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Colloquia Mediaevalia Croatica - maia.ffzg.hrmaia.ffzg.hr/att/2017/11/CMC04_ bizant_knjizica_sazetaka_final.pdf · Hrvatska starija medievistika i Bizant (Mirjana Matijević Sokol)

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  • Colloquia Mediaevalia Croatica IV

    Bizantski studiji u Hrvatskoj

    retrospektiva i perspektive /

    Byzantine studies in Croatia retrospective and perspectives

    Saetci/Abstracts

    Znanstveni skup u organizaciji Odsjeka za povijest Filozofskog

    fakulteta Sveuilita u Zagrebu i

    Hrvatskog drutvo za bizantske studije

    Zagreb, Filozofski fakultet, 24. studenog Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, November 24

    2017

  • Colloquia Mediaevalia Croatica IV: Bizantski studiji u Hrvatskoj retrospektiva i perspektive Odsjek za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Sveuilita u Zagrebu Ivana Luia 3 10 000 Zagreb ORGANIZACIJSKI SAVJET Hrvoje Graanin Trpimir Vedri KONTAKT Trpimir Vedri Odsjek za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Sveuilita u Zagrebu Ivana Luia 3 10 000 Zagreb E-pota: [email protected] Nakladnik Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu FF-press, Ivana Luia 3, Urednici Hrvoje Graanin i Trpimir Vedri Tehniki urednik Trpimir Vedri Prijevod saetaka na engleski: autori, Hrvoje Graanin i Trpimir Vedri Tisak Monogram d.o.o., Zagreb, studeni 2017. ISBN

  • Bizantski studiji u Hrvatskoj retrospektiva i perspektive

    Byzantine studies in Croatia retrospective and perspectives

  • PROGRAM/PROGRAMME

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    Bizantski studiji u Hrvatskoj: retrospektiva i perspektive

    (Vijenica fakulteta A-201 dv. VI)

    24. studenoga 2017. 9,00-9,30 (Vijenica Fakulteta) Otvaranje Colloquia Prohemium

    Prva hrvatska bizantoloka konferencija i osnutak Hrvatskog bizantolokog drutva (Bruna Kunti-Makvi)

    9,30-11,00 Uvod: koncepti Zato ne postoje bizantski studiji u Hrvatskoj? (Trpimir Vedri) to je Bizant na Jadranu? (Neven Budak) Znanost i politika: hrvatska bizantinistika i junoslavenska ideja (Mladen Ani) 11,00-11,30 Predah za kavu/aj (ispred sobe A-201) 11,30-13,00 (soba A-201) Historiografija I Hrvatska starija medievistika i Bizant (Mirjana Matijevi Sokol) Bizantologija i pomone povijesne znanosti u Hrvatskoj (Tomislav Galovi) Bizantska pravna tradicija u Hrvatskoj (Marko Petrak) Istraivanje bizantske povijesti u Hrvatskoj potkraj Jugoslavije i u postjugoslavensko doba (Hrvoje Graanin) 13,00-14,30 Predah za ruak

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    14,30-16,00 (dv. VI) Historiografija II Adriobizantizmi ranosrednjovjekovnih tekstova kao historiografski problem (Ivan Basi) Komneni u Dalmaciji i Hrvatskoj u historiografskoj recepciji (Ivan Majnari) Prouavanje srednjovjekovnih liturgijskih tradicija u Hrvatskoj u bizantolokom kontekstu (Kristijan Kuhar) 16,00-16,30 Predah za kavu/aj 16,30-18,00 (dv. VI) Povijest umjetnosti i arheologija Kakva je 'bizantska umjetnika batina' iz srednjeg vijeka u Dalmaciji? (Igor Fiskovi) Hrvatska historiografija o bizantskim utjecajima u likovnim umjetnostima: rukopisi, ikone i tafelajno slikarstvo (Ana Munk) Grobni nalazi 8. do 11. stoljea u Hrvatskoj i Bizant (Goran Bilogrivi) 18,00-18,15 Kratak predah 18,15-19,00 (dv. VI) Novitates Bizantske olovne bule s plae Kolovare u Zadru (Dejan Filipi) Najstariji kameni natpis sa spomenom Bosne: koncilski edikt cara Emanuela I. Komnena (1166.) i problem bosansko-bizantskih odnosa (Dejan Zadro i Emir O. Filipovi) 19,00 -19,30 Zavrna rasprava 20,00 - Veera za sudionike (restaurant Pri Zvoncu)

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    Byzantine studies in Croatia: retrospective and perspectives

    (Faculty Hall A-201 dv. VI)

    November 24, 2017

    9,00-9,30 (Faculty hall) Opening of the Colloquia Prohemium

    The First Croatian Conference of Byzantine Studies and the Establishment of the Croatian Society for Byzantine Studies (Bruna Kunti-Makvi)

    9,30-11,00 Introduction: the Concepts Why are there no Byzantine Studies in Croatia? (Trpimir Vedri) What is Byzantium on the Adriatic? (Neven Budak) Scholarship and Politics: The Byzantine Studies in Croatia and the Yugoslav Idea (Mladen Ani) 11,00-11,30 Coffee/tea break (A-201) 11,30-13,00 (soba A-201) Historiography I Earlier Croatian Medieval Studies and Byzantium (Mirjana Matijevi Sokol) Byzantinology and Auxiliary Sciences of History in Croatia (Tomislav Galovi) Byzantine Legal Tradition in Croatia (Marko Petrak) A Study of Byzantine History in Croatia in the Late Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Era (Hrvoje Graanin) 13,00-14,30 Lunch break

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    14,30-16,00 (dv. VI) Historiography II Adriobyzantisms of Early Medieval Texts as a Historiographic Problem (Ivan Basi) Komnenoi in Dalmatia and Croatia (Ivan Majnari) A Study of Medieval Liturgical Traditions in Croatia in the Context of Byzantine Studies (Kristijan Kuhar) 16,00-16,30 Coffee/tea break 16,30-18,00 (dv. VI) History of Art and Archaeology What Kind of Byzantine Art Existed in Medieval Dalmatia? (Igor Fiskovi) Croatian Historiography on Byzantine Influences in Medieval Visual Arts in Dalmatia: Paintings and Goldsmithery (Ana Munk) The 8th-11th Century Grave Finds in Croatia and Byzantium (Goran Bilogrivi) 18,00-18,15 Short break 18,15-19,00 (dv. VI) Novitates Byzantine Lead Seals from the Kolovare in Zadar (Dejan Filipi) The Oldest Stone Inscription Mentioning the Name of Bosnia: The Conciliar Edict of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1166) and the Problem of Relations between Byzantium and Bosnia (Dejan Zadro i Emir O. Filipovi) 19,00 -19,30 Final discussion

    20,00 Dinner for the participants (restaurant Pri Zvoncu)

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    SAETCI/ABSTRACTS

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    Mladen Ani

    Znanost i politika: hrvatska bizantinistika i junoslavenska ideja

    Autor polazi od ralambe tradicije uporabe pojma bizantinistika u hrvatskoj historiografiji te upozorava na specifino znaenje pojma kako se on koristi u toj tradiciji. Naime, bizantinistika u hrvatskoj tradiciji oznaava i podrazumijeva segment istraivanja nacionalne povijesti koji se temelji na vrelima bizantske provenijencije. Taj i takav pristup vidljiv je ve u djelu oca akademske historiografije u Hrvatskoj, Franje Rakoga, i dosljedno se odrava sve do danas, a izvrsno ga saima ve i naslov jednoga od djela koja participiraju u toj tradiciji, onoga Ive Goldsteina Hrvati, hrvatske zemlje i Bizant (Zagreb, 2003.). Fokus takvih istraivanja nije na prolosti Bizanta, odnosno Istonoga Rimskog Carstva, ve na onim segmentima nacionalne povijesti koji se mogu rasvijetliti uz pomo tekstova nastalih u Bizantu. To pak u stvarnoj eksplikaciji takvih istraivanja znai kako se pogled hrvatskih povjesniara zaustavlja i gotovo trajno ostaje na djelu koje se naziva De administrando imperio i uobiajeno se pripisuje caru Konstantinu VII. Porfirogenetu. Autor tu tvrdnju ilustrira primjerom djela Nade Klai, Povijest Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku (Zagreb, 1975.), koje jo uvijek ima status referentnoga teksta. Naime raspravljajui uvodno vrela na kojima se temelji znanje o hrvatskom ranom srednjem vijeku, autorica bizantskim vrelima posveuje tri i pol stranice, od ega su praktino tri stranice posveene ralambi De administrando imperio, i to gotovo iskljuivo onoga njegova dijela koji se danas u literaturi sve ee naziva balkanski/dalmatinski dosje.

