Colloquium Talk:University of Massachusetts, Lowell

CWINS

Wireless Access and Localization for Body Area Networks

Kaveh Pahlavan

March 9, 2011 ©KP

Project: Measurement and Modeling for BANs Faculty

– Kaveh Pahlavan– Sergey Makarov– Allan H. Levesque (research scientist) – Reza Zekavat (visiting professor)– Ning Yang (research scientist)– Kaveh Ghaboosi (Post Doc)

Students and Staff:– Yunxing Li, Fardad Askarzadeh (PhD)– Umair Khan, Ruijun Fu, Shen Li, Pranay Swary (MS)– Monir Islam (UG)

March 9, 2011

“the most profound technologies are those that disappear…they weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it”

Mark Weiser

Printer

Mouse

ScanneriBook

Devices and networks

PROGRAM

Morse Pad: 1834

iPhone: 2008

Telephone: 1867

Broadcast Radio: 1920

Broadcast TV: 1941

Computer: 1946

Modems: 1950

Cell Phone: 1972

Appliances

Security Devices

Personal Devices

VCR

WANs

LANs

Sensors and Adhoc Networks

iPad: 2010

©KP

Mbps1 10 1000,1

Out

door

Fixed

Walk

Vehicle

Indo

or

Fixed/Desktop

Walk

Mobility

WiFi OFDM/MIMO

User Bitrate, Datacom services

UWBOFDM/DSSS

Wide Area Network (WAN)- Data rates ~Mbps -Precision ~100 meters

WLAN-Metro-precision ~10s Mbps/10s of meters-Local-precision ~ 10sMbps/meters

WPAN-Bluetooth/ZigBee ~ 100sKbps/meters-UWB ~ Gbps/centimeters

Wireless networks: rate and precision

1000

Bluetooth/ZigBeeFHSS/DSSS

From science fiction to science

Enabling technologies: wireless access and locatization

March 9, 2011

A new realm: BAN

What are the bounds to wireless access and localization?

How the technology evolve?

Understanding of the channel is essential to determine the bounds

March 9, 2011

Which channel? What band?

10

What models for RSS?

Average received power

Shadow fading

Multipath fading

Distance in logarithmic scale

11

What models for movements?

What models for data rate?

12

1TR

0.1

rms

R

Tolerable ISI:

Inter Symbol Interference

(ISI)

Lower bandwidth for more reliable data:

Wider bandwidth more reliable localization

4/27/2009

The first path is not detectable by measurement system - Undetected Direct Path (UDP) [Pah98]

Measurement bandwidth is not wide enough to distinguish the first few paths from each other [Ala03]

Limitations on Bandwidth Undetected Direct Path

What to model for localization?

[Pah98] K. Pahlavan, P. Krishnamurthy and J. Beneat, “Wideband Radio Propagation Modeling for Indoor Geolocation Applications”, IEEE Communications Magazine, April 1998.[Ala03] B. Alavi and K. Pahlavan, “Bandwidth Effect on Distance Error Modeling for Indoor Geolocation,” 14th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’03), Beijing, China, September 7-10, 2003.

Measurement scenarios

March 9, 2011

March 9, 2011

Sample measurement results

Ferit Akgul and Yunxing Li

March 9, 2011

Effects of body movements

Ruijun Fu, Yunxing Li, Umair Khan

Measurement of Doppler spectrum

March 9, 2011 Ruijun Fu, Yunxing Li and Yi Wang

March 9, 2011

Measurement using a Phantom

Phantoms Phil and Hollow

March 9, 2011

Some localization issues

March 9, 2011

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

delay(ns)

Pow

er(d

B)

free space experiment (antenna opposite dirction,2.0GHz~2.4GHz)

air to outsideinside water to outside

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

delay(ns)

Pow

er(d

B)

free space experiment (antenna same dirction,2.0GHz~2.4GHz)

air to outsideinside water to outside

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

delay(ns)

Pow

er(d

B)

Chamber experiment (antenna opposite dirction,2.0GHz~2.4GHz)

air to outsideinside water to outside

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

delay(ns)

