119
••• E ,, r nk Combinatorial Identities H. W. Gould

Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

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Page 1: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

、、••• E,,

r

nk ,,EE--··

飞、

Combinatorial Identities

H. W. Gould

Page 2: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Copyright @ Henry W. Gould 1972

Printed by Morg:mtown Printing and Binding Co.

Page 3: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

To my wife Josephine

for her never-failing

support and enthusiasm

"How do 1 love thee? Let me count the ways."

Page 4: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations
Page 5: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Combinatorial Identities

A STANDARDIZED SET OF TABLES

LISTING 5∞ BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT SUMMA TIONS

"Sc仿ηtia η.on habet inimicum nisi ign.orantiam"

HENRY W. Go皿D

Pr时essor of M athematics

West Virginia University

Revised Edition

Morgantown, W. Va. 1972

Page 6: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations
Page 7: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

INTRODUCTION

Anyone who has taken the time to read far into the vast

1iterature of mathematics wi11 be aware of the fact that summation

formulas for binomial coefficients are very wide1y scattered in

books and journa1s. 咀le situation is para11e1 wi世1 what we

shou1d have if no tab1e of integra1s existed for our dai1y use

and convenience. It is our object here to atternpt to fi11 this

gap 由ld we present what we be1ieve is the beginning of a st由ldard

set of tab1es for binomia1 coefficient summations. 、 ..

It wou1d, of course , be a hope1ess task to 1ist a11 known

。r a11 possib1e formulas , and so the best which an aspiring tab1e-

maker may hope to achieve is to 1ist at a given date those formulas

which seem of frequent occurrence, or which are interes1址ng for

some specia1 reason, or which are very genera1 in nature. It might

be possib1e to produce some type of minima1 1ist of formulas

together with a set of operating ru1es whereby other formulas

could be obtained, yet we sha11 not attempt this as such an att四Ipt

wou1d destroy the uti1ity of the kind of tab1es we propose.

Certain 1ists of identities which exist in the 1iterature

deserve specia1 mention here. 世le 1ists of Hagen, Netto, Schwatt,

Dougal1, and Bateman seem very iu飞portant. 咀le Bateman Manuscript

Project, which resu1ted in the series on specia1 到mctions , is a

monumenta1 achievement in bringing about order in a chaotic fie1d.

Bateman himse1f had projected a book on binomia1 coefficients apart'

from their connection with the hypergeometric functions. The author

has worked his "shoe box" notes into pub1ishab1e form. When

a tru1y comp1ete index of formu1as is conternp1ated, such notes and

materia1 w土工1 be taken into account.. See bib1iography be1ow.

- i -

Page 8: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Binom1a1 coeff1c1ent su回nat10nø heve a1weys proved a popu1af

Bubject 1n prob1em departments of mathemat1ca1 journals. Much

lnterest was stirred up a1so after A. C. D1xon f1rst found a

c108ed expression for the sum of an a1ternatlng eeries of cube8

of b1nom1e1 coeff1cients. Thi8 1ed to the great contribut10n8 of

::' ~'ranel , and Maclt.ahon on the eummetion of powers of the

",.omial coeff1cients. Meny newcomers to this work are , however , unawere of Frane1's paper 1n l' Inhrm(diaire 些主 Mathémat1ciens.

The author' s 1nterest in th1s work began- twenty-seven years ag。

with the study of prob1ems 1n the !m盯1can Mathemat1ca1 坠且且1..

!t would be 1mposs1b1e to g1ve complete references for the tab1es

of formu1as he has collected , and 1n some caees extended,for he would

have to 1iet v1rtual1y a11 the journa1s which have been at his

disposa1 , and this wou1d inc1ude journa1s and books at theUniversity

of V1rg1nia , Duke Univere1ty , Univers1ty of North Oar011na , the Library

of Congress , and West Virgin1a University. The author was warned

10ng ago that he might we1l f1 0under in formu1as , 1f on1y 1n one

8ma1l field , such as St1r11ng numbers , or Bernou111 numbere , not to

ment10n this vast subject of b1Dom1al coefficient summations , and

that is one reason he w111 feel some 8enee of accomplishmen"t if

even a beginning 1s made in the present tab1es.

It must be poinhd out that we omit proofs 1n the present work.

In most 1nstances the author ha8 worked out proofs wh1ch dl何时 from

the known proofs; however,to 1nc1ude proofs in the present tex乞 wou1d

magn1fy the 1ength of thie volume by about ten. The 8uthor's per80nal

interest 1s not the mere tabu1ation of for皿11a8 , but th18 emphaeis 1_

deslred in the tab1es we g1ve here.

- 11幽

Page 9: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

PROOFS

As far as proofs are concerned , it is important to indicate

the most 缸nportant methods. These seem to be any one or a cornbination

。f the fo110wing: c。η飞parison of coefficients in series expansions,

use of differentiation or integration , finite àifference rnethods ,

solution of difference equations or recurrence f,。ηnu1as , mathernatica1 ,1

induction, enurneration of 1attice points , theory of combinations

an卢 permutations , and generalserics transformations. The use of

the finite Taylor's series for po1ynomials is rather 却nport田lt a1so.

1n the last part of our ihdex wi11 be founct some useful transformations

which are especial1y important in handling the algebra of series.

Many of these wi11 be found 1n intricate detai1 1n Schwatt's Introduction

to the Operations wi th Serie~ [72 J NOTAT10NS AND DEFINIT10NS

1n the body of our tables , we have used the 1etters x ,y ,z for

real nurnbcrs except 1n a few instances ",here some note to the contrary

appears. 哑le letters j ,m,n , r , s generally have been reserved for non-

negat1ve intcgers. 1n most cases k has been used for the dummy variab1e

of summation and appears in no other usage. The bitiorr归1 coeff1cient (X J 飞 n.l,

is defined by the fo110wing:

(:)=川);;…4打 (1 -and we define x! = r (x + 1) in a ;few cases , but general工y we

feel it best to avoid use of the standard gamma function. The gamma

function of Euler i6 only one of an infinity of ways of extending

the factorial concept. -ii1-

Page 10: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

By extensive use of re1etions such e8

、飞l

』/

xn //tII、、

1lt/

x-mH -x-Z/fttmv

\fh/ nxn

x-fIt--

EE

/flt飞=、

lll-/

、11ftffιln

xn· /i\μ1\

(-OE(-1)nf:-) n ny

nJ』

hEl--/ n

n

叫ζ

,,,『tz飞

n 、‘.,,

aEE E

\}/ Aεn

fftt\

many veriations of the listed formules We give msy be found. A few of

the more usef、u1 binoruia1 coefficient relations of this type ere col1ected >>

together 1n our lsst tab1e.

Although we do not include formu1as which sum seriea involving

Bernoul1i numbers , Stir11ng numbers , Eu1er numbers , etc" We do need to

define the Stirling numbers ineswuch ss many sums involving binomiel

coefficients can on1y be given in terms of these. We sha11 define

thE Stirlinz 凹旦坦王旦旦主旦旦旦旦主坠旦立 by theeoeff1eient cZin the

expansion n

C)- ~_ C~ k x

The Stir 1in旦出业旦旦旦生旦旦旦旦主丛丛 we define by the expension

n

xn - .2; 11111

,J

XK ,,,ZEE-

nk nu

k-=O

See the auth町 's papers(sec。nd bipli。graphy)U汀,巳 8] , [3吁, (41) ,巳吨,(621 for discussions of notation and other properties. A better

nota tion S 1 (n ,时, S2(n ,k) was introduced in[11].

-l.V-

Page 11: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

工n particular it followa that

and

(*)

哇=叫 :ω( k \ j嚣'J=olj /

AIK+a1IK-n 、时 CB=(-1)k y l l l lJ-dd

L 1,. _ .: I l ,. , .: I j! - j j::O 'k - j I 飞 k + j I '

the latter being perhaps the simpleat expression known for the

Stirling numbers of the first kind , given by L. Sch工Iff工i and O.

SchlBmilch. The reader should consult [2汀, [3才, [3吁,也才, [61J

for details regarding the Stirling numbers. 工n[3司 the author

proved a formula inverse to (*) above.

工terated summations of terms have been omitted , since their

inclusion would necessitate a tabulation of much greater length.

The receþtion accorded the first printing (1959-60) of these

tables has been so overwhelminglyfavorable and continued,‘ thælt

the demand for copies has long since exhausted the supply. This

corrected reprint has been undertaken to meet the need for such

tables. Rather than retype the entire manuscript and run the risk

of introducing new errors , it has been decided to correct those

misprints which are easy to change. At the end will be found a set

。 f errata tables , bringing'together those errata which have been

ca工led to the attent工on of the author in the intervening years.

These lists will be useful to anyone who has access to one of the

。riginal printings of these tab工es. The bibliography has not been

altered; however a 工ist of the author's pàpers is included so that

the reader can consu工 t those items for a general idea of the trend

of research since 1960. Most ofthis work has been supported by

research grants from the Nationa工 Science Foundation since 1960.

A few new formulas have been introduced , just those which seem

to be absolutely essential. Al工 binomial formulas are kept on

file in a card catalogue , and proofs are kept in running volumes

of notes now covering several thousand pageß_ 工 t is abundantly

clear that this reprint will serve a usefu工 purpose until the

author completes a manuscr土pt in preparation for a comp工ete工y new

treatise on the subject of combinatorial 土dentities.

-v-

Page 12: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Sucha new treatise will offer many new identities , a

complete revision of the present tables , model proofs , hundreds

of references to the literature and a whole chapter on the

generalized Vandermonde and Abel convolutions which have occupied

much of the author's attention.

The author is obl土ged to Drs. T. A. Botts and Reed Dawson

who originally suggested the compilation of the tables. He must

express his deepest thanks to the following who have made many

suggestions and 土n many cases supplied corrections to the tables

or suggested new formulas~ L. Carlitz , John Riordan , Donald Knuth , Eldon R. Hansen , R. E. Greenwood , Michael P. Drazin , Verner E.

H‘'oggatt , Jr. , Julius Lieblein , Emory P. Starke , and many others

too numerous to mention.

The author would be pleased to hear from users of the tables , and welcomes any summat土on prob工em involving binomial coefficients

whether the user knows the sum or not. Al工 suggest土。ns for

improvement will be careful工y studied.

The attent土。n of the reader is called to a very important recent book COMB工NATOR工AL 工DENTITIES , by John Riordan , published

by John Wi工ey and Sons , New York , 1968. This is the first book-

length treatise deal土ng entire工y w土 th the theory of combinatoria工

土dentities. The subject matter covers: recurrences , inverse

relations (two chapters) , generating functions , partitionp。工ynomials ,

and operators. Anyone dea工ing with our subject matter should consult

Riordan's book. Some of this wr土ter's work on inverse binomial

series re工ations is treated in detail in Riordan's book. There has

been a great flood of books recently dea工ing with combinatorial

theory , but the subject of comb土natorial 立dentit主es remains

scattered i口 the 1土 terature of several hundred journals , in portions

of books , in unpub工ished manuscripts and files , etc. 工 t is

expected that this situation will shortly change. There 土s a need

for pedagogical treatises on the subject. 工n TIlE ART OF COMPUTER

PROGRAMMING , by Donald Knuth , Addison-Wesley , 1968 , V。工 .1 , pp.53-73 , the reader will find a good ,工eisurely account of techniques for

attacking a prob工em of summing a binomial series.

-vi-

Page 13: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

A NOTE ABαJT THE SYSTEM OF INDEXING

It is importent 1n 8 compi1etion such 88 this tomake use of

8 system of 1ndexing ~hich ~i11be e8sy to use 8nd flexib1e enough

to 8110~ the eddition of e fe~ formulss from time to time without

complete1y destroying the old ordering.

We therefore drew Up e sequence of tebles of formu 1es , numbered

。, 1 , 2 ,}, etc. Eech teb1e lists formulSs of the type S:p/q for

certe1n ve1ues of p end q , where p denotes the number of binomie1

coeff1c1ents eppeering in the genere1 numeretor term of the summetlon , 8nd q hes the S8me me8n1ng for the generel denom1netor term.

The tebles ere to be found errenged 1n the ordering

。/0 , 1/0 , 0/1 , 2/0 , 1/1 , 0/2 , }/O , 2/1 , 1/2 , O/~ , 4/0 ,当V1 , .• .etc.

It 18 eesy to prove thet the teb1e number , n , essigned to eech

type formu18 , S:p/q , 1s given uniquely eccording to the formu1a p+ q

D-q+L k-q+灿 q)(p +什1 )

k-O

Thus , in this system , e11 formules for sums of form s:4/} ehou1d be

11sted in teb1e number ~1. The proof ~f th1s is releted to the usuel

proof of the countebi1ity of the r8t1one1 numbers.

Conversely , if We desire to find out whet type Qf s\皿 18 tobe

found in e teble of number n we mey determine' th1s from the formu1as

p- 告(N-1)(N+2) - n q&n 回去N(N-1) ,

where N_G1+巧有J 丁J ' end where [寸 meens the

1ntegre 1 pert of x. The proof depends on the fect thet every odd squere

is of the form 80 + 1. Thus for teble ~1 , N = 8 , so p-= 告(7)( 10) - ~1

-= }5 - ~1 - 4 , eod q = ~1 -部的(7) = }1 - 28 - }.

-v工工-

Page 14: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

In this sec∞d eòition of our formulary , the followlng

tebles Bre 11sted Bnd the indiceted eporoximete number of

summBtions of specified type Bre to be found within eech

+.8 ble •

• :",_ 7.E NR. Form S:p/q listed Approx. nr. sums listed

t 1/0 135 2 。/1 26

岛主 2/0 180 1/1 29

5 。/2 2 6 ;/0 52 7 2/1 48 8

A1//2 O 10 9 11 ;/1 3 12 2/2 8 16 4/1 3 17 当/2 5 21 6/0 22 5/1 2

225 1+ 4/2

75A6////冒F 5 6 ;1 2 71 97 x p/O 15 z Generel theorems 30

TOTALI 555

As might be expected , the 6ums of form 5:2/0 , 5:1/0 , 5.2/1 ,

end S:;lo are most well known. 1n general 6ums of the form 5.0/哇'

with lerge veluee of q , ere relatively rare in the literature.

An important fector to keep in mind 18 that there 18 no unique

form Srp/q in which e formula of Some bapic type 1s elwsy8 wr1tten ,

bec8use by use of elementsry binomiel coefficient identitie8 we may

rewrite a given formula uelng more or fewer binomial coefficienta.

Thus there will slweys exist 8 large degree of whet i8 really

cross-classification. However we do not propose to draw up a minimal

list of formulss. An axiomatic study is planned later.

-viii-

Page 15: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 1

SUMMATIONS OF THE FORM Sr1/0

00 c--飞 IX 飞

(1.1) )‘ f l zk a(1+z)X ‘, Binomiel Theorem

zz。、 k I Velid for erbitrary complex x , end cemplex Iz'<:1 , where the principal val~e 。可 (1 +吟。 is taken.

Converp:ence is irrelevant when wet-hink of this- as a. gener8ting function. -00

寸1 .k / X 飞(1.2) ). ( -1 ) ~ ( )- 0 , R( x) > 0 ,

ιJ 飞 kJ

k=O

00

( 1.~) Z (γ) .k _ l xl <. 1 , (1 _ x)n + 1

k-O

n

(1.4 ) Z K(x)Yx-1) 叫C: 丁,("。 k , (-1)a -1 十k-e

EES''

x-k /'''飞

nI川

1112/

-n XA ,fat-、、

n 飞EEl-­

XK IF-『E飞

nz… 民

J

'

" r

艺川(:) kr -L (_l)k(:) (:::)

r (1.6) Bk '

k=O k-=O

n - 1 x-r 2 川C)kr(1.7) 11m n - (r - x) r (-x) ' a• 00

k-O (Prob. 句51 , Amer.Meth.Monthly ,195"p.482)

n n

(1.8) ~_ C ~1) zk L C-:十 k) zk z"(1+z) ' k

k-O k-O

Page 16: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(1. 9) 艺 C) yk 帽 Z fj(1JKN)k ,

k=O k 黯 o

(1. 10) /f'EEt飞

…γι

n-k-1 x -z c ~:)川)k' ,

::1)ZO

n a哩,­

'-bh-

J-k

aE ••

"

+­x-,,‘、- '

k- 。

= L (: ~:) n - k

n r+k

x

r

"的 Z(:)r~k

Z n 1- k (x 手-1) - 1

n t- k k=O k -= 1

(r ~ 1)

(1.1~) L (-1盯) k l -= 0 , 0ζj <:::.. n

a(-1)n rEF , j z n

(11A)27(jch-k)n+1E2x;~ (n+1)! ,

n x­n­『

ζ­

a哥,-

--肉,』­

x­坷,』白

唱,

-b叶

+-2 n-tT一

呵/』­

nE ZJ-

(n+2)! ' (1.15 )

呵J』午

'k x

飞飞tt

』/

nk J''taEK K Z k-O

n 飞112/

-ba x fIt--

j?C Brzfj

n -f- k ' (1. 16)

+ n k x \

飞11/

nk fFSEE­bh

艺k-O

-2-

Page 17: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Let sjz L(叫:) "十 3k •

Theo

s , (-1)n 咱nn 、,,,四

.‘.·· +一刊­

n-

自 (-1)n(n+j)! z C ::y:) ·唱4

+ bAb--

nu

--川

'

(1. 17 )

., ··EE-­

n n ‘‘,, aE, ' ,

,.、

.. 饵,

S B CO

CH

-A a '-e e p eu

stE( ,1)nh+1月÷'

(1 .18) n (0 + 2)! • o(~n + 1)

S2 - (-1) ' 2 12

(n + ~)' • 2

(1.19) n n'(n+1) s - (-1)

当 6 8 '

n (n + 4)! n(15♂ +50n2+Pn-2) (1.20 ) 84 - (-1)

24 240 '

(1.21 ) 85 _ (_1)n (n +- 5)! 02(如~ + 10n2 + 50 - 2) .

' 120 96

(1.22 ) n (0 + 6)! n(6'n5 + ~15n乌+ ~15n~ - 9102 - 420 + 16)

86 - (-1) 61 40~2 . (Velues of S当 Bnd S7prioted in[72)were incorrect , see page 102 that text.)

