THE LIBRARYOF

THE UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIALOS ANGELES

A CATALOGUEOF

ENGLISH COINSIN THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

ANGLO-SAXON SERIES.

Volume II.

(WESSEX AND ENGLAND TO TEE NOBMAN CONQUEST.)

BY

HERBERT A. GEUEBER, F.S.A.,

ASSrSTANT KEU'ER OF COINS AND MEDALS;

AND

CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY, M.A., F.SA.

WITH ONE MAP AND THIRTY-TWO PLATES.

LONDON:PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

B. QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, W.

;

Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press Warehouse, Amen Court, E.C.

;

C. RoLLiN & Feuardent, 19, Bloomsbury Street, W.C, and 4 Rue Louvois, Paris;

A, AsiiER & Co. ; Kegan Paul, TRiJBNER & Co. ; Longmans, Green & Co.

1893.

r^)si)OM :

•Ul.\li;t> liV WIM.IAM CUiWhlS AND SONS, LIMlTliD,

bTAUFuKI) ^Tla:KT AND CIIABING CKUSS.

PRii::-.^-Aii.

CJ

PREFACEBY THE KEEPER OF COINS.

This volume of the Catalogue of Englisli Coins in the British

Museum contains descriptions of the Coins of Wessex from

Ecgheorht to Eadwig, and of those of All England from

Eadgar to the Norman Conquest. Taken in conjunction with

the first volume, which dealt with the coinages of Mercia,

Kent, East Anglia, and Northumbria, it completes the descrip-

tion of all the Anglo-Saxon Coins in the National Collection.'C3'

In the lists of moneyers given in the first volume the names

of those not represented in the National Collection were

inserted. In the present volume this scheme has been further

extended by including all known types of Coins, whether or

not represented in the Museum series. The names of

moneyers and the descriptions of the types of Coins not in

the Museum are printed in italics.

As the Coins in the volume are all Silver Pennies (unless

otherwise described), the weight only of each piece is given,

and not the size or metal.

This volume has been compiled by Mr. H. A. Grueber, F.S.A.,

Assistant Keeper of Coins, and by Mr. Charles F. Keary, F.S.A.,

the author of the first volume. Mr. Keary is responsible for

the Introduction, and Mr. Grueber for the description of the

Coins, the Indexes, the Illustrations, and for seeing the work

through the press.

BAKCLAY y. HEAD.

21 .'55135

CONTENTS.

PAGB

PREFACE iii

INTRODUCTION xi

Arrangement ......... xi

Contents of Present Volume ...... xi

Typos and Moneyors not in National Collection included . xii

Relation of coinage to history ...... xii

History xiii

Ec^'beorht .......... xiii

Rise of the power of Wessex ..... xiii

Battles of Camel ford and Ellandune . . . . xiv

Extent of power of Ecgbeorht ..... xv

Institution of a West Saxon coinage . . . . xvii

Distinction between Kentish and West Saxon types . xix

Type derived from Prankish coinage .... xx

First coming of the Vikings ..... xxi

Coins carried by Vikings from England to Ireland . . xxii

^thelwulf xxiii

Viking attacks on England continued . . . . xxiii

jEthclbald's rebellion and the j^artitiun of the Kingdom. xxv

iEthelbald xxvii

Extreme rarity of ^Ethelbald's coins cannot be explained xxvii

^thelbearht ......... xxviii

.ffithelred I xxviii

Vilving invasion of England ...... xxviii

The three great invasions of England during the period

covered by the present volume .... xxix

' Vikinga ' distinguished from ' Danes ' of the tenth

and eleventh centuries . . . . . . xxix

Republican character of tiie Vikings .... xxx

Invasion of Wessex ....... xxxii

Alfred .......... xxxii

First payment of ransom to the Vikings . . . . xxxiii

London coinage of Hal fdan . ..... xxxiv

VI rONTKNTS.

Unnuuy—JVAtntl—roHtintiril.

rriici<« <linK« "f ({ullKjnn'H army

I'lw't- of Wwlnioro . . . • •

Im'n«i«' in tin- |M>wor of Kiij,'liHh kinfjH

UikIiUi of coliiHgt! r<-«C!rvr<l for over-king

lABt m-riouH nttiy-k of the Vikings .

Clironologiral orrangonifiit of ^Tiifrcds coinage

Viking. coinages, bnrbaroua Imitotions of Wcbbcx coinage,

A<-

FninkiMil and Scandinavian moneyers .

Snniiiinry of ' Viking' coinages

Jjidwwird tiic Elder

Rebellion of iEthclbald

F'xteiminn of West Saxon rule

Iluilding of the //Hr(;»i .....Sulimiiwion nf Vikinj:;3 ))y 'armies'

Improvement of coinage under Eadweard the Elder

ifltlielHtnn .......Scandinavian States in Northern Europe

South-Humbrian and Northumbrian Danes .

CJreatnesB of ^Ethelstan.....Nmiiismatic records of extension of English rule

Uiittle of Brunauburg .....Eadniund .......

Kndmund and the Northumbrian Danes .

Submission of the Five Burgs and of Northumbria

Eadn'd ........Kovolt of Northumbria ....Nortliumbriau coinage an evidence of power of Danish

Kings of Northumbria ....Ett'lwi;: ........

Em of txternal peace begins with Eadwig

Religious struggles .....Ea«lg5ir •••.....

English and Danes in Wales

Homage to Eadgar on Dee ....Coinnge of Eadgar .....

Kavlwtaril II. ..... ^

.Klholretl II

Cntues of the decoy of the English nation

Bncial and religious divisions

Renewal of Nortliern invasions

< >lnf Tryggvasmi ....

CONTENTS. vu

HiSTOEY—jEthelied 11.

—

continued.

Battle of Maldou

Olaf and Svend ....JSthelred's revenge on Danes in England

Massacre of St. Brice....Fall of Olaf Tryggvason at Svold

Marriage of ^thelred and EmmaInvasion of Svend .

Dancgeld .....Conquest of England by Svend

Death of Svend ....Invasion of Cnut .

Eadmund Ironside ....Treaty of Olney

Death of Eadmund Ironside

Coinage of Ethelred II. ; its great influence

navia ......Cnut

Scandinavian Empire ruled by Cnut

Establishment of standing army of huscarls .

Peace established by Cnut

Cnut's viceroys ....Harold I

Murder of iElfred the ^theling .

Fall of Cnut's Empire .

Harthacnut .....Coinage of Danish kings

Edward the Confessor

The house of Godwine .

