INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMANAGEMENT

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY MONITORS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………. 032. SPECIFICATION …………………………………………. 113. VENDORS …………………………………………. 144. PRICING …………………………………………. 23

INTRODUCTIONA liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly.

They are used in a wide range of applications including: computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones. LCDs have displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable, less expensive, more reliable, and easier on the eyes. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they cannot suffer image burn-in.

LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than CRTs. Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. It is an electronically-modulated optical device made up of any number of pixels filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in colour or monochrome. The earliest discovery leading to the development of LCD technology, the discovery of liquid crystals, dates from 1888. By 2008, worldwide sales of televisions with LCD screens had surpassed the sale of CRT units.

Overview

LCD alarm clock

Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With no actual liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. In most of the cases the liquid crystal has double refraction.

The surface of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid crystal material are treated so as to align the liquid crystal molecules in a particular direction. This treatment typically consists of a thin polymer layer that is unidirectionally rubbed using, for example, a cloth. The direction of the liquid crystal alignment is then defined by the direction of rubbing. Electrodes are made of a transparent conductor called Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).

Before applying an electric field, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is determined by the alignment at the surfaces of electrodes. In a twisted nematic device

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(still the most common liquid crystal device), the surface alignment directions at the two electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules arrange themselves in a helical structure, or twist. This reduces the rotation of the polarization of the incident light, and the device appears grey. If the applied voltage is large enough, the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely untwisted and the polarization of the incident light is not rotated as it passes through the liquid crystal layer. This light will then be mainly polarized perpendicular to the second filter, and thus be blocked and the pixel will appear black. By controlling the voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray. This electric field also controls (reduces) the double refraction properties of the liquid crystal.

LCD with top polarizer removed from device and placed on top, such that the top and bottom polarizers are parallel.

The optical effect of a twisted nematic device in the voltage-on state is far less dependent on variations in the device thickness than that in the voltage-off state. Because of this, these devices are usually operated between crossed polarizers such that they appear bright with no voltage (the eye is much more sensitive to variations in the dark state than the bright state). These devices can also be operated between parallel polarizers, in which case the bright and dark states are reversed. The voltage-off dark state in this configuration appears blotchy, however, because of small variations of thickness across the device.

Both the liquid crystal material and the alignment layer material contain ionic compounds. If an electric field of one particular polarity is applied for a long period of time, this ionic material is attracted to the surfaces and degrades the device performance. This is avoided either by applying an alternating current or by reversing the polarity of the electric field as the device is addressed (the response of the liquid crystal layer is identical, regardless of the polarity of the applied field).

When a large number of pixels are needed in a display, it is not technically possible to drive each directly since then each pixel would require independent electrodes. Instead, the display is multiplexed. In a multiplexed display, electrodes on one side of the display are grouped and wired together (typically in columns), and each group gets its own voltage source. On the other side, the electrodes are also grouped (typically in rows), with each group getting a voltage sink. The groups are designed so each pixel has a unique, unshared combination of source and sink. The electronics, or the software driving the electronics then turns on sinks in sequence, and drives sources for the pixels of each sink.

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Illumination

As LCD panels produce no light of their own, they require an external lighting mechanism to be easily visible. On most displays, this consists of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp that is situated behind the LCD panel. Passive-matrix displays are usually not backlit, but active-matrix displays almost always are, with a few exceptions such as the display in the original Gameboy Advance.

Recently, two types of LED backlit LCD displays have appeared in some televisions as an alternative to conventional backlit LCDs. In one scheme, the LEDs are used to backlight the entire LCD panel. In another scheme, a set of green red and blue LEDs is used to illuminate a small cluster of pixels, which can improve contrast and black level in some situations. For example, the LEDs in one section of the screen can be dimmed to produce a dark section of the image while the LEDs in another section are kept bright. Both schemes also allows for a slimmer panel than on conventional displays.

Military use of LCD monitors

LCD monitors have been adopted by the United States of America military instead of CRT displays because they are smaller, lighter and more efficient, although monochrome plasma displays are also used, notably for their M1 Abrams tanks. For use with night vision imaging systems a US military LCD monitor must be compliant with MIL-L-3009 (formerly MIL-L-85762A). These LCD monitors go through extensive certification so that they pass the standards for the military. These include MIL-STD-901D - High Shock (Sea Vessels), MIL-STD-167B - Vibration (Sea Vessels), MIL-STD-810F – Field Environmental Conditions (Ground Vehicles and Systems), MIL-STD-461E/F – EMI/RFI (Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency Interference), MIL-STD-740B – Airborne/Structureborne Noise, and TEMPEST - Telecommunications Electronics Material Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions.