Pow

er(d

B)

Chamber experiment (antenna same dirction,2.0GHz~2.4GHz)

air to outsideinside water to outside

Yunxing Li and Umair Khan

March 9, 2011

Simulation for body mounted devices

Ferit Akgul, Yunxing Li and Ruijun Fu

Simulation for inside body

March 9, 2011 Umair Khan, Monir Islam and Sergey Makarov

Scanning real people

March 9, 2011 Greg Noetscher and Sergey Makarov

Effects of human movements

March 9, 2011

Body permittivity

March 9, 20110 100 200 300 400 500 600

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

TOA (ns)

Dis

tanc

e be

twee

n th

e Tx

and

Rx

(cm

)

Linear fitting to get the average permitivity of human body tissue

Measured data Lie fitting results

r()=1.40

Effects of non homogeneousity

March 9, 2011

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200illustration of the calculation scenario (a cross section of human torso)

large intestinesmall intestinestomachright kidneyleft kidneygallbladderliver

FDTD simulations

March 9, 2011

-1 0 1 2 3 4 50

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Sergey N. Makarov, Umair I. Khan, Md. Monirul Islam, Reinhold Ludwig, Kaveh Pahlavan “On Accuracy of Simple FDTD Models for the Simulation of Human Body Path Loss”, which is being presented at the 2011 IEEE Sensor Application Symposium, San Antonio, TX, February 22-24, 2011

Bounds on localization

March 9, 2011Yi Wang, Ruijun Fu, Yunxing Ye, Umair Khan, and Kaveh Pahlavan, “Performance Bounds for RF Positioning of Endoscopy Camera Capsules”, Proceedings of the IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks, Phoenix, AZ, 16-20 January 2011.

Localization bounds

March 9, 2011

Yi Wang, Ruijun Fu, Yunxing Ye, Umair Khan, and Kaveh Pahlavan, “Performance Bounds for RF Positioning of Endoscopy Camera Capsules”, Proceedings of the IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks, Phoenix, AZ, 16-20 January 2011.

March 9, 2011

Real time simulation

Testbed Implementation

Power Splitter

Circulator Circulator

RF Local Input

Others

Forward Channel

Reverse Channel

Mini Test Head RF Port Module Wireless LAN Analyzer Station Test Module

Shen Li, Ruijun Fu and Umair Khan

Cooperative Medical Traffic Delivery Mechanism for Body Area Networks

• Cooperative coexisting multi-hop BANs based on IEEE 802.15.6.

• Sensor devices are connected to multiple data sinks (network hubs).• Traffic delivery through:

The hub of the local BAN, or The hub of a nearby BAN.

• Three BANs with their hubs, H1, H2, and H3, connected towireless backbone (Femtocell)

• We consider channel parametersfor selecting a route to reachone of accessible hubs.

Kaveh Ghaboosi and Pranay Swar

Traditional Applications and Performance

Source: DARPA web site

Urban Fighting Scenario

People/Asset Tracking

March 9, 2011

Emerging Application and Performance

Wireless Access and Localization for Unmanned Vehicles

Wireless Access and Localization for Transportation Industry

RFID Applications

Source: Wikipedia/Google Images

Wireless Access and Localization in Medicine

Smart Environments

Fundamental Issues in Wireless Access and Localization

Applications Bandwidth, Data Rate and Precision Power, Coverage and Spatial Throughput Frequency Band, Regulations

©KP

Mbps1 10 1000,1

Out

door

Fixed

Walk

Vehicle

Indo

or

Fixed/Desktop

Walk

Mobility

WiFi OFDM/MIMO

User Bitrate, Datacom services

UWBOFDM/DSSS

Wide Area Network (WAN)- Expensive licensed spectrum- Voice-oriented access

WLAN-High speed unlicensed- Data-oriented access

WPAN-Ad-hoc unlicensed-Random access

Wireless Networks and Access

1000

Bluetooth/ZigBeeFHSS/DSSS

March 9, 2011

Wireless Access and Localization for Smart Phones and Netbooks