Committee D30 on Composite Materials

Current Work in Standard Test Methods Development

Carl Rousseau, D30 Chairman (LM Aero)

Adam Sawicki, D30 Vice-Chairman (Boeing)

Jen Rodgers, D30 Staff Mgr (ASTM)

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Outline

ASTM D30 Overview and Overall Objective

D30 Organization ASTM Process Description D30 Standards Summary New Standards – 2005 to 2009 Current Work Items Future Objectives Relationships

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ASTM International Fast Facts

Formed in 1898 World-Wide Development of Voluntary, Full-

Consensus Standards for Materials, Products, Systems & Services

12,000 Standards Developed by 138 Technical Committees are Administered, Published, and Distributed by ASTM International

Over 32,500 Members from 125 Countries Participate on ASTM Committees

ASTM Standards are Living Documents, Continually Revised to Meet Stakeholder Needs, Reflecting Current Technology

Each member – not a

company or country – gets

a vote

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Committee D30 on Composite Materials

“The Committee will develop standard test methods, practices, terminology, and guides; sponsor symposia; stimulate research; and exchange technical information pertaining to composite materials (primarily those with fibrous reinforcement), as well as to reinforcing fibers with a Young's modulus greater than 20 GPa (3 Msi).

This Committee will not develop standard specifications.”

Committee D30 formed in 1964 (with heritage tothe early ‘50s) out of Committee D20 on Plastics

Current (2009) D30 Scope

D30 Objective

A complete, effective, and coordinated suite of testing standards for composites

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D30 Committee Membership

OEMs Testing Laboratories Material Suppliers Component Fabricators Academic & Research Institutions Government and Certification Agencies

US Army, Air Force, Navy, NASA FAA, CAA NIST, non-US standards groups

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ASTM Technical Committee Organization

MAIN COMMITTEE

Subcommittee.01

Subcommittee.02

Subcommittee.03

Task Group1

Task Group2

Technical Committees form to address specific industry issues. They develop scopes to define their jurisdiction.

Subcommittees are established to address subsets of specialized subject matter under the scope of the Main Committee.

Subcommittees further organize their expertise into small Task Groups. This is the level at which documents are first developed and are subsequently revised.

The 138 Technical Committees, 2,000+ Subcommittees, & thousands more Task Groups produce 1,200 drafts, or revisions to drafts, annually.

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D30 Committee Organization

D30.01 Editorial and Resource Standards D30.02 Research and Mechanics

D30.02.03 Test Method Reconstruction D30.02.04 Interlaminar Fracture Analysis Benchmarking

D30.03 Constituent/Precursor Properties D30.04 Lamina and Laminate Test Methods D30.05 Structural Test Methods

D30.05.01 Civil and Marine D30.06 Interlaminar Properties D30.09 Sandwich Construction D30.90 Executive

D30.91 Planning D30.92 Awards D30.94 Technical Specialists

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ASTM International Balloting Process

TASKGROUP

SUBCOMMITTEE

MAIN COMMITTEE

COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS (COS)

1) Starting Point. Documents are drafted, and continually revised, in the Task Group by a few members who specialize in the subject matter. This is where the bulk of the activity occurs.

2) A completed draft is voted on by the Subcommittee. If approved, it moves to a Main Committee vote. If not, it returns to the Task Group for re-drafting.

3) After S/C approval the Main Committee votes. If approved it is presented to the Committee on Standards for final review. Otherwise it returns to the Task Group for re-work & balloting is repeated.

4) As a final check, a standing committee (COS) of the ASTM Board of Directors reviews the process by which each standard is developed or revised, to ensure compliance with ASTM regulations.

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D30 Standards Breakdown, 2009

Subcommittee Standards

No. Name Published Draft

D30.01 Resource Standards 6 0

D30.02 Research and Mechanics NA NA

D30.03 Constituent/Precursor Properties 8 0

D30.04 Lamina/Laminate Test Methods 20 3

D30.05 Structural Test Methods 13 6

D30.06 Interlaminar Properties 5 1

D30.09 Sandwich Construction 20 4

Total 72 13

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2009 D30 Standards Summary(with most pre-existing standards updated)

Constituent Lamina(te) Structure Other

TensionCompressionShearUnnotched FatigueShort-Beam StrengthFlexure ResponseFiber VolumeMode I FractureMixed-Mode FractureMode I Fracture FatiguePly ThicknessMoisture AbsorptionGlass Transition(and more)

