Commercial Deployment of Adaptive Antennas - NSMA · Commercial Deployment of Adaptive Antennas ... • Uplink Interference Rejection • Downlink Combining Gain ... • GSM/GPRS/EDGE

ArrayComm Confidential

Commercial Deployment of Adaptive Antennas

Commercial Deployment of Adaptive Antennas

Spectrum Management 2003May 20-21, 2003

Presented byJoanne Wilson

ArrayComm, Inc

ArrayComm Confidential2

OutlineOutline

• Overview of Adaptive Antenna (AA) technology• Benefits of AA for addressing coexistence issues • Application of AA to existing wireless systems

• PHS• WLL• CDMA• GSM

• Use of AA for Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (i-BURST)

• i-Burst Trials and commercial deployments• US• Korea• Australia

• Conclusion


Spectral Efficiency BottleneckSpectral Efficiency Bottleneck

• Today’s principal spectral in-efficiency• omnidirectional radiation and reception

• Why?• tiny fraction of power used for communication• the rest: interference for co-channel users


• Resulting in• Improved coverage and building penetration• Simplified installation• Increased user data rates• Greater capacity, reduced spectrum requirements

Adaptive Antenna FundamentalsAdaptive Antenna Fundamentals

• Combines signal processing hardware and software at base stations• Optimizes transmission and reception (“Personal Cell”)


Adaptive Antenna FundamentalsAdaptive Antenna Fundamentals

• Systems comprising• multiple antenna elements (antenna arrays)• spatial & temporal processing• algorithms that vary the way in which those elements are

used as a function of operational scenario

• Providing• gain and interference mitigation• improved signal quality and spectral efficiency


Adaptive Antenna ConceptAdaptive Antenna Concept

as1(t)+bs2(t) as1(t)-bs2(t)

+1+1 +1

-1

User 1,s1(t)ejωt

2as1(t) 2bs2(t)

User 2,s2(t)ejωt

• Users’ signals arrive with different relative phases and amplitudes at array

• Processing provides gain and interference mitigation


Enhancing Signal QualityEnhancing Signal Quality

NoiseFloor

ActiveInterferenceMitigation

PassiveInterferenceMitigation

Original SignalOriginal Signal

OriginalSignal Level

OriginalInterferenceLevel

IntelliCellIntelliCell EnhancedEnhancedEnhancedSignal Level

(dB)(dB)


Enhancing Signal QualityEnhancing Signal Quality

• Uplink Processing Gain

• Uplink Interference Rejection

• Downlink Combining Gain

• Downlink Interference Suppression

• Diversity Gain


Adaptive Antennas Operational BenefitsAdaptive Antennas Operational Benefits

• Increased Capacity & Range• Increased Data Rates• Higher QoS• Self Organizing Systems• Enables Tighter Frequency Reuse• Increased Power Efficiency• Reduced System Wide Noise and Interference

Directly Reduce Costs and Increase Revenues


Power EfficiencyPower Efficiency

ConventionalConventional1W

1W

1W

1W

1W

1W

1W

1W

1W

1W IntelliCellIntelliCell®®100 W

Same Theoretical Same Theoretical Received PowerReceived Power

Ten 1 Watt Ten 1 Watt TransmittersTransmitters

One 100 Watt transmitter has higher power consumption

than IntelliCell


Spatial Channels: Supporting 2 Users on the Spatial Channels: Supporting 2 Users on the Same Channel in the Same CellSame Channel in the Same Cell


OutlineOutline

• Overview of Adaptive Antenna (AA) technology• Benefits of AA for addressing coexistence issues• Application of AA to existing wireless systems




• Conclusion


Side Benefits of AASide Benefits of AA

• AA are mainly used to improve system capacity and coverage

• There are, however, side benefits for coexistence issues due to:

• Energy focused in areas that wanted users are• Energy nulled in directions that unwanted users are• Users move, so does the orientation of the main beam,

thus interference to other systems happens only a fraction of the time

BS with AA Adjacent System(omni or sectored)


AA Effects on CoexistenceAA Effects on Coexistence

• Standard bodies addressing coexistence have taken AA effects into account

• IEEE 802.16a, Standard for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access systems between 2-11 GHz

• Produced 802.16.2a, Recommended Practice for Coexistence of Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems between 2-11 GHz

• ITU-R Working Party 8F, IMT-2000 Systems and Beyond• Producing a report on interference mitigating techniques to

address the coexistence of IMT-2000 TDD and FDD systems in adjacent bands and same geographical areas in the frequency band 2500-2690 MHz.