Norman influence

Harold II

Invasion of Harthacnut and Tostig

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Norman Conquest .....Coinage of Edward the Confessor and of Harold II

MONEYERS

Large number of moneyers' names . .

Difficulties in the way of determining exact form intended

Earlier moneyers' names all Anglo-Saxon forms .

Appearance of Frankish and Scandinavian names .

Status of moneyer ......Signification of ' Mouct.,' ' Moneta"...

Scandi-

Ixxiii

Ixxiv

Ixxv

Ixxvi

Ixxvi

Ixxvii

Ixxvii

Ixxviii

Ixxix

Ixxix

Ixxix

Lxxx

Ixxx

Ixxx

Ixxxi

Ixxxii

Ixxxii

Ixxxiii

Ixxxiv

Ixxxvi

Ixxx^^ii

Ixxxvii

Ixxxviii

Ixxxviii

Ixxxix

xcii

xcii

xciii

xciv

xciv

xcv

xcv

xcvi

XCVlll

xcviii

xcix

cii

ciii

ciii

cv

Vtll CONTENTS.

TAOK

Tviw cvi

llmir n-lifcioiw rimniotcr cvii

Kloml (Icaifni*. ImiMingii, Ac, on coinB .... cvii

Origin or myal buat, crown, helmet, &c. ..... cvii

roitraituro on coinH cvii

Inilc|M>nJfnt chamctcr of typos of English coins • cviii

MrjfTfl cviii

Anglo-Saxon laws relating to mints . . ... cviii

Qrowtb of mints ........ ciz

Diflloiilticfl in identifying mints ...... ex

Chanj^ps of dies ........ ex

Historical notes on doubtful and new mints . . . . cxi-cxxi

BuMMAUT of History and Anglo-Saxon coinage .... cxxi

Map or Enoi^nd illustrating the Anglo-Saxon Mints.

CATALOGUE—Kingdom of Wessex

ECGUEoRIlT

Moneyers

Ty|KS

Coins .

.aitbelwulf

Mont'jers

Types

Coins .

iEtholhald

Monoyere

Coins

.£tl)clbearlit

Moneyers

Typos .

Coins

iBthclred I.

Moneyers .

Types .

Coins

.£1frpd

Bloneyers .

Types .

Coins

1

1

1

1

6

9

9

9

13

21

21

21

22

22

22

23

27

27

27

28

32

32

33

38

CONTENTS. IX

PACE

Kingdom of Wessex—continued.

Eadweard the Elder ........ 83

Moneyers ......... 83

Types 84

Coins 87

.ffithelstan 101

Moneyers. ........ 101

Types 103

Coins 105

Eadmund 122

Moneyers......... 122

Types 123

Coins 124

Eadred 142

Moneyers 142

Types .......... 143

Coins ......... 144

Eadwig 156

Moneyers 156

Types 156

Coina 158

Kingdom of England ........ 163

Eadgar .......... 163

Moneyers ......... 163

Types 165

Coins 168

Eadweard II. (The Martyr) 191

Moneyers ......... 191

Types 192

Coins . . • 192

^thelra3d II 197

Moneyers ......... 197

Types 202

Coins 208

Cnut 243

Moneyers ......... 243

Types 248

Coins 255

Harold 1 302

Moneyers 302

Types 304

Coins 307

CONTENTS.

KiNitiN)M or V.s^^l.^Sl^-continu«(l.

320

MoiM'jTrn ...-•••Typwi ^^^

CoinH 325

Kdwnnl tlio Confessor 329

Mom-yoni 329

Typ<* 334

Coins ......•••• 339

Iliiroia II 460

Monoycre ......... 460

Typos 461

Coins 461

Ikpkxrs 475

(Jcniml Index ......... 477

Index of Moneyora ........ 495

IndcxofTyjKB 532

Index of MiuU) 537

Tables 541

INTRODUCTION.

The present volume of the Catalogue of English Coins Arrange-

continues and completes the description of the coins which *^^^^"

were struck in this country between the Coming of the

English and the Norman Conquest. As it was impossible to

describe in one volume the whole number of pieces, issued

during this period, which are contained in the National Col-

lection, the arrangement adopted has been to distribute the

coinage into certain classes corresponding to the different

heptarchic kingdoms in which the coins were struck. Theheptarchic kingdoms of which we possess coins are five

:

Mercia, Kent, East Anglia, Northumbria, and Wessex. Thecoinages of the first four of these districts are described in

Volume I. The coinage of Wessex has been reserved for

the present volume, as it merges into that of All England.

These last two series—or say, rather, this single series in

its completeness—is of course more extensive than those

of the other kingdoms put together ; and if the first object

kept in view had been the preservation of a uniformity in

the size of the volumes, it would have been better to

describe in Volume I. the coinage of Wessex down, say, to

the reign of Eadgar, and to reserve the coinage of All

England—and Eadgar's coins may fairly be so described—

for the second Volume. But this arrangement would have

involved breaking into a series which is really continuous

;

and the compilers of the Catalogue felt that that would be

too great a sacrifice to make for the sake of a merely

superlicial uniformity. As it is, we see that the body of

the present volume contains, with indexes, &c., 54.4 pages

as compared with the 282 pages of Volume I., and the

description of 4106 coins as compared with 2558 previously

xii INTRODUCTION.

aoHoribod. Tlina tho wlu.lo collection of Anplo-Saxon coins

in the HritiHli MuHoum, or, if the exproHHion bo preferred, of

coins struck l.y the EntjliHli previons to tho Norman Conquest,

numbers at the present njoment i'liU'A.

In the last volume the plan was adopted of enlarf,Mng the

contents of tho Catalogue somewhat beyond the limits sug-

gested by its title and its immediate purpose, by inserting, in

the lists of monejers, names which are not represented in the

National Collection. Of the present volume the scheme

has been further extended to include all types of coins

whether or not represented among the Museum coins. The

comparative poverty of the National Collection in certain

branches— as, for example, in the coins of iEthelred II., of

which the Stockholm Museum possesses a much larger

number than does the British Museum—rendered this ex-

tension of the jdan of the Catalogue highly desirable if not

absolutely necessary.