Open-Hole TensionOpen-Hole CompressionFilled-Hole TensionFilled-Hole CompressionBearingBearing-Bypass InteractionBearing FatigueDamage Impact ResistanceResidual Strength After DamageSandwich Beam FlexureSandwich Panel FlexureSandwich Flexure/CreepFastener Pull-Through(and more)

Fiber TensionFiber DensityTow Density Fiber ContentResin ContentVolatiles ContentFiber Areal WeightCore DensityCore ThicknessCore ShearCore CompressionCore Shear FatigueCore Water Absorption(and more)

TerminologyFabrication PracticeOrientation CodeGeneral Test GuideTextile Test GuideDatabase Records

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D4762 –Gateway to D30 Standards

Standard Guide to Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

– The major 2004 revision now briefly summarizes the scope, advantages, and disadvantages of related D30 standards, as well as other commonly referenced related standards of other ASTM committees.

– An aid in education and selection of appropriate standards for use with advanced composite materials

– 2008 update has been published, includes information on standards published 2004-07

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2005-09: New D30 Standards

D 7078/D 7078M: Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Rail Shear Method

D 7136/D 7136M: Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event

D 7137/D 7137M: Test Method for Compression Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates

D 7205/D7205M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite BarsD 7248/D7248M: Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite

Laminates Using 2-Fastener SpecimensD 7249/D7249M: Test Method for Facing Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam FlexureD 7250/D7250M: Practice for Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural and Shear StiffnessD 7264/D7264M: Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite MaterialsD 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil

Engineering Structural ApplicationsD 7291/D7291M: Test Method for Through-Thickness "Flatwise" Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite MaterialD 7332/D7332M: Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced

Polymer Matrix CompositeD 7336/D7336M: Test Method for Static Energy Absorption Properties of Honeycomb Sandwich Core

MaterialsD 7337/D7337M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars

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2005-09: New D30 Standards (cont)

D 7028: Test Method for Glass Transition Temperature (DMA Tg) of Polymer Matrix Composites by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)

D 7522/D 7522M: Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate

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Recent Efforts: Updates

C271/C271M: Core DensityC272: Sandwich Water AbsorptionC273/C273M: Sandwich ShearC274: Sandwich TerminologyC297/C297M: Sandwich Flatwise Tension StrengthC363/C363M: Honeycomb Core Node Tensile StrengthC364/C364M: Sandwich Edgewise Compression StrengthC365/C365M: Core Compressive PropertiesC366/C366M: Core Thickness MeasurementC393/C393M: Sandwich Core Properties by Long Beam FlexureC394: Sandwich Shear FatigueC480: Sandwich Flexural CreepC481: Sandwich Laboratory AgingD6416/D6416M: Sandwich 2D Plate Flexure PropertiesD6772: Core Dimensional StabilityD6790: Core Poisson’s RatioD7249/D7249M: Sandwich Facing Properties by Long Beam FlexureD7250/D7250M: Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural & Shear StiffnessD7336/D7336M: Honeycomb Core Static Energy AbsorptionF1645/F1645M: Honeycomb Core Water Migration

9 D30.09 standards updated to

standard D30 format to improve

consistency.

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Recent Efforts: Sandwich Long Beam Flexure Standards

In 2006, C393-00 was replaced with 3 standards:C393: core shear stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method)

– 3-point loading configuration is standard; alternative configurations retained for historical continuity.

– Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote core shear failure.

D7249: facing stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method)– 4-point loading configuration is standard.– Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote facing failure.

D7250: determining sandwich beam flexural and shear stiffness (practice)– Data reduction and calculations for flexural and shear stiffness determination

using C393 and D7249.

C393 D7249

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Recent Efforts: Civil Infrastructure Standards

D30.05 subcommittee working with ACI Committee 440 to publish civil infrastructure composite test methods.– TG consists of about 20 D30 and ACI subject matter experts.– Key contacts are Drs. Abdul Zureick and Russell Gentry (Georgia Tech).– D30 met jointly with ACI in March 2009 (San Antonio, TX).

17 ACI 440 documents being transitioned into ASTM documents. Four ACI standards are currently published as ASTM standards:

– D 7205/D7205M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars

– D 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering Structural Applications

– D 7337/D7337M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars

– D 7522/D 7522M: Pull-Off Strength for FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate Another ACI standard is in D30 committee ballot:

– WK17184: Tensile Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites used for Strengthening of Civil Structures

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Recent Efforts: New DMA Tg Standard

D 7028 for glass transition temperature by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was published in 2007.– Based upon process improvements derived from a round-robin study.– Significant efforts by Mike Stuart (Cytec) and Joy Wu (Hexcel).

