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Folleto informativo de las drogas más comunes de abuso.
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Common Drugs of Abuse
A comprehensive guide to the most commonly abused drugsCommon Drugs of Abuse
1Table of ContentsAmphetaminesCocaineMarijuanaOpiatesPhencyclidineMDMABarbituratesBenzodiazepinesMethadoneMethqualonePropoxypheneGHBRohypnolKetamineLSDAnabolic Steroids
AmphetaminesUppersSpeedBlack BeautiesMethWhitesJelly BeansDexiesCrankWhite CrossBennyCrystalStreet Names
More than 70% of substance abusers hold jobs.-American Council for Drug EducationWhat to Look ForTablets of varying colors, possible chain smoking.
Physical SymptomsLong periods without rest or sleep, loss of appetite, anxiety, irritability, rapid speech, tremors, mood elevation.
Substances / Time DetectableMethamphetamineUrine: 1 to 3 daysHair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length)Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hoursAmphetamineUrine: 1 to 3 daysHair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length)Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hours
DangersDisorientation, severe depression, paranoia, possible hallucinations, increase in blood pressure, fatigue.
CocaineCokeNose CandyCrackSnowWhite CandyCFlakeFreebaseTootBlowRockStreet Names
What to Look ForGlassine envelopes, razors, small spoons, bitter white crystaline powder, granular rocks.
Physical SymptomsShort-lived euphoria changing to depression, irritability, nervousness, tightness of muscles.
Substances / Time DetectableBenzoylegonineUrine: 1 to 3 daysHair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length)Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hoursDangersShallow breathing, fever, anxiety, tremors, possible death from convulsions or respiratory arrest.MarijuanaDope
Pot
Reefer
Joint
Smoke
WeedStreet Names
Americans consume 60% of the worlds production of illegal drugs. In fact, 23 million individuals use marijuana at least 4 times a week and 6 million regularly use cocaine..-American Council for Drug EducationWhat to Look ForPlastic baggies, rolling paper, roach clips, odor of burnt rope.
Physical SymptomsAlterated perception, dialated pupils, lack of concentration and coordination, craving for sweets, increased appetite, laughter.
Substances / Time Detectable11-Nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acidUrine: occasional use, 1 to 3 daysUrine: habitual / chronic use, up to 90 daysHair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolOral Fluid: less than 24 hours
DangersPsychological dependence, increased heart rate, impaired short-term memory, anxiety, lung damage, possible pyschosis with chronic use.
OpiatesHeroin (Smack, Horse, Junk, China White)Morphine (M, Miss Emma)Codeine (School boy)Hydrocodone (Vicodin )Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)Oxycodone (Percocet, Percodan, Oxycontin)Oxymorphone (Mumorphan)
Street Names
What to Look ForGlassine envelopes, needles and syringes, caps or spoons, tourniquets, needle marks on arms
Physical SymptomsInsensitivity to pain, euphoria, sedation, nausea, vomiting, itchiness, watery eyes, running nose
Substances / Time DetectableCodeine, MorphineUrine: 1 to 3 daysHair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length)Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hoursHydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, , 6-MonoacetylmorphineUrine: 1 to 3 days (< 1 day for 6-monoacetylmorphine)Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hours (not applicable for oxycodone or oxymorphone)
DangersLethargy, weight loss, hepatits, slow and shallow breathing, possible death.
PhencyclidineAngel Dust
Devil Stick
PCP
Dummy Dust
Wack
Street Names
What to Look ForLiquid capsules, white or brown powder on paper stamps, sugar cubes, cigarettes, joints, injection paraphernalia.
Physical SymptomsIncreased pulse and heart rate, blood pressure and temperature, possible mood and perception alteration, paranoia, panic, anxiety, nausea, tremors, suicidal urge.
Substances / Time DetectablePhencyclidineUrine: occasional use, 1 to 5 daysUrine: habitul/chronic use, up to 30 daysHair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length)Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hours
DangersUnpredictable behavior, flashbacks, possible emotional instability and psychosis, hallucinations.
MDMAEcstasyAdamXTCXHug DrugBeansLove DrugLovers Speed
Street Names
What to Look ForWhite odorless crystalline powder, tablets in various colors and stamped with various patterns
Physical SymptomsEuphoria, empathetic and unusually warm toward people, touch and sight sense often heightened
Substances / Time Detectable3-4 Methylene dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3-4 Methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA)Urine: 1 to 3 daysHair: up to 90 days (depending on hair length)Oral Fluid: 24 to 36 hours
DangersTachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, mydriasis, diaphoresis, stimulant, entactogenic effects, visual hallucinations.