。岖,

(11.2~ ) L (n: k) 2-k n + 1

- 2 k 翩 O

n

}叫二三 C) - 2. ,

k-O -~-

Page 18: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

、飞tt'/

nk fftt飞

b民

nZ山

区J

『ζ

o n ~ d ,

12 n EO

n

( 1.26) 二 C) 008 k> nx 乎号_) n

"'" 2 'COB 2'l COS ' k 自 O

n

(1.27) Z C) 810 k> M 乎-r) n - 2 .s1n 寸r "l C08 ' k-O

( 1 约)三。(叫)ωabEHf2千叶ncoa 忖),

(1.29) Z (叫:)…= (-1)口川in 云)山 n(x:时,

(1 列)艺 C)叫'仰 , 2j oh +-2

,

(1.~1) 三 (2: )ωs lcx -斗

x ba n --、

EEEF/

nk

,,,Itt 川z

…同ζ

XJ zr-1:叫

-4-

Page 19: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

x ‘‘,, a冒-

4' k 句ζ

,,‘、

s o e 飞飞ZE

,,/

B+

』凰

吨'''

//飞

飞l丁J

tre

e--.

,回

-F吨ζ-、,'!-E

nEF

飞/回

-句,

ι

』且

rtlL

、•• , 写J

ZJ ... ,,‘、

n+ 阳2-叶ω) e…)·(-1Mh/川叮X))

(1.~4) øin(2k + 1)x

k o::: O

=叮cJ川in(叶阶1♂(x/2) 毗 n{?)l

(1.~5 )

岛、飞,,,/飞飞

t

』/

knK

Ir--飞

Jftz飞

阳2

吊2

十+(n~2) " …

-2 '

4'

(1.~6) 1 飞( -1L(斗) ,

k...O

(l.m 2: (:) k:1. a唱··"

'-

1-x 4'

一-η

n--T ‘‘.,," 1-n

-,,E、

牛'一

x-a,‘、- '

〔妇 n t 1

L C:) n t- 1

(1 .~8) )' ( -- \ x - (x + 1) - (1 - x) 2k / 2k + 1 2(n +1)x '

k c:: O

P二3 nr1 n+-1

(1.~9) Z (2k: 1)

2k x (x + 1) . + (1 - x) - 2 .:

k+1 (n + 1)x2 ' k-O

ω2ω

+-f x-z

r-H

>

例-T肺、

?一-K 1

一十

EZ

飞、11

』/

XK I''st、

k

- z C:j 叫

-5-

Page 20: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

yruedothis::f4;斗。f form 511/1

(1.41)

n?L

k=O

n?L川

、‘,,

ZJ tu『

,,,‘、

、‘,,

L

斗L斗

.... ,,,、‘

飞、11

,,,r

nk /111飞

.K ‘、.,,

a吨,,

,,‘、

1111/

n-K /III-

k 、‘.,,

,,‘‘、

飞飞』』JJ

xn

n/l

‘‘.,,, 4 •••

‘、,,,,

--un ,,.‘、.-x ,

,.‘、

'因…E

X - k

二 ('1)k(:::)(kf/γ 三

( 1 勾引 L

ak+ 1

n nz ( -1叫 :)t

k = 1 k .配 1

The following surn 18 en 5:1/0 or e special instence of an 5:1/1 1

(1. 46) L (叫:)1

( 1.47)

( 1.48)

k==O 1 + - 1 • = n(n+1)

2 (;7) {η 2(n+~)

n

kj j-1

Z 川(:) x ( j 豆豆 n ) - (-1)

C!J , x+k k-O

n

z r:7=(":::7· 乙:',) ' k-O

-6-

Page 21: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

什j/

+ nn + x /IIltt\ 飞

11j/

k 41k x /if--\ n勺/乙

ny LUτ

(1.50 ) L ('~丁k "'" 1

x +k

「fAVJ

IlIJ/

n 卡ta

x -r''『lk

「飞

}J飞lttz、

17

、、tlsf/

al?

x

/fit飞

、飞tlt

ff

aE‘唱,

++ nx /IIIEE飞

\lII/ -KX /ltl飞

nz… 良

/

-l,。

\ht』

J/

,唱,.a

『••

丰1tT

na

、d

-f/''111

‘飞

a \、111/

k-J rIt--、

nZ川

、、.,,

叫/』

EJ AY--,,,‘、

(1.5~) L \11ls/

b

n4'

//l\

where ~也

\ivz nu

川l

//I飞

/fIL

阳z…由2

功另

k = 0

a 卡 krx ~+Z (UJr j)'a(1 千去电Jr j户 ,

j = 1

2 1ri/r z::: e

(r-1 ~ a) (8 = pOS. or neg. integer) rz

乎 COB~j)n cos (0-2;)3 7γ r

j - 1 (n ~ 8 主 0 , r-1 注 8)

Z (1叫j)n__= 三 Z(叫nms平j ... 1 j .. 1

(156)Z。 {Us 刊 2nHmi号'

-7-

Page 22: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

[号.!J

(157)24:1)→F十2W(?j'

( 1 归)Z (;)→ {2n十川μ抖,在

( 1δ9) z C:) k=O

(1. 60 ) L(叫n : k) K n - ~lC (xy)-(x + y) a:

n 4- 1 n 沪 1X 皿 y

' x - y k a: O

(1.61) L C: k) n - 2k k 2 z ...

n 斗 1 n + 1 x- y

x - y

wh町et x = l+F口, y a: 1- ,r;:+可

(1. 62) L k=O

(叫 ni 丁 (2COSX)n-2K E"::::1)X

[亏7

Z n - 2k ( 1.6~)

k (":丁 (2 COB x) 2 (-1) t k -= -- 008 nx ' n - k n

k 嚣。

[+J C :k) n ~ k (+)

n n

2 x + y (1.64 ) . -= n-1 ,

n 2 x+y

k=O here r x = 1 +.俨亨丁, y-1- -V耳可

-8-

Page 23: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(1.65) L (-1 )k C :丁k-=O

( 1 担(-1川k-=O

(1672]('1)k(n:)

( 1 岱~k c= O

2"-2k 2 2" + 1 (" ~1) ..

" - k n

b且

肉,ι

n-A叫一+

B-k o­CF nζF

"+2 (2 008 X) -2 e08(n 千 2)X

' "+2

k

b一+

句ζEL且

a唱··

+­n nζ

aE, ‘"

专n h

斗-= ' n 千 2

(叫(-1)n÷ , if' 个'

n (Cambridge Msth. Tripos , 19究; Hardy , Pu re Math. , p9ge 445.)

(-1 )叫 L , if 才 n '

l n : k).k a

(1.71罢仁γ=

\i/ /it飞

m艺

k-O

♂+ (_1)"2n , (n 杀 1)

n

(2Z + 1全J亨丁正 ) 十 (-1) (2z) 忖n+-1

川 n/22 户 (2叶 1 -t-{ï工石)" -(地斗 1 圣J丰石)

'

k=O

( 1 叫z

k a:: O

\(1.72)L

n -x 二十

千一门

n-­x-

x

E二-x z_ ( 1 千 x)2

, where I '

(叫n : k) 2叫 =n 十 1 ,

-9-

Page 24: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

叭l/

/IIt飞

ε…

2n + 1 -圄--22n

,

( 1拦 C: 丁= ( 1+ .J雪)n 十 1.(1-4吉)

2n + 1 -ý歹

E 凰n E n-th Fibonaccinumber , Where aos1·la1'

and a -= 8 + a n+1 n n-1

(1.75 )艺片~ [:巳~]

(-1) + (-1) , (?1)kfi 丁 E2

k-O

(1.76)三 (γ) - ZC"k-) aa2rEusing (1·7A)

k-O k-O

b且

川l/

叶位

rjt1、

n

「也… 1

/〉飞

J

K X

+ n x + b

且x 十n x

r飞

4JtL

\ll/ k +k n /ftt飞

PZ… 只

U吁t

(1.79)L c:γ 自 2n ' k-O

吨'』

k 叭l/

4,n

/,

1····\ ∞汇川

o au ,

-10-

'

Page 25: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

b且同

ζ

\III-/ 』民

-n n 『ζ

,,ttE飞飞·nu

n

勺乙h

au _2n - ~

11l』/

b且

缸十

//-11、

甲Zau

1llIFf d -n n' 内ζ

ft1h\

十叫ζ

n 吨ζ

内ζ

E , (n 注 1)

k = 0

(1.8, ) Z Cn: 1)_ / ,

k== 。

>/n 竹il/

-n n 同ζ

/,JI--\

+、

叫ζ

n 句ζnd

叭1I/

-L

n nt /Its-、

nv

nγLh

L

斗nu

‘ •. , \// n

叭1·j/

-n n nζ

//ti\

斗tn 吨

'』同

ζE

叫l

ν

呵'』

/lt·\ nz… ‘‘,,

良J

nu

(1 附 2、川l/

-n n 句丘

/III-1飞

n 、‘,,

••• ,,‘、

= 飞

-1j/

nk 吨ζ/

/『t11、

b民、

‘,,

a唱··

,,‘、

, k c: O

k x

\111/ nk

肉,』

//I11飞

「lJnv吁VLh

RU

n n (1 +-v'X) + (1 -吗rx)

2

(1.88) Z n 2

n …-2

k~O

肉,』

J'' n ‘、,,

aE· ,,.‘、

E

1111JF

nk 呵'』吨

ζ

/tt『lt1飞

b且‘ •. ,,

4·· ,,,‘、

( 1.89) z 乙:) ' (n 主 1)n-1

- 2

-11-

'

'

Page 26: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

日斗 I n 飞 ,.. . .、n ,.、n1.则~ (_1)k (2:) =: (1 +1) :~' ~ 1) _ (-v2 )n C08 芋,

(1.91) 艺 C:) - L Lk:nl) , (n 兰 1)

(1.97) Z L川 -2n-1'

k-O k...O

(1.92 )

mz… 2 十

、{之主 j)

叭ll/

k

nh之… k-O

(1.94) n?乙 (-OkfnJ 丁

k....O

(195)ZOLklxk'

( 1.96) 三。(斗)k乙k.+ 1) -

2n - 1 - 2

1:卜1(Cn :) .叫)

zc::) 2n - 2 '

[吁立]-= (-1)

n 2

n n n+.Ji)白- (1 - ...;王)

2-./言, (n ~ 1)

(1+1)n-(1·if sM)n sin 子,

21

n 、.. ,­a唱

··圃

'-,2、

Enζ

'-a冒··

'

-12-

Page 27: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(1.99)

(1.100)

(1. 101 )

( 1.102)

叫?L

斤 2n 〕 =(-T22k+υ

n ‘‘,,圃

,唱,.

--,E

、-吨'』

幅-

A唱··· '

k ..,。

Z (;:::)3E 2n - 2 .. (2n - 1) 2 (n 注~)

"?/μ

)kc:::) 皿 (FJ , k 菌 o

ZN)k(::;)k;1 回(B(x忖 , symbolically ,

' where Bn(x)means B (x) 目 Bernou111 polynomia l.

n

n

Z C) k. k! -t-CJ W1}f ( 1.10') . ,

k +1 + 1) x" + 1 x k :oc O

主 C:)k

( 1.104) x E 飞(1- -E ( l x Iζ1 ) ' 2k

k.也 O (1 - 2k) 2

(1. 105) .z c:)•L E

, ( l x\.( 1, 81so va l1d for x =: -1 -J1万

0<1 k (1.106) Z (11(2:)

x 1+ 飞11+x , \ \x\< 1) - log 2k + 1 2

k == 1 k 2

c>ð

( 1. 107) L C:) arcs1n x 7r "'" dx = -::- log 2

(2k + 1)2 22k x 2 k=O

-1 ;5-

Page 28: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

n r

2 2 C:J k" 2n + 1 f 2n\ ~ J I n \ ~ (1.108) ø 2:2: 1 (2:) L ( :)址

k-O 2 2' k=O

(1. 109) 5 - 211(子 (":1)o

2

n 旷宇 b ... ---5 ~ l t , t

当 O

(1.111) s -n(知 +2) s

2 当(5) 。'(1.112) s -

n( 15n2 十 18n + 2) S ,

当 ~(5)(7) o

n

(1. 11~) Z 趴1l/

千+

nn 向ζ

/ftE『tt飞

E 川-k2

飞飞

111/

』且

bA

,,,,,

.. EE--K

'''-呵ζ

门一十

4'-n -冉,­

n- 42-吨4

,

k=O

、‘,,,

-H『

a, .. a咽··

-4., ,, .. 、.

、-EE

,/

…nz…

盯m

f( 对自 - k k _. k (1 - x) -- x~ f(τ- )

GENERALIZED LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 1

(111F)ILa)川

1 咱 x _ n ~ _ a T n -x ( = x e υ 哩 x e n' X l J ‘ (0)

Ordinary Laguerre Polynomiala: L (x) = L~V/(X) n u

k x

··飞EE

,/

kk .. pn f''EEZ、

nz… ‘

、,,,

,。

a唱a-

a咽,-

aE· ,,‘、

., a咽,­

n /ι-

n· /』­

nu AU aL· .q a-­v o r p aE,., n· n

、‘.,,

a唱··

x ,,‘、

aE· + n‘ X E

-1 鸟,

Page 29: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

飞、11/

nk ,,,, ••• EK

nz… 7t n'-k..k-1

(x 十 k)U ""(k+1)" -(x- 1)--,

(This 8nd the next two are speciel ceses of e general formula due to Abel.)

1l/

nOL川

(yk)n-k(x-yk)k 回n

x , n

(Abel) ) 付飞:县Z

n

(1.120)

三(:)旷 k(x-yk)

去 c :b~)Zk 幽

' (Abel) (1.119)

a 斗 1x x - 1

, I Zl <怦 1z= 一一--呵'b x

k-O 、

(Poly8 and Szeg巴)dz… 8 18 斗 bk' • I - . ---, zk =' X8 ,(88me conditions 8S in ebove.)

a + bk \. k J

(1 叫 Z (::::) , a discussion has been given by D~ Dick叫1[t7].

( 1. 12~) L (2:) (2k + 1)D 22k

Was studied by S. Ramanujan , in whose col1ected works one may find eveluations of this.

:1.124) ZC) 因

k n 、,,

z k y ,,‘、

k ‘‘,, MM LE X ,

,,‘、

n! L JXLY)k zn - k

k=O

(1.125) Z Bk(叩)BVKM)(P 十 qk) = ~h 飞了;:qnEE Bn(x 步 y ,z) ,

k=O x .., k-1

where Bk(x ,z) =毛τ(X + kz) (This 18 e Genera11zed Abel Convoluti句. Compere with (~.仙2)-(; .1韧) .)

-15-

Page 30: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

n

( 1.126)

z… n

-= (1 十叶

lII/

/'EEE、

jz… J

币、13

』/''

/,tzt r

L川

(1.127)

.D - L ('寸'〉 Ank '

and exp l1ci tly

A nk L(斗, 3 (刀 (k-j)n•

'

(Cf. Carlitz , Math. Mag. , Vol.~2(1959) , p.2的)

These numbers of Euler (also Worpitzky) area special case of numbers

due to Nielsen and which we might define 88 follows: 三、.- / q 飞 n

(1. 128) B~ _ ... /' (_1)K ( • l(r - k)口r ,q L..;、 1.. 1

k-=O 飞→ F

From this it follows that xn =(_1)叶 n :Ek=O

Tor all integersm> n·

-16-

Ix 十 k -

Bk ,m 十 1 t m

Page 31: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(1.129) Z(勺-j)

一十2

丁J

rj

+ k 、EttE

,,f

+K J''EE飞

b且川。乙…

, k=O

(灿阳tt[72) , p.48)

(S伽ett(72J, p. 51)

Schwett gives v8rious other more compliceted exemples of this , such 88

formulas for

L>叫2? end 公l/

L民

/ftItt n7仨

.、d

n 飞,JX­--K 咱

-4·-­

r飞

-n

‘‘ •••• Ease'm

4tAE ++、

EEEa''

aa-­-m-B njkm ,,ESEE-

、,,,,

E·飞、

nh〉μ44TL咀

-3ak

、‘,,、‘,,

qsqL ZJZJ 4tAt •• dB·A·­,,‘、,,‘、

k x

k 4d 、‘,,

X AE1 ,,.、

、EEElsF

aa·; --1-k -3K-/IIl飞

1tem

』且--、飞FFV-E­

np〉

LZn飞』

k

··44d

、hEEEaa'

A』

as

---­

nm

jJIlt

x (Gould)

(Chung)

气/1-k

+n xhEt'' JFEE飞

fk

=/I

飞lf

kkk a-

、,,

xn1 /I

飞←

nFLM+LM 、‘,,、‘,,

ZJ'h

ZJ

『龟J

AB-aE-atdl ,,‘、,,‘、

= JC::)+ ' (SaalschUtz)

(1.135 ) LtC~2) r = (丁2) 立了:) h 一户

'

-17-

Page 32: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

.、z,,,

tH

.5)

:.6)

nz k-O

"艺k-O

k (-1)

-、11

』,/

xk /tl飞

-(丁?

TABLE 2

SU肌ATIONS OF THE FORM S:0/1

f号 [1 十 (:(:1:) }

x

x - 1

nO/μ叫

n

艺k

,n

三( :)

j - 1 , k 11: 1

_ s (x) n

1 ~ _ , D 十 2 _ # • n 十 1(1+~)S .(x) a:....:一一;- s (x) 十 X 十

n + 1 n 十 1 n

rO乙

k c: 1

-18-

-EH

'

j " 1

1 十 xk1 斗 x

1-x

(斗斗,

,

Page 33: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

n k-1 n-1

Z ( -1) 十

(-1 ) ~2. 7) .:

2 C:) C:) 2{n 十 1 ) k = 1

2n - 1

z k-1 k n (2.8 ) (币1) ...

n + 1 ,

e:) k = 1

n 2k-1 2n

艺2 2

' (2.9 ) .,

k(2~) C:) k """ 1

Z n , (r >1), \2.10) """ ( : ) r - 1 (:) k=n

C肖3

Z (n ~ 1) (乙 11) c=旬- , '

kC: 丁n

k = 1

n 。<:J 2

Z z rr (n~ 1) (2.12) = k2

,

们丁6

k = 1 k == 1

oa k+1 00

fxj+ Z x Z z + 1 , (2.1,) (:) =

X 千 1z 十 1 幽 k

k=O k 罩 O

R(x)< 告 z :/:. -1 , 0 , 2 , . . . 3

00 k+1 00回 k+-1 2 x z (-1) k z

( 1 : x ) (2.1h) =

(Z :k) z+k

k=O k-O R(x) <:号, z 手 0 , -1 , -2 , .

