Colonialism/ImperialismColonialism/Imperialism

Jae Lee, Jeemin Han, Kaila KimJae Lee, Jeemin Han, Kaila KimEnglish AEnglish A

April 21, 2009April 21, 2009

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• The age of modern colonialism began The age of modern colonialism began in about the 16in about the 16thth century century

• Sea power shifted from the Sea power shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic to Mediterranean to the Atlantic to discover new lands and by discovery, discover new lands and by discovery, conquest, and settlement, to expand conquest, and settlement, to expand the nations, spreading European the nations, spreading European institutions and culture throughout institutions and culture throughout the world.the world.

Definition of ColonialismDefinition of Colonialism

• The control or governing influence of The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.territory, or people.

• NounNoun

Examples of ColonialismExamples of Colonialism

• The Roman Empire and the European The Roman Empire and the European Empires are examples of colonialism. Empires are examples of colonialism. – They were formed because of They were formed because of

colonialism. colonialism.

• Spain’s control of Cuba and Puerto Spain’s control of Cuba and Puerto Rico until 1898, and Britain’s control Rico until 1898, and Britain’s control of Barbados until 1966. of Barbados until 1966.

Definition of ImperialismDefinition of Imperialism

• The policy of extending the rule or The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.holding colonies and dependencies.

• NounNoun

Examples of ImperialismExamples of Imperialism

• France, Britain, and Germany are France, Britain, and Germany are examples of the three main examples of the three main Imperialist powers in Africa. They all Imperialist powers in Africa. They all took over parts of Africa to help their took over parts of Africa to help their economy. economy.

Discussion Question Number 1Discussion Question Number 1

•What’s the difference What’s the difference between Colonialism between Colonialism and Imperialism?and Imperialism?

• Not much difference, except colonialism is always an Not much difference, except colonialism is always an imperialist act while imperialism is not always a colonial imperialist act while imperialism is not always a colonial act. act.

How does this apply to Nigeria?How does this apply to Nigeria?

• From 1850 to 1960, the British had colonial power over From 1850 to 1960, the British had colonial power over Nigeria. Nigeria. – Nigeria became a country because of British colonialism. Nigeria became a country because of British colonialism.

• This brought diverse people from different regions together into one This brought diverse people from different regions together into one country. country.

• They asserted foreign control over Nigeria for economic They asserted foreign control over Nigeria for economic purposes, and educated the people there to follow British purposes, and educated the people there to follow British standards of “the proper way to think.” standards of “the proper way to think.” – They also brought Christianity to Nigeria, and tried to put their They also brought Christianity to Nigeria, and tried to put their

own people in places of power in some Nigerian governments. own people in places of power in some Nigerian governments.

• They also began slave trade and slavery within Nigeria. They also began slave trade and slavery within Nigeria. Therefore, both imperialism and colonialism apply to Therefore, both imperialism and colonialism apply to Nigeria. Nigeria.

QuoteQuote• ““But stories were already gaining ground But stories were already gaining ground

that the white man had not only brought a that the white man had not only brought a religion but also a government”. Pg 155, religion but also a government”. Pg 155, second paragraph.second paragraph.

• White man brought a religion and a White man brought a religion and a government.government.

• Shows an early form of imperialism, as Shows an early form of imperialism, as they are now bringing in a new religion they are now bringing in a new religion and a new type of government. and a new type of government.

Discussion Question Number 2Discussion Question Number 2

•Was Great Britain Was Great Britain colonizing Nigeria bad?colonizing Nigeria bad?

• Actually the good and bad are balanced.Actually the good and bad are balanced.– Good:Good:

• New technology.New technology.

• Brought people together as a country.Brought people together as a country.

– BadBad• Nearly eliminated religious and cultural practices.Nearly eliminated religious and cultural practices.

• Allowed slave trade to begin.Allowed slave trade to begin.

• Created boundaries for the country.Created boundaries for the country.

NigeriaNigeria

Jae Lee, Jeemin Han, Kaila KimJae Lee, Jeemin Han, Kaila Kim

Basic Facts about NigeriaBasic Facts about Nigeria

• Constitutions after World War II granted Constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria independence in 1960. Nigeria independence in 1960.

• After 16 years of military rule, a new constitution in 1999 After 16 years of military rule, a new constitution in 1999 allowed a peaceful transition to civilian government. allowed a peaceful transition to civilian government.

• The government is attempting to reform a petroleum-The government is attempting to reform a petroleum-based economy. based economy.

• Nigeria still has longstanding ethnic and religious Nigeria still has longstanding ethnic and religious tensions.tensions.

• Currently, Nigeria is experiencing its longest period of Currently, Nigeria is experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. civilian rule since independence.

• The general elections of April 2007, marked the first The general elections of April 2007, marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country’s civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country’s

history.history.

GeographyGeography• Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and CameroonWestern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon• Geographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 8 00 EGeographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 8 00 E• Area: Area:

– Total: 923, 768 sq kmTotal: 923, 768 sq km– Land: 910, 768 sq kmLand: 910, 768 sq km– Water: 13,000 sq kmWater: 13,000 sq km

• Land boundaries: Land boundaries: – Total: 4,047 kmTotal: 4,047 km– Border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1947 Border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1947

km. km.

• Coastline: 853 km.Coastline: 853 km.• Climate Climate

• Varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north. Varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north.

• Terrain:Terrain:• Southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in Southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in

southeast, plains in north. southeast, plains in north.