    Autor nadalje ralanjuje okolnosti oblikovanja ovakve tradicije u svjetlu kognitivnih i misaonih sklopova unutar kojih se italo ta bizantska vrela u vrijeme oblikovanja profesionalne akademske historiografije u Hrvatskoj. Kontekst koji definira taj pothvat u vrijeme Franje Rakoga i njegovih neposrednih nastavljaa predstavljaju panslavistika shvaanja povezana s idejom rase, vana uloga povjesniara u drutvenom i poglavito politikom ivotu drutvenih zajednica iz kojih se upravo u to vrijeme stvaraju s pozivom na duboku starinu moderne nacije te, konano, modernizacijski procesi sa svim njihovim konsekvencama. Upravo taj i takav kontekst definira vanost djela De administrando imperio i napose

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    njegova balkanskog/dalmatinskog dosjea za povjesniare druge polovice 19. stoljea, koji ga itaju poglavito u kljuu nacionalne povijesti (a ne kao sklop drutvenog znanja potrebnog za funkcioniranje politikoga sredita Carstva sredinom 10. stoljea, to je zapravo djelo bilo), nalazei u njemu gotovi kostur za najvaniji segment meta-narativa te iste nacionalne povijesti, a to je poetak nacije. injenica da De administrando imperio nudi iste i praktino paralelne elemente i za srpsku nacionalnu povijest u vrijeme kad se raa i tek razrauje ideja slavenske uzajamnosti otvorila je mogunost stvaranja dubokoga povijesnog sidrita junoslavenskoj ideji kao izvedenici maglovitih i tada utopistikih panslavenskih politikih programa. Doda li se tomu kako je De administrando imperio u jednome svom segmentu, s pripovijeu o Romanima koji se sklanjaju u gradove koji e ostati pod carskom vlau, nudio gotovo objanjenje politikih odnosa u tadanjim dalmatinskim gradovima, postaje posve razumljivo zato je i kako stvorena predodba o vanosti bizantskoga elementa za jedinstvenu junoslavensku ranu povijest.

    Taj sklop ideja naslijeenih iz 19. stoljea dobio je posve novo znaenje kad je 1918. neoekivano i bez ireg drutvenog uporita junoslavenska ideja bila politiki i poglavito vanjskom intervencijom utjelotvorena stvaranjem Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, odnosno od 1929. Jugoslavije. Nova dravna vlast je u tome sklopu ideja vidjela dobru osnovicu za stvaranje nove, jugoslavenske nacije, no kako je taj projekt bio krajnje ambivalentan za sve dionike drutvenoga ivota, pa i za same nositelje te iste dravne vlasti, tako se oko kompleksa bizantskoga elementa poinju polarizirati stajalita s referencama ne u slikama duboke prolosti ve u silnicama stvarnih odnosa sadanjosti i planovima za budunost aktera suvremenoga drutvenog ivota.

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    Mladen Ani

    Scholarship and Politics: The Byzantine Studies in Croatia and the Yugoslav Idea

    The author opens with an analysis of the tradition of using the term "Byzantology" in Croatian historiography and warns of the specific meaning of the term used in this tradition. Namely, in Croatian tradition, "Byzantology" signifies and implies a segment of research of the national history that is based on sources of Byzantine provenance. Such an approach is already visible in the work of "The Father of Academic Historiography" in Croatia, Franjo Raki, is consistently maintained to this day, and is already well summed up in the title of one of the works participating in this tradition, Croats, Croatian lands and Byzantium by Ivo Goldstein (Zagreb, 2003). The focus of such studies is not on the past of Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire, but on the segments of national history that can be illuminated with the help of texts composed in Byzantium. This, in the actual explication of such studies, means, however, that the Croatian historians perspective stops at and remains almost permanently tied to the work titled De Adminando Imperio, which is usually attributed to Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenetus. This claim is illustrated by the example of Nada Klai's work, A History of Croats in the Early Middle Ages (Zagreb, 1975), which still enjoys a status of the reference text. In her introductory discussion about sources on which the knowledge of the "Croatian" early Middle Ages is based, the author has dedicated three and a half pages to Byzantine sources, of which practically three pages are devoted to the De administrando imperio, and almost exclusively to its part which is now increasingly referred to in the scholarly literature as the "Balkan/Dalmatian dossier".

    The author further analyzes the circumstances in which this tradition was created in light of cognitive and mind structures within which these Byzantine sources were read at the time of the formation of professional academic historiography in Croatia. The context defining this endeavor in the time of Franjo Raki and his immediate followers was represented by pan-Slavic notions associated with the idea of race, by an important role of historians in the social and especially political life of social communities from which modern nations were then forming by calling

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    upon distant antiquity, and, finally, by modernization processes with all their consequences. It is precisely this context that defined the importance of the De administrando imperio and especially its "Balkan/Dalmatian dossier" for historians of the second half of the nineteenth century, who read it mainly within the template of national history (and not as a "social knowledge" set that was necessary for the functioning of the Empires political center in the mid-10th century, and that is what the work actually was), and found in it a ready-to-use frame for the most important segment of the metanarrative of this same national history, which was the beginning of the nation. The fact that De administrando imperio also offered the same and practically parallel elements for Serbian national history at the time when the idea of "Slavic mutuality" was born and being developed, opened the possibility of creating a deep historical embeding of the "South Slavic idea" as a derivative of the foggy and then utopian pan-Slavic political programmes. If one also adds that, in one of its segments with the narrative of the "Romani" seeking refuge in towns that would remain under the imperial authority, the De administrando imperio provided a finished explanation of the political relations in Dalmatian towns, it becomes quite understandable why and how the notion of the importance of the "Byzantine element" for "the unified history of the South Slavs" was created.

    This set of ideas inherited from the nineteenth century gained a completely new meaning when, in 1918, the "South Slavic idea" was unexpectedly and without wider social support realized, politically and primarily through an outside intervention, by the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known as Yugoslavia from 1929. In this context, the new state government saw in this set of ideas a good foundation for the creation of a new Yugoslav nation, but as this project was extremely ambivalent for all the participants in the social life, and for the holders themselves of that same state authority, the views began to be polarized around the "Byzantine element" complex, with references not to the images of the distant past but to the forces of actual relations in the present and to future plans of the contemporary protagonists of social life.