回才 9-

Page 34: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

øo k 。。 k -k

lZ (xJ丁~- XL, k e

kr x+k k-O k! k _ 0 .

k

。。 -唱F

2 Z 川k

- ex. 一 X 飞f k ,

(丁丁 k' k' k 匾。 k 匾。

n

b .L, k-1

的艺k - 1

‘‘ .. ,, <u,,1

咱也正亨,

由世、p

n 呵'』

, "节'

k '_0 0

叫 2

句2k - 1

时 Zk = 1

:2 [ 1 - [为} -

a咽,-KL\j

1-nK HE吨'』

,飞

--rfEEL

kOL .,-4d

j - 1

7t》i

J

-川I/

1-千k

--vh Ef'tt、

J$iE、

17 r

勺Lh

2n n

s 冉+2(n 卡 1 )- 2n+2 Z

k - 1

飞飞t1J''

nk qι

kfiIL ‘‘,,因

a咽,由‘‘,,

,,‘、回.十k

.. (2川~Z • (Ljunggren)

2 有F-lC:) 18

、11BSJ

b皿mb且

呵'』

/Ftt飞

aE·· -、,,

b且

4,

22『+bh

同ζ,,a‘、

.K

x2LE+1

-K ‘、,,

41· ,,‘、 、

、,1,

Jf

kk 内4

/fttE飞

A唱··

bh

J

nζ4E

2-+

k 吨ζ

,,‘、

bh

,‘-a'

'n 1

一+

-k .,,‘、

,

c X - -J 1 - x2 • Arcsin x ,

( lxl <1 , 8180 ve旧 for x_ 主 1 )

f2川 EXmJFT叶/1+1) ,

( l x , < 1, e 1s 0 va lid for x IIC + 1 )

-20-

Page 35: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

k=O 飞EE

J

kk nζ

/J,, •• ‘、

k 、

JE2

4··"

、‘,,

--et (-十

b且

2 ,,墨、

-= 4 ~ k== 。

的 Z

圈子- ~ 1叫吁 1) ,

。。

n-1 z (1 - x) dx " (:"2萨 1 - x k...1

od

田 n! Z (kn 十1 )(kn 卡2) …… (kn + n)

k -0

n - 1

ftJk j z n-1 Z坦Z (- Ct/ .J (1 -但)- ) log

k' --- k ·但)k

k -= 1

臼JK 黯@

'

(E. H. Clerke) n n 千 1 k

(2.25) 艺 n 1- 1 z 2 -=' (Tor B. Stever)

(:) n 千 1 k 2 k=O k = 1 (Also sp也eciel C8. se

of (2.4) ')

(2.26) L 1

(X :丁(natural extension of (2.2); Gou工d)

- 2斗-

Page 36: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE , SUM}.{ATIONS OF THE FORM S &2/0

‘‘,, n o --. &b u 噜A

o v n 。

nuv e AM n o m r e Ju n a v-­,,‘、

lIJf

咱.

+n x Jrtt\

、飞11J

b且

v·.

' //Il

、飞BEEF''

xk /,,IE飞

"γ己

,) _L_ C:j(Y:::k)_(叶飞o+j .

j)L (:)(0 :k) _乙::;1) ,

12/

y 牛'x

/fsk、

气/

b且

vw­十

X

X J'Ett­、EBEES-

n-K J'tIEK nz

5) L (:) ( :) -z (忏 n : j(+: -) .

6) L ( :)乙o :J 皿 Z(二 k)( n:k)-+[(::) 十(:)j.

7) L 仁兄斗、11

j'

XAM ,

/fl飞

41 吨J

J''E飞、

\飞11'

k

/fh 、

EI』,,F

/rttt飞

阳、三川 - 22-

" 一

Page 37: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

8吟).2:ε~(工刀(乙仅2;儿:

10层]μ 儿:-1) 田→4÷4(2:) -」4;三P乒1卫正气2二纪:之巧飞℃;J川1飞飞V?γγ(←忖川叫.斗卅d1η♂ )户n

咐介J1民川J

---2n 二

2n乙

主/,

11飞

/l飞

"

l/hJ

xn

n 、电,,

n/l飞")斗

·『呵4-·十飞

l/

飞11/

ljh

xnnn/FK 吨'h

呵'』!吨'』

ffUH1吨!'‘

叫罚飞fM

有飞

1-2

J2

勘飞

ll/

',

\1lIJ-1

4

i/.·p

kxah4

x2

-n

n·'

/IυhnhUH

\11//I

.i

\1i/+

x+.:bAX

x2k

k2 //hv/l飞

/····L

川艺出?''已引艺…

「EK

171A) 艺 (:)(斗-干(:)(二:?缸子r:x.-:r) · (n~1 , O~rζÞ )

n e aM T AU n aA e r r a nr cu k a--r pnE

、、15''

k 唱,>

/Ftt

、EEEEa''

xk /{利

n艺…

11).15) Z 叫::;)Eh-u(n ~ 2 • 。< r ~ n-1 )

(Erik Sperre Andersen)

-2予·

Page 38: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

!CjZ 门)r:) =r~)r- 万=川) (丁) 2 •

1.17) .~. (:)(:) Zk - Z (:)c+: -J 怡- 1户,

jm)ZCX刀川

þ.19) L r:汇) l - ZCJ(X:J . 、

111/

xr ++ nn ,,/ttt\ 、飞J/r

x+ k

/t1'飞

、、1』』

J

nk /Il、

nz… nu

1721)Z (;rott 2(可n 二)l

Fb r e hu AU 唱A

O G r a w民

i'/

L且

'bh x­nζ 十四

ve Jr11飞

、、E,,

f

xk nζ

/FEE飞、o

n

勺Lh

l阳(臼μ阳叫?川川川22剖2约) Z三。 (:)C:工: :kJ护)k -t:~]

!(5.t!~> ~ (叫:1;XK+:?)-ifj;二;二

-24-

Page 39: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(, .24)

(, .25)

(, .26)

(, .27)

(, .28,)

(, .29)

(,.,0)

(,.,1)

(,.,2)

内1/

十/IIE\ Qll/ kk nn + x /

fi1、

、11tIJ

XK /iu n?/μ… 、

Il

』/

n1 内ζ

+ +

n

x2 /iE、

认ly/

kk nn 十x ,

Jftt飞

、飞KEEJ

X

十k

ffhv nz…

ZC:Y:::) -云rcγnE;二)f π(x242)'

Z C::)(::DZ;:::刀:引:(C:刀丁γγ2♂产2缸n~圄ι口:峦4峦峦[c扣(仅2川阳

L (:JC:j-t::刀,

z (:)(二 r) -(::刀,

2(:VDk zn( 叫: -) . 艺 (-叶叫叫1η)

L (-1 )k串斗卅j叫1ηJ)产叫k丁(:)(n二:二k)卜= (←串斗J1门)产2 (ι斗 )γ1叶川+剌忏川川(←忖川唰斗卅1η) '

= (:) ~:172;;!!fL)!

Page 40: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

1II/

'Ar n ,,IE

r \i/ baH -r a ffttt飞

叭luv

fFE--、

b且…

勺L川

ZJ

!以5乒引号川; 艺 州 CJ比L汇(2nιn二n : k)斗k) -叫川(←归川-斗1

:~.~切!巧肪予另5引) 三;(斗卅d叫吨)户叫盯k气k(:仁:)(2'二斗!二:k) - <-i [(仙川:)+刑 '

川 Z 川了:γ::; 丁 f二丁 J;-1户,

('.~7) L (忏.: k)(斗

:'.;9) 去(叫

MO)Z (-rcynfb腼 2 乙; 1)( n 刁 2k 村,

川1)2(,1)KC)LfJE(叫

-ã>-

Page 41: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(~.42) Z (叫:γ:::)、

111/

xk 冉'』吨

ζ

nn 冉ζ/

ftt飞

、EEBEEtJ

XK If--飞

L且

-hJ3

叫~uZ川

回 (-1)nZ(-4(2:1)(勺 2k

1刀//It飞

十川π…

叭iv

呵ζ

冉'』

yn ,,,,,,

aE···

‘EI--

,,

xk //l飞

mr…

L且冉

'』

A1lF/ gk yn ffttat

、飞111f

xk /fiI飞

bEh n「之…

ZJ L

且『

ZJ

b且

向4

9』

1iJ/

h 内ζ

』且

xn 句ι

/ttl飞

、飞、11t2J

XK ,

JIl飞

12… M ZJ -(叫

b晶

吨,』

2 λ叫ll/

少』

bA

kn //I1l飞

、-h1l/

xk //It-·

k nz… 民

JL

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n ,E

、-吨4

4'一 '

飞EE--

,/

xn /JtttL n 内

ζ内ζ

n 、川!j/

b且

hu­-n n 冉£

fIII-飞

叫!'/

-K

X 肉'』

/fIIL -K nZ山

,。

L

斗ZJ

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z

x

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/'Iiv 割... ,

f

叫j/

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x ,

rll

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nk /IIt'飞

b且、

,,,

aE, ,,‘、

nZω

、-z'

?『

L

斗ZJ ,

,.、

lJγ

xaf /fhv 叽1川V

+『+

'Ar MVI人

nk //t』EL

b且

nz… M咱

-27-

Page 42: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

川,6(叫:)(::了)

9) L; (叫:yt)-C::) ,

币) L, (叫:)(气)~ c寸,

,k - z c){: ~~:) · -(叫马)

嚣队 :1::

K ZJ 、

气lj/

zk xn zJ VVAf xk ,,,,,

EEE、

nz… 2

,

bh

nt』

1lI/

乱翩'n n n

ftttt、

、飞11l

J

XK /ftlz、

bh

nu

nOLh

儿- 2才; +nD -) •

d(fU丁ftf?Lr z巾,·川ft/

十xn n rIlt-E

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It--/ 3z +f:

111la/

bEE

乱Me

2n2 ·-n nn 内ζnJ

/FEat--''1t飞

-EE

『『

tJ

、111IE/

fk

k

nn JFSE飞

/It--‘L

L且

b且

nz…moL

眠HM

, (Generelizes a formula proposed by B.C.Wong)

(B. C. Wo鸣)

-28-

Page 43: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

n\ (气2X)(357)Z。(叫丁::Dz(-1〈

(;.59) 主(-1叫

n 、‘,,,

aT·· ,,‘‘、

十a咽'

、飞E『,,,

XA

//i飞

吨,』

JJ n

、‘,,

A唱··

,,‘、

E

K 吨ζ

111''/

KK E­xn 吨,』

,,,SEE-E飞

、、11

』/

x-K /''-1、

k 、,,,

aE-

nu

noρh

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4唱··

r。

ZJ

(, .62) .z= (叫:X2::D2kg1+;-1)yn二) ,

n 吨,』

11/

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1UJ

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d』

xn nd ,,,E『LE飞

‘‘,E.,E,

J

xk j,

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k

mz ZJ FO ZJ

k=O

aEd n 呵'』呵

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E

n-

-『EM'

JI''tk n 、‘.,,

4唱··

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,,『『lh飞

、EEEEEF

n-K Jrl飞

.K 、‘,,

a咽,.

,,‘、

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,吨飞

-29-

Page 44: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

肉'』

k)

ll/

nl

/Jt飞

x 叫

//n)

-n--

,飞

-A

hm+-/Il飞

1-

、飞1』

FJ-

nk /ftt飞nv

nzh

〉门

吨,』

4,F吨,』

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、-

k x

ndnd

2\i/\l/

lj

nknknk /i

飞/{飞!/{飞

nzγ二号。已

rlL

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41 、

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L崎冉

'h

/IE飞

、、Ea--』

j

nk /I』tk

nz… 但

V69)zr:1)z÷(:::3 ,

。 70) 雪 C:Y →C:) 十二tiroJ n 1 十(斗)

2

1771)ZC)2 a 士(::)十二宁可:) .

口2) ! G: r -+C:) 十气气2:) 十 1 十~-1)" c:r · ~.7;) 艺 μ1) --ît) -土耳YJJt(-1)n

- 30-

Page 45: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(叫3川川川7协向A勾) Z (ιi二二k斗ι:1J ) E→÷封(:) _ J仨午干乎÷二严乒!卫卫咛)

叫 2 ι lr =→+(ω::D:D) - 」斗午平t=严!旦i气1'{2巳ω2飞节:)奸十 1 丁γ1)气n飞c:y ,

(~.76) L (: y (扣n卜.斗4叫2位叫旷k叫k)2户2 . n<(2 :二: :D) '

(~.77)

(~. 78)

(~.79)

"Ø.80)

(, .81)

~ cr kr

-

γ了:) ,

γ ♂ (2:1)'

~(叫

hz 吨'』

、1112/

nk 吨ζ,

/'』,、

L且、

.,

,,‘、

rk 飞

ll/

b且

ftttlk nk /tilL r们/已

==- s r

,

k~O

飞飞is-J

吨ζ4

nn 呵'』

/fl飞

、,,

n nt』

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FIt-L a-2 E

aE­RM

S5z n2(γ1)(2::3 ,

E(f '

-L (叫:rn : )2k ' k-O

., 飞

l/

nn 冉4f

''『aE飞

n ‘、,,,

A咽,.

,,t、

=

~.82) L (_1)k C:Y - 仨咆 2:)十 C:Y} ,

- 31-

Page 46: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

四町ζ

\1』/

nk rft『1、

k飞ll/

vvaA

nk m勺/已

k

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k-O

k

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1112/

bak 吨'』

,,,EEE·

IE/

nk //』t、

b且

nz… L

U吁民U

ZJ 、1l

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vER产

/''aaa

nz…

k 飞

1ij

vt人

k

/ftt飞

nzh '

(~.85) Z(-1)k(;)(20 兰k -C:)-;纭,

Z(叫(; .86)

(~ .87川川8盯旷7

1;.88) 220 L (:)(2:) _ L (2: : :l2:) 庐,

n HP1(:}(? 叫 z ' (20 - 1) 2 2n

k=O

n Z(…)门 2n(; .90) / f \1 1 - 2 n -k It k k=O

-32-

Page 47: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

..91 )

1.92)

j.9')

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:~.9乡)

nOL

(叫2::汀2:) _ 冉ζ

\llj/ nll

n

ftIl飞川k-O

Z (2::DfDJ-14::2;:

z (2:: 了)C:J阳)(斗1)'(-1附C:)-k-O

1, n .... 0 ,

。, nJ泣,

z (2: : :k)(2:) (2k-1 )(牛十 1 ) 4n

2 , (n 注 1) , - 山十1) ( 2:)

Z C: : :k)( 2:) 斗τ到/飞/

--n xn-4En +-x n7ti--1飞

/'''l飞- , (n ~ 0) ,

_2n _ í'

k-O

n .. 2

(2x +- 1)(2x 十~)…. (2x 千 2n-1)

(x t- 1) …. . (x +吟,(n ~ 1) ,

1二叫

1I/

b且

b且

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\飞lt/

ak 吨'』

r''''EEEE-

nz… 叫1) ( 2:)

2n 2

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n LU寸吨

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2

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吨肉'』

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71 ny

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斗吨£

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LU『吨

ζ

nn h

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ζ

,rtlt

川Z川

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nn 呵'』

ft·-、

n 呵丘

吨'』

aE· n L崎

吨ζ

-'3-

Page 48: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

、11

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nn 内ζf''tEE飞

b且

向ζ

n 叫ζ

、飞EE

,,

r

kk 叫t』

VWEA nLK //FtL1、

111JQ n-27、/-z

rL-ak

。)Ln (衷: 1)

叫丁)r:)士(-1)(x:才'

(,1)KCYJ:j2时,(叮

k-=O

nγ/μ

k-=r

辽 (叫:XTJ:7 皿 2吁:) . k-O

n-,,、

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A

na 飞

JW

嘈』

8

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r

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八叫1J/

+r r 2

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叭ld,

/''iz飞

k n?/μ… A1I/ + kk

斗,

n ,,,,EEEE飞

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n+ K

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= 也r n

呵'』

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(刀(":2)

c: r)

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k-=O

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1

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rr

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平L…时-Z〕

M

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号鸟-

Page 49: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

山) Z(k:j)C+l 了十) - .L: C:tk + j :叫j.k=O k-O

5109)ZC)「;丁

5110)Z (iyn

2n - 2k 2 -Cn2:j ·

k-O

k

(2n-k) 2k

飞1IF/

&4n /,l飞

n 肉,』咱

ι

n a币,

,,‘、

>/n

\Pη

h+

叭l/

n­nrn

,告+

En

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叭1l/

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l/

kr

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n

2nnr -nt

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hw1

人州)

飞U川

+k+k

nknn ,,,SEE-J''EEE、

I''SEE飞

-K-vh-K

3jill}

、川J}

陀ZZZ

二2

rEL

4E

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ZJZJZJ

川>2: (叫二nk)C叫 :71)E(仇 1) 三 ,

k- 。

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吨,』

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nz…

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nn RJ /fft飞

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2-5 、

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、、IJ/

k nJ』

n­L

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/Itt飞

nz…

-35-

Page 50: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

12公)z (叫:)(nTm1)n艺1 十但412\

唔 (:)2 三卡 (2:) [J~l 才

n 呵ζ

叭l//

内J』-n n n

J』/FEEEE飞

、、1,,/

nk /Itt\ k

mz… 『

,t

n x 十

x 、

tte'/

n44 ,,,SIB-

k x

飞飞EES''

k44 VVA nk /'』E飞

nz… nu

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b且

4J

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111/

nk frtIE飞

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唱··

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(,1)n , j asn ,

川l//

n //,tt飞飞

吨ζ

n 吨,』

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kj

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mz川币2川

nud-叫4

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2

肉,』

1-k 飞

111J

b皿

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k nZ川

冉ζ

内ζ

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kOLU ηl/

b且

L且

+ /il

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nZ川

句4

k 嚣 O

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k

(斗 )n

- n

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(R.R.Goldberg)

hZ j .. n + 1

斗门/

Page 51: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

。。

(:r 00

(:) 2 126) Z -I ,仇杀 1) , 2n 十 2k 2n - 2k+ 1

k-O k=O

C咱

(飞) ~ (+lk 127) L 2 1 dx

τod1 - z2 91n2 x '

k=O

L C:) -Jfu1·zE J dx (+) , 1 - 2k

k-O o

BESSEL POLYNOMIALS.

