous

emat

e or

room

mat

e

Unm

arrie

d pa

rtne

r

Oth

er n

onre

lativ

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Comparison of Household Relationship~percent change 2000 - 2010~


Child Nonrelative ofhouseholder



Documents

Community research portfolio shusei kakimoto