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    Ivan Basi

    Adriobizantizmi ranosrednjovjekovnih tekstova kao historiografski problem

    Kao manje-vie neprekidan dio Bizantskog Carstva od 6. do 12. stoljea, istoni je Jadran sauvao niz tragova bizantskog utjecaja, vidljivog u razliitim civilizacijskim aspektima. Njihova je nazonost oekivana i odavno konstatirana u historiografiji, ali usprkos tome sustavna i temeljita istraivanja u relevantnoj literaturi su uglavnom izostala. itav niz pisanih vrela dokumentarnih, narativnih i literarnih tekstova, slubenih dokumenata, epigrafije, sigilografije, numizmatike, itd. upuuje na jake i drutveno produktivne tragove bizantskog prisustva i njegova dugog trajanja u ovoj regiji. Radi se, istodobno, o vrelima hibridne naravi koja sadre snane domae implemente nadovezane na tipino bizantske diskurzivne tvorbe, predstavljajui tako i u tekstualnoj domeni svojevrstan adriobizantizam (E. Dyggve) ili latinski bizantizam (G. Ortalli), tj. intelektualni produkt marginalnoga bizantskog kulturnog kruga u njegovu proimanju s lokalnim drutvenim znanjem. Istovremeno, ovi izvori omoguavaju nam bolje razumijevanje i tumaenje dosega i karaktera bizantskog suvereniteta na istonom Jadranu ranog srednjovjekovlja. Ovdje e biti ralanjeno nekoliko reprezentativnih primjera takvih vrela, u elji da se prodube argumenti o prodoru bizantske kulture na lokalnom polju, kao i o kontaktima izmeu drutava jadranskog bazena i carske prijestolnice.

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    Ivan Basi

    Adriobyzantisms of Early Medieval Texts as a Historiographic Problem

    As a part of the Byzantine Empire between the sixth and late twelfth centuries, the eastern Adriatic area preserved various traces of Byzantine influence. This is to be expected, but nonetheless it has not been systematically or thoroughly examined in relevant scholarly literature. A number of written sources: documentary, narrative and literary texts, official documents, epigraphy, sigillography, numismatics, etc., point to vestiges of a strong, socially productive Byzantine presence and its longue dure in the region. Coincidentally, these sources are of a hybrid nature (local implements are mixed with a typical Byzantine discourse), thus representing a sort of Adriobyzantism (E. Dyggve) or Latin Byzantinism (G. Ortalli), an intellectual product of a marginally Byzantine cultural zone, heavily permeated with local knowledge and traditions. At the same time, these sources enable better understanding of the scope and nature of the Byzantine presence in early medieval Dalmatia. Some of these texts will be examined here in an attempt to further develop the arguments on the penetration of Byzantine culture as well as on the contacts between the Adriatic basin and the imperial capital.

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    Goran Bilogrivi

    Grobni nalazi 8. do 11. stoljea u Hrvatskoj i Bizant: pitanja podrijetla, autohtonosti i Drugoga

    Od prvih arhoelokih istraivanja srednjovjekovnih lokaliteta u Hrvatskoj pa do danas, obilna graa koju ine grobni nalazi datirani izmeu 8. i kasnog 11. stoljea temeljito je i iscrpno prouavana. Komparativnim analizama i razliitim arheolokim metodama uvijek se nastoji to je preciznije mogue odrediti dataciju i trajanje pojedinog tipa nalaza. Usto, velik je naglasak na pitanju podrijetla te znaenja nalaza, na temelju ega se formiraju i brojni dalekoseni zakljuci o pokojnicima uz koje su oni bili priloeni. Vrlo pojednostavljeno sumirajui raspravu proteklih stotinu i tridesetak godina, moglo bi se rei kako se najvei dio oruja i ratnike opreme smatra izvorno karolinkim, nakit bizantskim, dok bi keramike posude i poneki drugi jednostavniji nalazi bili slavenski. Svi ti predmeti, meutim, esto se jednostavno tumae kao etniki markeri ranosrednjovjekovnih Hrvata, tek poneki kao pokazatelji "autohtonog" stanovnitva. U ovom izlaganju pozornost e ponajvie biti posveena upravo nakitu, uz pojedine druge nalaze za koje se uobiajeno navodi bizantska provenijencija. Prvo e se predstaviti glavni smjerovi dosadanjih razmiljanja o tim predmetima, o problemu njihove proizvodnje, podrijetla i pripadnosti. Potom e se u svjetlu suvremenih spoznaja nastojati preispitati primjerice to njihovo oznaavanje "bizantskima" uope znai i koje su razlike izmeu "bizantskog" i "autohtonog". Takoer, ako spomenuti nakit oznaava Hrvate, gdje je onda zapravo Bizant? Ova i slina pitanja razmotrit e se u kontekstu problematike bizantskog prisutstva na Jadranu i njegovog odnosa prema ranosrednjovjekovnoj Hrvatskoj.

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    Goran Bilogrivi

    The 8th-11th Century Grave Finds in Croatia and Byzantium: Questions of Origin, Autochthony, and the Otherness

    Ever since the first archaeological excavations of medieval sites in Croatia until today, abundant grave finds dated between the eighth and eleventh centuries have been thoroughly and exhaustively examined. The constant aim is to determine as much precisely as possible the date and period of use of a certain find type through comparative analyses and various archaeological methods. Likewise, a strong emphasis is on the questions of the origin and meaning of the finds, based on which numerous far-reaching conclusions have been brought forward about the deceased persons buried with them. Summarizing and simplifying the debate over the last 130 years or so, one could say that weapons and warrior equipment are largely considered to be originally Carolingian, jewellery Byzantine, while ceramic pots and some other simpler finds are thought to be Slavic. All of those objects are, however, often simplistically interpreted as ethnic markers of early medieval Croats, and only some of them as indicators of the "autochthonous" inhabitants. The paper's focus will mostly be on jewellery, along with other finds usually considered to be of Byzantine provenance. Firstly, the main scholarly opinions about these artefacts will be presented - with regards to the problems of their production, origin, and attribution. Secondly, in light of the recent knowledge, it will be attempted to reassess what their designation as "Byzantine" actually means and what are the differences between "Byzantine" and "autochthonous". Also, if the mentioned jewellery signifies Croats, where then is Byzantium? These and other similar questions will be considered here in the context of the problem of Byzantine presence on the Adriatic and its relation to early medieval Croatia.

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    Neven Budak

    to je Bizant na Jadranu?

    Pitanje to je zapravo Bizant na Jadranu? nije postavljano u hrvatskoj historiografiji. Izravno ga se dotaknuo jedino Mladen Ani, dok su se implicitno njime bavili svi oni koji su pisali na temu Bizanta na Jadranu, bez pokuaja da ga problematiziraju. Moemo li Bizantom na Jadranu smatrati njegovu politiku vlast, popraenu konkretnim vojnim snagama dovoenima iz sredinjih dijelova carstva? Ili je dovoljna njegova simbolika prisutnost, ostvarena kroz dodjelu titula pripadnicima lokalne elite? Moe li Bizant biti latinski i zapadni, ili mora biti grki i istoni? Moe li se Bizant na Jadranu ostvariti kroz njegove kulturne utjecaje?

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    Neven Budak

    What is Byzantium on the Adriatic?

    The question "What is actually Byzantium on the Adriatic?" has not been put forward in Croatian historiography. It has been directly touched upon by Mladen Ani, while all who wrote on the topic of Byzantium on the Adriatic only implicately dealt with it, without trying to problematize it. Can we consider Byzantium on the Adriatic only as a political power, supported by concrete military forces brought from the central parts of the empire? Or is it enough that Byzantium was symbolicaly present, through awarding of titles to members of the local elite? Can Byzantium be Latin and Western, or must it be Greek and Eastern? Can "Byzantium on the Adriatic" be realized through its cultural influences?