9) Yn(x) = L C)C:, 1咐_) k

E F 入

?气。) 飞(x) = L k nd n

‘、.,,

x 叫ζ

,,‘、

•• ,­k 、

li1/

乱圃,

-L

n fF』』』k、、

t111ts/ nk /,,EK

K 、‘,,,

aτ··

,,E‘、

,

m(-1)n nx D

呵,』

x e

2 -x e

JACOBI POLYNOMIAIβz

1)prb) 位)z Z (r】:丁:~:)c~lrk (干Jk ,

n 、‘,,

aτ··

,,,‘、

J?J f hu

飞E

x + n 十

a x

fEftL nx D

KU

x 十

a x ,

,‘、

= 2" n'

-;7-

Page 52: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS

Definition by formula of Rodri恕les:

(3·132)PJN Jτn: (x2 - 1户,"2n!

1n terms of generating functions , c:ao

三 tn fnh)E(1-23Et 十 t2 ). 去n=O

ρ

白?/μ

n .... 0

10 terms of the Hypergeometric fUnction ,

pn(x)z 附+ 1, -n , 1; 号~)

1-1eoy Bumme. tions of the form 5:2/0 1n the 1iterature involve

pn(仆,曰nd the f、011owing table Of equivalent hrmsof pnhj may be

found of use.

(~.1~3) P (x) '* 2-n n

n x

k、11//

-n 呵'』

/,tt飞\

、飞l/

n-K /It--k

mz… - 2k

(~.1~4) 飞(叫亏~r zcl (芒-}-)kk m:::: O

15)Pn忡 ZC)C:j C; Il

-~8-

Page 53: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

n

(~. e6) 几位) - z (:)(2:) 2-k (~_ 1)k/2 ( x - (~ - 1忖k==O [才可

(}.1'7J p_(x) -= L ~:)C:) 产 rn

k-O

叫~ c:r: ::k) 2k x srxn嘀x + x-1) ' (R.P.Ke1isky)

/7(/2

窗户手 l 仇"气 +Jt)n"'0

叫z (-:X: ~J 产 c (-1川W , k-O

k qζ

x 钊Ij/

'n k f''EE、

\飞lj

nk ,

/t飞

k

o

nγLh

-L 十

万盯/syo

向1一节

wrp

()问 Pn (x) = + L, (X + Jx2 - 1ω 守主)n ,

k - 0 (valid for integral 乞> n )

-,9-

Page 54: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Integral form of L. SchlAf11:

p _(x) = ~-~~~ I u 2 Tr l I

(t2 - 1)n dt D ~. .n -r 1

2 U (t - x) ,

c ~here C 1s a circ1e counterc1ockwis6 about the point t ... x •

In genera1 one m8y define p_(x) for a11 rea1 va1ues of n. n

and relations such a8 the fo11o~ing are found:

‘ •. ,, a唱,­

b

斗A『··. ,

、,,

( n + 1 (1 - x) Z (n: 1

。r if one defines T(z)E PZ 4

x 飞,

1/

x-x +--/tart-

k =-(1-x户 L c:r .k

z cr xk ,

k-O

then the above reads f(n) E 坷-n-1)

-件。-

Page 55: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

A G即ERALIZATION OF THE VANDE~~ONDE CONVOLDTION

叫Z X+JEKzr:丁 y

y 十 (n-k)z (吃了>j 二;;二;fγ 才(contains (1.125) as special case)

MZCMKYCn寸 - Zc t: t- kZ)t-了

叫zc:丁(Yn-工) -ZC~:: , zk t (Jensen)

~.145; Z (丁才(PJ才 IC;

p + 1 I _..n-p-1 z t' • , (z - 1) ~ . t 0 三~p~n-1 ,

n+1 z - 1 • P-=D ,

z - 1 (Jensen)

(}.146) Z (X:γ;二 p rqk

(x t kZ )(y - kZ)

p(x+y-nz) 才- nxq

x(x "t- y)(y - nz) C:j · (归H恒问坤时阳叫8吨咐甲中g萨伊伊e盯enn - 1 n - 1

(:)(士刀 E 士C)Z川7} 艺nZ - n 十 k15(nz , kz) kz1

(Vnn der Corput) k=1 n (M-:7 (") .1 1时 Cj斗(d - 1) Z (dk - 2)! , (Cbu吨)

(k - 1) f (dk - k)l \ n-(cf. (7.18)) ,

k = 1

-41-

Page 56: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

ADD工TIONS TO TABLE 3

》Fh,、

111,

J

.、1112JIVE

n1) -+Y-

、J

XmL

竹叫川

/lh川

274

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rrk

·+1

J

RJn+h1s r

+mtd

'XUX+n

Ln/l

blu

e'=-r

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x

adttt

e

,hj

II/)(

,,『

4EWU

,

.X+-4d'

田口飞

J

at4t41

啊M

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-nzVHH扣儿出

lon+++n

+泣)xmmk

xi'

/ii((

/lt飞

O(

17LZ

fi<IILL--

n

23EPJ

2

k

2=.-)

Y

LEEf-F+

=飞

1iJX

zrk kk

\l/+-3\l/ kkkix

-r-mrr xaitEFX-k /

Il飞,

nk/Il

叽ll'/tt

飞趴

1l/n

+'BK+m/l

吁飞

aa

、Jk

11idr

x1xxk hJ』-'‘、

,SIZE飞

rktit-

IIEEE飞

nyLMn?JLMn2Mm2ω

、‘.,、

1

,、‘,,、‘.,

QJD12 斗

555

4 ••

寸·叮

eAt

ZJZJIJ

(…3川川川…1巧叨叨5刃切3引) :趴C:川)C二: k) = 丁士子什钊τ斗(- xm寸丁Xm- 1)

ω叫5川乌):(Jj 儿二) = (x: 丁(b;? , m=Irl

11j/

h)Z ιL4t

u·+ bhUta

fat-1+UX

-n

/fl飞飞

-ox -41hu/It--4

,

n--a+ -·工

nn

---r22 -ai22 s?V·

一--n

旦t

,""-++-+

l/-x

王h

m

、-EII,

J--

+myn s++ /d川川

xa\11/;

、1i

俨回

484E1

sn

,,Et--v

··-LA

IrsEEE、=

..

itE1kk1-

=\1.h---a 、11

』,/Y-xnx

m-JIlt/SEE-­+m/IIEU\il\l

呻..

illa--

,-

μkah+缸+

叫-uxjkk

/l

/luv/ll飞

/l

oa1c

-h\/二

nn\/μ=-YLPn?L

knkk

、.,,、‘,,,

F>

678

5FHJF

〉民

J

AB-4

,.a··A··

ZJZJZJ

可J

-乌2-

Page 57: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

~. 159) :(JfjC::)=(J: (:)(γ) n: k 扎

., h 2

、EEE

,,/

n

n

+

向d

x JIt--飞

5.160) L (_1)k (叶)nω 丁号722a ,

川61);(-1)k(:〉(nLγz:: =(4)n(nL 丁户,

川62)i ←1)k(:)(n :丁产=川 (n 2:) 产幻,

3163)i(:}( 飞2)zffif: 〉 2n也 (Carlitz)

;;16ui 叫:)( ~2) =川

\lj/ , + kn + P

/IIlt 飞飞IIIJ

Km qq) /lil飞u

no

mYLMJ

n a

--14

\ll/

4Ea

pu

+ kmE + q在

/FEEt-飞

、EEEEt''

kn pp ,,,EEE-‘飞

ny

品RJ rb

冽··

'吨J

、‘,,

r e n n ,e T B

K 1L +' nad 飞

J0·K

2JK-

'W(dh

-n

J

R

占JJJhhZY

J

叫J』

Vuqr

yxxk xr

r

、飞,

rk2 12kx +-11l/2( L且

AI

、EJ

Z+L22 、

Jn}y

、-EE

,,r

22nE yfIl

飞+23

,,IEEE

+『

ζ

-x 2+florkntlo xn

『飞、/---2

『\、,/一-­

rt2

,、

JK

dk

飞ll/=

队lj/=

takzk --'­nn 「ζnn

r''』EE飞飞

D』

KIBE-rf''SEEt-

-11·LLIll ++EK nk22 「4

『F』

'''ttt11

,,,st‘飞

n勺

LM

、‘,,

fo ro 冽l,

、J

k=O

(Brenner)

-斗3-

Page 58: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

. (3.168 )

BFFL 2 、、lj

xa rFSE飞飞

= 飞ZEE-

,,,

kk ++ xn /'SEE­飞EEE

,,,,,

k -K 4·--n x ,,SEE-、

2k + 1 n +k + 1 '

(3川川川16吻6句9 ) T (; : : )XY(「x ; k ) = ( 7) ' (3川川1η呐7mJO

(3川川川川1η171)叭川1忖) : (C; :二:)门(γ ) =(:) .

(3172)ic::) 仁++:) = (二) . …;(丁) (丁) =(丁) .

(Graham and Riordan)

(3.17鸟):(气了)(;1)=(:::) ,

(当丁 75) 二(斗(::7) 产 =(:) . n

(3.176)

k=O

n手P(3.177) 二

k=O

(3.178) 了k=O

(;;;)(;工) 2盐+1=(:::)

(JL:1)(P; 丁

( 2p : 2k)( p :丁= 2ntpr;丁户

= (γ)俨PtlMoriarty" , H.T.Davis ,et a工,

(3.177)-(3.178) are equiv.to (3.120)-(3. 121).

-乌鸟,

Page 59: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(n/2] :• 1)k (n - k\(k 飞 2山=川r{ n + 1 \

k~r \- I J \ k )~ r J 飞 2r + 1)

(Marcia Ascher)

。[乞 )k afK(n : k) ( :) 2n-2k-1 ♂( :r) (companion-piece to (3.179)

- these are inverse Moriarty formulas -

t> 2)

E1tI''

4t

x+

a

/rttt飞

= 、、EE--EJ

k

x-

n

IIl-‘‘,E·E·-,,

kt ++ xk ,,SEEE、

kk 、.,,、‘,,

4 ••

AE

,,、,.、。咱』

n?JL=tyL=

krLK

、.,,

(Brill)

2b + 1 )(38 +

2b +

= (_1)b (2a + 2b + 1)!(2b)! (a + 2b + 1)!b!(a + b)! a

+ a ?」

//l飞

b 、.,,

At ,,‘、

= 2b + 1飞(勺/ c: 丁

(A. Brill , Math.Annalen , 36(1890) ,361-370)

ere 2t = 3a + 2b + 1

Discussions , proofs , extensions by Gould , Mathematica Mononga工iaeNo. 3 , August 1961)

1切:(叫 :ì 乙 :;1= 川

-鸟5-

Page 60: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE .4

SU}.1l1.ATIONS OF THE FORM S 11/1

n (:) (~ ) (n: 1) ,1) 二 x+1 ...

C:) x - z + 1 e: 1) (:十~)k - j n + 1

n

Z川C)(b:k\-c

(b ~ c > 0) 1.2) ' n+c (nu) (b:k) (R. Fr1sch)

b - c

n n

L 川C) (xyuZC)(x-KF{1·HK) n-k y

I.~) , y 十 k

(Y:k) k=O

|月二(叫:) k g 1 ZCIB; (γ)(4;7kzo

E Sr (x),

rk 叭l//

+ /III\ rz… -

叭l/

1

一-Tn

-/'『tt、

1.5) -n x wh1ch 1s (1.42) again. s 1(n)E 2(2n , 1) , SO(x) =

x+n

n (:) 1.6) Z 2x+ n + 1

1:

(n+2x) 的k=O k+x (2x + 1) L -x

2n + 1

i.7) Z k(缸k tnH 十 2')k=O

k t- x

-乌6嗣

Page 61: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

~.8 )

斗 .9)

4.10)

、、,,,

aEE' ,、.. -B

M句·

4. 12 )

k 1 当)

、‘.,,

LH『

a、.. . ,

""可

2: (-1 )k c:) 飞l

F/

E

KEES--

内ζ

-tf/-

n-+IMA 4'n-xaa

皿句ζ

x-It

』1飞

iI1·

xx 内ζ,,a··Et

~ (:) hofn;1)

÷仁(:)hO(2ni1)

-= 2

n =2

n + 1

民l/

-T+ 飞

IF/-mx

hn

可几

工'n

-x -JrtEE、

n 2k 20 n z _1{-1 ( :) 2 Z Z = 2

k (2~) k k

k a2 1 k =: 1 k -= 1

n

L (_1)k l :) 2k 2

=:

(2: ) 1 - 2n

kEO

L (:) (k: r)

-Z(n;7xk

.. C: r)

n+ r (x 千 1 )

n

(2k+1)j1+(-1)n+kj pk(X)

I n+k 手 1\(n-K+1)2k 十 1( 2

OLh

-乌7-

n ... x

'

Page 62: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Lt+2} (川)Z 川 2k n 牛 1

-…回- ' rEK 5 e:j k-O n 斗 k

n (工)寸「 4k +1 2k > 2 -刀

L.-J

C: 十 :k)2D 十 2k + 1

k-O n t- k

n

Z 川(:) n 千 1'回.. '

c+叶? 了 :tfk....O (2k 斗 1)( k

ITh1s may be rewritten as an infinite series actue l1y:

1 二二工 1 牛 (1吨)(2-n)1 + n 步'

. . . . . 1 (2-电… 2D 7 2 --‘万.4n 1 1 小· -(2D-1川'

(H_ F. Sandham)

'l 1 十 2号(:)h1(x:or; 与 ( 2:)

R(x) 主 o

1) 艺 (·1)YDK2\- 0 ,川ed 1 <以 2n - 1 , , o //k十叫 p being i

号(:)、 kx/n主 c + : -k) … +12(ijj3121;四)~------------~~-.

U ( ~) 名气 (71+1 ).1

- 乓(足协) (Jlt 't) … (~oI 2") ((j. 1 1:-王《例忖 1:; /J.• 1J1 廷4吁沙只

一川

饥艺阳

-斗8-

Page 63: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(件 .22)

(乌 .23)

(鸟 .2勾)

(乌.25)

(斗 .26)

(乌 .27)

(4.28 )

(乌.29)

ADDITIONS TO TABLE 4

:川k

2,(叶

I (-1

:川k=O

(:) (:r C)(:: y1 =

(:) (二 S1

C)Cn~ T1 =

(:)( :)自1

:)(:f =

J( :f 1) (:f

-- 2n +丁n + 1

., n cu =

1- (-1)n 1 2 n二7τ":"'" +

= u n - ?

n T

-宁

n 、‘,,

列E·

,,E、

n

ndq 『ζ'1-2

'+-+ -Ea rlJ11、

= v , n (-1 )nT

n

自- 丁 + (-1)n 1 z 斗- n -.n

1 + 1

-四-- • n

42 -e n

B =

= C = B - A n n n

nn llkA 『J』?』

n--+-n -nn-

fId--L

n B n

、、•. , 列i

,,.、

= n D =

(UO);(-1)k(:)(x;k)-2 X

x +卫

The first of the above eight sums arises natura工ly in a stat土sticalprob工em; it amounts to the evaluation of the moments of a certa土E

distr土bution. (Gould)

this is a 工so listed as (1. 鸟2) (because of intimate relation with (1.41)). This is a1so r = 0 主n (ι 的.

-件9-

Page 64: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 5

SU~~TIONS OF THE FORM S10/2

00 h

1.1 ) Z -~ 2 k2 (k: n)2 k - 1 k - 1

n 2 n+1

f 1-z4z·p. 飞1 z ~(D +.1) Z (:k)士'-(:Y 2n 牛 5fn+2) k 属 o

n +- 1 k.... 1

(Tor B. St&ver)

-50-

Page 65: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 6

SUMMATIC5S OF THE FORM S "/0

、-飞11'/

k •'

zn 吨,ι-z

/it飞

飞11t

』/

-m 斗­

xn qLE

X

,,,EEEE

飞11tt

,,r

nk nζ

/It--‘、

k

hz…

2) L (叫 20(2:::1(2::;Jj

.,, ,

z

.,,.-、,r

』,,,

z-x 句ζ-

,t、

-a,-

n • (Fjeldstad)

川llIJ

2n 牛'+

zz nt ft11·L 飞

IBI--J

n 2n ++ '鼻

X

句ιvvλ

nn 呵ζ

ff』''飞

n (什: t 'n)

C~γ: 2j ,

~'or 1n the symmetrical form

η 叫iv

牛'十

pp ,,EFt-

、、11

tI'

PK T+ nn ftI1t 、、11·l,

J

nk f

mm /Fsz-k rkm m

γρ←

...-'m+nT 'D )1 mf nf Pr

, (Th. Bang)

的li/

h

X UVEA户

nn nt rIt--k n 们

1j/

-n x ,

Is--

、EE--J

xn fIII-L \飞lJF

-U圃'

xn

内FM

I''『t1

、、EEEESJ

XK ,,rtzl·飞

、飞llj

nk 呵'』

/It--、

b且

nu

hOLh

;) .L_ (_1)k C) (:)C : k) - ('~J -x.二}~川 )n ,

-z 叫:)(丁川仁).hz RJ

、飞1

』』/

nk 呵'』

/ft-l bι

、.,,

aE· ,,‘、

-RJ

nFafe RJ-n ,,‘、.

" 、.,,

,,‘、

\l'/ nn zJ fIlE1

、飞11lj

nn qζ

,,EEE-飞

n ‘,,, A哩,

' (A.C.D1xon)

k=O

-51-

Page 66: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

b且

向J』ni!

、J

41m 十盹

hvd ky阳w

b且x 川11/

+k /tgEE‘飞

、11i/

b且』且

吨,』

uvnn尸

nk

内4

!l/flLl

吃σLN

』且vd' 』

且\1l』/

nk /Ittt飞

n?μ川

18 ) 兄9

c :)'叶2k …~ , ..- _ • (x ~ 11.刃. (Dougall) k) X 啊..X

XJ f/ 2

刊叮

<U 、,,,口

'x‘

m

nED

a'''

自灭J

引引

人飞?卜

"-2 ZJ 、1IJJ/

xk /Il1、

K JZ…

\10) 卖了/-xy ip. 但L)! (宅L)!/μ1 二土生

f70\k J X 1r X (-X;1 )尸吨,』

11ltf/

nn 内ζ

/ttlL 川ll/

吨ζL

nn LUT呵'』

/,,,,FEEt

k飞ltu,

叫ζV

n-K 吨'』

/,

IEEEL b且

hz…

川lj/

fr n

呵'』

ll/MMH

2.-J

nJJnr

.,

/Iυ/(

n'r

一曲门

I/

rk-n

,电

d

--内,ι

ST-x

,

-z

•fn

.叫

l//y

?Z/IL

--BIttJ

A-r

,他,『,"

趴·l/~"·Ifl-

2kdFdM

咱飞

斗-LMF'E

---K.