Tho period of history covered by the coinage described in

this volume extends from the accession of Ecgbeorht of

AVcssex—the lirst king of Wessex who struck coins—to the

Norman Conquest, or from a.d. 802 to a.d. 106d, a period of

two centuries and a half. To speak, however, with strict

accuracy we should date the beginning of the period from the

battle of Ellandune, a.d. 825, for, as will presently be seen, it

is not probable that Ecgbeorht struck any money before that

event. To some extent the present period overlaps that

covered by tho first volume. It is necessary to assume that

the reader of the present Introduction has read, or is in a

position to read, the Introduction to and the body of the

preceding volume; for it would be impossible to repeat at

length either the history of the coinage or the description

of certain series of coins there given. It is, again, not the

part of the compilers of the Catalogue to enter into any-

thing like a detailed history of England for the period

under consideration. The only details to which we need

descend are those which immediately afi'ect the issue of the

coinage. These will not be many. As a rule, the point at

which the history of the currency touches political history

is in the wider social aspects of the latter. It illustrates

INTRODUCTION. Xlll

the peaceful or disturbed state of the country by its excellence

or its barbarism ; the wealth of the country at any jmrticular

time by its quantity. Some of the coinages with which wehave to deal are records of the recovery of England by the

English kings ; for we find .^Ethelstan and his successors

striking at mint places which a short while before had been

in the hands of the Danes. At another time the coinage of

England, taken in connection with those of some neighbour

countries, is a record of the rapprochement which had taken

place between England and the Scandinavian countries of

Europe. But even in such cases as these we must not look

to the coins to give us exact dates or any of the minute

details of history.

The reign of Ecgbeorht brings to a close the first great Histoky.

period in the history of the English, that of the long Ecgbeorht.

struggles between the heptarchic kingdoms of England.

These struggles, as was pointed out in the last volume,

were due chiefly, first to the rivalries of Northumbria andMercia, secondly to the rivalries of Mercia and Wessex.

Mercia rose for a second time to pre-eminence under Ofia,

with whom begins the continuous (penny) coinage of

England : and it retained this pre-eminence under Coenwulf,

Ofia's son. In their reigns the kings of Kent and EastAnglia were little better than viceroys to the kings of

Mercia. Beorhtric, the king of Wessex, Ofta's son-in-law,

was in much the same position. Ecgbeorht, the legitimate

prince, was driven from Wessex and took refuge at the

Court of Charles the Great. It is probable that his exile

dates from the marriage of Beorhtric to the daughter of

Offa, and was continued till Beorhtric's death, that is for

a period of thirteen years (a.d. 789-802).*

We need not here stay to discuss the theories which have

been enunciated of the imperial ambition which might have

been fostered in Ecgbeorht's mind by his friendship with

the first emperor of the New Western Empire. For there

was in reality nothing essentially new in the policy of

See Die. Nat. Bhg. s.v. Egbert.

xiy INTROniTCTION.

W0H8OX uiulor hor now kin^. EcgboorlifH policy wrh the

jM.licy of nil the lioi)tftrchic kiiiKH who Mt thomselves

Hutlii-irntly Mroup, to cntcrtftin it. The poHition of WoHsex,

howovor, as jin outpoHt of iMigli.sh conquest, obliged itH

king to concern himsolf much with the subjugation of

hiH Celtic neighl)()urH, the North Welsh of Wales proper

and the West Welsh of Cornwall. This warfare in which

Ecgbeorht was first engaged was the concern of Wessex,

not in any sense a national English warfare. After his

victories over the Celts (First harrying of the West Welsh,

A.I). 815; victory of Camelford a.d. 825), the policy of

Wessex required that Ecgbeorht should, if possible, assert

his supremacy over ]\Iercia, or he would once more sink into

iusigniticance. Ecgbeorht's Welsh wars were so far from

being ' national ' wars, that Mercia had taken advantage of

them to invade Wessex. But Mercia was no longer as great

as it had been when Ecgbeorht fled to Fraucia. Ecgbeorht

was favoured by the failure of the great line of Ofifa, by the

rise of kings of inferior worth, and, as is probable, by a

disputed succession. (Deposition of Ceolwulf, and accession

of Beornwulf, not of Ofta's line, a.d. 822 or 4. See Vol. I.

p. Iviii.)

Beornwulf was defeated by Ecgbeorht at the battle of

EUandune before spoken of. This victory established the

supremacy of Wessex. The Clironicle continues, speaking

of Ecgbeorht :' He then sent .."Ethelwulf his son . . . with

Ealhstan his bishop, and Wulfheard his ealdorman, to Kentwith a large force ; and they drove Baldred the king north

over the Thames. And the Kentish people and those of

Surrey, and the South Saxons and the East Saxons turned to

him because they had been unjustly forced from his kinsmen.'*

• From hi$ nutgum. ^fa^lJ luay nitftii only a neighbour. But the kinsmenhcrr muiDt ftn.> prolwbly tho former kings of Wessex, such as Inc. of whomK<-j;l)oorlit WHS a rehiticin, not a descemlant. There is jxrhaps a difficulty

for this translation in nferring the * him' {him tocirdon, * turned to him ') to

EogUorht. Mr. Earle translates toei'rdon as 'turned away from,' and refers

the him to Rnldre-l, rondiring the whole pajssage, 'They drove Baldred theking over the Thames ; and the Kentish men threw off their allegiance to

him, as did the men of Surrey, Sussex, and Essex, on the ground that theyhad Ux>n originally unjustly subdued by his family.'

INTRODUCTION. XV

This event heralds the foundation of the West Saxon

coinage. The addition of Essex to the kingdom of "Wessex

does not seem to have been maintained.

The year following the East Anglians too prayed the

protection of Ecgbeorht, and when Beornwulf the king of

Mercia sought to punish them, they defeated and slew him.

The same fate befell Beornwulfs successor Ludican. Ecg-

beorht obtained a sort of supremacy over the East Engle

;

and in a.d. 829 the Northumbrians even consented to

acknowledge his over-lordship.

It is now that we first hear of the title of Bretwalda

about which there has been so much discussion among

historians. According to the Chronicle it is the same as

the imperial title which Beda bestows upon some of the

early heptarchic kings. Beda ascribes this imperium to

certain kings, but in a fashion which appears so arbitrary that

it is difficult to formulate any tenable theory as to what it

could have signified, or what was the bretwalda-dom which the

Chronicle says is the same thing. But concerning the latter

I think we may assume that it was rather a bookish dis-

tinction than a real one. A title of pre-eminence which is

not bestowed upon the famous and magnificent Offa could not

have had any strict relation to the possession of real power.

Still, an empty title is quite as often an object 'of ambition

as real power, more especially among barbarous or half

barbarous peoples ; and in reading history we are apt

to give too definite a meaning to such words as suhmission,

tribute, supremacy. Concerning the real power of Ecgbeorht

in England the one thing of which we may be sure is that

it did not extend beyond the Humber. The Northumbrians

we are told met him at Dore (near Sheffield), or by the

stream Dore,* and made submission. The formal act, which

had no real political significance, was, we may be sure,

all that Ecgbeorht required. The Northumbrian kings con-

* This Dore continuctl to be tlie northern boundary of Mercia See A.S.

