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11/21/2008 제9회기상레이더워크숍
Combining Satellite High‐Frequency Microwave d f l d dRadiometer & Surface Cloud Radar Data
for Determination of Large ‐Scale 3‐D Cloud IWC
서은경
공주대학교 지구과학교육과
Objective: To retrieve large‐scale 3‐D cloud IWC by combiningdata from NOAA satellite Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B TBs and gground‐based cloud radar
OutlineOutline
Motivation
Objectives and Approach
How to construct a supporting database from radar for satellite retrieval?
Importance of database: manifolds problem
How to make a consistent framework btw Radar and Satellite?
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent framework‐ Ice particle Design‐ Radar Reflectivity – IWC RelationRadar Reflectivity IWC Relation‐ Construction of vertical Ice Clouds ‐ TB‐IWP Relations at AMSU‐B channels TB IWP R l ti TB EOF d i‐ TB‐IWP Relations on TB EOF domain
Comparison of MMCR and AMSU‐B IWC profiles
ConclusionsConclusions
MotivationMotivation
Single Column Models (supported by the )Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) are used
to test physical parameterizations. As forcing terms, SCMs need advection tendency of ycondensates besides advections of T, q, …
Point measurements of cloud water alone are not sufficient to derive these advection terms
MMCR
Satellite data provide areal coverage of water condensates can potentially be used to
MMCR
co de sa es ca po e a y be used oderive these terms (together with other data)
Objectives and Approach
ObjectivesB bi i f d d t llit d t
j pp
By combining surface radar and satellite data,‐ Ice water path over a large area‐ Vertical ice water content distribution over a large area3 D ice ater content distribution ‐ 3‐D ice water content distribution can be utilized to calculate ice water advection terms for single column model inputs
Approach ‐ Surface radar (MMCR) provides detailed, high‐quality characteristicsof vertical ice water content distributionof vertical ice water content distribution‐ Satellite (NOAA AMSU‐B) provides broad horizontal coverage‐ Use surface radar data to generate database for satellite retrievals,and then use satellite data to broaden the area coverageand then use satellite data to broaden the area coverage
From point‐measurement to area measurement in a consistent frameworkf
How to construct a supporting databasepp gfor satellite retrieval?
observationSupporting Database
Model Simulations?
NOAA AMSU‐B
TBCloud
Observations?Linkage btw TB ‐ Ice
No ice IceIce Consistency check
Retrieval AlgorithmRetrieval
ybtw
TB and TB ?
To overcome the lack of in situ observations of IWC profiles, we take the advantage of surface radar observations
Importance of database: manifolds problemp f f p
i l i
Ch 1
TB observations
Ch 1
TB simulations
Ch 5 Ch 5
Ch 2 Ch 2
Representativeness?
Ch 3 Ch 4 Ch 3 Ch 4
How to make a consistent framework bt R d d S t llit ? ( )btw Radar and Satellite? (1)
Both instruments
share the same microphysical and radiative properties.are looking at the same clouds.
* * * ** * * *
* * ** * *
* * * ** * ** * *
* * ** * * *
* ** * ** * *
Radar – MMCRAt the SGP site35 GHz (8.6 mm)
Satellite – AMSU‐B89, 150, 183.3±1, 183.3±3, 183.3±7 GHz
* * *
* * *
* * ** * * ** * * ** * *
* * * ** * * *
* * * ** * * ** * *
35 ( )Zenith‐pointing (90 m)Reflectivity & Doppler Data from surface
16 km resolution at nadir, ~2000 km swath width, cross scan
Data from surface to 20 km ALT
Continuous observationin time (9 second)
Twice daily coverage per satellite (currently 3 NOAA satellites + SSMIS)
in time (9 second)
How to make a consistent framework b R d d S lli ? btw Radar and Satellite? (2)
Fi d MMCR reflectivity profile
Find Z‐IWC relation
y p
ice microphysics
single scattering IWC profile
MMCR Radar reflectivity
Radiative transfer model
DatabaseTB IWC TB – IWC profile relation
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent frameworkI i l Ice particle types
Including various Ice Particle Shapes instead of solid ice particle (Liu 2004)(Liu 2004)
‐ A sector‐ and a dendrite‐typefor snowflakes
‐ rosettes with 3 to 6 hexagonal columns
H fi ld t l ( ) Hyemsfield et al. (2002)
100 μm: bullet rosettes and aggregates
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent frameworkP ti l i di t ib ti & d itParticle size distribution & density
Particle Size Distributions
‐ based on in situ measurements f i ll d
density
of synoptically generated midlatitude ice clouds (Heymsfield et al. 2003a,b)
‐ a gamma distribution of order μ, slope λμ, p
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent frameworkSl f th ti l i di t ib tiSlope of the particle size distribution
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent frameworkB k tt i tiBackscattering cross section
At 35 GHz (MMCR frequency)To calculate backscattering
cross section for the defined h i l i ti l nonspherical ice particles,
the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) model is Approximation (DDA) model is used (Liu 2004).