同J』

nn

飞Etlt

f

2-nkj ,

Vuλh/lL

KK

i\11/

A

,,ESEE飞

bE同

A儿

U川八

!/nk

nkn JIltLJ''tl飞

/lttL

K)

占J

飞i/

11xk r

r

/I11飞

nZ

川的2γz…

Ij/

X4J /IItL 川li

川J

中''

/IIi飞

r \飞lIIJ

L且

xr /III-飞

1111ff

-r j4' 中tk

x /I'ttEEL \飞ll/

n-K ,

I'

』l

.k

nz… RJ''

「ζ

民J

Page 67: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

j16)Z (4CYEtiYC::;:)=(-1)rctD门'

17) L ( 气十γ:二川::) -(:)(:). . (Nanjundiah

:.18) L (X: 比 ::1)(:::)EC;:::)( 叶:丁,

,.19) .L:J:) ( :)( X r : : : -) - c: γ刀, (叫主)

i怡山削20划o叼) Z (-1护i

罩 Z<叫::13( 飞)C寸,

、叮/

叶n

一叶/

,但

l飞-4'n

\EE/-x

2nn-ry· 飞

ll/2

一』tt

n44JFik-/''ft飞.

(-K EXTT 、

112/-x

b凰

4J

肉,ι

/dM1·、飞

tlj/

\1|J/K k'n Bn

n

n2 句ζr-fJ'

』'''飞

J1

飞飞

12/

飞』

/nk

nk2 /lt飞

rFIt-

-KK nZ川nz…

4『句

ζ

吨ζ

呵,』 '

-53-

Page 68: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Z (-1 )k (2:)广丁 2n 十 1 (丁气?í.2~) ~ (-1)~ l kJl n - ' 2n + 1 + k (如: 1) k=O

Z (-1 )k C:)( 2川r 2n+ 1 - 1 1.24) 6 (-1 r.l k Jl n ,

2n 千 1-kk-O

叫l/

+n n 肉'』

''''EEEE

l

,/

tm 'n

内,』

n L

崎旷VA

nk 吨,』

/IIt飞

b且

缸中/JU

-dk 、11EFF'

bA

n 吨'』'"

//tl、

冉Jh

\III/ nk 内ζ/

Ft』1、

k

nu

nO/μh

内ζ­州l

/

,·丁,/--2 .n-

川l/hu--r

'Tn/it-h 12

叭lJ7'飞

22z-,

ftitra--

、-

叭lj/JJ

-n­

ZJ'E

n h崎

m

r''tf1L 、‘EE--F2

nk11

,』,/

2ra /fi、

2k

占Jnn

128

a

rV

/i

\lir

『,,,,

F-Luh&-­

nrJ-z2M ,‘,

ιkft

』1ts

罩、占

Jr

-LU

。可

口了一口n

F、

dkc

h

6-w , (Cerlitz)

k=-n (叫:)2(:127);三

川l/

+j n r'It『EK

、、-tt

』,,,

naJ J''『』飞

\Iυ

bι-

n

/jt』ttk

nζ 飞

、tlEFI

nk JI''BEE-

nz… au

")2(-1)KO2(2:::)s(-1严飞-1)nL;y:与丘L ,( ~X)

-5件-

Page 69: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

内丘、

、,Eta

,r

xn /lt飞

、Ett

,,

I'

k

n

+2 x ftstE飞

吨ζ\

111』/

nk /'''1飞

n?L O ZJ ,

hu , (Thls ~nd the next tWD formulas ere essentiel1y the one g1ven 1n 汩的h. Rev. , V.17(1956) , pp.65,-4~ k=O

吨,』

11fF/

xn rIts-飞

11lfI/

-M mb

n­-n x nJι

/Iit飞

叫ζ、

、EE

1/

n "-vh x ,Itl飞、

nOL ZJ fhu

k-O

少』

1ltF/

n 十

n

x JItEE飞飞

1ltI/

b皿

nn 22 4I X //flt\ 内J』、飞11

』/

nK Ifttt飞飞

nz… 同

ζ灭J , (Meth.Rev. ,V.18(1957) ,p.4)

(Known to Le Jen-Shoo , 1867)

:6." )

tit-/

k

注+

呵'』

b且

-//tl\ n

飞飞

lI/

呵'』·.,

i1

•lk

--Jn b且

4JI''tEE

fftt1、

hB,,、

1112F/

1/nk

kk/· 内J』

JISEE飞

fttlk 飞

111/η

nk·

吨'』,

t、

Jft』EE飞

、•... J--16 吁

勺乙hn?μ

叭叫I/

-n n 呵'』

It's-E、

、11t

』,/

nHaEM­-FEEt飞

E

:6::列)2D - 2k

2

k o:: O

-EEB-』,/

川】2

//Il飞

川山2

f'',,I

EE飞

〈 -1) 步 (-1)j2

(Generelizetion of (6.~5) )

6.~5) ~ (-1

21 、

1iIJU

nAMA

nT

/fl飞

L

nE rt

、-呵ζ

li/

1-

主gk

VHnf

k-K 呵Jh

n

n pvun

itnk ilt-//tL akk

/Il

飞斗

dlt/( tiinu

叫Jn?Lh

iu川

h

nk2 /IE

飞=k-O

内lIIJ/

2n fff』!

E

111/

轧匾

+k n ,,,『tEE1

、飞!/

nk 句ζ4

·Jt11、

k ,,‘、

hZ川

、‘,,

r。

ZJ ,。

-55-

Page 70: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

吨ζ\

11』

1/

'如n

fI··』EE飞

lI/

k 中'n

nJ』

n 只J/

Itt飞

向J』\111I n-k fJt11

nOL

… ?t z/

,

;, ;:8) L ( 斗 )k(: )-;LnxfL寸 』凰-内ζ

-一+

n-k nζ-

E 川

(2n - :n+ 2n)

,

\// 「JιJE飞

J

k ffL …

汀…

n (-1 )

2·n12

三C/ -coer 川 in (1 - x2)n Pn (叫(6 .~9)

(6.40) 认叮l/

内ζ-r VVAHh LK

叮/』

-n n nJι

川VEA

nK IF-SEE飞

k

飞hEJrt

、、,

恰?L」

→♂

x n

p-rx

nu

(Cer1itz)

n - 2k - r x

(6 们);←d (:)(丁γ; 二 b丁=川(:) bn

(Gou工d; special case a 0 , b = 2 , x = 2n suggested by Samuel Karlin)

‘‘11t

』,

f

、-B

』,,,

ddd

+

++cd aca /,

FEt--/FEEt-K 飞

1jd\tl叫

a-ac

+

/lh

,ih

--= 、ZEE

,,,,、

EE--,,,

kckc ++++ abab J'SEtt飞/,

SEE-E飞

、11』,

1

、飞BEt-

dk

c-c-

kd

/,,EE--tSEEE-­

飞飞EE--

,、飞

ZEE-F

bkbk ,,ll

/''EE飞

?}Lkh\/UK 飞EJ

、.J

?」之

J

L

L『

.. rbζU

Jt、,,.、

-56-

CM.T.L.Biz工ey)

(Bizley)

Page 71: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

ADDITIONS TO TABLE 6:

(6 件的 tc)r:::k)(m+:_J=(:)( :).(R叫)

(6 句) ,t (:)(n:J(气: : k) = (:) ( :) .' (Ri 叫

(6 届):(:)(;)(X+:::-k) 平 ;γ: n) .

(6. 每7)

n?LW 、

11j/

Z +n y /''t11 、-EE

,,

J

Z +r r J''''1

= 飞飞EE

『,,

n -k z­+r r ff』t11

、飞EElsJ

K zk +m yn + r JFEEt飞

、‘-EEB-

YK IFtst飞

(equiv. to formula posed by H. L. Kral工)

(6 崎)仨)吵了;二 1)(X: 丁了: k) = (:)(:) •

(extension of formula of David Zeit工in; equiv. to formula of Surányi.)

(如斗9县一口-2k

k .1 \ k (( 6.20)-~ '"芒,兰二eel (MacManõñ)

飞飞EEBEJ

na ff-­、EEE,,

EE''

as--n a 「ζ,,,』EEE飞

\Itts/ ka J'tEEEtt 飞飞111jk

n­nζ-

a

r'''EE--\EItl' 4t ak + k ,,,,EE飞

n?LM 飞·'

O FhJ fb ,,‘、

(C. Van Ebbenhorst Tengbergen , 1913)

(6.51 ) n?乙时

n

+ X JFEEl-

= 飞11

』,,

k + rr ++ aa + X JrEEEEE1 \EEESJ rk /

lat-飞

、-KEEF-

nk ''''EEE飞

n + γ+ : + r) (Contrast with (6.19) (Gou工d)

(652);(ufk)(二 k) C : k) = (丁 γ; 丁,

-57-

Page 72: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 7

SU1制ATIONS OF THE FORM S 12/1

(:) t: Z) 们 (n)k

k/ (:) (:)

(叶:+")气丁) ' 川斤。 k)\ kJ (寸z(寸7

o <_1)niX : j ( :) (刀

17.} ) Z ofO E

<_l)k (:) (X:) ( :X)

、‘.,,

L

斗. 哼,t

( n?户户k c: 0

2n (x _ n)! 、/-n:-

(X - n/2 月( -n/2- 如f

ft) ( 0 。~ j< n ·阳嗣.

n

Z (叫:) =:: (7.5 )

(。n n 2n x

j - n , (叶 r- 2 k 黯 O

(2:)

(7.6)

kvl/ n

们/主

.,

礼川

.. I/

内J』

4J

甲吨'』

+→一\tj/

nnMFatu--内ζ-

叫ζ

」.

/IIt飞-r'It--t

2k 2

(7ui(d(:)(;) 了丁丁a ••

、11EE

,,

J

4t yn +飞

J

xh /,『,』『E飞

+LW

u

.‘、EE

,,,,,

12 -nk yr

J'ISBEE--、、EEEESE

F

AB--n x ,,,,EEt飞·

n 、、,,

at ,,.、

=

Page 73: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

( ~:) -4n 2:)C:) 2 , -

(2:) , .7) L (-1 户 c:)c:

(n~) 产k c: 0

Z 川(才)( 2:) 2k+ 1 '.8 )

(n: k) (叫 k + 1) k=O

n -22n(…-j. z (-1)k(:f:J

2k 7..9) 2

(:k) (2叶1)k - 0 (节(叫1)n

Z • l)k C)(":) 2k n 7.10 ) 2 ( -1)

IC:

C:k) (2叶 1 ) 2n 卡 1k=O

n (22:) 三川k(:r :J 2k

7.11 ) 2 n - (-1)

(:k) 川) x( :J k=O

n 2k n

7.12) Z (-1)。(:k) (n+k)

〈可 n\ / -n - 1 \ 1 _ . n 寸、 n,\ 2 7 .1~)ζ-' l ,. JI. '- } f. , ., = ( -1 r" r /

T ~ \.k J\ n -k) fk 十 ι.J '-kl k 十 rk==O . J k=O k

QJ RJ

Page 74: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

14) L 、11j/

-K-K 【ζ,

,,』a··.、

、11EEt-'

-k

h+ n

fFft11

Illl-/ 1, '2k ++ nn n

ζ

/fi--\ =(_1)n

产( -~/4)

(忡1) C:) k = 0 (2n 十 2k + 1)

k

) L(:)( 丁 ~k\ 2 jtx k) (γ) t-: 1

...

\1jJ­r-

一、111/

-n

zn

一ι'n

-x

一/fi飞

XM /t『1、一 Z -21jJJ n

j =: 1

飞叫1l/

1

一十k

-f''』l飞、

}飞

1111/

nk fIIt--L bA

nu

nzh 一-

(rn)f 2

(rn - n)f (rn 世 n)I

n n m

117) L z+-z+ , (mJ注 n) , = 2

( :)k k -= 1 k =: 1 k = 1

n ((j'1)n) z (:) (j - 1)k j - 2 n~ 1 (Equiv. to 8 forn川a,18) =

1 - j of K. L. Chung)

(~: ) jk - 1 <3.1 斗8)k-O

:: -1 for n = O.

2n (可 n + x : y - jen : 2j z kC:X叩丁,19)

k 凶 (2;:3 (XDCO(2::3 J k=O

-60-

Page 75: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Meny closeà ex~ressions for sums of the form S&2/1 ere known from

the theory of the Hypergeometric 负lnction.

Definition: QQ

(-Dtuzk (7.20) F( e , b , c; z) - Z (-1 )k

C:) k... 0

where e ,b ,c ,z ert complex numbers.

(7 .21 )

'~7 .22)

(7.2,) n

.(7.24)

(7 .25 )

,川 (c - 1)! (c - a - b - 1)! F( a , b , c; 1) _

(c • e - 1)! (c - b - 1)!

兰cηn'k

nJ』、

.,,

x n .、­

s 呵'』

,,,‘、

了。

IC才 1) ("气-j01

k == 0

C吨2

n LC.γyn/2k k :a:: 0

。。

艺(-n/2k-i)( 的: i) k=O

R(c)) R(e+ b) ,

IC cos nx (n reel , IX/4 衍'2 ) ,

-飞

111/

-U

b且

k2 2 1i/tl

x-n-

J1

·唱&-4B

,,-

hv←ι1

mx --,‘阿

-za--、

kn-2 呵ζ』-,

1、

内/』-,

咽'-

a e r

sin nx 11:

cos x

1

一‘111/

千·一业

k

缸-Il‘-KA

X

』、

JT

4··

-m一个

μ「

SE-x rLki­-内

ζ

k-r

冉J』-,

内ζ-

Aa e r

- sin nx

bh 内Jι、

‘,,

x n .­eu 内丘

,,,、、

cos nx "'" 11fJ/ kk

/tts2·L cos x

(n re e. l , I 斗 ι1 )

-61-

Page 76: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

~6)

∞OLU

〈←川川E斗卅4衬1η甘咐)川户k门《 C. -丁: -!) - (a 十 b -告)! (-告)!

(8 -告)! (b- 主>! '

(e +- b +告'" 0 , -1 , -2 , . • . )

‘,,,, 『,1

肉''』 I

F--t

1lJ/

2k -E-t』』,,

2·K JL

nu

∞勺Lh

2·k

叭llj/

kubuh

4干F(8 t- b).') 1

I (b -去)! (8 - 1)!

(巴专 b + 1 笋 0 , -1 ,-2 , • . .)

z:::…

8 - b

‘ •. ,, nRMF

内JFh艺 (-斗叫1

c:) (b - n! (-去)! 2' - b

(8/2 + b/2 - 1" (b/2 -8/2 ... 告)!

(b 1: 0 , -1 , -2 ,...)

7.49 )号 4C:JC~:)= 1 /叫号 r: 1) L K/n飞 x +丁~ nJ 乙 (y ,

) (:) _ ( :l ~-. l k)

= x - y

called Capell土 's relation by Harry Bateman , Notes on Binomial Coe~ficients.

Replacing x and y by x/z and y/z and multiplying through

by Zn , then let尘土ng z -• 0 , this gives the limiting n 寺、 k-丁 -k , n n

f。m yu 之, x~-'y-~" = (x&J._y~)/(x_y). Cf.(11. 的, (11.5).

k=1 -62-

Page 77: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

.29)

.~O)

‘,,, 4·a RJ . 1

1.~2 )

Definitionl

可-= F( -川 n t j 川 'JZO(斗)k(2:)fD J ,

R; 配 F(- 2n - 1 ,去, 一川1l/

-4f 4,

-4Jb

一中

-,fJIlt、L

KJV ,I,,,,,、

川川l//

+k b且

川Z

…千吨

Then theee sums setisfy the recurrence reletions

,工+

吨'』-

-41 十一n

n-句4-

nt sn _ _ ~ 5~ + 'R~ j+1-7Wj , 'l\ j ,

2~n t- 2j 千 1

n f- j -t 1 自~ R~ 十 s~ 千 1

j t- 1 ".- j I - j - 1

Some apeci s. l values of thesesummations ere 88 follo 'W 81

r.~~) 5~1-~' (n~ 1)

、,,,

h

斗咒/ s;E1 , (n :;::二 0) ,

'.)5) 5~ _ n t- 1 1 2n 千 1

'.;6) 5~ _ ;(n 千 1)(n 十 2)2 - ,

2(2n 十 1)(2n +~)

'.,7) s;a(n+2)(n 千 ~)(11n + 10

4(2n千 1)(2n 手- ~)(2n 手 5),

'.~8) n (n i-2)(n 千~ ) (n .t 4)( 4~n -1 勿}54 -

8(2n 十 1)(2n + ~)(2D 't- 5)(20 千 7),

, .;9) Rn4 -= -.2n+L , (n 注 1 ) -, n

问) R~." -1 , (n ~ 0)

由63-

Page 78: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

.41 ) n R1"- 0 ,

.42) n+2 , .‘,咽4 ‘'

'-;:2n +~)

.4~) 二(n 卜 2)(n + ~)

ι',"'" 4(2n' r~)(2D 十 5)

.44) R4 _ 21(n 十 2)(n+ , )(n 千 4)

8(2n 十~ )(20 + 5)(2n +- 7) ,

.与)

'.46)

'.47)

F(-n 告 j川 )EZ川

I .2j •. _ 2 C~) 人(… lì x) . (1 - 4z 川 ,

hιJ/

呵,』bk{

+·'+ /JIf--、飞11tl

nk JFFttt

o

n?Lh

-、E

,/

7''1lL -2k .. _ k .. .' _ n - k 2 ~~ (4z)- (1 阳也) 晶'

(These relations , (7.29) - (7.47) eppear in a paper by the author ~endi鸣 publ ication.)

t (~)+(;; ;) -n - k I X+ y + 1 -k=1 , (R.Lagrange) Ix + y - k\ X + Y + 1 - k

k=O ,-\ n I

l7. 斗9) - See page 62.

人乌8)

-6件自

Page 79: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 8

SUl.1J;:ATIONS OF THE FORM S 11/2

(8. 1) 2>叫2:)

'门广γ?