802.16.2a802.16.2a

• Simulations and analyses show that the safe coexistence distance between a point-to-multipoint CPE transmitter and a co-channel victim base station could be reduced by almost 75% if victim is using AA

D

ServiceBoundary

Victim

Interferer

R

D’

AABeam

β

φ

α


ITU-R WP8FITU-R WP8F

• Simulations and analyses show that IMT-2000 TDD and FDD systems in adjacent bands can operate very close to each other in the same area with no or little guardbands if the TDD system uses AA

~75 m

-114

~150 m

~75 m

-114


OutlineOutline





• Conclusion


Real World Performance ImprovementsReal World Performance Improvements

• Performance based upon• Commercial experience from over 130,000 systems • Extensive field trials in live carrier networks• Technology validation with OEMs

• Exhaustive spatial propagation database• Terabytes of data collected in real world propagation

environments• Simultaneous measurements of uplink and downlink channel

characteristics across 80 MHz and 190 MHz FDD split• Great flexibility in array size, geometry, air interface, user

morphology


PHS - A highly used Wireless Internet Access System

PHS - A highly used Wireless Internet Access System

• PHS- Deployed in Japan in 1990’s

• 14 Million Subs

• Deployed outside Japan in late 1990’s

• Micro cell 1km range

• Has offered solid 64kbps data service for several years, Moving to 128kbps

• Significant % of network traffic is data

• In Taiwan, wireless data, thriving in Taipei market that has 80% GSM penetration

• Enabling technology is Smart Antennas.


ArrayComm and PHSArrayComm and PHS

• Developed prototype hardware andcommercial software for BTSmodem

• Conducted extensive live networktrials to validate capacityimprovements

• Implemented software successiveupgrades to improve networkperformance

• Over 150 K IntelliCell base stationsin commercial service today

IntelliCell Base Station


IntelliCell PHS Capacity ImprovementIntelliCell PHS Capacity Improvement

PHS base station w/o smart antenna

G2: Kyocera smartantenna base station

G3: IntelliCell adaptivesmart antenna base station

G3SC: Software upgrade to DDI’s network

0123456789

PHSBaseline

G2 G3 G3SCRel

ativ

e C

apac

ity In

crea

se


Wireless Local Loop (WLL)Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

• Prototype hardware (reference design) for BTS and Terminals

• Commercial software for BTS, Terminals, OMC, Network Interface

• First commercial system in the world to support a frequency reuse of less than 1


WLLWLL

• Licensed to Kyocera in 1997

• Limited sales in Middle East and Asia through 2001

• May 2002 - major sale to TOT, Thailand – > 200 Base Stations and 200,000 subscribers


UMTS (3G) – WCDMA UMTS (3G) – WCDMA

• Licensed to Marconi in 2001

• Development of First Phase completed in 4Q02

• Large-scale FDD spatial-propagation measurement study demonstrating up to 6X capacity and 3X coverage

• Extensive 3GPP based link and network level simulations demonstrate similar improvements

• Fully adaptive phase to be started in 2003


IntelliCell Downlink Performance ImprovementsIntelliCell Downlink Performance Improvementsfor WCDMAfor WCDMA

3.2x3.2x1.9x1.9x3 sector, 8 antenna per sector3 sector, 8 antenna per sector2.2x2.2x1.7x1.7x3 sector, 4 antenna per sector3 sector, 4 antenna per sector

Cell AreaCell Area7.4x7.4x3.1x3.1x3 sector, 8 antenna per sector3 sector, 8 antenna per sector3.7x3.7x2.7x2.7x3 sector, 4 antenna per sector3 sector, 4 antenna per sector

1.0x1.0x1.0x1.0xBaseline: 3 sector, 1 Tx antenna Baseline: 3 sector, 1 Tx antenna per sector, non IntelliCellper sector, non IntelliCell

CapacityCapacity

Sub Sub UrbanUrban

Dense Dense UrbanUrban


Example Initial Deployment Example Initial Deployment ––WCDMA in a Typical Metro AreaWCDMA in a Typical Metro Area

Coverage Area 5000 sq. km.- Dense Urban: 700 sq. km.- Suburban: 4300 sq. km.

Voice Subscribers (Initial): 200KData Subscribers (Initial): 140KPeak Hour Voice Traffic/Sub. 50mEPeak Hour Data Usage/Sub 800 k BytesTraffic Profile

- Dense Urban: 40%- Suburban: 60%

Baseline (w/o IntelliCell): 3 sector, 2Rx/1TxIntelliCell 3 sector, 4Tx/4RxSpectrum Allocation 15 MHz + 15 MHz


Example Initial Deployment Example Initial Deployment ––WCDMA in a Typical Metro AreaWCDMA in a Typical Metro Area

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Cell Sites CapEx

Baseline IntelliCell

50% reduction in number of sites25% reduction in CapEx50% reduction in time to deploy


GSMGSM

• GSM (DCS-1800, PCS-1900) technology validation (prototypes)

• Large-scale FDD spatial-propagation measurement study

• GSM/GPRS/EDGE BTS development program currently in process with AirNet Communications; ArrayComm contributing systems expertise and adaptive antenna software