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent framework
R d R fl ti it IWC l tiRadar Reflectivity ‐ IWC relation
From the backscattering cross section (s)
100 Frame B
From the backscattering cross section (s), the radar reflectivity can obtained from
and .
g m
-3)
100
10-1By using the DDA model for the six types of
cloud ice particle shapes, the Z‐IWC relation
IWC
(g
m
10-2type-A snowflakestype-B snowflakes3-bulltet rosettes4-bullet rosettes
Frame Ap p ,
is derived as:79.0Z078.0IWC =
10-3
10-4
4-bullet rosettes5-bullet rosettes6-bullet rosettesmean for the six ice typesLiu and Illingworth [2000]Mace et al. [2002]
where IWC is in g m‐3 and Z in mm6 m‐3.
Frame A: this study’s Z‐IWC relations
Z (dBZ)
Figure. The relationships between Z and IWC.
-30 -20 -10 0 10 2010-4
DDA calculationsFrame B: Liu & Illingworth(2000) Z‐IWC
Lorenz‐Mie calculations
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent frameworkC i f i l i l dConstruction of vertical ice clouds
To overcome the lack of in situ 1214
) 1214
)
(a) mean radar reflectivity (b) standard deviation
observations of vertical IWC structure, we take the advantage of surface radar observations. -30 -28 -26 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16
dBZe
2468
1012
heig
ht(k
m)
0 5 10 15 20dBZe
2468
1012
heig
ht(k
m)
Based on the major EOFs of MMCR radar reflectivity profiles,
dBZe dBZe
8101214
eigh
t(km
)
8101214
eigh
t(km
)
(c) the first EOF (d) the second EOF
synthetic radar reflectivity profiles are constructed into IWC profiles.
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6eigenvalues: 49% 56%
246he
ig
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6eigenvalues: 22% 35%
246he
ig
(e) the third EOF (f) the fourth EOF
These IWC profiles serve as the inputs to a radiative transfer
d l h li k TB d IWC 2468
101214
heig
ht(k
m)
2468
101214
heig
ht(k
m)
model that links TBs and IWC profiles.
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6eigenvalues: 11% 8%
2-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
eigenvalues: 5% 1%
2
Figure. (a) Mean, (b) standard deviation, (c-f) major EOF profiles for the observed MMCR profiles (solid lines) and the generated radar reflectivity
MMCR radar reflectivity synthetic radar reflectivity
observed MMCR profiles (solid lines) and the generated radar reflectivity profiles (dotted lines). The first and second numbers in the bottom of (c-f)denote the eigenvalues for the observed and generated radar reflectivity profiles.
From point‐ to area‐measurement in a consistent frameworkT IWP R l i TB EOF d iTB‐IWP Relations on TB EOF domain
Figure. Large circles denote AMSU‐B‐TB's at the ARM SGP site. Small circles and crosses represent AMSU‐B‐TB's, whose departure from clear‐sky background brightness represent AMSU B TB s, whose departure from clear sky background brightness temperatures at 89 GHz are between 25 K and 50 K and greater than 50 K, respectively, over a 10 deg x 10 deg box centered at the SGP site during March 2003.
Comparison of MMCR and AMSU‐B IWC profilesp f p f
Satellite retrievals MMCR retrievals
ConclusionsConclusions
A framework to retrieve ice water path over a broad area is presented b b b f f l d d d llby combining observations of a surface cloud radar and satellite microwave measurements in a physically consistent way.
F t ti f d l d t b thi t d d t d l For construction of model database, this study adapted newly available ice microphysical properties from recent in situ observations and treated the single scattering properties based on DDA simulations of realistic nonspherical ice particles of realistic nonspherical ice particles.
A new radar reflectivity‐ice water content relation ( ) was derived
79.0Z078.0IWC =was derived.