Chron. (Earlo) s. a. 942. The word is sinii)ly ' door,' used here fur mountain

pass. \Vc may compaie (witli a difference) the name OSgisdyr (the River

Eyder), ' CEgir's door.'

xvi INTHODITTION.

liiiuc.l to iHHUP ft coinage of tlicir own, uninflnonced by tliat

of Houthorn Knglutid.

Ovrr Mrrriii, for some tinio aftor the victory of Ellandune,

the influence of Wessex, as diHtinguiahed from its direct rule,

wuM very great. After their long rivalry, the kings of

Morrift rcinftincd for some generations the allies of the

Wessox kingH, allied for the most part both in policy and in

blood. It is probable, however, that the ancient rivalries

of the two kingdoms would have revived, had not the

Viking invasions given a wholly new complexion to English

history.

Over Kent, including therewith Surrey and the decayed

kingdom of Sussex, the power which the king of Wessex

acquired after the battle of Ellandune was much greater

;

we have seen that as a result of the battle all this country,

that is to say, all the territory south of the Thames, was

definitely added to the possessions of the House of Cerdic.

Wessex and Kent, however (the latter name henceforward

includes Surrey and Sussex) continued to be separate king-

doms, each retaining no doubt its distinctive laws and

customs ; and generally they were governed by different

members of the West Saxon House. When the head of the

house was on the throne of Wessex, the eldest son or the

heir designate was usually King of Kent. In one case

the King of Kent was especially debarred from accession to

the throne of Wessex ; and in another instance we have the

relations of the kingdoms reversed, the father reigning as

King of Kent and the son as King of Wessex. But this

inversion of the usual arrangement was the result of a

rebellion.*

The establishment then of the kings of Wessex in thesupremacy in Heptarchic England is the first great eventin English history covered by the period over whichextend the coinages described in this volume. It is also theInst event of importance previous to the Viking invasion ofsouthern England.

£"gSbL'^^*^ beginning of the West Saxon coinage must not be

• See below, p. xsv.

INTRODUCTION. XVU

looked upon as bronglit about by the wide conquests of

Ecgbcorht, so much as by the incidental fact that his con-

quests included Kent. The coinage of this king is in fact

really a Kentish rather than a West Saxon coinage. This

is shown almost conclusively by the names of moneyers on

the coins of Ecgbeorht as compared with the names on

the coins of his predecessors, the last kings of Kent, or of

the Archbishops of Canterbury, his contemporaries ; and

again, by the types of Ecgbeorht's coins as compared with

those of the same rulers. We must remember, further,

that many of the coins of the kings of Mercia were

probably likewise struck in Kent, and that when we find,

as we do, the same moneyers' names occurring on the

coins of a king of Mercia who reigned not long before the

battle of Ellaudune, and on the coins of Ecgbeorht, the

probability is that these moneyers were Keutishmen whostruck first for one master of their country, and then for

the other.

Applying this test, we find that eight at least of Ecg-

beorht's three-and-twenty moneyers, struck either for the

kings of Mercia or Kent ; in other words, that these menwere probably coining in Kent before the battle of Ellau-

dune. This is as many as the average of moneyers whocontinue in a new reign from the preceding one. Thusof iEthclwulfs thirty-eight moneyers a much smaller pro-

portion, only about six, are survivals from the preceding

reign. There is therefore a greater air of continuity from

the coinage of Ecgbeorht's predecessors in Kent to that

of Ecgbcorht himself, than there is from the coinage of

Ecgbeorht to that of his son ; so that on this ground alone

it would be fair to assume that Ecgbeorht began to strike

coins only as a king of Kent.

The same conclusion is enforced by a comparison of

Ecgbeorht's types with those of his predecessors in Kent, as

we shall presently have occasion to see.

The reader must be referred to the Introduction to the pre-

ceding volume for the history of the introduction of a coinage

into this country, and of the intimate relations which

long subsisted between the currencies issued on the two

xviii INTRODUCTION.

buIgb of the EnRlisli Chnnnfl. TIio conclusion to be drawn

from the close rcliitionHliii) between the Prankish and English

iiioiicy, is that the coinage was then as much used for

purposes of commerco between England and France as for

the purpoHcH of internal trade in this country. The close

relationship between the English and the Frankish coinages

censes witli Ecgbeorht's reign ; and, as we shall have occasion

to see in the latter part of this sketch, its place is before

long taken by a relationship between the coinage of England

and those of the Peoples of the North.

Wessex, on her side, we know, had not experienced the

\Yant t)f a currency before the time of Ecgbeorht;yet we

cannot suppose that in other elements of civilization Wessex

was behind her rival hcptarchic kingdoms—with the ex-

ception perhaps of Northumbria. It possessed, for example,

an admirable code of laws in those of Ine.

If wo compare the laws of Ine with the earlier or

contemporary Kentish laws (those of iEthelbearht or of

"NVihtred), we see that while in the latter the fines imposed

arc evidently reckoned in a current coinage, in the Wessexlaws they are reckoned in the solidus, the usual money of

account. The reckoning by the solidus of account is found,

it need hardly be said, long before the introduction of anAnglo-Saxon coinage into this country (Vol. I. p. v.). Wehave, moreover, in the West Saxon laws the value of parts of

cattle—parts of the ox, the eye, the horn, &c.—reckoned in

the same money of account ; and this makes it probable thatthe custom of cattle payments was still largely in use

—

though no doubt payment by weight of metal was theusual one.

A.s, previous to the accession of Ecgbeorht and in theearlier years of his reign, Wessex did not feel the need ofa currency, it is quite possible that it continued to dowithout one till this king's death. Nay, we shall, as willpresently appear, find one incident in the numismatichistory of the West Saxon kings best explainable on thesupposition that, till after the death of Ecgbeorht's grandson,iEtholbald, Kent still provided all the currency of the south'.

It would not, however, be safe to rely upon this isolated piece

INTRODUCTION. XIX

of evidence, nor even to assert that Ecgbeorht did not strike

money for Wessex.

If we attribute any of Ecgbeorht's coins to Wessex, it seems

most reasonable to ascribe to it those with the legends SAXand SAXON lORVM (for Saxonum),* which we have j^laced last

in the list of Ecgbeorht's types. For at any rate these types

are original and owe nothing to the influence of coins struck

in Kent before it was acquired by the West Saxons. This

attribution is perhaps upon the whole the most reasonable.