Quality control

Some LCD panels have defective transistors, causing permanently lit or unlit pixels which are commonly referred to as stuck pixels or dead pixels respectively. Unlike integrated circuits (ICs), LCD panels with a few defective transistors are usually still usable. It is claimed that it is economically prohibitive to discard a panel with just a few defective pixels because LCD panels are much larger than ICs, but this has never been proven. Manufacturers' policies for the acceptable number of defective pixels vary greatly. At one point, Samsung held a zero-tolerance policy for LCD monitors sold in Korea. Currently, though, Samsung adheres to the less restrictive ISO 13406-2 standard. Other companies have been known to tolerate as many as 11 dead pixels in their policies. Dead pixel policies are often hotly debated between manufacturers and customers. To regulate the acceptability of defects and to protect the end user, ISO released the ISO 13406-2 standard. However, not every LCD manufacturer conforms to the ISO standard and the ISO standard is quite often interpreted in different ways.

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LCD panels are more likely to have defects than most ICs due to their larger size. For example, a 300 mm SVGA LCD has 8 defects and a 150 mm wafer has only 3 defects. However, 134 of the 137 dies on the wafer will be acceptable, whereas rejection of the LCD panel would be a 0% yield. Due to competition between manufacturers quality control has been improved. An SVGA LCD panel with 4 defective pixels is usually considered defective and customers can request an exchange for a new one. Some manufacturers, notably in South Korea where some of the largest LCD panel manufacturers, such as LG, are located, now have "zero defective pixel guarantee", which is an extra screening process which can then determine "A" and "B" grade panels. Many manufacturers would replace a product even with one defective pixel. Even where such guarantees do not exist, the location of defective pixels is important. A display with only a few defective pixels may be unacceptable if the defective pixels are near each other. Manufacturers may also relax their replacement criteria when defective pixels are in the center of the viewing area.

LCD panels also have defects known as clouding (or less commonly mura), which describes the uneven patches of changes in luminance. It is most visible in dark or black areas of displayed scenes.

Zero-power (bistable) displays

The zenithal bistable device (ZBD), developed by QinetiQ (formerly DERA), can retain an image without power. The crystals may exist in one of two stable orientations ("Black" and "White") and power is only required to change the image. ZBD Displays is a spin-off company from QinetiQ who manufacture both grayscale and colour ZBD devices.

A French company, Nemoptic, has developed the BiNem zero-power, paper-like LCD technology which has been mass-produced in partnership with Seiko since 2007. This technology is intended for use in applications such as Electronic Shelf Labels, E-books, E-documents, E-newspapers, E-dictionaries, Industrial sensors, Ultra-Mobile PCs, etc.

Kent Displays has also developed a "no power" display that uses Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (ChLCD). A major drawback of ChLCD screens are their slow refresh rate, especially at low temperatures. Kent has recently demonstrated the use of a ChLCD to cover the entire surface of a mobile phone, allowing it to change colours, and keep that colour even when power is cut off.

In 2004 researchers at the University of Oxford demonstrated two new types of zero-power bistable LCDs based on Zenithal bistable techniques.

Several bistable technologies, like the 360° BTN and the bistable cholesteric, depend mainly on the bulk properties of the liquid crystal (LC) and use standard strong anchoring, with alignment films and LC mixtures similar to the traditional monostable materials. Other bistable technologies (i.e. Binem Technology) are based mainly on the surface properties and need specific weak anchoring materials.

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Colour displays

Subpixels of a colour LCD

Comparison of the OLPC XO-1 display (left) with a typical colour LCD. The images show 1×1 mm of each screen. A typical LCD addresses groups of 3 locations as pixels. The XO-1 display addresses each location as a separate pixel.

Example of how the colours are generated (R-red, G-green and B-blue)

Photo showing subpixels in detail

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An example of a modern LCD display

In colour LCDs each individual pixel is divided into three cells, or subpixels, which are coloured red, green, and blue, respectively, by additional filters (pigment filters, dye filters and metal oxide filters). Each subpixel can be controlled independently to yield thousands or millions of possible colours for each pixel.CRT monitors employ a similar 'subpixel' structures via phosphors, although the electron beam employed in CRTs do not hit exact subpixels. The figure at the left shows the twisted nematic (TN) type of LCD.