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    Dejan Filipi

    Bizantske olovne bule s gradske plae Kolovare u Zadru

    Od est danas poznatih bizantskih olovnih plombi s imenima dunosnika koji su sluili u bizantskoj Dalmaciji, pet ih se uva u kolekciji Dumbarton Oaks, dok je jedna objavljena jo 1884. u sigillographie de l' Empire Byzantin. Od ukupnog broja samo jedan peat pripada bizantskom slubeniku s titulom arhonta. Rije je o Grguru, a njegova bula se datira u 8. ili 9. stoljee. Cilj ovoga rada je tom popisu pridodati dvije dosad nepoznate i neobjavljene bule Nikole, carskog spatara i arhonta Dalmacije, koje su pronaene na gradskoj plai Kolovare u Zadru kao sluajni nalazi 2016. godine. Nastankom plae nakon nasipavanja ruevina iz grada iza 1944., bule predstavljaju arheoloki materijal koji je kao artefakt ostao deponiran u Zadru. Arhont Nikola je zasad nepoznata figura u suvremenoj bizantskoj sigilografiji i predstavlja vrlo vaan novitet u poznavanju pripadnika bizantske administracije u Dalmaciji. Tim vie zbog razloga to je Nikola posvjedoen na dvije bule koje su pronaene na navedenoj zadarskoj plai te, prilino sigurno, na buli dosad nepoznatog arhonta koja se uva u kolekciji Dumbarton Oaks. Time broj peata izdanih s imenom ovoga arhonta predstavlja najvei skup pojedinanih peata izdanih za nekog bizantskog dunosnika u Dalmaciji. No, plaa Kolovare je iznjedrila jo dvije bizantske olovne bule. Jedna vjerojatno pripada bizantskom inovniku s naslovom spatara Mihajlu i datira se u 6. stoljee, odnosno u vrijeme vladavine Justinijana I. ili Justina II. i Sofije. Druga pripada Leonu, carskom spataru i strategu teme Kefalonije. Strateg Leon je, osim na ovoj buli, svoje ime zabiljeio i na jo jednoj buli koja se uva u Nacionalnom muzeju u Ateni. Po svojoj prilici, Leon je mogao biti suvremenik Nikoli. Nalazi ovih bula su na navedenoj plai snano potkrijepljeni s nalazima bizantskog novca te s nekim drugim oblicima suvremenog sitnog arheolokog materijala. Navedeni peati predstavljaju znaajnu prekretnicu u razumijevanju administrativnog ureenja bizantske arhontije Dalmacije, te vaan prilog u poznavanju inae skromnog fundusa bizantskih olovnih peata iz Dalmacije, kao i dokaz unutarnje korespondencije i poluga bizantske vlasti na prostoru Zadra u drugoj polovici 8. stoljea.

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    Dejan Filipi

    Byzantine Lead Seals from the Kolovare City Beach in Zadar

    Of six presently known Byzantine lead seals containing names of officials who served in Byzantine Dalmatia, five are kept in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection (DOC), while one was published in the Sigillographie de l'Empire Byzantin in 1884. Of the total number, only one seal belongs to a Byzantine officer with the title of archon. This is Gregory, and his seal dates back to the eighth or ninth centuries. The papers aim is to add to the list two previously unidentified and unpublished lead seals of Nicholas, an imperial spatharios and the archon of Dalmatia, which were found at the Kolovare beach in Zadar in 2016. The beach was formed following the filling up of the city ruins after 1944, thus the seals represent artefacts which remained deposited somewhere in the Zadar peninsula. In modern Byzantine sigilography, the archon Nicholas is an unknown figure and the find represents a very important novelty for the knowledge of Byzantine administration in Dalmatia. The more so since Nicholas is mentioned on two lead seals found at the mentioned Zadar beach and, quite likely, on the lead seal of an unkown archon that is kept in the DOC. Thus, the number of seals bearing this archons name represents the largest set of individual lead seals issued by a Byzantine official in Dalmatia. However, the Kolovare beach has yielded two more Byzantine lead seals. One probably belonged to a Byzantine official with the title of spatharios named Michael, and dates back to the sixth century, i.e either the reign of Justinian I or Justin II and Sophia. The second belonged to the imperial strategos of the theme of Cephalonia named Leo. Besides on this lead seal, the strategos Leos name is also recorded on another lead seal kept at the National Museum in Athens. Leo could have been a contemporary of Nicholas. The finds of these lead seals at the Kolovare beach are further supported by finds of Byzantine coins, as well as by some other forms of contemporary small archaeological material. The lead seals are important contribution to the knowledge of the otherwise modest number of Byzantine lead seals from Dalmatia and the evidence for the internal correspondence and efficient Byzantine administration in Zadar during the second half of the 8th century.

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    Igor Fiskovi

    Kakva je bizantska umjetnost u srednjovjekovnoj Dalmaciji? Shodno sadraju simpozija u izlaganju kanim predoiti djela figuralnih umjetnosti iz dalmatinske batine 11.14. stoljea koja su u strunoj literaturi mahom ve zavedena kao pripadajua ili posve bliska bizantskoj estetici. Temu odreuje injenica da takvih slikarskih i kiparskih radova nema mnogo, te da du obale nisu ravnomjerno rasporeeni tako da unutar svoje vrste ne tvore neki formalno kompaktan korpus. Dapae, ta graa nije ba ni konzistentna u svakojem pogledu, pa ivi pitanje to se u njoj moe drati bizantskim, a to bizantizirajuim, dok u neku ruku noviji termin adriobizantski evidentno izaziva dvojbe. Stoga upitna intonacija naslova moje prijave na ovaj skup nije tek retorika: opravdava je globalno pitanje je li svo stvaralatvo tog nazivlja u danom prostoru i vremenu bilo svojstveno njihovoj kulturi. S obzirom da se utapa u masi bitno drukijih djela zapadnjakog karaktera iz srednjovjekovne Dalmacije, zacijelo ga treba tretirati kao zaseban fenomen koji nema autohtoni kontinuitet svojeg unutarnjeg razvoja. Ustvari su vrlo oiti bizantizmi ak ei u ikonografiji nego u stilu, a iz oba polja epizodno niu svojevrsni derivati ili varijante zasad jo nepronaenih izravnih predloaka. Iako nema sumnje da je protok stoljea tetio koliinama ostavtine, valja nam se iz preivjele potruditi spoznati kakva je ona u svojoj sutini, a onda i zato je takva: pogotovo da li su pokazatelji umjetnosti bizantskih predznaka tek sluajni elementi, ili su sastavni dio kulturnog identiteta primorja.

    U tom se pak kontekstu ni na prepoznatim primjerima reenih odlika nije uspjelo oitati punu ovisnost o jednom jedinstvenom centru ili neposrednu povezanost s nekim od niza pravaca irenja umjetnosti Istonog Carstva. Ujedno nam je ovom prilikom napose intrigantno zato su te spomenike mahom zaobilazili sustavni pregledi njegova nasljea moda iz nekih objektivnih razloga ili zato to ih odista ne priznavaju? Budui da su isti du suelne jadranske obale od Venecije do Apulije diferencirali koliko utjecaje i odraze bizantske umjetnosti toliko i izravnu njezinu nazonost, ak iz Rima klasificirali isti import odvojeno od provincijalne produkcije koja se za njima povodila, oekuje se iste fenomene definirati i u nas. Bezuvjetno su pak meu susjedima postojale stalne povijesne veze potiui

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    u likovnom stvaralatvu sukladnosti izriaja, ali se jo neizvjesnim ine vidovi uspostave i razmjeri ustaljivanja nekog zajednikog jezika. Zato je moda vanije od nabrajanja formalnih slinosti unutar multidisciplinarnog simpozija propitati narav i smisao tih odnosa, te im uznastojati problemski ocrtati okvire kao upute za njihovu ukupnu valorizaciju, to e koristiti i afirmaciji hrvatske bizantologije.