-65-

Page 80: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 10

SU阳ATIONS OF THE FORM S .11,/0

L

叶、11』

F/

XK JFSSE-飞

0

1Lh x 斗 2k s10 ~x (-2X)/

arx(-xyz , (7. <告)(Dougall) x

2) Z (:)\·÷ZOA , (Dougall / Staver)

k==O k-O n n k

?Z (;yzZ (-1)k(;ynjZM(:)2门'k-O k-O jeO

Z (_1)k (}:~ }n n- ky ~(::){ 2:) 14) / I (-1) k ̂ n J \ 2n J \ n k-=O

Z (_1)k Cn: 1) (川)~5) 2' ( -1 ) k l ~ -- ~ -J l ' n k-O

n 十 r k 1 飞 PWW

k 配 o j 1: 0

þ) z k ( -1) 、

11』

F/

r

nu·

n

i'ft1飞

9.

飞,,lj

k

,,ttzs't

mJ』、

、1'''

n4J /JIlt-、

KZ川

(0 , n ". r

!1 , n-r , zoy: 丁

',8 )二(_1)k 二C f(k: Y = (-1)了。)L217)n1千 2·1)r

1'

《川V''

' Z。 (;)A _ coef. of xn -;;(1-x巾 , (Car l1tz)

Page 81: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 11

SUJrnUTIONS OF THE FORJ.1 S I当/1

‘ •• , aE· . a

咽··

,电··

,,.、

ic) (:) (k: r) 。 c+: 丁

L (:r Cn +::丁( 11.2)

(11.3)

、飞EE

,,白

k-

z-

℃11

J

n-2

,,,E·E·-『-+

11F-vuk

yk-

-+

,,SEE--

-EA

、EEEa,,--

xk-it1 ''''za、-

nyLM

(x+γ7 亿::)

(叫:寸'

(叫1) cn :, (飞?a::

' 20 + 1

--

、,,,,'­

膺'-

-、飞,,/

+n-z y-+ /I1、

-ya

EEl--+

z-

EX

+B

一,,,』

t‘、

X

,,tt

飞甲

(equiv. to a formula of H.L.Krall)

TKEJ/ 圄a1.

-+k

『n

-/JSE飞\

飞飞BEar

yk /ftl飞

、EElsF

XLAi--rrtt'111 仇}/y+

-a k

注/寸、

--、飞

EBB­

at

yn

x+

+

n

xI''Et

''''t1、、

(11 .的 L (_1)k k

at-at

+ n

x - y ' F -

--Harry Bateman (Notes on B土nomial Coefficients)

The limiting case of this , when we_r穿place x by x/z and y by y/z.and multiply through with zn+l~ 工et~ing z 一亏~Ois precisely (1.60). Bateman does a sim土工ar thing wi th a series of form S:2/1. The result suggests ana工。gies between power relations and binomial sums.

(11.5)

、EEE

,,

f

a·--4t

k­-K Y­+n x r'SEE--、

、EE·E·''

yk ,,,,『EE飞

、11EE,,

XK J''It1、

k 飞,J

AB-J·、

n?yLM EEEEE

,J­

ya­-Its-飞-

'-飞、‘E』,

1-

xn­JFF『K飞一

n -­T112/ -A' --K -n 』,,,EEE、、

1

x - y

Ba teman , Notes on Binomia工 Coefficients.

-67-

Page 82: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 12

SUMHATIONS OF 四E FORM SI2/2

C:>O (气 27)( 12 .1) 1 十 2

二 C) (:) - ' (丁γ

valid for R(x t y) > -告

(12.2) 1 十 2 L Ht (:丁( :) (X:k)e!j

lIIl: , C:y) va 1id for R(叫 y)美·告

(12.~) Z -lll/

飞飞lF/一1

xk

一十

k

/t

一户ll

-、飞飞''』,,,

11/-k

nk

•+k

fri飞

-n

E 告气 1 十

At/-2 2

一叭11/

fh

一十n

x-x 27Ilk frit-飞… ,

(12.5)

(:) (:) (n ~γ :j

Z (n ~) (, j z 二二jin 仁 :D~o C- n:X-':j

nOL k

、‘,,,

a、,,

,,.、、

(Y!J

-叭lJ

1

一十n

-/'11飞

牛J

C}f//、

'言(12.4)

k... 0

-68-

Page 83: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

的 Z (:Y 2k + 1

CT: +) 2 2k. 2 (n-k+1

k

.. 2D + 1

、飞-tsj

n

勺/r

4k + 1 11:

cγγ24k( This moy be rcwritten in the form

n (J: 扩.5) Z

(件k + 1) .2 4k

(…) k-O n+k

(2n 千 2k 斗1)2

n (:) C: 丁ε.9)

(X : k)(X + Y + : + n + 1) k=O

=

nrk 1 宁 (-1 )

2

4n T 1

注-k

y-wJ

Harry Bateman (notes on bin~mia工 coefficients) ; see Gould , Duke Math.J. , 32(1965) , p.706.

1

了;丁

1-uh

,

-69-

Page 84: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 16

SU1<1MATIONS 'OF THE FORl-1 S :4/1

-::.. ~j

(-1 )k C :)( x : ) (: : k)(: ~ :) (16. 1) 2 (:) k :0: 0

22n (γ)(E丁~)n - (-1) ,

(Equiv. to e result of Beiley.)

;二 k (可川丁t:::n)(飞丁(16.2) /, (-1) e. +kH b 斗 kJ\ c-{ (2: 千 :jk .., 0

d 千 k

n (2e 千 2n)! (2b 十 2n)! (2c 十 2n)! (n 手 d)! (2n).' d/ a:: (-1γ

低, (8 t- n)! (b +- n)1 (e 千 n)! (2d t 2n)! (8 + 2n)!

(a 十 b 专 ~n)! (e 千 c +- ~n)l (b +- c 千 ~n)/

(b 斗 2n)! (c + 2n)! (巴千 b 手 2n)! (e + c 手 2n)/ (b 昔 c+ 2n)!

~ith e , b , c reel end ~here d IC e 斗 b+ c .沪,n

(Equiv81~nt to 8 formule of W. A. Al -S 81e.时

(1602(:)(; 〕(njJf:11(:Y=「 ;7(y;7(H.L. Krall)

-70-

Page 85: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 17

SU阳,~TIONS OF THE FORM S 1~/2

、‘,,

aE· . 咱,•

... 三(叫-z)(:) (:) kl e+:可 e 十:+k)

= {X + z)! (y +z)! (z/2)! (x + y + z/2)!

(x ,+ z/2)! (y+z/2)! (x 中 y 斗 z)! z!

(17.2) 三( : ) fx 4-~:) ( :)

(x+7+n)(": )

for R(x 斗 y +功)> (~心a11 / D1xon)

(叫: t n) (y +: + n) .:;

c: 丁(叫 y:叫 n)(Saa 1schðtz )

~17.~)

w勺乙k-O

Let

(-告)!(z- 告)!(x+;-1)f(z-x +;+1),frw&1

(弓J.)!(与1)1 (z- 斗斗! (z -号1)1 、 ,

仰,y) - (1 - z产叶子 (_1)k (1 ~ 2X)( - X ~告)(yγ号 zkι~ 0 (* ~ x) (- Xγ- i)

-

(17.4 ) k=O

and then it follows that f(x ,y) _ f(y ,x) (Bailey.)

)夺(_1)k _(飞)(-2:) (_x:) f=i t27、 (-x叼

zk ~ f (J: )(丁)?了?

2

z '

(Th. Clausen)

-71-

Page 86: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(21.1) Z (_1)k

TABI且 21

SUMMATIONS OF THE FORM s.6/0

L

崎EIBEE

,/

nn ZJnJ

/IJIt飞

、-BEES,

f

n

n

冉'』

,,tltE

n 、、,,

A咽··

,,a‘、

E

ZJ

、、11'/

b且

-n n ZJ /It--\ ZJ

、11i/

nK ZJ ,

ISEEEE飞

2』

内,,

'

Page 87: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE22

SU阳~TIONS OF THE FORM S 15/1

(22.1 ) Z 时 一叭l/

-呵'』

4·-+K EA-

7f飞

k/ +k au /it--L \飞iyb

ι

+ en 冉

ζ.

/Iluv \飞i/

ban + bn

呵,』.

i同ω

/JI飞

飞飞11

J

LM + an

肉,』.

E

rrftlE

\11/ hk /'』EE、

(2a) f (2b)! (2c)! (n + d)! (2的! (n + a 手 b)!- (-1)

州 (n +8 )t (n 十 b)! (n +c)! (d 手- 2n)! a{ b! c!

(n 寺 a -f c)! (n+-b 手 c)!

(a 令 b>! (a + c)f (b +c)! • '

where d _ a + b + c

By use of the 1dentity

ck) (γ丁

(γ)(2:::丁

and the reøult 1s tabulated under that headin,. Special C8ses

可iUW

RJ fIiL 、飞EEF/

bh +k n EJ flttL J\j hk /

'E·E·、

bEm

hz… 呵

ζ冉ζ

ZJ 、飞EE

,/

nn zJ /ttttk

n 、,,

aτ··

,,‘、

E (知)! (2n)! (刑, nf '

-73-

Page 88: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(2~.1) )~

TABLE2~

SUMlt.ATIONS . OF TIÆ FORM S ,4/2

飞川一刻!/

vd··--U

n

由y­

fttE飞-中'n

、-EE--x

-K-'-

x--||i

n-·、11itJ'

IIl

Z2

\飞--J

一­

YLEvek vvn一-T

xk-x /I飞一/tlh

(2:)( 2:) ( x: 7)

Cx : 才(气 -j(Follows from(17δ) .)

-7乌-

Page 89: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 21占

SUMMATIONS OF THE FORM S :~I:当

国 kC) ( :) ( :) 十 27/7,1(·1) (γ)C门口7

(x+;才

C:Y) c:) ==

,,,.-、,,

飞,

-x

z-

一斗

4'一-z

y-rt zy x-z (-+ ''一

y

z-rk vw-vw f·

一十

x-x

,

ve lid for R( x 十 y+z)> -1 (Doúge. ll)

(The 8uthor shows in e pener ewaiti吨 publication , that this

reletion implies FjeldEtad's relation - (6.1). )

T

-75-

Page 90: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE ~1

SUMY.ATIONS OF THE FORM S .4;'

(~1 .1 ) 何?/]

( _1)k c:可 +k- 〉(;)(;)(;)k J C+:才cγ丁C+:+jk-O

R"

(x 十 c>! (y -卡 c)! (z + c)! (x 和 y +z 手 c)!

(y 十 Z 十 c)! (z 啡-x +c)! (x+-y 千 C)f cf ' (DougeU)

ve11d for R(x -+- y +z 千 c) > -1 ,

:~1.2) jfcx- 1 : '/2)( :)(- :) -

1· 飞,,­

z-a'' ,‘‘.,

--z x--,,E‘、,-vd·

.,,·-‘‘ .. ,.四

ve--x

--Ft

X

二,,,

r

-x

B

(Beiley)

-76-

Page 91: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE 71

su阳ATIONS OF THE FORM sI6乃

One of the m08t gener81 identit1es known 1s th8t of Dougall , which

m8y be expressed 88 8n 516/5 or 88 B 7乌 "ith unit 盯&Um8n也·

(71.1) 艺(衬「「门盯+丁丁::-丁刀咒)川川川(:ο:)(:)( :)(:) ( 叶y γ +刊仰山2c肌e川手

("t口+丁;7+丁γ丁叹飞γ7川忖("叶+γO叽丁(X+ Y+飞?;7+忖0+)y

(97.1)

C+γJC寸+j(叫γ丁 C:j了:+ n) (Y+:+丁了?丁(叫:+c寸

TABLE 97

,

Expreesed 88 e 7气。ne hBS the equivalent form of Dougall's formulB

「息, 1 -1- 8/2 , b. C t d t e , - n ;

7'6 I 1 a/2 , 1 +8斗, 1;-息 -c , 1+a-d , 1 +8吨,

(1+ak(1+a-b-e)n (1+8·bd>n(1 • aHC4)n.. (1+a-bh(1+a , ck ( 1中amdhn十a-b-c-d)n

'

where 1 + 28 .. b 乎 e千 d + e - n , n... 0 ,1 ,2 ,当,..

8nd (x +n - 1)! 户-t- n - 1)

(x)n-r,-唱、~- n!l. J -飞 n i

-77-

Page 92: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABLE X

SU肌ATIONS OF THE FORM S.p/O

An Bsymptotlc formulal

n p -1

2 (:r pn

侈;-)2 2

'‘~ a8 n -;.. 00.

-VP k-=O for p _ lnteger 二~ 1 •

(Polyp Bnd Szeg~.)

n

kf?P?Lxjp Z C:) (n+1)!P x - kr - x.- ~ - - '

(k+1)p ( ) ln+ (n+1)p k-O x x

(Gould)

~) t. L~:-l) L' -l)j Cp;:) C+r:jγ - C) '

VB l1d for integral r ~ 1, P~ 1.

4) Z (斗)kLγ)(…tyfr· 〉 -(1;γ ,

,5) a咽,

E

P 叭l/

-r n· r Its-aEEL ---EES

,J

+ b晶

nr Fa /Ittt飞

b且,

,‘、

问Z…

r

'

(The threereletlon8 immedietely ebove ere connected "ith very

generel eXpansions of Worpitzky , e8 shown by Cerlitz , end were

'rediscovered' by veriωs modern writers , in perti叫er by Shen汩的.)

-78-

Page 93: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(X .6)

(X .7)

Defini tion: 飞(q) - Z (:) (Stever)

nzvhzoq KP (5tever)

Theo the following formulas are knownl

(X.8)

(X .9)

(X.10)

, (X .11 )

(X .12)

(X .1~)

(~) -= ~ 5_(~) n ,1'.....' - 2

一25n ,2(~) ...,一卜 50(~) 十

‘‘,,, ZJ ,,,‘、

4·· n qu

., 、、.,,

ZJ ,,E‘、

'1·· n qu

zJ n E 、

‘,,,

RJ ,,,、‘

ZJ ., n

qu

5 _ J, ( )) = --.!!当 (n + 1L s~ '~(~) 口,"" 2 n-I

民 A

2 S ~(~) = ~二- 5_(~) -二~ (n - ~) s ~(刃,n ,~-" 6 n-' . 6 n-1

- (staver)

n2 5 n(~) .... (7n2 - 7n + 2) Sn_1(~) + 8(n - 1)2 Sn-2(当)n'" - ,... -, -n-1

(Franel)

,

This relation just giveo Wes f~r8t proved by J. Frane1 , 1n answer to a

que8tion posed by C. A. Leieant in the first volume (189均 of the

/.. . .. .. / journe1 .!'Intermédiaire 但旦 Mathematicien8. Freoel a180 found the

r

followiog formula es well a8 other interesting resultsI

(X .14)

(X .15)

J SJA)s2(2n-1)(5n2-5n+1)s JA)

十 (40 - ~)( 4n -问(An-5)S JA)

主 (:r 小言:c:1;(Franel / St~ver)

(寸(叫-79-

Page 94: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

where: C( q. + 1) n ,k

、飞、EEE

J

-K4d ,,,aEE飞、J

KTU归

、飞ht1/'

"K IF-飞

c(q: (Nenjundiah)

'his genorel result includcs several speciel ceses in the prcceding

Ibles.) Thus:

k ‘ •. ,, a

τ··

,,,‘、

E

飞飞,,

5·K

(n ;, 1)

( :J (0)

- (-1)

飞11t』

ff

nub

fft1

‘、,,,

,E·· ,,‘、.

户V

11if/ nK If-1、、

z 、‘,,,

向ζ,,,、

FM C( 当) =C) 了:丁

阳c喇M蜘圳胁灿8时盹巾h加10n

owever this 1s too εxtc盯nsive to list in the present tables.

x.16) 主川( :) (1 :1 b 1k) (2 :2b2k

) nu --llif k

r b

r

+m r a

JIt--、

(X 丁 7) I (叫:)k11Et--/

‘飞'he''

k22 RJ』-bc

a ,,,,EE飞

rttIFfitt

1lij/

、114

kt4l alLUFUW

a ,,I1、

/Il--\

飞tBIll-

J

、飞'1

』,

krr rbc

a rtt『t、

//tIll--

= 0

when b1 c 1 + b 2c 2 +… +b r c r <:n

(again a trivial consequence of (z.8))

n

C:汁:1(af) ( a(r) (x.18 ) • • • == 0 ,

k=O

hen bAc A + b~c~ +…+ b c L n 1-1 . -2-2 . -r-r -.

(another trivial consequence of (z.8))

-80-

Page 95: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

TABtE Z

In this tab1e we 1ist some genere1 expansions , operations on

series , and a few ‘ use负11 binorniel coeffic1ent identit1ee.

In formu1as (Z.1) through (Z.1l) f(x) 1s understood to be any

polynomie1 of degree less than or cquel to n in x , thet 18 , a

T川 z a X1 i

i= 0

(Z .1) (Legrange series) n

Let g(x) _汀 (x - X i ) , g'(x) , Dxdx) ,

and let distinct realnumbers xo , x1 ,...,xn be given •

Then n

订出

41 x··xi 叫y)- L x - x

k i

n

事 g(x) Z k=O

k x

veEF­十一J

k四

X

X-­P··E

x

(Z .2) (Taylor series)

你十 y) 81:' γ 二巳 r(k) (y) ι..J' k' k=O

r(x T y) -二。三(-1)J (:) r(k - l十 y)

Page 96: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(Z .4) (Worp1tzky - Nielsen series)

叫X十川-1)也 I(叫:'让(叫m :j r(j _ k -t- y) '

prov1ded m ~ n.

(Z. 乡) (Melzak, prob. nr. 44饵, Amer. Math. 以onthly , v. 58(1951) , p.6~6; a speciel cese 0 1' (Z.1). )

叫.J

/'l nO/乙

趴lj/

n

y ve + T(x - k)

y+k '

(Z .6) 川y) z 1

y十 kHDYTh+y)

1111/ nk /i飞

b且

nz…

、叫lj/

+n /,Itt飞

ve f(x - k)

(y+k)2 '

(Zo7) Z (-1俨 C) T(X - k)

k c f川 Z

1-k - 1" (x)

r

(Z .8) L(叫 \ 0 , 11' nL r. 1'(k) ~ < 蝇飞,

{ (-1"" n' a , 11' n e: r. 、 n

旦[j j X J X 、气, ._ f .,、

e ~ 一一 / I (_1)A ( - J f( j - k) '-/ j rι.J ' "' l k) jzo k z O J

Relation (z.8) i8 very useful; we have numerous interesting cases by choosing f; e.g. (1.13) , (6. 斗1) , (X.16) , (X.17) , (x.18) , etc.

