Common Humanitarian Strategy and Humanitarian Financing: Tools and Trends

CAP Consolidated Appeal Process

Common Humanitarian Common Humanitarian Strategy and Strategy and

Humanitarian Financing:Humanitarian Financing:

Tools and TrendsTools and Trends

June 2010June 2010


AFTERNOON WORKPLANAFTERNOON WORKPLANPart I: Common Humanitarian Part I: Common Humanitarian StrategyStrategy

Central Emergency Response Fund (global)

Common Humanitarian Response Funds – CHFs (country-level)

Emergency and Humanitarian Response Funds – ERFs/HRFs (country-level)

Financial Tracking Service (FTS)

On-line Project System (OPS)

Part II: Humanitarian FinancingPart II: Humanitarian Financing

Consolidated Appeal Process Flash Appeals


present strategic approaches to humanitarian crises

plan, coordinate, implement & monitor response

appeal for funds cohesively

presents an action plan & set of projects

serves as a road map of required actions & funding needs

ensures funds are spent strategically, efficiently & with greater accountability

Consolidated and Flash AppealsConsolidated and Flash Appeals

Appeals bring aid organisations and donors and governments together to:

Each appeal:


In 2010, there have been 16 Consolidated Appeals in Afghanistan, CAR, Chad, DRC, Kenya, Nepal, oPt, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uganda, West Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe, and the countries neighboring Iraq

In 2010, there has been only one Flash Appeal (Haiti), in contrast to 2009 when there were seven

Total requested in 2010: More than $9.3 billion; received almost $4 billion (41%).

Most appeals are and have been in Africa.

For the past three years around 70% of needs have been funded by the end of the year, leaving approximately 30% of needs unmet.

OVERVIEW OF APPEALS OVERVIEW OF APPEALS


Consolidated and Flash Consolidated and Flash Appeal Funding: 2000 - 2010Appeal Funding: 2000 - 2010

Year / Number of Appeals

Requirements US $

Contributions US$

% Covered

2000 (14 Appeals) 1.92 billion 1.14 billion 59%










2010 (15 Appeals) 9.30 billion 3.83 billion 41%As of June 2010


What is a Flash Appeal?What is a Flash Appeal? A strategic humanitarian response

plan

A tool for coordination, planning, and programming

Outlines priority life-saving needs, within a week of the emergency's onset

Contains rapid needs assessment information, a common humanitarian action plan, and specific sectoral response plans and projects

Addresses acute needs for up to 6 months and can become a Consolidated Appeal if emergency continues and needs persist


Why do we need it?Why do we need it?

To provide a framework for strategic, coordinated, and inclusive programming in a rapidly developing disaster or emergency situation

To avoid competing and overlapping appeals

To serve as an inventory or catalogue of priority humanitarian project proposals, and a barometer of funding response.


Who is involved?Who is involved? Affected country

government

Donors (field office representatives)

NGOs (international and local)

Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement

Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator (leading the process, with OCHA’s support)

UN Agencies

UNDAC teams


What is the role of cluster What is the role of cluster leads?leads?

Leading rapid needs assessments

Mapping capacity Setting sectoral

strategy and priorities Gathering project

proposals inclusively, ensuring that all top needs are covered

Vetting projects transparently


Key elements of Key elements of a response plana response plan

Needs

Strategic Objectives

Proposed Activities

Expected Outcomes

1.5 – 2 pageshttp://ochaonline.un.org/humanitarianappeal/webpage.asp?MenuID=12508&Page=1481


Example of a project Example of a project summary boxsummary box

SHELTER CLUSTER $

OXFAMPHL-09/S-NF/27810

Project Title

Emergency Shelter and NFIs Assistance to Affected Population in Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, and in NCR if required

1,000,000

Objective Provide emergency shelter and NFIs to families whose houses have been destroyed to ensure privacy and dignity, particularly for women and children

Beneficiaries

10,000 families (55,000 people). The target group for the programme includes women-headed households, daily wage labourers, landless (both urban and rural).

Partners PDRN


RevisingRevising FlashFlash AppealsAppeals

Revisions are necessary because flash appeals are, of necessity, written within a short timeframe and using incomplete information

Revisions take place within 4 weeks of the publication of the original appeal (using the On-line Project System (OPS)

Revisions also accomplish the following:

– Present up-to-date information

– Outline progress made

– Assess the effectiveness of current strategy

– Update sector/cluster response plans

– Reprioritize humanitarian response activities

– Analyze funding

– Advocate for donor support


Why should NGOs Why should NGOs participate in the participate in the

appeal planning process appeal planning process and include projects in and include projects in

the appeals?the appeals?

VisibilityVisibility

Donor Donor requirementrequirement

Cluster membershipCluster membership

Access to pooled Access to pooled fundsfunds


ACF inACF in AppealsAppeals

255 ACF projects have been in included in 70 Consolidated and Flash Appeals over the past 10 years.

Total project requirements have been more than $177 million.

The average reported funding for these projects is 57% of requirements.

The largest project requirements have been in Sudan 2008, Haiti 2010, DRC 2006, OPT 2010, Afghanistan 2002, Chad 2010 (+$10 million each).