  • - 26 -

    Igor Fiskovi

    What Kind of Byzantine Art Existed in Medieval Dalmatia?

    In keeping with the symposiums programme I intend to represent in my paper the works of figurative arts that belong to Dalmatian heritage and date from the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, and which have already been registered in scholarly literature as affiliated with or completely akin to Byzantine aestethics. The theme itself is determined by the fact that there are not many such pictorial or sculptural works, and that they are not evenly distributed along the coast so that there is no formally compact corpus within their type. Indeed, this material is not quite consistent in every respect, so there is a question of what can be considered "Byzantine" and what "Byzantizing", whereas the new term "Adrio-Byzantine" incites doubts to a degree. Therefore, the question-intoned title of my paper is not merely rhetorical: it is justified by a global question of whether all the artistic creation in the given space and time that is put under this term was inherent to Byzantine culture? Considering that this artistic creation is drowned in the mass of essentially different works of Western character from medieval Dalmatia, it surely must be treated as a separate phenomenon that has no autochthonous continuity in relation to its inner development. The quite evident "Byzantinisms" are even more common in iconography than in style, and derivatives or variants of yet undiscovered immediate templates emerge episodically from both of these fields. Although there is no doubt that the passage of centuries has harmed the quantity of the extant heritage, it is important for us to know from the surviving examples what this heritage is essentially like, and subsequently why it is like this: especially whether the signifiers of Byzantine art are merely random elements or an integral part of the cultural identity of the coastal area.

    In this context, however, it has not been possible to detect, from the identified examples of these features, a full dependence on a single center or an immediate connection with any of a number of directions from where the art of the Eastern Empire spread. At the same time, we are especially intrigued on this occasion with why these monuments have mostly been ignored by systematic heritage surveys - perhaps because of

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    some objective reasons or because they are not really recognized as such? Since both the influences and reflections of Byzantine art and its direct presence have been differentiated along the opposite Adriatic coast from Venice to Apulia, and even pure imports from Rome have been classified separately from the provincial production that emulated them, it is to be expected that the same phenomena will be detected on the Croatian side. Undoubtedly, there had been constant historical ties between the neighbours, which encouraged the conformity of expression in the artistic creation, but the aspects of establishing and the degree of embedding a common language still seem unclear. Therefore, it is perhaps more important to investigate the nature and meaning of these relations than to just enumerate the formal similarities within a multidisciplinary symposium, and to attempt rather to delineate the problem-related frameworks as guidelines for their complete assessment, which will also be useful for the affirmation of Byzantine studies in Croatia.

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    Tomislav Galovi

    Bizantologija i pomone povijesne znanosti u Hrvatskoj

    Unutar hrvatske historiografije pomone povijesne znanosti imaju dugu i bogatu tradiciju, ali nikad veliki broj istraivaa. U 18. stoljeu kao zasebni predmet dio pomonih povijesnih znanosti predavao se na Kraljevskoj znanstvenoj akademiji u Zagrebu, a Ivan Kukuljevi Sakcinski sredinom 19. stoljea predlae osnivanje katedre za listoslovlje, grboslovlje i peatoslovlje na ondanjoj Pravoslovnoj akademiji u Zagrebu. Meutim potonje nije bilo ostvareno. S druge strane razvoj bizantologije u Hrvatskoj bio i jest limitiran kako sauvanim povijesnim vrelima, ali i arheolokim istraivanjima (poglavito u vidu otkrivanja natpisa, novca, peata itd.), te ponajvie zbog pomanjkanja institucionalizacijskog okvira i njegovanja bizantskih studija kako na Sveuilitu tako i u Akademiji. Pomone povijesne znanosti neraskidivo su vezane uz arhiv kao instituciju koja 1848. godine postaje moderan arhiv: Zemaljski arhiv Kraljevine Hrvatske, Dalmacije i Slavonije za koga se etvrt stoljea kasnije (1875.) predlae povezivanje sa sveuilinim studijem povijesti s naglaskom na razvijanje pomonih povijesnih znanosti i to tako da se zaposli osoba koja e po uzoru na sveuilita u Grazu, Beu i Pragu uz rad u arhivu drati nastavu na fakultetu iz skupine tih predmeta. No, to tada nije bilo realizirano iako se suradnja izmeu ovih dviju institucija, na obostranu korist, dijelom ostvarila u radu i nastojanjima profesora Tadije Smiiklasa vezano uz kapitalan projekt Codex diplomaticus. Meutim, bizantologija i pomone povijesne znanosti u Hrvatskoj imaju jednu veliku poveznicu u osobi Milana ufflaya (1879.-1931.), koji osim cijenjene diplomatike radnje Die dalmatinische Privaturkunde (1904.), svoju doktorsku radnju pie upravo iz podruja politike povijesti Bizanta, a 1908. biva imenova za prvog profesora i predstojnika Seminara dananje Katedre za pomone povijesne znanosti (i metodologiju historije) na Odsjeku za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Sveuilita u Zagrebu. U ovom e se izlaganju stoga dati kronoloki pregled istraivaa i vrjednovati njihova djela te ukazati na one pojedince koji povezuju navedene dvije znanstvene discipline odnosno znanstvene grane u Hrvatskoj: bizantologiju i pomone povijesne znanosti.

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    Tomislav Galovi Byzantinology and Auxiliary Sciences of History in Croatia

    Auxiliary sciences of history have a long and rich tradition within Croatian historiography. They were taught as a separate course at the Royal Academy of Sciences in Zagreb in the eighteenth century, and Ivan Kukuljevi Sakcinski proposed the establishment of the Chair for Diplomatics, Heraldry, and Sigillography at the Faculty of Law in Zagreb in the mid-nineteenth century. This, however, was never realized. The development of Byzantine studies in Croatia was limited by the paucity of the extant written sources, as well as of archaeological research (mainly in terms of discovered inscriptions, coins, seals, etc.), but above all due to the lack of institutionalized framework both at the University and the Croatian National Academy of Sciences and Arts. The development of the Auxilary Sciences of History is inextricably connected to the transformation of the Royal/State Archives into a modern archive in 1848. A quarter century later, in 1875, attempts were made at connecting the Archives with the university study of history with emphasis on the development of auxiliary sciences of history have, by employing a person who would work in the Archives and taught corresponding courses at the University, a system modelled on the universities of Graz, Vienna and Prague. However, this was not realized, although the cooperation between the two institutions was partly achieved, at a mutual benefit, through the person of Tadija Smiiklas who, at the time, worked on his capital project Codex diplomaticus Regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae. Another important scholar who worked in those two disciplines was Milan ufflay. Apart from his much-praised study Die dalmatinische Privaturkunde (1904), he also wrote his PhD dissertation on the Byzantium in the Komnenos period. In 1908, he was appointed as the first professor and head of the Seminar today's Chair of Ancillary Historical Sciences (and of Methodology of History) in the Department of History of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb. This paper will thus offer a chronological survey of the scholars involved and an assessment of their research, pointing to those individuals who connected the two respective scholarly fields.