(Z .9)

WZ k

一二:- t'(k) _

k' k 匾。-

,

-82-

Page 97: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(Z .10) 、11lt

rb且

缸'?

/Iiw nz… f'(y 手 k2 )

2 .2 x -.K

_ (_1)n f(二十 y)十 士 C") f:~) '

2.(. - n) C::J n

(Z .11 ) Z 付(:) f(y + k2)

C:J k-O (x2 - k2) l k

n f(x2 + y) f(y) - (-1)

(:n)c:丁十 2x2 2x(x - n) t n)( 2n

~h1ch 18 e restatement of (Z.10).

(Z .12) f(x)

rπHVK

(Z.1~) 立(-1)k (:)

-- r?乙

k =< 1

rz f(Uk )

• r

订x - U

k k .... 1

1 - 1 1 .fo k

provlded r..> n.

m k rvu

c ~Uj 古川 J for r > m.

-83-

Page 98: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Z.14) Let f(x) be. e polynomial of de~ree n 十 1 10 x. Then

2 (-1 )k C) f(y - k)

(k 斗 x)(k+ z)

E(Jx)jc::j Z.15) Let f(x) be a polynomiel of degree nt 2 1n x. Then

n

~(叫 :J f(y - k)

(k + u)(k + v)(k t- w) k=O

u - 1 f、(y +u) -(n + 1)(n + 2)(u - v)(u - w)

(叶:) (仆:)n+2 n 千 2

v - 1 f、(y+ v) f(w 千~ y)

(n 十 1)(n+ 2)(u - v)(v - w) (川:)0+2 n + 2

~ing partial fract100s one may evaluate ~ (-1)k(~) f(y-k) 1n general. r k=。

有 (k -r Ui ' 1=1

-8件-

Page 99: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(Z .16) Let f( x) 二艺 -1aixi

Then L(叫:)f(y-k)c: r

) -…

r?JU 的一叭l/

,问-4·k

fLEK f-Ji\ 、

1l/-

rk ,

J'''EE飞

k

k = 1

(Z.17) 1n the preced1ng relati0n , let r ~ n. 7hen if f(x) i8 of degree 2n-1

in x ,

艺 (_1)k (:) f(y - k) 卡 f(y千 k)

= f(y)

k=O

(Z.18)

c: n)

If f(x) ~ f(-x) , f(O) = 0 , end f(x) 18 of degree 2n-2 in x , then

n

Z ←1可 = O.

kl tt丁k-=O k

(Z .19) A useful ooeretionel formule:

(♂吵 y =: (n!) r L:

e Ak = Z

k 斗 n-1x ve a唱··

n ·俨

-KX D

-K AHH

(k + n-1 )_,

(叫叫: -) l寸寸 r

(Cf. Carlitz , Amer. Meth. Monthly ,

Vo1.37( 1930) , pp. 的2-9)

-85-

Page 100: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

A very usefu1 genere1 technique in summing series 18 to meke U8e of

the identity (x D扩 ιkr Xk This i8 whet 18 used in e11

the series in t he Be tables Where a series conteine the term Kr xk

Bnci . 1.丁 f :rs 1n no other connection 1n the 8eries. Schwett gives a

吃、 rr b~D~d discuseion of its uses.

1n terms of the general number8 of Nie 1sen type (see (1.128)ebove)

we heve

(Z .20) 川Z…

n 4' E E Ve

r 、、ls/

x nu x /

ttE、

n

Bktm+ 1 ve nu 让

川μUO\叫

一\J/-B

In term8 of the Stir1ing numbers of second kind (differences of zero) ,

two other use fU l generel formules ere

:z.21) 毛才 y 川Z zk . B~ . .d x ,z

‘ •. , x ,,.‘、

,ι

bA

俨: -J n

k X n 1r

一-~- . B1c • D二 r(x) • kr •

z .22) (x Dx ) n f(x) = L

-86-

.

,

Page 101: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(Z.2~) Let F(n) - Z ( -1尸( :) ~(吟,

and suppose thet f(k) does not depend on n.

Then the series may be inverted to give n

'J '. ..k - 1 I n 飞f( n) a: / ( -1 ) ~ . , } F(时,

ιJ 飞 kl

‘ k JC 1

and e180

Z T(k)E z (-1)lu1(;::)F(k)

k = 1 k ... 1

(Z .24) ... 、•. ,, ,、EW

,,.‘、

伊A

\111j/ b且

4d

/IIf飞

,、J、

,,

A咽,,

,,‘、

nv

k

勺乙μ

E ‘、,,,

k ,,.‘、

曹r

&L e L

t )ten

n ‘‘,,, a唱··

,,‘、

E ‘‘ •• ,

bA ,,‘、

霄ι

\i/ xk //iIEE

b且‘‘.,, 4·· ,

,E‘、

n。jL…

bk叫咱b且

,··-圃

'A-x 飞

llj/

nk ,,,,,EtL

K

nu

n?Lh \111/ -n x /IlIL

(Gould , ~4-J )

(Z .25) z ( :) ~(k) -LH厅: X) z{ n ~于(j 们)k=O j 信 O

(Z.26) Suppose that DxUn(x) 皿 n Un_1(x).

Then the 8ummetion 气飞川咐l(ρ(仅川xk..。、 ι ,

~es the property thet It is 1ndependent of x , 1.e" DxSn(x) = o. Hence the series

~ey be eva1ueted by letting x take eny convenient va1ue. (Math. Tripo8 , 1896,

or see Hardy , Course of Pu re Mathemetics , 9th Ed. , 19l山 , pege 27队)-87-

Page 102: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(Z .27)

nz 阳)=÷ z 艺 ttjrjk f(时,

k=O j 嚣 1 k-=O

where 也J

2γi

r =e

(Z .28) Z (r:) f(rk) 斗 Z Z{:J f(k)ω 气jkk=O

(Z .29) Let 小雪 (_1)k C: 丁子去k=O

and suppose that. f(k) is independent of n.

Then

川一川

叭i//

/,,,,、

问z…

Ei巴L - F(n 泸 2)n 十 2

(Z.~O) 号。(-1)kC) f(k) … e川

independent of n. Then

艺 (-1)吁:) f(k T 1)

k+1

.. T( 0) - F( n 1- 1 )

n +-1 k=O

(Z .~1) -K

和-e

叽lM7

牛1-

nn fIt--L 我lll'

?k /'Il

n。/UH

川jJ

、川j

2·x-2 于十-··于b

nn-n 同£-叫,』

,,tt21、

-/Itt\

k 伊·&

叭i/

2x 千fs

nk /I』lL

nk /II』1

2…

-88-

Page 103: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

n (:) n

Z n

Zt~l二) r(时(Z.;2) r(k) a: (-1 )

(叶:X) e1γ7 k=O k-O k 千 x

n [+J [旦~1J

(z.;;) Z 忡Z ~(2k) + Z r(2k千- 1)

k = 8 k =[8 t 1] k-[+J

[n ; 1J n (z.纠)

L(泊问 ~Z Z r(2k 1- 1) 1'(2k) - . k :o: 8

k ...(咛] k-[+J

(Z.;5) [n ;1 ]

r - 1 n

艺 2 r(rk 十 j) - Z r(k)

j - 0 E8 + r;17 j J k...a k-

r

‘‘E,, a

唱··

>/n a唱,

>/r ,,‘、

., ‘、,,

4d f k r ,,‘、

T 川艺

、,,,‘,,

-a··-

,,

、‘,,,卢、

4''

'3"ζ

,二

实J

霄,

ι

-r q白

,,,‘、

'E O 俨'飞

J

K

erk gT E c ····aE-a

气/

r-F}­e

丐/­

nn

,、/­

erd­vu e hu φu

aH aE‘‘、,,

6

4.‘

ZJ

』u­

m··qu ,,.‘、,,

a‘、

k=O j=O k=O

n r

(zmzpk)-mrrgap(川(k -t- n )}

(Z.;8) 2~ k l'川 (0 + 1) Z r(k)

k - 1 k == 1

KZ川

nz… '

皿89恒

Page 104: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(Z.~9) 千F(h)!a22n n!(囚,告)! ,

(z.4o) n

d』内J』

飞11

IJ

hn JIBE飞

刷刷

‘ •. ,, a电··

,,‘‘、

E

飞EEtt''''

Agn 儿Il\

、‘a'

A叩··

FJt

,、,

fi

‘、

(帽 n -去)! (n- 去)! .. (_1) n 汁,

(Z .42) 且 z 叫 1(~) x - z 十 1

「,/飞/飞j

飞1

f-飞飞,,/

Z

牛'一千+

,

n-xn 』,

E1.

,,,··、

-、-t

J'

叫,叫一们n

/tt飞

-x

-,,''''飞

{)JIjI飞

(Z.句) n LU丁

冉'』

11I/

r 2n j''』1、

n

‘i,Efs

,,F

+-2+ n-n 内Jι-

内t

J''Et--飞

(z.44) 了了) ~(4D2:) 产

C: 于 (."X:) <n-OPCfDBZ::(3(;)2

(刀(z.46)

(Z .47) n n

ζ

k qι

nt b且

n 、,,

a咽,.

,,‘、

\11lts/ τ吉

k

-­nn fii--

川lυ-

/MH川-1i/

-MK-AOK J-T/i···

nnE L

且Tqι­

/ftt1、一

(Z.48) (;)1月 ,

-90-

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(z.49)

(Z.50)

(Z.51)

(Z.52)

(Z.5~)

(:)---; 二节ω

了了) _l4n:j(沙 J

( : ) ( n ~ k)(:k) (η

kf川

、飞ttIJ'

4tk 』且

JFI『atL

、们叮tj/

-b

JII『'1、

ba 川lJJ

4『­

KK V儿

'中t

bhb

/Iltt\

1..0

1 " j

(2:::1f::DE(-1叫:KYL-72知,

川lJ叮

叮ζ

吨'』

ν1λ

n 2n /IItt 也llIF

nk ,,,,E·E·-、

n nt·­内ζ·

叭丁/、叶

ll/

14·izx -n/itl

bhitt

『!

vu儿

nKJ

nk-­/IIIt飞

XX同严』

k

UU』A

X 内J』

n

nrtSEtt­

ηll/

-nk ,f

J''FEE-EE

\叭11,

/\11

』/

gkk --x-hn/Ilh

川•• 、

汕大叽

l

akfIll-f''E,ltth飞

民JKU

RJRJ q缸,"

-91-

Page 106: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

(Z .57)

(Z.59)

(Z.6o)

(ι~" : 1)(二:1)(川)(汇f仁:

(γ)(门刀升〉Eι/" ( ":) (" +: -~ c: 丁2:::丁-(':γ~2) .

'

n

叼/乞

Aj/ /lil飞 k+x

(It is by this difterentietion thet the finite hermonic series cen be

introèuced into a series of binorriel coefficients; e.g. , see reletions

of this type such as that obteined from (' .44) by u se of (Z .2~) , or

Goldberg's reletion ('.124) , etc.)

(Z.61 ) (:)厂: 1) 坦时( :n)(丁)

蝇'­

《咽,

Page 107: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. N. H. Abe1 , Demonstrstion d'une expression de 1squelle 1a formule

bin~me est un css perticulier , Jour. reine u. engew. }.~ath. ,

V01. 1(1826) , D. 159.

2. W. A. Al-Se1em , Note on e q-1dentity ,】~athematica Scendinavica ,

V01. 5(1957) , 202-204.

~. Herry Batemen , Manuscript project by Erde1yi , Msgnus , end

Oberhett1nger , Higher Tranecendental Functions , N.Y. , 195~.

4. E. Bessel-Hagen end H. Hasse , Beweis einer 1dentitAt zw1echen

Binomia1koeffizienter>, Jhrsber. Deutsch. Meth.Vereinigung ,

V01. ~7(1928) , 2;1-4.

5. T..J. 1'e. Bromw1ch , Introduction to the theory of inf1nite ser1es ,

2 nd Ed. , London , 1949.

6. L. Car1itz , On a c1ass of finite sums , Amer. Math. Month1y ,

V01. ;7(19;0) ,的2-479.

7. Note on a formu1e of Sz11y , Scripte Y.athematica ,

Vo1. 18(1952) , 249-25;.

8. , Note on B paper of Shanks , Amer. J..1eth. Month1y ,

V01. 59( 19究), 2;9-241.

9. , Note on a formu1e of Grosswald , Amer. Meth. Month1y ,

Vo1. 60(195;) , p. 181.

10. , Eu1erien numbers and p01ynom1els , Math , Mag. , V01.;2(1959) ,

247-2臼.

11. A. L. Cauchy , Exercices de 1~eth{mat1ques , first year , 1826 , p.5; ,

or see c011. works , ser. 2 , V01.6 , pp. 72-7~.

-93-

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12. Chrystal , A Textbook of Algebra , Reprint by Chelsea Publ.Co. ,N.Y.1959.

15. K. L. Chung , problem nr. 4211 , Amer. Math. Monthly , 1946, p. }97.

14. E. H. Clarke , problem nr.. '996 , Amer. M~th. Monthly , 19岛 1 , p. }41.

15. J. G. Van der Corput , Over eenige identiteiten , Nieuw Archiefvoor

Wiskunde , ser.2 , Vo l. 17( 19'1) , 2-27.

16. Reed Dewson , Binomial Formulery , menu&cript, Washington , D.C. , 1957.

17. Devid Dickinson , On sums involving binomiel coeff1cients , Amer.

Math. Monthly , Vol. 57(1950) , 82-86. Cf. Math.Reviews , 11(1950) ,每88.

18. A. C. Dixon , On the sum of the cubes of the coefficients in e e

certein expansion by the b1nomiel theorem , Messenger of Meth. ,

Vol. 20(1S91) , 79-80.

19. N. R. C. Dockerey , An extension of Ven der l~ond' s theorem end some

ep?lications , The Meth. Gezette , Vol. 17(19") , 26-'5.

20. John Dougell , On Vandermonde's theorem , end some more general

expensions , Proc. Edinburgh Meth. Soc. , Vol. 25 , (1906) , 114-1}2.

21. H.. J. A. Du parc , C.G.Lekkerkerker , end W. Peremens , An elementary proof

of a formula of Jensen , see Meth. Reviews , Vol. 协( 195}) , p. 858.

22.< Wi l1 iam Fe l1 er , An introduction to probebility theory end its

app l1cations , N.Y. , 19~O.

2'. J. E. Fjeldsted , A generelization of Dixon's formula , Meth. Scendinavica ,

Vol. 2(1954) , 46-48.

IKJ-Franeh a note published in 1'IntermAMire des BEatt16Laticiene ,

Vol. 1( 189町, 45-47. G1ves sums of powers of binomiel coefficients.

~5. , en ex~en8ion of ebove , in vol. 2(1895) , "-}5.

~6. R. Frisch , Sur les semi-inyerients ,etc. Videmskeps-Akedemiet s Skr1fter ,

II , No.} , Oslo , 1926. Q.uoted in Netto' e Lehrbuch , by Th. Skolem, p.}'7.

-9每-

Page 109: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

27. Jekuthiel Glnsburg , Note on Stirling's numbers , Amer. Meth.

J.:onthly , Vo1. ~5(1928) , 77- '30.

28.Karl Goldberg , M. Newman , and Emilie Heynsworth , Combinatorial

Anelysis , Netional Bureeu of Standerds manu6cript peper , NBS156 , 1959.

29. R. R. Goldberg , Problem nr. 4805 , Amer. Meth. Monthly ,"Vo1. 65(1958) , p.6~,.

;0. H. 'tl. Gould , Note on e peper of Grosswald , Amer. J~ath. Monthly ,

;1.

;2.

;;.

~4.

~5.

;;6.

;7.

;8.

Vol. 61(1954) , 251-25~.

, Some generelizetions of Vanderrnonde's convolution ,

Amer. Msth. Monthly , Vol. 6~(1956) , 8斗-9 1.

, Final enalysis of Vandermonde's ccnvolution , Amer. Math.

}.~onthly , Vo1. 64( 1957), 409-415.

, A theorem concerning the Bernstein polynomials , Math.

Ma e;azine , Vol. ;1( 1958) , 259-264.

, Note on 5 pepcr of Sparre Andersen , Mathematice Scendinevica ,

Vo1. 6( 195'匀, 226-2;0.

, Dixon's seriee expressed ae e convolution , Nordisk

Matemetisk Tidskrift , Vol. 7(1959) , 7予76.

, Note on e paper of Steinberg , Math. Mag. , Vol.刃( 1959) ,46-48 •

, Stirling number representetion probleme ,

Proe. Amer. l-~eth. Soc. , 11 (1960) , 鸟也7-乌51.

, Generalization of e theorem of Jensen concerning

convolutione , 队Jke Math. Jour. 27 (丁 960) , 71-76.

;9. , EvaluetloD Qf the finite hypergeσmetric serles F(-n ,告, j + 1;句,to be pubI1shed.

与o. , Fjeldstad's series and the q-analog of a series of Dougall ,

Math. Scand. , 8(1960) , 198-200.

-95-

Page 110: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

55. T. Narayana Moorty , Some summationformuleefor binomiel coefficientB,

l.~ath. Gazette , Vol.39( 1955) , 122幽 125.

56. C. Moreeu , Another so1ution to the 川。blem of Frenel in 1'Intermldiaire

des Meth{maticiens ,Vo1.1 ,p.47.

57. Leo l-'loser , prob1em Nr. E799 , Amer. Y.eth. .t-1onthly , 1948 , p 、 30.

58. T. S. Nenjundieh , On e formu1e of A. C. Dixon , Proe. Amer. Meth. Soc. ,

V01. 9(1 9,58) , 308-311.

59. / , Remerk on e note of P. Turén , Amer. l.:eth. Monthly ,

Vol. 65(1958) , p.354 •

60. Eugen Netto , Lehrbuch der Combioetorik , Leinzig , 1901 , ~ec.Ed.1927. Reprinted by Chelsea Publ.Co. , New York , N.Y~ , 1958.

61. N. Nielsen , Hendbuch der Theorie der Gemmef、unktion , Leipzig , 1906.

62. _, Treit: éí6mcnteire des nOlrbres de Bernoulli , Peris , 1924 , note p.26.

63. N. E. N巴r1und , Yor 1e sung ,: n_ ð b~r Dif.fere.~ze,n reçþQ.ung ,.. >>~r.l1n , 1924. Reprin~ed-by ChelseaPUbl. Co. , New York , N.Y.; 丁 95件.