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Brief history

1888: Friedrich Reinitzer (1858–1927) discovers the liquid crystalline nature of cholesterol extracted from carrots (that is, two melting points and generation of colours) and published his findings at a meeting of the Vienna Chemical Society on May 3, 1888 (F. Reinitzer: Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins, Monatshefte für Chemie (Wien) 9, 421-441 (1888)).

1904: Otto Lehmann publishes his work "Flüssige Kristalle" (Liquid Crystals).

1911: Charles Mauguin first experiments of liquids crystals confined between plates in thin layers.

1922: Georges Friedel describes the structure and properties of liquid crystals and classified them in 3 types (nematics, smectics and cholesterics).

1936: The Marconi Wireless Telegraph companypatents the first practical application of the technology, "The Liquid Crystal Light Valve".

1962: The first major English language publication on the subject "Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals", by Dr. George W. Gray.

1962: Richard Williams of RCA found that liquid crystals had some interesting electro-optic characteristics and he realized an electro-optical effect by generating stripe-patterns in a thin layer of liquid crystal material by the application of a voltage. This effect is based on an electro-hydrodynamic instability forming what is now called “Williams domains” inside the liquid crystal.

1964: George H. Heilmeier, then working in the RCA laboratories on the effect discovered by Williams achieved the switching of colours by field-induced realignment of dichroic dyes in a homeotropically oriented liquid crystal. Practical problems with this new electro-optical effect made Heilmeier continue to work on scattering effects in liquid crystals and finally the achievement of the first operational liquid crystal display based on what he called the dynamic scattering mode (DSM). Application of a voltage to a DSM display switches the initially clear transparent liquid crystal layer into a milky turbid state. DSM displays could be operated in transmissive and in reflective mode but they required a considerable current to flow for their operation. George H. Heilmeier was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame and credited with the invention of LCD.

1960s: Pioneering work on liquid crystals was undertaken in the late 1960s by the UK's Royal Radar Establishment at Malvern, England. The team at RRE supported ongoing work by George Gray and his team at the University of Hull who ultimately discovered the cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals (which had correct stability and temperature properties for application in LCDs).

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1970: On December 4, 1970, the twisted nematic field effect in liquid crystals was filed for patent by Hoffmann-LaRoche in Switzerland, (Swiss patent No. 532 261) with Wolfgang Helfrich and Martin Schadt (then working for the Central Research Laboratories) listed as inventors.[16] Hoffmann-La Roche then licensed the invention to the Swiss manufacturer Brown, Boveri & Cie who produced displays for wrist watches during the 1970s and also to Japanese electronics industry which soon produced the first digital quartz wrist watches with TN-LCDs and numerous other products. James Fergason while working with Sardari Arora and Alfred Saupe at Kent State University Liquid Crystal Institute filed an identical patent in the USA on April 22, 1971. In 1971 the company of Fergason ILIXCO (now LXD Incorporated) produced the first LCDs based on the TN-effect, which soon superseded the poor-quality DSM types due to improvements of lower operating voltages and lower power consumption.

1972: The first active-matrix liquid crystal display panel was produced in the United States by Westinghouse, in Pittsburgh, PA.

1996 Samsung develops the optical patterning technique that enables multi-domain LCD. Multi-domain and IPS subsequently remain the dominant LCD designs through 2010.

1997 Hitachi resurrects the In Plane Switching (IPS) technology producing the first LCD to have the visual quality acceptable for TV application.

2007: In the 4Q of 2007 for the first time LCD televisions surpassed CRT units in worldwide sales.

2008: LCD TVs become the majority with a 50% market share of the 200 million TVs forecast to ship globally in 2008 according to Display Bank.

A detailed description of the origins and the complex history of liquid crystal displays from the perspective of an insider during the early days has been published by Joseph A. Castellano in Liquid Gold: The Story of Liquid Crystal Displays and the Creation of an Industry. Another report on the origins and history of LCD from a different perspective has been published by Hiroshi Kawamoto, available at the IEEE History Center.

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SPECIFICATIONS

With manufacturing improving, LCD panel sizes continue to get larger all while prices keep dropping. Retailers and manufacturers throw around a lot of numbers and terms to describe their products. So, how does one know what all these mean? This section looks to cover the basics so one can make an informed decision when buying an LCD monitor.

