Communications contexts

Communications 233

“Communication”

communis – commoncommunicare – to impart, sharecommicatus – past participle of communicare

“What does this mean?”

Tot, kto ponimáyet éto polucháyem pyatyórka?

“What does this mean?”

Types of communication content

Cognitive Knowledge Opinion Attitude

Affective Feeling Emotion Sensory

Shannon-Weaver model

Elements of the communications process

Heider’s P-O-X model

Intrapersonal communication

Newcomb’s ABX model

Interpersonal communication

Westley-MacLean model

Mass communication.

There are at least three levels of communication

IntrapersonalInterpersonalMass

BooksNewspapersMagazinesFilmRecorded music

Mass communications media

RadioTelevisionCableInternet

Media support systems,auxiliary services

AdvertisingPublic RelationsWire ServicesSyndicatesOther

Functions of the media

InformEntertainPersuadeProvide economic supportDevelop common basis of

experience

Mass communications is financed by

Private capital investmentAdvertisingSubscription, purchasesDecoder expendituresGovernment subsidy

Definition of mass communication

Mass communications is a process in which professional communicators use mechanical media

Definition of mass communication

Mass communications is a process in which professional communicators use mechanical media to disseminate messages widely, rapidly, and continuously to arouse intended meanings in large and diverse audiences in attempts to influence them in a variety of ways

Five distinct stages of mass communications:

Professional communicators formulate messages.

Messages are disseminated via mechanical (artificial) means

Messages reach large and diverse audiences.

Audience members interpret messages as they assign meanings.

Audience members are influenced.

Communicators

Large, unknown audience vs. known, small audience

Institutional communications vs. person (Leads to resistance to change.)

Heterogeneous audience produces content for “the wad”

Messages

Multi-channeled vs. singularity of channels

Multi-channeled produces more “affective” communication content

Issues surrounding accuracy

Feedback

Instant in personal, delayed in mass communications

Greater quantity in personal, less in mass communications

Indicate how many hours you spent with the following media

Sun. Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

Npaper

Books

Mags

TV

Radio

Internet

Music

Movies

Videos

Total