64. Q. P61ye end G. $zeg巴, Aufeeben undLehrs8tze , Berlin , 1925.

Note Vol. 1, pert 2 , problems 206-218.

65. John Riorden , An introduction tocombinetoriel enelysis , N.Y. , 1958.

fr6•• R咿 1 , Eine ber口的enswerthe Ide川t l! t , 问pe'e Archiv , (2) Vo1. 10 , 110-111.

See review io Fortschritte , Vol.2; , p.262.

67. Heinrich August Rothe , Formulee de eerierum reversione , etc. , Leipzig , 179~.

白. H. F. Sandhem , verious prob1ems , Nr. 4519 ,etc. , Amer. Math. Monthly.

69. L. Schlßfli , ErgAnzung der Abh. ðber die Entwickl. des Produkts...etc. ,

Jour. r6ine u. engew. l-1eth. , Vol. 67(1867), pp. 179-182.

70. O. X. Schl&milch. Compendium der h色heren Anelysis , Breunschweig , 1866 ,

,Vol. II , pp. 26-31.

-a『.•

7 , Recherches sur les eo~fficients des fecult6s enalytiques ,

Jour. reine u. angew. Jv:eth. ,飞TOl.44(1852) , ;44-'55.

'2. 1. J. Schwatt , Introduction to the operetions with series , Univ. of Pe.

Press , 1924. Reprinted 1962 by Chelsea Pub工. Co. , New York , N.Y.

-97-

Page 111: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

7~. B. Sollertinsky , e summ8tion equiv81ent to Chur唱's problem , J pro !,osed 8S Question Nr. 12 , l' Intermédiaire des J.~athematiciens ,

VoL 1( 189句, page1.

74. Tor B. Stever , om summasjon ev poteneer ev binomielkoeffieienten ,

Norek Matematisk Tidsskrift , 29.Krgeng , 19饵, 97-10~.

75. B. A. SWinden , Note 2299 , on notes 202; end 209句, lv:ath. Gazctte ,

Vol. ~6(1952) , p. 277.

76. K. v. SZily , see review in Fortschritte , VoL 25(1 ,S9}) , 405-6.

77. P. Terdy , Sopra alcune formole reletiva ai coefficienti binomiali ,

Journel of Betteglini , Vol. ~(1~6刃, 1-:~.

78. C. ven Ebbcnhorst Tengbergen , ðber die IdentitAten...etc. ,

Nieuw Arch. Wiskde. , Vol. Hl( 19~4) , 1-7.

79. G. Torelli , Qualche formola relativa all'interpret a. zione fattoriale

delle potenze , Batt. Jour. Vol.;,; 178-182.

80. D. C. Wong , various problems in Amer. Math. Monthlj.

81. J. Worpitzky , Studien 咀ber die Bernoullischen und Eulerscher> Zahlen ,

Jour. reino u. angew. l-lath. , VoL 94(18ô~) , 20~-2~2.

82. prob. ~~77 , Amer. ~eth. Monthly , 1929.

8~. prob. 句51 , ibid. , 19另, p.432. see solution , ibid.Vol.61(19功),65~-4.

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• ERRATA SHEETS FOR THEORIGINAL PRINT工NG OF THE TABLES -page numbers refer to original pagination

ERRATA ,.;5 of' ma1ntableø ,如d 11ne up f'r om bottom , read [72J 1n阳ad of 72

'-5, 1n{136) , on right read t+( , 1)n instead oT1·(-1)n.

). 8 , 10 (1δ8) , read n 1T 1nstead 01' n T τ- •

,. 9 , in (1.71) , read -x instead of'

_x2 z .膨 z_ .

(1 + x)2 (1 + x)2

, 1n (1川….d C": 1) …叮~. 14.1 , 1n (1. 118) , addcondit10n that "注 2.,.17 , 1n (2.16) , on r1ght read 1nstead of' • 一k' k . ~. 18 , 1n (2.24) , read (:")… or(:n) •

p. 21 , 1n ('.2') , on r1ght hand s1de read n~ . _. n

p. 27 , 1n ('.72) , read ...l旦L 1nstead of

2 1nstead of n

二4in.2.

2

p. 40, (4.10) , tbe sum shou1d be

n

宁Lh

(:) r" : 1)

x(x 午 1). • .(x牛 n)p. '0, 1n (;5 .95) , read (x + 1)

.

p. 40,如 (4.1') ,read n+ r 1nstead 01' n r.

p. 50, 1n (7.11) , l'ead( I 1nstead o1'{ 1 飞 2n I 、 x/

p. 7咱, 11ne ;5, read (Z.12) 1natead of' (Z.1').

p. 79, change statement a1'ter (Z.'5) to read ITh1s 1s the genera1

cas8 f'or (Z.,,).I

,.80 , 1n (Z.'9) , on left read .J1f (2n>! /2",

). 80, 1n (z.48) , on r1ght read γ( J . n .

1. 81 , 1n (Z .52) , read k 1nstead 01'

-99-

1nstead of'

(了) . 1nstead 01'

kk .

Page 113: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

ERRATA - Combinatorial Identities by H. W. Gould

page 6 formu叫1.46)

气~ 7) 叮~4)

{z(J+3}+h d for 1

24(n+3)

page 18 formula (2.24儿 line 2

α2 α3

n ~ L read n ~ I

page 21 :formula (3.22) in le:ft-most sum

-2k for 2-L.- read

k nJι

p nJ』n

J』 •

page 35 , in third d土splayed formula from top , .n .n t.. t

for ---- read .-=0 n n 品

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Page 114: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

Errata f'or: G∞1d, "Combinatoria1 工dentities, "

page 4,件 (1.31). Rep1ace si♂(言) by si♂(~)

k-1 page 13, eq.(1.106). Rep1ace (_l)A by (-1)

page 26, eq.(3.58). Multip1y the right member by

n-nf』

间可♂

page 26, eq.(3.57). Multip1y the right member by

严吕e 31, eq. (3.工03). Eepkce 2nfby ♂-k

page 43, eq.(6.5). 卫讪ce 叫叫2) by 主[1 + (-l)nJ

page 44, e吐·(6.8).Dehte(4)k

page 44, eq.(6. 工0). 工nsert (_l)k i的。 the s urom.ar也

page 47, eq.(6.35). Mu工tip1y the second sum by 22n

page 51, eq.(7. 工9) • Rep1ace (且-x:y-1) by (n+x:y-1) n

page 66,叫. (31. 工). Rep1ace (x + y)! by (x + c)!

---compi1ed by E1don R. Hansen , August , 1969.

-10丁-

Page 115: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

FURTHER ERRATA

2τri/r p.7 , in (1.切, addzwhere taL z e f&-

k-1 p.14.1 , in (1.117) , for (x + 1)~-' read (k

1 2n+2x飞p.26 , in (3.57) , for l ~2n"""^") read

A 、 k-1+ 1)

for

-BJO --、飞〉/r---

n,

dk

(2n~竹. Cf. Han5en'5 form 。 f this correction.

p.38 , in (3.1 斗7) , read

k=1

p.51 , in (7. 丁 8) , the sum = -1 for n = O. 工ndicated sum correct

for n ~ 1.

p. 5丁 in (7.17) , in left-hand sum , insert the factor 1 k .

A工50 , for n~ m read m 共 n.

p. 65 , for (2,.阳 )iead (24.1).

p.86 , item #51 , for 'Todskrift' read 'Tidskrift'.

p. 87 , item #60 , add ref. to Second ed土tion ,. 1927.

p.3 , introduction ,工ine 丁 0 , for 'indes' read 'index'.

p. 69 , in (x.13) , for (n_1)3 read (n_1)2.

p. 14.2 , in def. stated with (丁 .127) , deletethe factor (_1)k.

H. W. Gou工d

1 May , 1972

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Research and Pub1ications. selected 1ist: H. W. Gou1d

1. Note on a paper of Grosswa1d , Amer. Math. Month1y , 61(195斗) , 251-253.

2. Some genera1土zations of Vandermonde's convo工ution , Amer. Math. Month1y , 63(1956) , 8鸟-91.

3. The Stir1ing numbers , and genera1ized d土fference expansions , University of Virginia Master's Thesis , June 1956. iii+66pp.

4. Fina1 ana1ysis of Vandermonde's convo1ution , Amer..Math. Nonth1y , 6斗(1957) ,鸟09-415.

5. A theorem concerning the Bernstein po1ynomia1s , Math. Magazine , 31(1958) , 259-264.

~. Note on a paper of Sparre Andersen , Math. Scand. , 6(1958) , 226-230.

7. D土xon's series expressed as a convo1ution , Nordisk Mat. Tidsk. , 7(1959) , 73-76.

8. Note on a paper of Steinberg , Math. Magazine , 33(1959) ,斗6-件8.

9. Combinator土a1 Identities , a standardi~ed set of taö1es ~isting 500 binomia1 coefficient summations , Morgantown , W.Va. 1959-60. 100pp.

10. Genera1ization of a theorem of Jensen concerning conv。工utions ,

DukeMath. J. , 27(1960) , 71-76.

11. Stir1ing number representat土。n prob1ems , Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. , 丁 1(1960) , 斗斗7- 鸟51.

12. The Lagrange 土nterpo1ation formu工a and Stir1ing numbers , Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. , 11(1960) ,也21-斗25.

13. A q-binomia工 coeff土cient series transform , Bu11. Amer.' Math. Soc. , 66(1960) , 383-387.

1 鸟. Fje工dstad's series and the q-ana1og of a series of Douga1工,Math. Scand. , 8(1960) , 198-200.

气 5. The q-series genera1iaation of a formu1a of Sparre Andersen , Math. Scand. , 9(1961 ) , 90-9乌.

才 6. Note on a paper of K1amkin concerning Stir1ing numbers , Amer. Þ1ath. Month1y , 68( 丁 961 ),鸟77-斗79.

17. A series identity for find土ng conv。工ution ident土ties , Duke Math. J. , 28(1961) , 193-202.

18. The q-Stir1ing numbers of first and second kinds , Duke Math. J. , 28(1961) , 281-289.

19. Some re1ations invo1ving the finite harmonic series , Math. Mag. , 3乌(1961) , 317- 321 •

20. A genera工ization of a prob1em of L. Lorch and L. Moser , Canadian Math. Bu11. ,斗(1961) , 303-305.

21. A binomia1 identity of Greenwood and G1eason , Math. Student , 29(1961) , 53-57.

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Page 117: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

22. (with A.T.Hopper) Operational formulas connected with two generalizations of Hermite p。工ynomials , Duke Math. J. , 29(1962) , 5丁 -63.

23. Congruences involving sums of binomial coeffic立ents and a formula of Jensen , Amer. Math. Month工y , 69(1962) ,鸟00-402.

24. A new conv。工ut立。n formula and some new orthogonal relations for 主nversion of series , Duke Math. J. , 29(1962) , 393-斗04.

25. Generalization of an integral formula of Bateman , Duke Math. J. , 29( 才 962) ,鸟75-斗79.

26. Theory of binomial sums , Proc. W. Va. Acad. Sci. , 3乌(1962) ,158-162 (196~).

27. Note on two binomial coefficient sums found by R土。rdan , Ann. Math. Stat. , 3斗 (1963) , 333-335.

28. The q-analogue of a formula of Szily , Scripta Mathematica , 26(1961) , 155-157 (1963).

29. Generating functions for products of powers of F土bonacc主 and

Lucas numbers ,丁 (1963) , No.2 , 1-16.

30. Solution to Prob工em 470 , Math. Mag. , 36(1963) , 206.

31. Solut土。n to Problem 505 , Math. Mag. , 36(1963) , 267-268.

32. Sums of logarithms of binomial coeffic土ents , Amer. Math. Monthly , 71( 196件), 55-58.

33. The functional operator Tf(x) = f(x+a)f(x+b) - f(x)f(x+a+b) , Math. Mag. , 37(196斗), 38蛐斗6.

3斗. Solution to Problem 521 , Math. Mag. , 37(196件), 61.

35. (with L. Carlitz) Bracket function congruences for b土nomialcoefficients , Math. Mag. , 37(196斗), 91-93.

36. A new series transform with applications to Bessel , Legendre , and Tchebycheff polynomials , Duke Math. J. , 31(196乌), 325-33乌-

37. The operator (ax~)n and Stirling numbers of the f让st kind , Amer. Math. Monthly , 71(196鸟), 850-858.

38. Problem 5231 , Amer. Math. Monthly , 71(196鸟儿 923. See SG工utions ,ibid. , 72(1965) , 921-923.

39. Binomial coeffic土ents , the bracket function , and cornpositions with relatively prime summands , Fibonacc土 Quarterly , 2(196件) , 2斗1-260.

40. The construction of" orthogona工 and quasi-orthogona工 number sets , 72(1965) , 591-602.

41. An identity involv土ng Stirling numbers , Ann. 工nst. Stat. Math. , 17( 丁 965) , 265-269.

斗2. A variant of Pascal's triangle , Fibonacc主 Quarterly , 3( 丁 965) , 257-271. Errata ,鸟 (1966) , 62.

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43. Inverse series re1ations and other expansions invo1ving Humbert po1ynomia1s , Duke Ma th. J. , 32(1965) , 697-711.

44. Note on recurrence re1ations for Stir工ing numbers , Pub工.工nst.Math. (Beograd) , N.S. , 6(20)(1966) , 115-119.

句. Cwi th J. Ka summatioJ丑lS , J. Combinator土a1 Theory , 1(1966) , 233-2乌7.Errata , ibid. , 12( 丁 972) , 309-310.

乌6. Note on a q-series transform , J. Combinatoria1 Theory , 1(1966) , 397-399.

斗7. (with C. A. Church , Jr.) Lattice point solution of the genera1ised prob工em of Terquem and an extension of Fibonacci numbers , Fibonacci Quarter1y , 5(1967) , 59-68.

鸟8. Comment on Prob1em 602 , Math. Mag. ,斗。 (1967) , 107皿108.

斗9. (with Maurice Nachover) Prob1em E 1975 , Amer. Math. Month1y , 7件(1967) ,斗37-件38. See solut土ons , ibid. , 75(1968) , 682-683.

50. Note on a combinator土a1 identity in the theory of bi-c。工。redgraphs , Fibonacci Quart. , 5( 丁 967) , 2乌7-250.

51. The bracket function , q-binomia1 coeff土cients , and some new St土r1ing number formu1as , Fibonacci Quart. , 5(1967) , No.5 ,斗01-423. Errata , ibid. , 6(1968) , 59.

~2. (with Frank1in C. Sm土th) Prob1em 5612 , Amer. Ma th. Month工y ,75(1968) , 791. See solution , ib土d. , 76(1969) , 705-707.

53. Prob1em H-1 乌2 , Fibonacci Quart. , 6(1968) , No. 斗, 252. See solution , ibid. , 8(1970) , 275-276.

54. Note on a paper of Pau工 Byrd , and a s。工ution of prob1em P-3 , Fibonacci Quart. , 6(1968) , 318-321.

55. Note on two binomia1 coefficient ident立 ties of Rosenbaw且 J.

Math. Physics , 10(1969) ,斗9-50.

56. The bracket function and Fonten{-Ward generalized binomia1 coefficients with app1ication to Fibonomia1 coefficients , Fibonacci Quart. , 7(1969) , No.1 , 23-乌0 , 55.

57. Power sum identities for arbitrary symmetric arrays , SIAM J. App1ied Math. , 17(19~9) , 307-31 6.

58. Invariance and other simp1e techniques as a genesis of binomia1 土dent土 ties , Nieuw Archief voor W土skunde , (3) 丁 7( 1969) , 21 乌-217.

59. Remarks on a paper of Srivastava , J. Math. Physics , 12(1971) , 1378-丁 379.

60. Comment on a paper of Chiang , J. Math. Physics , 12(1971) , 17也3.

61. Reviews #2033 - 203件, Math. Reviews , 38(1969).

62. Noch einma1 die Stir1ingschen Zah1en , Bemerkungen zu Noten von Johannes Thomas und F. Klein-Barmen , Jber. Deutsch. Math.-Verein. , 73(1971) , 1 件9-152.

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Page 119: Combinatorial identities;: A standardized set of tables listing 500 binomial coefficient summations

63. Solut土。n of Problem 783 , Math. Mag. , 鸟斗 (1971) , 289-291.

64. Equal products of generalized binomia工 coefficients , Fibonacc土Quart. , 9(1971) , No. 鸟, 337-3斗6.

。二. Explicit formulas for Bernoulli numbers , Amer. Math. Monthly , 79(1972) , 斗斗-51.

5.6. Solution of Problem 70-21 , SIAM Rev土ew , 1 乌 (1972) , 166-169.

67. A new symmetr土 ca1 combinator土a工土dent土ty , J. Comb. Theory ,

68. The case of the strange binomia1 identities of Professor Moriarty , Fibonacci Quart. ,

69. Some combinatoria1 identit土es of Bruckman - a systematic treatment with re1ation to the older 1iterature , Fibonacci Quart. ,

70. Two remarkab1e extensions of the Leibniz differentiation formu1a ,

_4 --A new primality criterion of Mann and Shanks and its re工ation to a theorem of Hermite , Fib。且acci Quart. ,

72. A remarkab1e combinatoria1 formula of Heselden , Proc. W.Va. Acad. of Sci. ,

73. Eva1uat土on of the finite hypergeometric series F(-n , 1/2;j+1; 的,

7斗.

'-~<::.

76.

The moments of a distr土bution as a genesis of comb土natoria1identities , Fibonomia工 Cata1an numbers , ar土thmet土c properties and a tab1e of the f土rst fifty numbers ,

A new greatest common divisor property of the binom土a1 coeff土cients ,

77. P。工ynom土a1s associated w土th an 土ntegra1 of Eu1er ,

~吧zR, Types of orthogona1土 ty for arrays of numbers ,

79. Speci豆工 funct土ons associated w土th the higher derivatives of y f X J-

80. Brill's series and some re1ated 吃xpansions obtainab工 e in closed form , Mathematica Mononga1iae , #3 , August , 1961. 14pp.

81. Exponential b土nomial coeffic 土ent ser土 es , Mathematica Monongal土ae ,#件, Sept., 1961. 36pp.

82. Note些 on a calculus of Turtn operators , Mathematica Mononga1iae , #6 , May , 1962. 25pp.

8二. The Bateman notes on binomia1 coeff土cients , edited by H.W.Gould , August , 1961. 150pp. to appear. Based on 560 page manuscript compr土sing three versions of the origina工 work.

-106-