Screen Size

The screen size is the measurement of the displayable area of the screen from the lower corner to the opposite upper corner of the display. LCD's typically gave their actual measurements but they are now rounding those numbers. Be sure to find the real dimensions typically referred to as the actual screen size whenever looking at a LCD.

Aspect Ratio

The aspect ratio refers to the number of horizontal pixels to vertical pixels in a display. Traditional displays used a 4:3 aspect ratio. Most new widescreen monitors use either a 16:10 or 16:9 aspect ratio. The 16:9 is the ratio typically used for HDTVs. Now a new breed of ultra wide monitors is coming to market. These have a near 2:1 width to high measurements.

Native Resolutions

All LCD screens can actually display only a single given resolution referred to as the native resolution. This is the physical number of horizontal and vertical pixels that make up the LCD matrix of the display. Setting a computer display to a resolution lower than this resolution will cause extrapolation. This extrapolation attempts to blend multiple pixels together to produce a similar image to what you would see if the monitor were to display it at the given resolution but it can result in fuzzy images.

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Here are some of the common native resolutions found in LCD monitors:

• 17-19": 1280x1024 (SXGA)• 20"+: 1600x1200 (UXGA)• 17" (Widescreen): 1280x800 (WXGA)• 19" (Widescreen): 1440x900 (WXGA+)• 22" (Widescreen): 1680x1050 (WSXGA+)• 23.5" (Widescreen): 1920x1080 (WUXGA)• 23" (Ultra-Widescreen): 2048x1152 (QWXGA)• 24" (Widescreen): 1920x1200 (WUXGA)• 27" (Widescreen): 2560x1440 (WQHD)• 30" (Widescreen): 2560x1600

Contrast Ratio

Contrast ratios are a big marketing tool by the manufacturers and one that is not easy for consumers to grasp. Essentially, this is the measurement of the difference in brightness from the darkest to brightest portion on the screen. The problem is that this measurement will vary throughout the screen. This is due to the slight variations in the lighting behind the panel. Manufacturers will use the highest contrast ratio they can find on a screen, so it is somewhat deceptive. Basically a higher contrast ratio will mean that the screen will tend to have deeper blacks and brighter whites.

Color Gamut

Each LCD panel will vary slightly in how well they can reproduce color. When an LCD is being used for tasks that require a high level of color accuracy, it is important to find out what the panel's color gamut is. This is a description that lets you know how wide a range of color the screen can display. The larger the percentage of NTSC, the greater level of color a monitor can display. It is somewhat complex and best described in my article on Color Gamuts.

Response Times

In order to achieve the color on a pixel in an LCD panel, a current is applied to the crystals at that pixel to change the state of the crystals. Response times refer to the amount of time it takes for the crystals in the panel to move from an on to off state. A rising response time refers to the amount of time it takes to turn on the crystals and the falling time is the amount of time it takes for the crystals to move from an on to off state. Rising times tend to be very fast on LCDs, but the falling time tends to be much slower. This tends to cause a slight blurring effect on bright moving images on black backgrounds. The lower the response time, the less of a blurring effect there will be on the screen. Most response times now refer to a gray to gray rating that generates a lower time than the traditional full on to off state response times.

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Viewing Angles

LCD's produce their image by having a film that when a current runs through the pixel, it turns on that shade of color. The problem with the LCD film is that this color can only be accurately represented when viewed straight on. The further away from a perpendicular viewing angle, the color will tend to wash out. The LCD monitors are generally rated for their visible viewing angle for both horizontal and vertical. This is rated in degrees and is the arc of a semicircle whose center is at the perpendicular to the screen. A theoretical viewing angle of 180 degrees would mean that it is fully visible from any angle in front of the screen. A higher viewing angle is preferred over a lower angle unless you happen to want some security with your screen.

Connectors

Most LCD panels have an analog and a digital connector on them. The analog connector is the VGA or DSUB-15. The common digital interface is the DVI connector. This is a digital interface that is supposed to allow for a cleaner and brighter picture compared to standard VGA connectors. HDMI and DisplayPort are two other digital interfaces that are becoming common. Check to see what type of connector your video card can use before buying a monitor to ensure you get a compatible monitor. Some monitors may also come with home theater connectors including component, composite and S-video.