ACF inACF in AppealsAppeals

Total requested

Total reported

% covered

Total 177,705,056 102,110,320 57

2001 3,040,000 - -

2002 12,387,322 1,811,350 15

2003 1,680,000

2004 3,915,827

2005 5,807,448 3,397,207 58

2006 20,748,490 4,334,339 21

2007 19,851,445 20,894,610 105

2008 28,069,774 20,884,190 74 (on par)

2009 24,218,273 23,474,584 97 (above)

2010 57,986,477 27,314,040 47 (on par)


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STRENGTHENING HUMANITARIAN

RESPONSE

Part II: Humanitarian FinancingPart II: Humanitarian Financing


Not enough funding overall to meet worldwide needs

Funding is unevenly spread relative to needs (countries, agencies and sectors)

Funding is too slow

Humanitarian FinancingHumanitarian FinancingThree ProblemsThree Problems

Supply side and demand side: which instruments are related to which side?

Common humanitarian action plans and their selected projects (Consolidated and Flash Appeals) aim to organize the demand side.

Humanitarian finance reforms, such as pooled funds and the Good Humanitarian Donorship initiative, aim to improve the supply side.

Supply and DemandSupply and Demand


Tool + Money = Tool + Money = Improved Humanitarian Improved Humanitarian

ResponseResponse

Tool:Tool: Appeals are the tools for planning, coordinating and monitoring humanitarian action.

Money:Money: Funding allows projects / activities / programmes to be implemented. CERF, CHFs and ERFs provide some money for programs that are underfunded but essential for the overall humanitarian response.


Humanitarian Pooled FundsHumanitarian Pooled Funds

Global Level - CERF: Central Emergency Response Fund (since 2006)

Country level - CHFs: Common Humanitarian

Response Funds (since 2006)- ERF/HRFs: Emergency / Humanitarian Response Funds

(since 1997)


What is the CERF?What is the CERF?

Humanitarian funding mechanism established by the UN to enable more timely and reliable assistance

Launched in March 2006 to upgrade the Central Emergency Revolving Fund

added grant element based on voluntary contributions by donors (target of $450 million per year-grant component only)

Intended to complement existing humanitarian funding and coordination mechanisms such as the inter-agency Consolidated and Flash Appeals


CERF is an integral part of CERF is an integral part of Humanitarian ReformHumanitarian Reform

Ensures more timely and predictable humanitarian financing to enable a prompt response to new or rapidly deteriorating crises by providing emergency funds

Reinforces the cluster approach (project vetting/prioritization)

Strengthens core elements of humanitarian response in underfunded crisis


Who can receive CERF grants?Who can receive CERF grants?

United Nations funds, programmes and specialized agencies

International Organization for Migration (as per GA Resolution)

While NGOs cannot apply directly for CERF funds, they can participate in the prioritization and selection process as part of the humanitarian country team and can receive funds as implementing partners of UN agencies and IOM.


CERF Life Saving CriteriaCERF Life Saving Criteria All projects funded through a CERF

grant must be for life-saving / core emergency humanitarian programmes defined as:

– Activities that, within a short time span, remedy, mitigate or avert direct loss of life, physical harm or threats to a population or major portion thereof.

– Also permissible are common humanitarian services that are necessary to enable life-saving activities (e.g. air support, emergency telecommunications, logistics).

If not m

et, then


Life-savingMaybe,

depending on context

Not life-saving

Primary healthcare De-miningInfrastructure reconstruction

Therapeutic feedingLivestock

vaccinationsIM systems

Emergency watsan

General food distributions

Micro-credit

Shelter/NFI Surveillance systems Preparedness plans

ProtectionEmergency education

Psycho-social interventions

Vulnerability assessments

Priority ActivitiesPriority Activities


Why a CERF request and Why a CERF request and

a Flash Appeal?a Flash Appeal? Major emergencies require a strategic

plan, not a series of disconnected projects.

Most emergencies need more funding than CERF can provide.

Most also need humanitarian actions that are more holistic than those meeting CERF’s strict life-saving criteria.

NGOs cannot appeal for CERF, yet they are often the main response providers.


Country based fund managed by the Humanitarian Coordinator

Strategic core funding for the CAP & emergency reserve

Inclusive cluster-based allocation process

Access for UN and NGOs

DRC (2006), Sudan (2006), Central African Republic (2009), Somalia (2010)

More than 40 donors (UK, Netherlands, Swedent, Norway, Ireland, Spain)

Common Common Humanitarian Humanitarian

Response FundsResponse Funds


Country-based fund managed by the HumanitarianCoordinator

Small, rapid and flexible response to unforeseen needs

Access for UN and NGOs (mostly NGOs)

Largest Ethiopia, Haiti, and Somalia (became CHF), Iraq, OPT

In 2009, 56% of funds disbursed to 92 international NGOs, 18% to 70 national NGOs and 27% to UN agencies.

Emergency / Humanitarian Emergency / Humanitarian Response FundsResponse Funds


15 countries15 countries


Financial crisis: What will be the final impact of the financial crisis and the Haiti earthquake on overall humanitarian budgets in 2010?

Diversifying funding sources: How can “new” / non-traditional donors and the private sector become more engaged in established financing mechanisms?

How can pass-through funding, particularly CERF funds, be more effectively tracked?

How can humanitarian organizations engage with “development oriented” initiatives such as IATI and Publish What You Fund

Many more…

ON-GOING CHALLENGESON-GOING CHALLENGES

Documents

Common Humanitarian Strategy and Humanitarian Financing: Tools and Trends