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    Hrvoje Graanin

    Istraivanje bizantske povijesti u Hrvatskoj potkraj Jugoslavije i u postjugoslavensko doba

    Izlaganje je usmjereno na prikaz bizantolokih istraivakih tema i kritiki osvrt na poloaj bizantskih studija te openito zanimanja za bizantsku povijest u Hrvatskoj od osamdesetih godina prologa stoljea do poetka ovog tisuljea. Dvije su orijentirne toke, i poetna i zavrna monografije su prirunikog karaktera. Prva je Srednjovjekovno doba povijesnog razvitka (1980., pretisak 1995.) Miroslava Brandta u kojoj je prvi put nakon Ferde iia jedan hrvatski povjesniar ponudio pregled bizantske povijesti, dodue samo do 11. stoljea. Zavrna je pak Hrvati, hrvatske zemlje i Bizant (2003.) Ive Goldsteina, ujedno i sukus njegovih ukupnih bizantolokih istraivanja. Ivi Goldsteinu pripada sredinje mjesto meu hrvatskim istraivaima u ovom vremenu kao jedinom hrvatskom povjesniaru bizantoloke orijentacije, izdanku tzv. beogradske bizantoloke kole. Namjera je detektirati i analizirati bizantoloke tematske preokupacije hrvatskih istraivaa u ovom vremenu te ih razmotriti i u odnosu na istodobna strujanja u meunarodnim bizantskim studijima. Pritom se iz vida ne gubi percepcija Bizanta i njegove povijesti u hrvatskom javnom diskursu, na to su presudno utjecale politike okolnosti tijekom 90-ih godina 20. stoljea, s implikacijama sve do dananjih dana.

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    Hrvoje Graanin

    A Study of Byzantine History in Croatia in the Late Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Era

    The presentation will attempt to survey research themes relating to Byzantine studies and critically apprise their position in Croatia as well as to discuss the general interest for Byzantine history in Croatia from the 1980s until the early 2000s. There are two orientational points spanning this period, and both are university handbooks of monographic character. The first is The Medieval Period of Historical Development (1980, repr. 1995) by Miroslav Brandt who was the first Croatian historian after Ferdo ii offering a survey of Byzantine history, even though only until the eleventh century. The second is Croats, Croatian lands and Byzantium (2003) by Ivo Goldstein, which, at the same time, was a summarizing synthesis of his year-long research relating to Byzantine studies. Ivo Goldstein has a central place among the Croatian scholars of this period as the only Croatian historian that has received training in Byzantine studies, being a scion of the so-called Belgrade School for Byzantine Studies. The presentation is intended to detect and analyze thematic preoccupations of Croatian scholars in this period in connection to Byzantine studies, and scrutinize them against the background of contemporary trends in international Byzantine studies. A perception of Byzantium and the Byzantine history in the Croatian public discourse is also taken into account, which was decisively influenced by political circumstances in the 1990s, with implications until the present day.

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    Kristijan Kuhar

    Prouavanje srednjovjekovnih liturgijskih tradicija u Hrvatskoj u bizantolokom kontekstu

    U izlaganju autor donosi pregled stanja istraivanja srednjovjekovnih liturgijskih tradicija u Hrvatskoj u posljednjih stotinu godina. Posebno se osvre na istraivanja bizantske liturgijske tradicije koja je bila prisutna na hrvatskim prostorima u srednjem vijeku. Istraivanja povijesti srednjovjekovne liturgije u Hrvatskoj uglavnom se odnose na liturgijsku tradiciju zapadnoga obreda (rimskoga obreda) na latinskom jeziku, te na istu, zapadnu tradiciju na hrvatskom crkvenoslavenskom jeziku i glagoljikom pismu, u istom vremenskom rasponu. Ve preliminarnim uvidom u bibliografske jedinice pojedinih znanstvenika, poput Svetozara Rittiga, Dragutina Kniewalda, Josefa Hamma, Vjekoslava tefania, Agnezije Panteli i Leonarda Tandaria, mogue je zakljuiti da se znanstvena problematika bizantskog obreda, prisutnog u hrvatskom srednjovjekovlju, pojavljuje tek usputno, kao napomena ili kao ostavljena nepoznanica za neka daljnja istraivanja. Autor ne analizira pitanje nedostatka tih istraivanja, nego upuuje na perspektive koje ostaju za budua povijesno-liturgijska i bizantoloka, te povijesno-komparativna istraivanja. Prisutnost bizantskog obreda na hrvatskom srednjovjekovnom prostoru ostavlja tragove u liturgijskoj arhitekturi, liturgijskoj glazbi, pukim para-liturgijskim tradicijama, ali i u liturgijskim tekstovima sadranim u hrvatskoglagoljskim misalima i brevijarima. Ove vrijedne informacije providjeli su spomenuti znanstvenici, ne ulazei u detaljnija istraivanja, a za nove narataje istraivaa predstavljaju bogato vrelo novih povijesnih i povijesno-liturgijskih istraivanja.

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    Kristijan Kuhar

    A Study of Medieval Liturgical Traditions in Croatia in the Context of Byzantine Studies

    The paper surveys the state of research pertaining to the study of medieval liturgical traditions in Croatia during the last hundred years. The author pays special attention to the study of the Byzantine liturgical tradition that was present in the Croatian lands during the Middle Ages. The study of the history of medieval liturgy in Croatia is mainly related to the liturgical tradition of the Western ritual (the Roman Ritual) in Latin, and to the same Western tradition in the Croatian Church Slavonic language and the Glagolitic script during the same period. Just by taking a preliminary glimpse through bibliographic units of some of the researchers, such as Svetozar Rittig, Dragutin Kniewald, Josef Hamm, Vjekoslav tefani, Agnesia Panteli and Leonard Tandari, it is possible to conclude that the research related to the problem of Byzantine ritual that was present in Croatia during medieval times appears only occasionally, as a passing remark, or as a puzzle left for some further research. The author does not intend to address the question of lack of the research, but to point to the perspectives that remain for future historico-liturgical, Byzantine studies related, as well as historical comparative researches. The presence of the Byzantine ritual in the Croatian medieval territory left traces in liturgical architecture, liturgical music, and folk paraliturgical traditions, as well as in liturgical texts contained in the Croatian Glagolitic missals and breviaries. This valuable information has been provided by the aforementioned researchers who never attempted a more detailed study, and is a rich source for new historical and historico-liturgical studies intended for new generations of researchers.

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    Bruna Kunti-Makvi

    Prva hrvatska bizantoloka konferencija i osnutak Hrvatskog bizantolokog drutva

    U svibnju ove godine navrilo se tono dvadeset godina otkako je na poziv Odbora za bizantologiju Razreda za drutvene znanosti Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti i Osnivakog odbora Hrvatskog bizantolokog drutva u Zadru odrana Prva hrvatska bizantoloka konferencija.

    U prvome dijelu skupa vrhunski domai znanstvenici, Mate Sui, Lujo Margeti, eljko Rapani i Igor Fiskovi redom su definirali zato je za napredak hrvatskih povijesnih znanosti vano organizirati autonomna bizantoloka istraivanja. Predloili su, svaki prema svojoj uoj specijalizaciji, koju bi problematiku bilo najpree istraivati.

    Da bi se to moglo ostvariti, drugi je dio skupa, u skladu s programom, bio Osnivaka skuptina Hrvatskog bizantolokog drutva. Izglasan je statut Drutva, odreeno mu je sjedite, izabrani su dunosnici i asnici. Zacrtan je i izdavaki program. Predviao se asopis Croatica Byzantina / kao suplement Radovima Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru.

    Po recentnom osnutku nove znanstvenoistraivake udruge za isto podruje vrlo se dobro razumije da projekt nije zaivio. Kao njegov sudionik i jedan od lanova-utemeljitelja prvog Hrvatskog bizantolokog drutva smatram primjerenim iznijeti podatke o prethodnome pokuaju i prikazati dio dokumentacije te je predati u pohranu novome drutvu kojemu elim mnogo godina plodnoga djelovanja.