Key process improvements:– Guidance on equipment calibration.– Methods for characterizing and interpreting DMA thermograms.

A research report from the round-robin testing is in preparation.

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Current Standards Initiatives

• Draft standard test methods are currently in-work for a number of other items, including:– Open-hole fatigue testing– Additional testing modes for interlaminar fracture– Sandwich cleavage fracture toughness– Non-ambient environmental testing– Sandwich panel impact resistance– Sandwich panel residual strength

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Possible New Standards

Other technical areas for possible D30 standards development include:– HPLC and FTIR– Large-scale CAI– Creep– Stress-rupture– Notched laminate testing guide– FEM-based VCCT benchmarking

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BENCHMARK PROBLEM: DCB SPECIMEN

• 2D plane strain and plane stress analysis

• Full 3D solid analysis

• DCB benchmark

• Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT)

UD24: [0]24 T300/914C

2h=3.0 mm2L=150.0 mmB=25.0 mma=30.5 mm

GI 1

2abFyi

v l v l *

GII 1

2abFxi

u l u l *

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MANUALLY CREATING A BENCHMARK SOLUTION FOR A DCB SPECIMEN*

G P2

2CPA

GTGc

P2

Pcrit2

Pcrit PGcGT

, crit GcGT

• Mathematical relationship between load and energy release rate

• Load/displacement plots for different delamination lengths a (/2=1.0 mm)

• Benchmark case

* R. Krueger, NASA/TM-2008-215123, 2008.

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 a=30mma=31mma=32mma=33mma=34mma=35mma=40mm

load P, N

applied opening displacement /2, mm

G= 0.30 kJ/m2

/2=1.0

G= 0.27 kJ/m2

G= 0.24 kJ/m2

G= 0.22 kJ/m2

G= 0.19 kJ/m2

G= 0.17 kJ/m2

G= 0.11 kJ/m2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 a=30 mma=31 mma=32 mma=33 mma=34 mma=35 mma=40 mmbenchmark

load P, N

applied opening displacement /2, mm

G= GIc =

0.17 kJ/m2

crit

/2=0.75

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80benchmarkABAQUS

load P, N

applied opening displacement /2, mm

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Future D30 Objectives

• Add more quantitative precision statements based on accurate and effective round-robin test programs

• Improve balance between a concise lab procedure and detailed explanatory guidance or requirements

• Increase exposure and acceptance in non-aerospace and international markets

• Expand into non-aerospace statistical assurance of measured properties

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Current and Future Relationships

Cooperation with CMH-17 (MIL-HDBK-17) on consensus test methods and testing guidance

Cooperation with SAE Committee P-17 on test methods for consensus standard composite material specifications

Cooperation with ACI Committee 440 on civil infrastructure standards

Standards supporting marine product development

Collaboration and joint meetings/conferences with CMH-17, ASC,and SAMPE

Future interaction with independent test lab certification organizations, such as PRI/NADCAP

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D30 Committee Contacts

D30 Officers (2008-2009)Chairman, Carl Rousseau (LM Aero)Vice-Chair, Adam Sawicki (Boeing IDS)Recording Secretary, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter)Membership Secretary, James Ratcliffe (NASA)Past Chairman, Rich Fields (LM M&FC)Past Chairman, Gene Camponeschi (US Navy)

D30 Members-At-LargeBill Bertelsen (Gougeon Brothers)Paul Lagace (MIT)Jian Li (Boeing IDS)Steve Ward (Consultant)

D30 Subcommittee Chairs.01, Editorial/Resource, Paul Lagace (MIT).02, Research & Mechanics, Ron Kreuger (NIA).03, Constituent/Precursor, Bill Grant (Specialty Materials).04, Lamina/Laminate, Mark Kistner (USAF).05, Structural, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter).06, Interlaminar, James Ratcliffe (NIA).09, Sandwich, Steve Ward (consultant)

ASTM StaffJen Rodgers, D30 Staff MgrBarbara Lake, D30 Admin AsstKaren Wilson, D30 SecretaryJessica Rosiak, D30 Editor

ASTM InternationalCommittee D30 on Composite Materials

www.astm.org

www.astm.org/COMMIT/D30.htm