• Demonstrated 30 dB uplink interference rejection, 5 dB gain in delivered power, and 17 dB less interference


GSMGSM• Licensed to AirNet in 2000

• Demo for Major GSM Carriers in August 2002

AIRNET ANNOUNCES SUCCESSFUL

COMPLETION OF ADAPTIVE ARRAY

FIELD TRIAL -SuperCapacity

AdaptaCell Base Station Is Revolutionary and

Unparalleled in Performance

For Immediate ReleaseAugust 20, 2002

“In addition, this technology is far more cost-effective than any other solution previously adopted because it reduces by up to six times the number of cell sites needed for high speed data applications. We have now successfully demonstrated to the world a solution that many thought could not be accomplished.” Glenn Ehley CEO


ComparisonComparison

• Adaptive Antennas can always help.

• To maximize benefits, adaptive antennas must be integratedin protocol design

Application Capacity Increase

WLL, TDD 20xhooks

PHS, TDD 5-9xno hooks

High Mobility 2.5, 3G 2-6x


OutlineOutline





• Conclusion


i-BURST Mobile Broadband Internet Accessi-BURST Mobile Broadband Internet Access

Internet

• High speed -- 1Mbps per user

• Mobile or fixed use• Fixed: Alternative to DSL or

Cable in the home or small business

• Mobile: Untethered, freedom to move

• Always on -- fast and easy access

• Standard IP-enabled devices and applications


i-BURST – A New Consumer & Business Lifestyle

i-BURST – A New Consumer & Business Lifestyle

• Enable a new consumer and business lifestyle by extending the Internet through an open platform that delivers always-on connectivity, freedom to move and broadband content.


SatelliteSatellite

BluetoothBluetooth

LMDSLMDS

2.5G2.5G

RicochetRicochet

2G2G

W-LANW-LAN

i-BURSTi-BURST

3G3G

Bro

adba

ndN

arro

wba

nd

Fixed Local Area Wide Area

Typi

cal U

ser D

ata

Rat

e

i-BURST Positioningi-BURST Positioning


Spectral EfficiencySpectral Efficiency

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0

PHS

IS-9

5

Cdm

a200

0

GSM

IS-9

5 H

DR

Inte

lliC

ell

PHS

Inte

lliC

ell

GSM

Inte

lliC

ell

WC

DM

AIn

telli

Cel

lW

LL

i-Bur

st

(Bits

/ Se

cond

/ H

z)(B

its /

Seco

nd /

Hz)

Non-Smart Antenna Systems

Commercial IntelliCell Systems

Future IntelliCell Systems


40 Simultaneous 1 Mbps Users

3G i-BURST

3G

10 MHzi-BURST

10 MHz

7 Simultaneous 144 kbps Users

i-BURST vs. 3Gi-BURST vs. 3G


How does i-BURST increase spectral efficiency?

How does i-BURST increase spectral efficiency?

• Adaptive antenna array technology: place RF energy where it needs to be

• Spatial channels: several users simultaneously use the same RF resource within the same cell

• Intra-cell frequency reuse: reuse < 1

• TDD technology: with uplink and downlink transmission in the same band

• spatial processing algorithms are more effective as they take advantage of channel reciprocity


i-BURST delivers performance to many simultaneous users

i-BURST delivers performance to many simultaneous users

Source: ArrayComm analysis, QUALCOMMNumber of Subscribers per Cell

Dat

a R

ate

per U

ser (

Mbp

s)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Per-user data rate trends based on total number of subscribers

i-BURST

1xEv-DO

3G

GPRS

Assumes 30X oversubscription, 10MHz total spectrum


Some ComparisonsSome Comparisons

40

System Spectral Efficiency

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

IS-9

5 A

IS-9

5B

IS-9

5C

Cdm

a200

0

IS-9

5 H

DR

GSM

GSM

HSC

SD PHS

Inte

lliCel

l®W

LL

i-Bur

st

Spec

tral

Effi

cien

cy in

bits

/sec

/Hz/

cell

250

19 18 12 1

GPRS CDMA2000WCDMA 1xEV-DO i-BURST

Network EfficiencyNumber of cells to deliver the

same information density, Mbps per KM2

0.16 2.1 2.2 3.4

GPRS CDMA2000 WCDMA 1xEV-DO i-BURST

Cell CapacityThroughput in 10 MHz (Mbps)


OutlineOutline





• Conclusion


TDD spectrum is available worldwideTDD spectrum is available worldwide

All have auctioned 1.9 GHz 3G TDD to multiple operators

Currently lying fallow; early deployments of MBWA solutions may influence standards policy

Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK

Europe

PHS reserve spectrumChina, Japan, Taiwan

Spectrum owned by ArrayComm-led consortium

Australia

2.3 GHz decision due this summerKoreaAsia

Fixed wireless deployments in WCS and2.5 GHz could be replaced;1.9 GHz 3G TDD a possibility in European model

Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico

1670 MHz at auction, 700 MHz, WCS and MMDS are possibilities

United StatesAmericas

Spectrum StatusCountriesRegion


KoreaKorea

• Jan. 2002, Hanaro telecom, Inc. 　　