If we compare the types of Ecgbeorht's coins with those

of the coins of the kings of Mercia and Kent, and the

Archbishops of Canterbury, we find that (as has been

already said) the large majority of the former are only

copies. Thus

:

Type ii. may be derived from the coins of Ceolwulf I., king

of Mercia [a.d. 822-823 or 824]. Vol. I. p. 40, PL ix. 4.

Type iv. has also a prototype in the coins of Ceolwulf I.,

king of Mercia. lb. p. 40, PL ix. 5.

Type vi. has its prototype in the coins of Coenwulf, king

of Mercia [a.d. 796-822], cf. Ih. p. 35, PL viii. 8.

Types vii. (reverse) xv. (obverse) are copied from coins of

Baldred, king of Kent [a.d. 806-825]. lb. p. 70, PL xi. 11

(obv.). This, as we know, is the king whom Ecgbeorht drove

out of Kent.

Types viii. and ix. (reverse) are from coins of CiiSred, king

of Kent, the predecessor of Baldred [a.d. 796-806]. lb. pp. 68,

69, PL xi. 3, 4 (reverses), 7 (obverse), and 6, 7 (reverses).

The obverses of Types xi. and xii., the reverses of xv.,

xvi. are all probably only developments of the type of the

coins of Baldred. lb. p. 70, PL xi. 9 (reverse).

Type i. calls for special notice. Agreeably with the

principle, which has been generally adopted in this

catalogue, of placing the coins with the indications of a

mint-name before those which have none, those pieces

* ' Saxoniorum ' is a ridiculous form, probably clue only to the ignorance of

the moneyer or of the clerk who gave him liis pattern. Freeman, in his life

of .Alfred (Die. Nat. Biog.), says that the title 'Rex iSaxonum ' wnaunknown before the time of Alfred, and was not common afterwards. Tliose

coins, of course, show that the former statement is incorrect.

XX INTUODUCTION.

which flpcm to have upon thorn tlio monogram of the city

of Ciiiit<«rhury are made tlie first typo of tlio reign. The

typo irt ovitlently one struck in Kont, and therefore, what-

ever may ho thouglit of the otlier types, tliis one must have

hoou issued suhsequcnt to the battle of Ellandune. And

though it is an original type it is far from improbable that

it was one of the first coins struck in Ecgbeorht's reign ; for

this reason, that the monogram on the reverse (C^C) is

without doubt copied from the Karolus-monogram k<^s on

the coinage of Charles the Great. Now Charlemagne died

in A.D. 814, and the monogram was not again brought into

use on the Frankisli coinage until the days of Charlemagne's

grandson, Charles the Bald, who came to the throne after

the death of Ecgbeorht.* The reverse of this Type i. of

Ecgbeorht occurs also on the coins of CeolnoS, Archbishop

of Canterbury (a.d. 833-870) ; see Vol. i., PI. xiii. 7. Butthough the archiepiscopate of CeolnoS begins before the

doath of Ecgbeorht, it extends long subsequent to it ; so that

there is nothing to negative the supposition that the arch-

bishop's coin was copied from that of the West Saxon king.

In truth, from the occurrence of this type in the Delganyhoard (see below, p. xxii.), we may feel pretty sure that it

was in use before the accession of CeolnoS. Ecgbeorht's in-

timate relations with Charlemagne give a certain interest

to this example of one of the types of his coins derived fromone of those of the western emperor, and to the possibility

that this imitation of Prankish coins may have inaugurated

• Tliia derivation of Ecgbeorht's (AC coins from the i^% (or |fc&^) coins

of ("hnrlcnmgiio has an important bearing npon French nTiniismatics. For it

was lit one time keenly ilisputed among French numismatists whether anyof llu> coins wliirh bear tiiis ' Carol us ' or 'Karolus' monogram were to beultrihutrd to Charlemagne, or whether all should not rather bo ascribed toC'hnrloB the Duld, who at the edict of Pitrcs, a.d. S64 {EdMum Pistense,o. II, r.rtz, Li.jri, I., p. I'JO) re-established this type, and made it the soleUy>\\ on,^ f,.r his future issues. The fact that tlie tvpe is found copied on theKnplisli coinage I>efore the accessi.iu of Charles the Bald, and thirty yearsor more lH-fort> the date of the edict of Pitres, is decisive of the controversy.But this nrgument has, so far as I know, never Ijcen employed by Frenchnumisnintittt^.

INTRODUCTION. XXI

his coinage ; thougli the accidents of commercial relation-

sliip have on the whole much more to do with determining

the types of coins than royal alliances or enmities. And this

interest is the greater from the fact above alluded to, that

close relationship between English and Frankish coins ceases

with this or the following reign.

After the introduction of a coinage by Ecgbeorht, which,

it may be assumed we are now agreed, followed upon the

final assertion of the supremacy of Wessex in the battle of

Ellandune, there was no other event of great importance

for the history of southern England or the history of its

coinage until the invasion of the country by the Vikings.

The preparations for this event had already begun. Thefirst appearance of the Vikings was in the previous

century ; and so far as we can ascertain the first attack

made by these northern pirates was upon the English coast.

In the year 787, according to the Saxon Chronicle, or 78!),

according to the true date, three ships of the pirates landed

upon the southern coast, killed the port-reeve, Beaduheard,

took some trifle of booty and sailed away again. In 793

the pirates appeared in quite a different quarter, on the

Northumbrian coast, where they fell upon the holy island

of Lindisfarne, and slaughtered the greater part of the

monks of Cuthbert's foundation on that island. The saint

revenged himself, the chronicler tells us ; for the next year

the pirate fleet was shipwrecked near Monkwearmouth and

the crews were drowned or slain. The attacks next fell

upon South Wales, and the Vikings, driven thence, came for

the first time to Ireland (a.d. 795), which for the next half-

century was to bear the principal brunt of their ravages.*

From about this time onwards the pirates began to makesettlements on the Irish coast. It went so far that in a.d.

832 ' a great royal fleet ' f of Vikings came to Ireland, under

the leadership of a certain Turgesius or Thorgisl. This

Thorgisl, after some years of fighting, founded a short-lived

* Gwent. Chron. s. a. 795 (Ciinib. Arcliax)!. Assoc); WaroftheGaec1hll,&c.

(Toa<l) R. S. pp. 4-5 ; Ann. Ult. s. a. 794 ; Four Mast. 8. a. 790.

t War, &c. (Tudd) R. S. pp. 8-9 ; cf. Kcary, Viliiujg in Western Cliristcn-

dmn, p. 174 and uyto.

xxii INTRODUCTION.