Stands

Many people don't consider the stand when purchasing a monitor but it can make a huge difference. There are typically four different types of adjustment: height, tilt, swivel and pivot. Many less expensive monitors only feature the tilt adjustment. Height, tilt and swivel are generally the critical types of adjustments allowing for the greatest flexibility when using the monitor in the most ergonmoic fashion.

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VENDORS

Prolink EngineersEngaged in distributing and supplying of LCD monitor, video monitor.

Address: Plot No. 6 A, New DLF Industrial Area, Faridabad, Haryana - 121 003, India

Phone: +(91)-(129)-4158059/4158089 Fax: +(91)-(129)-4158053

Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9311530012

Website: http://www.prolinkengg.com/

Graphic DesignsManufacturer and supplier of LCD monitor, flat monitor.Address: 1st Floor, New No. 17, Old No. 8/1 Tassudin Street, Triplicane, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 005, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-28585541 Fax: +(91)-(44)-28585541Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9600008000Website: http://www.indiamart.com/graphicdesigns/business-signage.html

E- Novas Control And Automation LLP, ChennaiSupplies LDC computer monitor, LCD monitors, computer ups, server accessories Address: No. 100, Door. No. 725/469, 4th Chandrasekaran Avenue, Okkiyam Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 097, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-24580862/24580863 Fax: +(91)-(44)-24580862Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9677036273/9791095658Website: http://www.indiamart.com/e-novascontrol/

Adaptek Automation TechnologySupplier of lcd monitors, industrial lcd monitors, panel mounted lcd monitors.Address: No. 26/ 2, F- 1, Priyadharshini Apartments, 8th Main Road, Kasthuribai Nagar, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 020, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-43201005/24455497 Fax: +(91)-(44)-43201005Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9952043520/9840217112Website: http://www.indiamart.com/adaptek/industrial-panel-computers.html

V Tech CommunicationsSupplier of LCD monitors such as color LCD monitors, electronic LCD monitorsAddress: 1st Floor, SCF No - 57 - 58, Sector - 29, Huda Market, Faridabad, Haryana - 121 008, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(129)-4044188 Fax: +(91)-(129)-4044188Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-8860450850/9818227877Website: http://www.indiamart.com/vtechcommunication/lcd-display.html

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Universal InfotechEngaged in offering lcd monitors, computer lcd monitors, flat screen lcd monitors Address: No. B -93B, First Floor, Sector 2, Noida, Uttar Pradesh - 201 301, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(120)-4104364Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9310016100/9958334000Website: http://www.indiamart.com/universal-infotech/call-center-solutions.html

Fair DealEngaged in supplying of lcd monitor, ir remote control lcd monitor, digital lcd monitor.Address: A-2, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 063, IndiaMobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9873514848Website: http://www.indiamart.com/fairdeals/consumer-electronics.html

Wave Infocomm, IndiaEngaged in the manufacturing of flat lcd monitor, lcd computer monitor, refurbished lcd monitor along with lcd projectors, multimedia projectors, lcd multimedia projectors and lcd video projectors.Address: D-478, 2nd Floor, Sector-7, Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 045, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-64584750/45542307/45542308Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9910271456Website: http://www.waveinfocom.com/

Echjay ComputerEngaged in supplying LCD monitors, computer LCD monitors and LCD color monitors. Also offering printers, scanners, hard drivers, pen drives, ups systems, mouse, motherboards, processors and DVD writers.Address: No. 2-B, Kailash Esplanade, Opposite Sheryas Cinema, LBS Marg, Ghatkopar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 086, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-25007999/25002700 Fax: +(91)-(22)-25583809Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9869200741/9821557030Website: http://www.indiamart.com/echjaycomputer/computer-accessories.html

Reliable PresentationsDeals in manufacturing and supplying of LCD monitors that includes plasma panel, LCD panel,small LCD monitors and mini LCD monitors. Also offering LCD and DLP projectors.Address: No. B- 11, Milap Nagar, Uttam Nagar, Delhi, Delhi - 110 059, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-47523644Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9871816844/9871420740Website: http://www.indiamart.com/reliable-presentations/projector-solution.html

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Beon DigitalsDeals in exporting and supplying of LCD monitors such as flat LCD monitors, flat display screens LCD monitors and computer LCD monitors. Address: No. 11/7, Ashirwad III Floor, Lock Street, Kotturpuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 085, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-24472452 Fax: +(91)-(44)-24472452Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9884001381Website: http://www.indiamart.com/beondigital/visual-communication-security-products.html