• Korea Seoul city south area JW Marriott hotel and this area

• Contents of the demonstration

• i-BURST operation in the meeting room • 1Mbps Download demonstration with FTP • transmission and Video streaming

• Driving test• i-BURST operation in a BUS running 30-40km/h• Comparison between cdma2000-1x, Wireless

LAN, and i-BURST• Video streaming• FTP


KoreaKorea

ii--BURSTBURST BSBSFor Outside demoFor Outside demo

ServerServer

ii--BURST BURST BSBSFor Inside demoFor Inside demo

300kbpsVideo streamingMusic video clip

500kbpsVideo download＆displayMovie

FTP transmission


Australia initiative demonstrating successAustralia initiative demonstrating success

• Coalition engaged

• Pre-commercial trials in progress in Sydney, yielding positive feedback

• Live with customers at end of year

Retail

Wholesale

Integ’n, Infra.

Equipment

Tech, $


HistoryHistory

• Spectrum purchase• April 2001 auction, 1905-1910• October 2002 license commences.

• Personal Broadband Australia• Formerly CKW Wireless

• Consortium formed• 2Q2002• Vodafone, OzEmail, TCI, Crown & Castle, Commworks,


The PlanThe Plan

• 2 Base stations, 3-10 User terminals Now

• Clone our Alpha/Demo system

• November 15th kick-off demonstration in Oz

• 2 More BS, 15 more UT in December

• “Friendly Users” trial as soon as practical

• More features to Oz 2003

• Commercial BS in 2003


Consortium Consortium

• Market profile and credibility

• Network infrastructure

• Distribution, Branding and Customer Service

• Network construction and project management

• Access to existing customer base

• Ready, “plug & play”, network deployment

• A$5 million contribution to Phase I


Consortium ParticipantsConsortium Participants

NOC



OutlineOutline





• Conclusion


ConclusionConclusion

• AAs greatly enhance spectrally efficiency, increase system capacity, range and supportable data rates

• Additionally, by reducing unwanted emissions, AAsimprove the ability of adjacent band systems to coexist in the same geographic area

• AAs are commercially proven with >130, 000 deployed base stations in PHS and WLL networks

• AAs are being integrated into new 2.5 and 3G base stations to improve their capacity and coverage

• AAs are an enabling technology for future mobile broadband wireless access systems, with trials and commercial deployments currently underway.


End of PresentationEnd of Presentation


BackupBackup


Air Interface Carrier BW Peak User Data Average Carrier Efficiency CommentsRate (kbps) Throughput (kbps) b/s/Hz/cell

Without Smart Antennas

IS95A 1.25 MHz 14.4 100 0.08 Source: Viterbi

IS95B 1.25 MHz 115 125 0.1 Source: Viterbi

IS95C 1.25 MHz 144 200 0.16 Source: Viterbi

cdma2000 5 MHz 384 800-1000 0.16-0.20 Source: Viterbi

95HDR Forward 1.25 MHz 2456 600 0.48 Source: Viterbi

“No fundamental change

over standard CDMA to

achieve this number”

GSM 200 kHz 13.3 15.2 (13.3*8/7) 0.08 reuse = 7

GSM(HSCSD) 200 kHz 57.6 15.20.08 ”

PHS 300 kHz 32 12.80.04 effective reuse = 20

With IntelliCell™

PHS 300 kHz 32 32 (32*8/4) 0.21 effective reuse = 4

ArrayComm WL 300 kHz 128 640 (128*2*2.5) 2.1 reuse = 1/2.5

i-BURST 625 kHz 1153 2500 4 reuse = 1/2

Comparative Spectral EfficienciesComparative Spectral Efficiencies


“Other” Smart Antennas“Other” Smart Antennas


PowerComparator

Demodulator

Antennas

Selection DiversitySelection Diversity


PowerComparator

Demodulator

Antenna Elements

StaticCombiningNetwork #1

StaticCombiningNetwork #K

Switched Beam SystemSwitched Beam System


Switched Beam Smart AntennasSwitched Beam Smart Antennas


Cell Sector SculptingCell Sector Sculpting


Fully Adaptive Smart AntennasFully Adaptive Smart Antennas


Fully Adaptive Smart AntennasFully Adaptive Smart Antennas

Documents

Commercial Deployment of Adaptive Antennas - NSMA · Commercial Deployment of Adaptive Antennas ... • Uplink Interference Rejection • Downlink Combining Gain ... • GSM/GPRS/EDGE