Scnndiimviftn kingdom in tho northern lialf of Irolanrl—in

tlio division cnllod Loth-Cuind or Conn'n lialf. TliorgiBl's

kingdom lasted from a.d. 842 to a.d. HI';. iJut there

were Ix'sidcs many other settlements of Vikings on the

iHlnnd.

It is just before the coming of this great fleet of Thor-

gisl to Ireland that the Viking attacks upon England

iiogin again ; and there seems good reason to believe that

these renewed attacks came, not directly from the Baltic or

the North Sea, but from Ireland. The first attack was upon

the island of Shcppey. A hoard of English coins—some of

Mercian kings, some of kings of Kent and Archbishops of

Canterbury, with a few of Ecgbeorht's coins—was discovered

in Delgany, near Wicklow, in Ireland, in or about the year

1874. The latest date at which any of these coins could

have been struck was a.d. 830 ; and it seems probable that

all of them, if not actually struck in the county of Kent

(which may very well have been the case with all), were at

any rate current there. There seems no better explanation

of all the circumstances attending this deposit, the date to

which the latest coin of the hoard belongs, and the place

(the east coast of Ireland) to which it has been carried,

than to suppose that it was carried oflF to Ireland by the

Vikings who attacked Sheppey in a.d. 835. For who else but

these Vikings were at that period likely to have traversed

the sea between the two countries ? And though it is not

certain, it is highly probable, that the pirates who carried

their hoard over to the sister island, had come thence to

England.*

In A.D. 836 the crew of a Viking fleet of thirty-five sail

dfft-atod the English at Charmouth, and in 838 the Vikingsallied themselves with the Celts of Cornwall for an attack

upon the king of the West Saxons. The combined armywas met and defeated by Ecgbeorht at * Hengestdune

'

(Hengstone),t and that event put an end to the Viking

See the pnper by Jlr. (now Sir John) Evans, " A lioard of coins foundat IX-lgany in Ireland; " Num. Chron. 1882, p. 61, sqq.

t AS. Chrvn. s. a. 835 [= 838?].

INTRODUCTION. XXUl

attacks in England during the reign of Ecgbeorht, who died

either in a.d. 838 or a.d. 839.*

At the beginning of ^thelwulf's reign the Viking attacks -3]:thelwulf.

were renewed. We find the Vikings in the south of England

—

defeated at Southampton and victorious at Portsraouth(840)t

—and in the eastern shires, Lincolnshire, East Anglia, Kent,

(841), I and finally plundering both London and Eochester

(842) §. Then for some years the attacks cease. On both

sides of England the Northmen were more active than they

were in this country. In Ireland they had, as we have seen,

got so far as to establish a temporary Scandinavian kingdom;

and, even after the breaking up of this in 845, their attacks

continued to be almost incessant. And it is about the time of

the first cessation of the Viking raids on the English coasts

that much more serious and determined ones began on the

towns and abbeys which lay along the chief rivers of France

and Germany, the Loire, the Garonne, the Seine, the Ehine,

and the Elbe. The attacks on Ireland probably came from

the Norsemen of the west coast of Norway ; the attacks on

France came from the Baltic countries (Denmark and South

Norway). England lay between the two streams.

One attack on England, more serious than the preceding

ones, has to be noticed. It occurred in a.d. 850 or 851,||

and was due to the successes of the Vikings upon the con-

tinent. The leader of the expedition was a Dane, Eorik byname, who for a time had held a fief of the empire. He had

now adopted the life of a Viking, and at the head of his fleet

of 350 sail he steered to tlie English coast, sailed inside the

island of Thanet and up the Stour to Canterbury, and from

Canterbury he and his fleet came up the Thames to attack

* We have a charter of Ecgbeorht and uEthclwulf which seems to give

us the exact date of Ecgbeorht's death. It is first written in 838, and is

confirmed in 889; and at the latter date ^Ethclwulf says that this 3-car is the

first of his reign (Kemble, Codex J)ipl. I., pp. 318-321, No. 240). Still this

last expression is not exact, and we cannot be absolutely certain between the

dates 838 and 839.

t A. S. Chron. s. a. 837. J 1I>. 838. § lb. 839.

IIAnn. Fuhl. 850; Ann. Xant. 850; Ann. Bert. 852; Kcary, Vikinfis, &c.,

p. 303, nqq. It will be seen that the chronology is confused for this period.

XXiv INTUOUUCTION.

Ix)n«lon, tli<' cliirl city of tlio Mercian kingdom.* Bcorht-

wulf. (he kill',' of Merrill, oiicountorod the Vikinf,'H in a pitched

biittlt; and wan ntlr>rly dofcatod. The victors idiindercd

London and spread north of the; Thames. Presently they

apiin crossed the river and came once more into the territory

of yT:th(d\vulf, king of Wessex, or perhaps, to speak more

accurately, of his son iEthelbald, king of Kent. The father

and son collected an army to attack the Danes, and the latter

suflered a defeat at Ockley, which is represented as a signal

one, not in the English chronicles only, but in those of the

Franks.f Ilowbcit in the same year we find the strangers

wintering for the first time on English ground, namely, in the

island of Thauet. And this event is much more important

than their defeat at Ockley, and much more portentous for

the future than any which had been recorded up to that

time. It seems that the Vikings began about the same

period to take up winter quarters in many of the districts

which had been the scenes of their attacks; J and it is

probable that all the different fleets or ' armies ' began just

now insensibly to extend their policy, and from being mere

pirates gradually became in some sense an invading

nation. We do not hear of the little army of Vikings ever

being expelled from its settlement upon the edge of Kent,

though we hear once at least of a desperate effort being

made to storm its camp.§ Still, it is probable that there

were periods in which the Vikings quite disappeared from

English soil ; and though a succession of raids and alternate

defeats and victories of the English are reported in succeed-

ing years (a.d. 853, 855, 8G0, S(jd), we have no important

change in the situation to record until the great Vikinginvasion of England in the year 866.

The only event in this interval which needs recording

here, for it may have had some influence on the coinage,

is the rebellion of iEthelbald in a.d. 856. In this year

• A. S. Chron. s.a. 851 [A. D.-F.], 853 [B. C.].

t A. S. Chruii. ul sup.; AiiHahit Ilcrtiani, s. a. 850 (^IVrlz, vol. i. 445).

X Stcenstrup, Noritmnticrnc, I. p. 2G4 ; Keaiy, o. c. p. 30G.