R. J. EnterprisesEngaged in exporting and supplying of monitor, computer monitor, LCD monitor, high resolution LCD monitor, LCD computer monitor, high resolution LCD computer monitor.Address: 8, Lohana Mahajan Building, T. M. Road, Kharkar Alli, Thane, Maharashtra - 400 601, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-25379150/25379558Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9820692328Website: http://www.indiamart.com/rj-enterprises/lcd-ups.html

SpectomsEngaged in manufacturing and exporting of LCD monitor that include electronic LCD monitors, flat LCD monitors, panel mounted LCD monitors and LCD touch screen monitors. Address: 114, G. I. D. C. Estate Makarpura, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390 010, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(265)-2642441/2634189 Fax: +(91)-(265)-2642441/2634189Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9825043860/9825043828Website: http://www.indiamart.com/spectoms/marine-applications.html

Brilliance Display DevicesDealing and supplying LCD monitor such as LCD display monitor, LCD TV monitor, LCD colored monitor and LCD digital monitor. Address: B-7/46, Safdarjung Enclave Extention, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 029, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-26168754/26168758/26168760 Fax: +(91)-(11)-26168760Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9810139029Website: http://www.indiamart.com/brilliancedisplaydevices/audio-visual-products-rental-services.html

Gopal Systems Private LimitedSupplies and manufactures of lcd monitor, reliable lcd monitor, water resistant lcd monitor, high resolution lcd monitor, user-friendly lcd monitor and multi functional lcd monitor.Address: No. 293, Road No. V11, Telecom Nagar, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh - 500 032, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(40)-65248220Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9290416174/9603325151Website: http://www.indiamart.com/gopalsystems/

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Shree ComputersDeals in supplying of lcd monitor such as lcd computer monitor, monitor tft lcd and desktop lcd monitors. Also offering assembled laptop and assembled printers.Address: Office No. 410, 4th Floor, B M C Market Building, Station Road, Bhandup West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 078, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-67252899Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9224386357Website: http://www.indiamart.com/shreecomputers/computer-assemblies-software.html

Expo SystemsSupplying LCD monitors, second hand LCD monitors, LCD color monitors, used LCD monitors, 17" LCD monitors and 15" LCD monitors. Also offering CRT color monitors and TFT color monitors.Address: 1, Harris Road Corporation Complex, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 002, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-42656473/42656472/42656471 Fax: +(91)-(44)-42147078/42656472Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9884478279/9884718808Website: http://www.indiamart.com/exposystems/computer-systems-accessories.html

Tenet TechnetronicsManufacturing lcd monitors, electronic lcd monitors and compact design lcd monitors along with lcd accessories, gps devices, wireless devices and tracking devices.Address: M. N. Chambers, No. 8/14 P. T. Street, Basavangudi, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560 004, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(80)-42103124Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9901019996Website: http://www.indiamart.com/tenettechnetronics/development-tools.html

Genius Networking Ultratech Solution Private LimitedDeals in supplying of monitors, LCD monitors, laptop LCD monitors, desktop LCD monitors and branded LCD monitors. Also offering CRT monitors and desktop CRT monitor etc.Address: Delhi Mathura Road, Kithwari Chowk, Near Vijay Cinema Hall, Palwal, Haryana - 121 102, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(1275)-623030Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9350404440/9050053008Website: http://www.indiamart.com/geniusnetworking/

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Innovator InfotechDealing and supplying of lcd monitor such as precision lcd monitor, engineered lcd monitor and electrical lcd monitor. Also offering computer amc, computer printer and software products.Address: No. 104 Arth Avenue, Near 100ft Ring Road, Opp Madhur Hall Anand Nagar Cross Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, Gujarat - 380 015, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(79)-26933643Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9662210742Website: http://www.indiamart.com/innovatorinfotech/computer-product.html

Soham ComputersEngaged in trading of LCD monitors.Address: Shop No. 32, Goyal Trade Centre, Shantivan, Borivali East, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 066, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-28963918/28962586Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9869048347Website: http://www.indiamart.com/sohamcomputers/

CRG Electro TechWholesale seller of LCD monitors.Address: No. 34, Old 9/1, Deivanayagam Street, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 034, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-42664091Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9382693114Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/2207749/

Benq India Private LimitedManufacturer and trader of all kinds of LCD monitor.Address: 3rd Floor, 9b Building Dlf Cyber City, Dlf Phase 3, Gurgaon, Haryana - 122002, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(124)-4501400 Fax: +(91)-(124)-4501440Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/64485/