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    Bruna Kunti-Makvi

    The First Croatian Conference of Byzantine Studies and the Establishment of the Croatian Society for Byzantine Studies

    In May of this year, exactly twenty years passed since the First Croatian Conference of Byzantine Studies had been convened in Zadar at the invitation of the Committee for Byzantine Studies of the Department of Social Sciences of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Founding Committee of the Croatian Society for Byzantine Studies.

    At the first part of the conference, the top Croatian scholars, Mate Sui, Lujo Margeti, eljko Rapani, and Igor Fiskovi, one after the other defined why it was important for the development of Croatian historical sciences to organize independent researches in the field of Byzantine studies. They proposed, each according to his narrow specialization, the research problems that should be explored the first.

    In order to realize what was proposed, the second part of the conference, and in accordance with the conference programme, was the Establishing Meeting of the Croatian Society for Byzantine Studies. The Statute of the Society was confirmed, the Society's seat was chosen, the Society's office holders and officers were elected. A publishing programme was also drafted. The journal titled Croatica Byzantina / was planned to be launched as a supplement edition of the Transactions of the Institute for Historical Sciences of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zadar (Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru).

    From the recent establishment of a new research association in the same field it is quite clear that the earlier project did not take hold. As one of the project's participating associates and one of the founding members of the first Croatian Society for Byzantine Studies, I think it is appropriate to convey the information about the previous attempt and present a part of documentation and hand it over for safekeeping to the new society, to which I wish many years of successful activities.

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    Ivan Majnari

    Komneni u Dalmaciji i Hrvatskoj: recepcija bizantskog doba druge polovice XII. stoljea u (hrvatskoj) medievistici

    Meu stoljeima bogate prolosti bizantskog prisustva na istonojadranskom podruju druga polovica XII. stoljea ipak nije pobuivala pretjeranu pozornost hrvatske medijevistike. to zbog omanjeg broja iskoristivih izvora, to zbog poimanja o posljednjem kratkoronom iskazu bizantskog sjaja pomalo anakronog, pomalo optereenog linearnim vienjem bizantske prolosti s obzirom na propast Carstva 1204. bizantsko doba druge polovice XII. stoljea motrilo se ponajprije kroz politiku prizmu, uz otvaranje poneto stereotipnih uglavnom partikularnih tema. U izlaganju e se ukratko analizirati te teme, osobito s obzirom na (hrvatsku) medijevistiku druge polovice XX. stoljea, te razmotriti mogui dugoroni iznimni znaaj bizantske vlasti za Kraljevinu Hrvatsku.

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    Ivan Majnari

    Komnenos in Dalmatia and Croatia: The Reception of the Byzantine Age of the Second Half of the Twelfth Century in (Croatian) Medieval Studies

    Among centuries of rich history of Byzantine presence in the Eastern Adriatic area, the second half of the twelfth century has not attracted an ample amount of attention in Croatian medieval studies. Partly due to the paucity of usable sources, partly due to the notion of the last, short-lived outburst of Byzantine glory which is somewhat anachronistic and burdened with the linear perception of Byzantine history as heading towards the collapse of the Empire in 1204 the Byzantine age of the second half of the twelfth century has been perceived mainly from a political standpoint, with some stereotypical themes of a mostly narrow scope opened. This paper will briefly analyze those themes, especially in relation to the (Croatian) medieval studies during the second half of the twentieth century, and examine the possibly exceptional long-term importance of Byzantine rule for the Kingdom of Croatia.

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    Mirjana Matijevi Sokol

    Hrvatska starija medievistika i Bizant

    U ovom izlaganju osvrnut u se na autore koji su stvarali od XVII. do poetka XX. st. i koji su se bavili na razne naine bizantskim temama. Razmotrit e se kada su i kako djela bizantskih autora ulazili u znanstveni diskurs. Mavro Orbini deset godina prije editio princeps djela Cara-pisca De administrando imperio donosi na talijanskom prijevod opisa Dubrovnika iz njegove 29. glave. Jedan od utemeljitelja uope bizantologije Dubrovanin benediktinac Anselmo Banduri uz kritiko izdanje De administrando imperio prvi objavljuje spis De thematibus. Hrvatsko izdanje odnosno prijevod na hrvatski jezik O upravljanju Carstvom donosi Nikola Tomai, izdanje koje je opremljeno komentarom na temelju literature koja se bavila do tada ovim za hrvatsku povijest nesporno prvorazrednim izvorom. S druge strane kritiko propitivanje ovih bizantskih spisa kao izvora za hrvatsku povijest uz citiranje i drugih autora uinio je Ivan Lui-Lucius u kapitalnom djelu De regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, libri sex. Historiografija XIX. i poetka XX. st. nastavila je ovim smjerom. Sumarno u se osvrnuti na radove Tadije Smiiklasa, Franje Rakoga, Vjekoslava Klaia, Armina Pavia, Ferde iia, Natka Nodila i Gavre Manojlovia.

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    Mirjana Matijevi Sokol

    Earlier Croatian Medieval Studies and Byzantium

    In this paper I propose to look at Croatian scholars active in the eighteenth through to the early twentieth centuries, who, in different ways, addressed Byzantine topics in their research. I will explore when and under what circumstances works of the Byzantine authors entered Croatian scholary discourse. To start with, Mavro Orbini published his Italian translation of the description of Dubrovnik from the Chapter 29 of Constantine Porphyrogenitus De administrando imperio (DAI) ten years before the appearance of the latter works famous editio princeps. One of the founders of Byzantine studies, the Dubrovnik-based Benedictine Anselmo Banduri edited his critical edition of the DAI as well as the first edition of the De thematibus. Nikola Tomai prepared Croatian translation of the DAI and supplemented it with a commentary on the literature related to this first-rate source for early medieval Croatian history. The tradition of critical approach started with Ivan Lui-Lucius capital work De regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae. The historiography of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries continued in this direction. In this context I will briefly look at the works of Tadija Smiiklas, Franjo Raki, Vjekoslav Klai, Armin Pavi, Ferdo ii, Natko Nodilo, and Gavro Manojlovi.

  • - 40 -

    Ana Munk

    Hrvatska historiografija o bizantskim utjecajima u srednjovjekovnoj likovnoj umjetnosti Dalmacije: slikarstvo i zlatarstvo

    Izlaganje obuhvaa poetke i pravce razvoja hrvatske historiografije o bizantskim utjecajima u srednjovjekovnoj likovnoj umjetnosti u Dalmaciji od 11. do 14. stoljea na primjerima iz slikarstva i zlatarstva. Pravac razmiljanja o Bizantu na istonoj obali Jadrana zacrtali su Rudolf Eitelberger 1884. i Thomas Graham Jackson 1887. piui povijesnoumjetnike sinteze na koje u njihovo vrijeme nije bilo adekvatnog odgovora s hrvatske strane. Njihove teze opovrgava Ljubo Karaman svodei opseg grkog utjecaja u likovnim umjetnostima na deminutivne bizantske te preusmjerava traenje ishodita bizantskih karakteristika na drugu obalu Jadrana. Nasljee rane historigorafije je i danas prisutno poglavito stoga to se usporedno s osamostaljivanjem povijesti umjetnosti kao discipline uspostavio i monodisciplinarni pristup fokusiran na prisutnost bizantskih stilema, a koji se ne pokazuje kao najuinkovitiji nain razmiljanja s obzirom na nepostojanje dokaza o izravnim kontaktima domaih umjetnika s bizantskom umjetnou i skromnim podacima o prisustvu bizantskih umjetnika na Jadranu.