§ A. 6'. Chum a..n. 853 [A, D. E,j, 854 [B. C]

INTRODUCTION. XXV

iEtlielwiilf maclo a pilgrimage to Rome, and on his return

through Francia espoused Judith, the daughter of Charles

the Bald, king of West Francia. This was the second time

that an English king had married a Frankish princess, the first

occasion being that of the marriage of ^thelberht of Kent

with Berchta, the daughter of Charihert king of Paris, which

brought in its train the evangelization of the English. The

marriage of ^thelwulf and Judith was solemnized at Verberie

by the famous Hincmar, archbishop of Eheims.* Charles

made it a condition of the marriage that his daughter should

be crowned queen and sit beside her consort,t an honour which

the English law or custom forbade to the wife of the king.}

.ZEthelwulf had several children by his former wife. Thesuccession to the throne rested among the Teutonic people

upon no fixed principle of primogeniture ; and there are

certainly to be found among them instances in which the

superior rank of the mother gave a superior title to the

throne—though this was rather among the heathen Teutons,

in the case where the king had several contemporaneous

wives. § It is possible, therefore, that this elevation of

Judith to the rank of a queen consort was (should she have

children) a real menace to the rights of .lEthelwulfs eldest

son .^thelbald. At any rate it gave ofi'ence to a section of

the chief men, bishops and ealdormen, of the kingdom ; andon his return to his own country iEthelwulf found himself

confronted by a rebellion, at the head of which stood his

eldest son iEthelbald. Civil war was avoided by the

moderation of the king who consented to a partition

of the kingdom in a sense the reverse of that whichusually obtained between the father and his eldest son.

To JEthelbald was given the chief kingdom, Wessex, and

* Amialcs Bert. s. a. 857 (Pertz, vol. i. 450).

t Cf. Capit. Caroli II., Coronatio ludithae (Pertz, Ligcs. 1.450).

X Asscr, Dc rch. gei<t. JElfridi (AVise), pp. 10-11; cf. AVilltlmi Malm.,

G. R. A., II. § 118 {E. U. S., pp. lGS-9).

§ As in the case of Ilarald lldrfugr in Norway. Ilarald's chiof wife, wife

of higlietjt rank, waa llaguliikl, daughter of the king of Jutland, and tluir

eon, Erik Bludox, waa, in virtue of hia mother's rank, regarded aa hia

father's heir. Uaralda Swja him Edrfagra, c. 21.

XXVi INTItOKI (TIOV,

liifl father retained only tlie (uHiiftlly) dependent kingdom of

Kent.*

Tor convenience of deHcrij)tion and reference the plan

adopted for the arrangement of the types of the coins of the

earlier West Saxon kings has heen as f(dlows. The types

when they display a head or bust are always placed before

those which liave none ; and the coins with the indication of

a mint-place precede the coins devoid of any such indication.

Thus, in the earlier reigns, the coins with the name of

Canterbury head the classes to which they belong. This is

the arrangement adopted in the first volume, where any

attempt to distribute the types into an historical sequence

must have proceeded largely on guess-work. From the

time of ^Filfred an historical arrangement of the types seems

possible, and from that period it has been attempted, though

the principle of heading the coinage of each reign with the

mint-coins has not been abandoned. It is in virtue of

this system of arrangement that the coins PI. II. 1-4

appear among the first of -^thelwulfs types. But it does

not follow that they were among his earliest issues ; and

we might be tempted to explain tbe juxtaposition of

the two names DORlBl and cant by reading y€THELWULFREX CANT[I/E] and taking DORIBI (for DOROBERNIA) to

bo the name of the mint. This reading would be forced

upon us if we had only the types PI. II. 2, 4. But tbe

existence of type PL II. 1 rather militates against the in-

terpretation suggested. Should, however, this reading be

the right one, we might suppose that these coins were struck

by yEthelwulf subsequent to the repartition of the kingdomin A.D. 85G. The rule over Kent as an under-kiue: did

not include the right of striking coins : f of that we maybo pretty sure. But when iEthelwulf became once more

• Assor. p. 9. Asaer says only tbal the eastern part of the kingdom wasrttnincd by iEthelwulf, while Jithclbald had the western, the more important

division. The Chronich' makes no mention of the rebellion of iEihclbald, orthe division of the kingdom. iElthelstan, the elder brother of /Ethelbald,

hml previously to his deuth been king of Kent. He struck no coins. Infact, il is obvious that these under-kings had not the right of coinage.

t fHv last uoU.'.

INTRODUCTION. XXVll

towards the end of his reign king of Kent only, he mayvery well have continued to issue money for his separate

kingdom.

Which was the last of iEthelwulfs types we may be

reasonably sure. It was type xvii. (last type with the

bust *) which is retained upon the coinages of iEthelbald

and iEthelbearht.

No satisfactory explanation can be offered of the extreme iKthelbald.

rarity of ^Ethelbald's coins, of which only four specimens,

have ever been described, and only three are now known to

exist.f An explanation (which has already been hinted at)

would indeed be given by the supposition that the so-called

West Saxon coinage was still—even at this late date—almost

exclusively a Kentish coinage. For it does not seem certain

that -iEthelbald ever reigned as supreme or indejjendent

king in Kent. He was king of Wessex between a.d. 856

and the death of his father in 858 ; and after that date the

kingdom of Kent appears to have passed to his brother

^thelbearht.t It seems difficult to believe that this expla-

nation is the true one, and that Wessex had not at this date

a regular currency of its own, as much as Kent had. Andthe acceptance of the contrary theory is made a little more

difi&cult by the fact that iEthelbald's solitary type repro-

duces a type of his father's coinage and is continued in the

coinage of his brother and successor.

iEthelbald's reign was a scandal to his contemporaries

and to the chroniclers of a later time. He not only rebelled

against his father, but on his father's death he married his

stepmother, that Judith whom we saw married to -^thel-

wulf two years previously. § Judith was still only sixteen,

and perhaps can hardly be accounted responsible for the

incestuous marriage. At iEthelbald's death (a.d. 860),

she returned to her father's court, and after some adventures

* PI. III. 6.

t The genuineness of the existing specimens is much questioned. Theyare all from the same die.

X Wc have a charter of .<Ethclboarht as king of Kent, dated a.d. 858.

Kemble, Codvx, no. 281. Cf. also "SVill. IMalm. § 117 (7s. II. S., p. 174).

§ Asdcr, p. lo, Will. Malm. I. c. ; Anii(ih» Bert. (IVudentius) 858.

XXViu INTItOIdCTION.

of u more or less HciindiiluuM H«»rt, Ix-cnnu' tlu- wife of I'mMwiii

lintH-di-fir, ('(Hint of Fluiiilcrs, find throu;,'li liini tlio nucts-

troHH of Miitilda, tho wif(! of Williiim the Conqueror.*

^Uu'llKTuhi. No other event of inijtortanee for tlie history of tho

coinage of Wesscx distinj^Miinhes /I'^thelbuld'H reign (a.d.