Neeti BooksTrader of all kinds of LCD monitors.Address: H-2/16, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, Delhi, Delhi - 110 002, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-43552649Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1498907/

Aptex ComputerDealers of lcd monitor and monitor.Address: 509, Deepali Building 92, Nehru Place, Delhi, Delhi - 110019, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-26433086Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/772003/

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FYZ Mark Infotech Private LimitedAuthorized dealer of all kinds of LCD monitors.Address: No. 11, Periyar Pathai, Choolaimedu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600 094, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-23611887 Fax: +(91)-(44)-42874115Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1435505/

Microchip ComputersDealing in LCD monitor .Address: No. B- 118, Yash Plaza, Varachha Road, Surat, Gujarat - 395 006, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(261)-4044245Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9909006245/9601451028Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1734019/

Ab CellularWholesale trader of LCD monitors.Address: Akshar, Plot 162, Old Nandanwan., Nagpur, Maharashtra - 440009, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(712)-2746077 Fax: +(91)-(712)-2703293Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9960940559Website: http://www.indiamart.com/abcellular/

MA SystemsRetailer of LCD monitors.Address: Nooranad, Kayamkulam, Alappuzha, Kerala - 690 504, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(479)-2387575/3297575Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9447177575Website: http://www.indiamart.com/ma-systems/

Advantage Computers India Pvt LtdWholesaler of LCD monitor.Address: 96/305 Siddartha Building, Nehru Place, New Delhi, Delhi - 110019, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-41618611/26485384 Fax: +(91)-(11)-26485387Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1988998/

Mark Electronics CorporationManufacturing of lcd monitor.Address: U-1, Central Basement, Green Park Extension, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 001, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-26189954/26177746 Fax: +(91)-(11)-26713747Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/950766/

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Behari EnterprisesDistributor of lcd monitor, graphic lcds monitors and tft monitors.Address: No. 305, Steel Center, 66 F, Sant Tukaram Road Masjid East, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 009, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-23482128/23480992 Fax: +(91)-(22)-66332774Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/959280/

Saga Info Solutions Pvt. LimitedDeals in all types of lcd monitor.Address: 53, Local Shopping Complex, Block A, Naraina Vihar, Delhi, Delhi - 110 028, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-25771849Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9810578881Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1547876/

Bharath InfotechEngaged in supplying and distributing various range of office automation products such as LCD monitor, LCD screen projectors, multimedia LCD projectors. Address: No.7/2, Prof. Subramaniam Street Kilpauk,, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 600010, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(44)-26425354/32990006 Fax: +(91)-(44)-26425354Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9840433799/9382895011Website: http://www.indiamart.com/bharathinfotech/

Patel ComputerDealer of LCD monitors.Address: Mandalikpur, Jetpur, Gujarat - 360 370, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(2823)-224285Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9998186628Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/2314751/

3Walk ComputerWholesaler of all kinds of LCD monitor.Address: A/20, Ekata Society, Prem Nagar, Saki Vihar Road, Opposite Tunga Bus Stand, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 072, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-64229602Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9773964218/9892853097Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/2373025/

Dsk DigitalEngaged in manufacturing of LCD monitors.Address: Tanntrr Building, 4th Floor 1187-11, Off Ghole Road, Shivajinagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh - 411005, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(20)-25511481/25512514Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/2145842/

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Pentagon Rugged Systems India Private LimitedManufacturer of all types of LCD monitors.Address: G- 5, 10-2-10, Maturu Apartment, A. C. Guards, Lakdikapul, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh - 500004, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(40)-23300495/23301261 Fax: +(91)-(40)-23300495Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9440422444Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1722161/

Arise Security SystemsDistributing and exporting of LCD monitor, color monitor and TFT monitor. Address: 309-310, Victoria Cross Building, Plot No. 4/54-55, Saraswati Marg, W. E. A., Karol Bagh, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 005, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-42503032/41450001 Fax: +(91)-(11)-41450384Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9810043139/9810955507Website: http://www.indiamart.com/arisesecurity/

Royal MotorsSupplier of LCD monitors.Address: 64, Sevoke Road, Siliguri, West Bengal - 734 001, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(353)-2434690/2778844/2524643Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/2234102/

Skumar & Co.Trader of LCD monitors.Address: 4/1881-b Rama Block, Street No. 4, Shahdara, Delhi, Delhi - 110 032, IndiaMobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9911703075/9911778347Website: http://www.indiamart.com/skumar-co/