BenzodiazepinesDowners
TranqsStreet Names
What to Look ForPills and injection paraphernalia
Physical SymptomsSlurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol
Substances / Time Detectable
Some commonly used brand names are: Ativan (lorazepam), Dalmane (flurazepam), Diastat or Valium (diazepam), Doral (quazepam), Halcion (triazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam), Librium (chlordiazepoxide), Paxipam (halazepam), ProSom (estazolam), Restoril (temazepam), Serax (oxazepam), Tranxene-SD (clorazepate), Xanax (alprazolam) Urine: varies from 1 to 14 days (depending on specific benzodiazepine)
DangersShallow respiration, cold and clammy skin, dialated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, possible death
MethadoneDone
Dolophine
Methadose
DollsStreet Names
What to Look ForWhite crystalline powder, tablets, liquid (injectable)
Physical SymptomsEuphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea.
Substances / Time DetectableMethadone and MetaboliteUrine: 1 to 3 days
DangersSlow and/or shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death.
MethaqualoneLudes
Sopor
Lemon
Quaalude
MequinStreet Names
The percentage of the U.S. population using illegal drugs increased from 6.3% in 1999 and 2000 to 7.1% in 2001; this translates to 15.9 million Americans.-Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)What to Look ForTablets
Physical SymptomsSlow heart rate and breathing, lowered blood pressure, sleepiness, feelings of well-being, loss of coordination, laziness, impaired perception, confusion, later hangover
Substances / Time DetectableMethaqualoneUrine: 1 to 7 days
DangersAnxiety, insomnia
Street NamesPropoxypheneNone knownIn the workplace, substance abusers increase the risk of accidents, lower productivity, compromise product quality, increase the workload of others, raise costs and reduce profits.-American Council for Drug Education
What to Look ForTablets, capsules
Physical SymptomsDizziness, drowsiness, headache, euphoria, sysphoria, asthenia
Substances / Time DetectableNorpropoxypheneUrine: 1 to 3 days
DangersSkin rash and other allergic reactions occur occasionally and may be accompanied by drug fever and mucosal lesions, stupor or coma, convulsions, and respiratory depression.
G H BLiquid Ecstasy
Liquid X
Everclear
Soap
Easy Lay
Goops
Georgia Home BoyStreet Names
What to Look ForWhite, odorless powder, tablet or capsule
Physical SymptomsRelaxes or sedates the body and slows breathing and heart rate.
Substances / Time DetectableGamma hydroxybutyrateUrine: up to 72 hours
DangersBradycardia, respiratory depression, hallucinations, amnesia.
RohypnolRoophies
Roofies
Roach
Rope
Circles
Mexican ValiumStreet Names
What to Look ForOdorless, tasteless white tablet
Physical SymptomsSedative effects, including amnesia, muscle relaxation and the slowing of psychomotor performance
Substances / Time DetectableFlunitrazepam metabolite (7-Aminoflunitrazepam)Urine: 1 to 3 days
DangersRespiratory depression, hypotension, disorientation, dizziness, visual disturbances, anterrograde amnesia.KetamineSpecial KLady KayVitamin KJetKKeetsSuper CCat ValiumK - holeStreet Names
What to Look ForLiquid or white powder
Physical SymptomsIt is a dissocaitive drug that produces effects similar to PCP; large doses put users into a dreamlike, hallucinogenic state.
Substances / Time DetectableKetamine metabolite (Dehydronorketamine)Urine: 1 to 2 days
DangersTachycardia, hypertension, nystagmus, respiratory depression, visual hallucinations, cataleptic state.
L S D Acid
L
Blotter
Trips
Cid
Tabs
MicrodotsStreet Names
What to Look ForColorless, odorless tablets or capsules (microdots), liquid solution on gelatine (window panes), liquid solution diluted and impregnated on blotting paper (blotter)
Physical SymptomsMood altering effects, flashbacks, severe depression
Substances / Time DetectableLysergic acid diethylamideUrine: 8 hours
DangersTachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, mydriasis, lacrimation, visual hallucinations, synthesias ataxia, tremors.
Anabolic Steroids Testosterone and its synthetic analogs are listed as controlled substances
AndrostenediolsAndrostenediones and their 19-nor versionsDehydroepian-drosteroneDesigner anabolic steroidsStreet Names
What to Look ForOil-based injectable intramuscular (IM) solutions (ampules, vials, syringes, bottles), tablets or lozenges for oral administration, sprays, skin lotions.
Physical SymptomsYellow tint skin color, acne, gynecomastia (in males), weight gain, fluid accumulation, psychological disorders such as agressiveness.In females: marked masculinazation, deeper voice, male pattern hair growth.
Substances / Time DetectableMultiple metabolites, some parent steroids. Testosterone to epitesterone rario (T/E) for detection of endogenous steroid abuse.Urine: if drug taken orally, up to 3 weeks.Urine: if drug injected, 3 months to 1 year
DangersLiver dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, infertility, virilization (in females)
For further informationU.S. Department of Health and Human Services and SAMHSAs National Clearinghouse for Alcohol &Drug Information List of drugs: http://store.health.org/catalog/drugs.aspxNIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Main page: http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpagesMedical Review Officer Handbook, 8th edition, Theodore F. Schults, MS, JD, Quadrangle Research LLC, 2002