Geography (cont.)Geography (cont.)• Elevation extremes:Elevation extremes:

– Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 mLowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m– Highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 mHighest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

• Natural Resources: Natural Resources: – Natural gas, Petroleum, Tin, Iron ore, Coal, Limestone, Niobium, Lead, Zinc, ANatural gas, Petroleum, Tin, Iron ore, Coal, Limestone, Niobium, Lead, Zinc, A

rable landrable land• Land use: Land use:

– Arable land: 33.02%, permanent crops: 3.14%, other: 63.84%Arable land: 33.02%, permanent crops: 3.14%, other: 63.84%• Irrigated land: 2820 sq kmIrrigated land: 2820 sq km• Natural hazards: periodic droughts; floodingNatural hazards: periodic droughts; flooding• Current issues-EnvironmentCurrent issues-Environment

– soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertificatisoil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spillon; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanizations; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization

Geographical NoteGeographical Note

• The Niger enters the country in the The Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of swamps to its delta in the Gulf of GuineaGuinea

Map of Nigeria

PopulationPopulation

• 149,229,090 people. 149,229,090 people. – 0-14 years:0-14 years: 41.5% (male 41.5% (male

31,624,050/female 30,242,637) 31,624,050/female 30,242,637) – 15-64 years:15-64 years: 55.5% (male 55.5% (male

42,240,641/female 40,566,672) 42,240,641/female 40,566,672) – 65 years and over:65 years and over: 3.1% (male 3.1% (male

2,211,840/female 2,343,250) (2009 est.)2,211,840/female 2,343,250) (2009 est.)

PeoplePeople

• Population Growth rate: 1.999% (2009 est.)Population Growth rate: 1.999% (2009 est.)• Birth rate: 37.23 births/1,000 population (2008 Birth rate: 37.23 births/1,000 population (2008

est.)est.)• Death rate: 16.88 deaths/1,000 population (20Death rate: 16.88 deaths/1,000 population (20

08 est.)08 est.)• Sex ratio: Sex ratio:

– at birth:at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female – under 15 years:under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female – 15-64 years:15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female – 65 years and over:65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female – total population:total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.) 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Discussion Question Number Discussion Question Number ThreeThree

•What is the current religious What is the current religious crisis in Nigeria about?crisis in Nigeria about?– Christianity and Muslim belief.Christianity and Muslim belief.– Sharia LawSharia Law– Nigerian ConstitutionNigerian Constitution

QuoteQuote

• ‘‘But the year had gone mad. Rain fell as it But the year had gone mad. Rain fell as it had never fallen before.” pg. 24, second had never fallen before.” pg. 24, second paragraph.paragraph.

• From this quote, it shows the climate of From this quote, it shows the climate of Nigeria. Nigeria. – It shows a tropic climate, with changing It shows a tropic climate, with changing

amounts of rainfall depending on the situation. amounts of rainfall depending on the situation. – Some years, they may have a normal rainfall. Some years, they may have a normal rainfall.

Others they may have an unusual rainfall. Others they may have an unusual rainfall.

BibliographyBibliography

• "Colonialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." "Colonialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." Stanford EncyclStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyopedia of Philosophy. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://plato.stanford.edu/entri. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/>.es/colonialism/>.

• "Colonialism, Western." "Colonialism, Western." Encyclopedia BritannicaEncyclopedia Britannica. 20 Apr. 2009 <ww. 20 Apr. 2009 <www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/126237/colonialism>.w.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/126237/colonialism>.

• "Difference between colonialism and imperialism ? - Yahoo! Answers "Difference between colonialism and imperialism ? - Yahoo! Answers India." India." Yahoo! Answers IndiaYahoo! Answers India. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://in.answers.yaho. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070527185349AA0U3oZ>.o.com/question/index?qid=20070527185349AA0U3oZ>.

• Ihuegbu, Nnamdi. ""Colonialism and Independence:Â Nigeria as a CaIhuegbu, Nnamdi. ""Colonialism and Independence:Â Nigeria as a Case Study"Â by Nnamdi Ihuegbu." se Study"Â by Nnamdi Ihuegbu." Southern Connecticut State UniversSouthern Connecticut State University Homeity Home. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://www.southernct.edu/organizations/. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://www.southernct.edu/organizations/hcr/2002/nonfiction/colonialism.htm>.hcr/2002/nonfiction/colonialism.htm>.

• "Nigeria." "Nigeria." CIA, The World FactbookCIA, The World Factbook. 20 Apr. 2009 <https://www.cia.. 20 Apr. 2009 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html>.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html>.

Bibliography (Cont.)Bibliography (Cont.)

• "Scramble for Africa." "Scramble for Africa." Imperialism in AfricaImperialism in Africa. 20 Apr. 2009 <www.usd.. 20 Apr. 2009 <www.usd.edu/honors/HWB/1999/1999f/imperialism%20in%20africa.htm>.edu/honors/HWB/1999/1999f/imperialism%20in%20africa.htm>.

• "Sharia Crisis in Nigeria." "Sharia Crisis in Nigeria." Philip Emeagwali Philip Emeagwali . 20 Apr. 2009 <http://. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://emeagwali.com/interviews/sharia/crisis-in-nigeria.html>.emeagwali.com/interviews/sharia/crisis-in-nigeria.html>.

• "WikiAnswers - Is imperialism good or bad for Nigeria." "WikiAnswers - Is imperialism good or bad for Nigeria." WikiAnswers WikiAnswers - The Q&A wiki- The Q&A wiki. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_imperi. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_imperialism_good_or_bad_for_Nigeria>.alism_good_or_bad_for_Nigeria>.

• "colonialism definition | Dictionary.com." "colonialism definition | Dictionary.com." Dictionary.comDictionary.com. 20 Apr. 20. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/colonialism>.09 <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/colonialism>.

• "imperialism definition | Dictionary.com." "imperialism definition | Dictionary.com." Dictionary.comDictionary.com. 20 Apr. 20. 20 Apr. 2009 <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/imperialism>.09 <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/imperialism>.