Big Boss Infotech LimitedEngaged in manufacturing and exporting all kinds of LCD monitors, 19" monitor and thin film transistor LCD (TFT LCD) monitor. Also deals in personal computers.Address: 4/2-A , Water Loo Street,, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700 069, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(33)-22303602/22486215Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9830541200Website: http://www.indiamart.com/bigbossinfotech/

S. R. SystemsWholesale dealer of LCD monitors.Address: KBEES Shoping Complex, Shop No. C-4, Ground Floor, Opposite Syndicate Bank, Near Market Jn., Tripunithura, Kochi, Kerala - 682 301, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(484)-3260462Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1858650/

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A. D. I. T E Commerce Private LimitedDeals in exporting and manufacturing of lcd monitor and motherboards.Address: A/37, Vaibhav Chambers, Tribhuvan Road, Opp. Dreamland Cinema, Grant Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 069, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-40686868 Fax: +(91)-(22)-40686868Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9820448800Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/992872/

Basant India LimitedEngaged in manufacturing and exporting of LCD monitor.Address: G-4, B-1extn, Mohan Co-Operative Industrial Estate Mathura Road, New Delhi, Delhi - 110044, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(11)-26972482/26972483/26972484 Fax: +(91)-(11)-26972482Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9312687108Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1693641/

Star TradersDealing in LCD monitors.Address: No 34, Mohd Ali Road, Shop No. 8, Opposite Suleman Usman Bakery, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 003, IndiaMobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9819672656Website: http://www.indiamart.com/startraders/

Z Tech ComputerDealer of all types of LCD monitor.Address: VPO Kingal, Tehsil Kumarsain, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 172 024, IndiaMobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9857185819Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/1689085/

Maps Business SolutionsTrader of LCD monitors.Address: 20/1001, Mahim Fisherman Colony, S. L. Raheja Road, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 016, IndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)-24467192Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9664503458Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/2519901/

Simply ShoppingInvolved in trading of all types of LCD monitors.Address: No. 201, Radha Palace, Opposite Dhantoli Park, Dhantoli, Nagpur, Maharashtra - 440 012, IndiaMobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9370034064Website: http://www.indiamart.com/company/2061522/

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PRICING

Some of the important Liquid Crystal Display (or LCD) manufacturers include Acer; Apple;BenQ;HP;Samsung Electronics; and Viewsonic.

• Viewsonic VA503M 15″ LCD Monitor – 7500/-• Viewsonic VA1716W 17″ LCD Monitor – 7950/-• Viewsonic VA703B 17″ LCD Monitor – 8000/-• Viewsonic VA1912W 19″ LCD Monitor – 9200/-• Viewsonic VA903B 19″ LCD Monitor – 9600/-• Viewsonic VA1912WM 19″ LCD Monitor – 8750/-• Viewsonic Vx922 19″ LCD Monitor – 10950/-• Viewsonic VG1930wm 19″ LCD Monitor – 10100/-• Viewsonic VG1932wm 19″ LCD Monitor – 10300/-• Viewsonic VX1945wm 19″ LCD Monitor – 12000/-• Viewsonic 2030WM 20″ LCD Monitor – 15000/-• Viewsonic 2226W 22″ LCD Monitor – 12500/-• Viewsonic 2235WM 22″ LCD Monitor – 13400/-• Viewsonic 2245WM 22″ LCD Monitor – 16500/-

• L.G. 19-inch W192W LCD Monitor –Rs.7550

• L.G. 19-inch W1942WS LCD Monitor –Rs.7100

• L.G. 19-inch W1954SM LCD Monitor –Rs.7900

• L.G. 22-inch L222WS LCD Monitor –Rs.9600

• L.G. 22-inch W224WS LCD Monitor –Rs.9975• Samsung LCD 15-inch 540N — Rs.7,500• Samsung LCD 17-inch 743NX –Rs.8,600• Samsung LCD 17-inch 732N –Rs. 8500• Samsung LCD 17-inch 740N –Rs. 8700• Samsung LCD 17-inch 732NW –Rs. 8300• Samsung LCD 19-inch 920 NW Wide Screen –Rs.8,950

• Samsung LCD 19-inch 943NWX Wide Screen –Rs.9,400• Samsung LCD 19-inch 932NW –Rs.9,900• Samsung LCD 20-inch 206 BW Wide Screen –Rs.19,900• Samsung LCD 22-inch 2243NWX –Rs.14,900

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