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    Ana Munk

    Croatian Historiography on Byzantine Influences in Medieval Visual Arts in Dalmatia: Paintings and Goldsmithery

    The paper analyses the beginnings and directions of the development of Croatian historiography on Byzantine influences in medieval visual art in Dalmatia from the eleventh through fourteenth centuries on examples from paintings and goldsmithing. The direction of historiographic consideration of Byzantine influences on the eastern Adraitic coast were set by Rudolf Eitelberger in 1884 and Thomas Graham Jackson in 1887. Their art-historical monographs triggered no adequate response in Croatia at the time. Their theses were criticised by Ljubo Karaman who downplayed the scope of the Greek artistic influences to the deminutive Byzantine and redirected the search for the sources of the Byzantine features to the other Adriatic coast. The legacy of the early historiography is still present today, especially as along with the process of formation of the art history as a separate discipline it has established a monodisciplinary approach that focuses on the presence of Byzantine style. This approach, however, has not proven itself as the most effective analytical tool given the lack of evidence for direct contacts of local artists with Byzantine art, as well as the scarcity of information about the presence of Byzantine artists on the Adriatic.

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    Marko Petrak

    Bizantska pravna tradicija u Hrvatskoj

    Cilj je ovog izlaganja dvostruk. S jedne strane, nastojat e se u osnovnim crtama prikazati prisutnost i znaenje bizantske pravne tradicije kao izravnog nastavka antikog rimskog prava u hrvatskom srednjovjekovnom kontekstu. Pri tome e se ralaniti kako izravan utjecaj bizantske pravne kulture u naem podneblju tako i razliiti oblici njene recepcije te meusobnog proimanja i prepletanja s drugim pravnim kulturama. Tim oblicima se uvjetno mogu na temelju analogije s drugim duhovnim, kulturnim i civilizacijskim fenomenima nadjenuti imena poput pravni adriobizantizam, latinski pravni bizantizam ili slavenski pravni bizantizam. S druge strane, nastojat e se saeto obraditi ralambu opisanih utjecaja bizantske pravne tradicije u djelima hrvatskih pravnih romanista i pravnih povjesniara (npr. Antun Dabinovi, Marijan Horvat, Lujo Margeti) tijekom posljednjih stotinjak godina. Na temelju takve snimke postojeeg stanja, pokuat e se odrediti istraeni i jo neistraeni znanstveni prostori pravne bizantinistike u Hrvatskoj.

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    Marko Petrak

    Byzantine Legal Tradition in Croatia

    The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to assess the presence and significance of Byzantine legal tradition as a direct continuation of ancient Roman law in the context of medieval Croatia. Along these lines, a basic scrutiny will be attempted of direct influences of the Byzantine legal culture in the Croatian territory, of diferent forms of its reception, as well as of their mutual interferences with other legal cultures/traditions, which based on analogies with other spiritual, cultural and civilization phenomena may be termed legal Adriobyzantism, Latin legal Byzantism or Slavic legal Byzantism. On the other hand, the paper will offer a succinct analysis of the outlined effects of Byzantine legal tradition in the studies of Croatian scholars of Roman law and legal history (e.g. Antun Dabinovi, Marijan Horvat, Lujo Margeti) during the last hundred years. Based on the detected state of research, the paper will juxtapose explored and yet unexplored areas of reasearch within the field of Byzantine law studies in Croatia.

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    Trpimir Vedri

    Zato ne postoje bizantski studiji u Hrvatskoj?

    U ovom izlaganju razmotrit u problem epistemolokog i etikog statusa pojmovlja vezanog uz Bizant (Bizant, bizantski, bizantinizam) u suvremenoj Hrvatskoj. Na tom tragu, elio bih razmotriti dva problema. Kao prvo, ponudit u vrlo kratak pregled najznaajnijih dostignua na podruju bizantskih studija unutar hrvatske historiografske tradicije. Kao drugo, elio bih postaviti pitanje podrijetla negativne uporabe pridjeva bizantski i openito negativnog statusa bizantske kulture u javnoj uporabi u Hrvatskoj. Presjek tih dvaju razliitih naina govora (akademskog i popularnog) trebao bi potaknuti postavljanje niza pitanja koja se mogu pokazati relevantnima ne samo za razumijevanja statusa svega bizantskog u javnome govoru ve doprinijeti promiljanju o prolosti i budunosti bizantskih studija u Hrvatskoj.

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    Trpimir Vedri

    Why are there no Byzantine Studies in Croatia?

    In this paper I propose to examine the epistemological/ethical status of Byzantium/Byzantine/Byzantinism in the contemporary Croatian context. My aim is twofold. Firstly I will provide extremelly brief overview of the most important achievements in the field of Byzantine studies in the Croatian historiographic tradition. Secondly I will tackle the history of the usage of the terms Byzantine/Byzantinism in the 20th-century popular and public discourse. The intersection between these two separate discourses proimises not only to provide inspirative insight in the present-day status of all the matters Byzantine in the Croatian public sphere but also help raising questions about the past and the future of the Byzantine studies in Croatia.

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    Dejan Zadro Emir O. Filipovi

    Najstariji kameni natpis sa spomenom Bosne: koncilski edikt cara Emanuela I. Komnena (1166.) i problem bosansko-bizantskih odnosa

    Srednjovjekovna Bosna posljednji se put nala pod bizantskom vlau sredinom 12. stoljea. Jedan od rijetkih izvora o tom razdoblju bosanske povijesti tijekom vladavine cara Emanuela I. Komnena (11431180.) predstavlja carev koncilski edikt iz 1166. godine u kojem on nosi vrlo opirnu i neobinu titulu, a gdje se, meu ostalim, nazvao delmatskim, ugarskim, bosanskim i hrvatskim vladarom. Edikt je istina, u literaturi do sada koriten prema kasnijim prijepisima, no hrvatska, bosanska i srpska historiografija sve do nedavno nisu znale za otkrie dijelova natpisa s tekstom istoga edikta pronaene u Istambulu 1960. godine u sekundarnoj funkciji prilikom restauracije mauzoleja osmanskog sultana Sulejmana I. Velianstvenog (15201566.). Ovom prigodom htjeli bismo stoga upozoriti nau znanstvenu javnost na otkrie i znaaj toga natpisa, staviti ga u ispravni povijesni kontekst, te kritiki preispitati sve relevantne izvore i literaturu o onovremenim bizantsko-bosanskim odnosima.

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    Dejan Zadro Emir O. Filipovi

    The Oldest Stone Inscription Mentioning the Name of Bosnia: The Conciliar Edict of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1166) and the Problem of Relations between Byzantium and Bosnia

    For a short period of time in the mid-twelfth century the Byzantine authority extended over Bosnia for the last time. One of the rare sources about this stage of Bosnian history during the reign of emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1143-1180) is the emperors Conciliar Edict of 1166, which features an extensive and peculiar title for the emperor styling himself as Delmatic, Hungarian, Bosnian and Croatian ruler. Admittedly, the edict has previously been used by historians, albeit on the basis of later transcriptions, but the Croatian, Bosnian and Serbian historiographies have not until recently been aware of the text fragments that were discovered in Istanbul during the restoration of the Mausoleum of Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent (1520-1566) in 1960. On this occasion we would like to inform our scholarly audience about the discovery and significance of this inscription, situate it in a proper historical context, and critically evaluate all extant sources and relevant literature on the relations between Byzantium and Bosnia at that time.

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    Kakva je bizantska umjetnost u srednjovjekovnoj Dalmaciji?Shodno sadraju simpozija u izlaganju kanim predoiti djela figuralnih umjetnosti iz dalmatinske batine 11.14. stoljea koja su u strunoj literaturi mahom ve zavedena kao pripadajua ili posve bliska bizantskoj estetici. Temu odreuje injenica da...Byzantinology and Auxiliary Sciences of History in Croatia