858-8C0), and nono of great moment that of his next

BnccesHor (a. p. 8(!0-8f50), During the first tho Viking raids

cease altogether; in tlie second tliey are renewed. In 8G0

Wehmd, a leader who had established himself at the Somme,

and who was in tho act of concluding a treaty with Charles

the Bold, finding his hands tied in Francia,t took the oppor-

tunity of sailing with two hundred ships to the Wesscx

coast and fell upon and plundered Winchester, the capital of

Wesscx ; ho was subsequently defeated by the united fyrds

of Hampshire and Berkshire. t In the winter of 865 we read

that the Vikings came to Thanet and wintered there : § and

this appearance of the Danes on the Kentish coast was more

ominous than any of the preceding ones, for it was the

precursor of a great expedition which took the form of a

definite invasion of England, and which before it had come

to an end had totally changed the history of this island.

^Kiialml I. In the spring of 806, the year of the accession of .^thelred,

we find tho men from Thanet ravaging the whole of Kent,

at the moment they were treating with the English on the

basis of a bribe to leave tho country ; and about the same

timo we find a huge fleet, which had been collected in

Francia and Flanders, arriving on the East Anglian coast

and establishing itself there ; from which time the Viking

invasion of England begins.

There are three great invasions by which England wasafllicted during the period covered by the present volume.

Thoy form tho three great epochs in her history during

• AiouiUs Deri. (Hincmar), 862-3. She followed Baldwin about dressed

08 a man (mutnto liabilu). Charles did not give his eonseut to the marriagetill the year 8G3.

t AnnaU» Bi-rt. SCO (Pnidont.)> 861 (Hincmar), and Kcary, o. c. p. 350.

X A. i>. Chnm. s. a.

§ -1. ;?. Chron. e. a. Ilereafttr the references to the Chronicle are notgiven, aa they corresi>oud nearly always to the correct ye;ir as giwu in theuarrativf.

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

these centuries; and her recovery from the first two, or

the assimilation of the new elements which they introduced,

constitute the most important part of the history of the

intervening periods. The first of these invasions it will be

convenient to speak of as the Viking invasion, the second is

that of the Danes under Svend (Swegn) and Cnut, and the

tliird is the Norman Conqiiest which brings our era to a close.

All these three invasions were invasions by Scandinavians, but

by Scandinavians in such different conditions of civilization

and government that they must be reckoned almost as three

different nations. For this reason, it would be wiser to speak

of the first invasion of England, not as the invasion of the

Danes but as that of the Vikings. Wlien we examine the

lists of moneyers' names for the districts which became subject

to these Vikings, we have evidence that there must have

been following their banners a very mixed nationality, byno means one of pure Scandinavians. In laws and customs,

however, the new-comers were Scandinavians, nay Scandi-

navians of a very pure type—at any rate, of a type compari-

tively speaking jirimitive ; and in this respect the Vikings

stand contrasted with the Danish nationality, ruled by a

single monarch, which w^as the chief agent in the second in-

vasion of England ; and in still more marked contrast to the

Normans who were hardly any longer a Scandinavian folk,

for they had adopted most of the laws and customs of their

neighbours, the Franks. In the interval between the attack

which wo have now to chronicle, which began in a.d. 866,

and the attacks which began a hundred years later (a.d. 980)

and ended in tlie invasion of Svend and Cnut (a.d. 1003-1016),

all the Scandinavian nations had undergone a great trans-

formation.

We have some traces of the laws which governed the

bodies of Vikings associated at this early period for the sake

of plunder or settlement in England. As the ambition of

the Vikings grew these bodies increased in size, until from

being small armies, they became almost nations. But still

the constitution of the larger and of the smaller bodies was

the same ; and the same likewise was their Constitution in

the technical sense, the laws, that is, and the customs by

XXX INTItomCTION.

which their units wen' hfhl inf^cthrr. In thf formor mnaning

of tli(< WMid \vr hnvn to noto that tho Hiniiller and lar^ftr

bo<lin« wrro boforo everything else, armies, whctlior activoly

onK'nRf^'l i" wurfaro or at rest. The invading Vikings of

A.I). ^•iO, and the Huh.scqnont years, are always spoken of as

the Army («? lure), occasionally as the Great Army (se imjcla

here). Sometimes the army divides up into two or more

•Armies,' and long after the first great area of conquest was

over wo find mention of a number of lesser armies—the

Army of Northampton, or the Army of Bedford, &c., when

the intention is simply to designate the Vikings settled in

or about Northampton or Bedford. The only difference is

that what was ' The Army,' has by this time split up into

several armies. This latter use of tbe word continues

(chiefly by custom and as.sociation) down to tbe time of the

second era of invasion.

Again, with regard to the Constitution by wbich tbese

earlier bodies were governed, we find that they constantly

proclaim themselves Pvcpublics. '^Ye have no king, we

are all equal.'* Yet the title king is sometimes given to

their leaders. Of one of these kings a Latin versifier

says :

—

• Solo rex vcrbo sociis tamen imperitabut.' f

The mere use or disuse of a title, such as the title of

' king,' is of small importance. What we may take to be tbe

essence of tbe Constitution of tbese Vikings, that wbicb made

it republican in fact, if not in name, was tbat tbeir leader

had no rights over the soil, no superiority, or at any rate

no dominant authority except for strictly military purposes.!

\\c must bear in mind while we are speaking of tbe re-

publican character of tbe Western Vikings (as tbe Norse

Sagas call the settlers in the Britisb Isles), tbe cbanges

which just at this time are taking place in tbe constitution

of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Everybody knows tbe

story of tbe taunt of the maiden Gyda to Harald of Norway,

• Dndo, TV Norm. Due, i.

t Ablm, Bel. Far. Vrbh, i. 38 ; cf. Steenstrup, o. c. 277 sqq.

X Hilt 31 f the more 1« ngthcncd trcntmont of the buhjuct in Steenstrup. I.e.

INTRODUCTION. XXXI

•when he sought to make her his wife, a taunt which was

supposed to have been the awakening of the ambition of

Harald Fairhair.

'She answered that she would never sacrifice her maiden-

hood and take for a husband a king who governed no more of a

kingdom than a few fyllcir* " And it seems to me wonderful,"

said she, " that there is no king here who has the will to unite

Norway, and become its supreme king, as have done king

Gorm in Denmark, and king Eirik at Upsala." 'f

Before Harald had realized the policy thus sketched out

for him, all of the petty kings of Norway who thought

themselves strong enough to resist his encroachment, had

entered into a confederacy, and—the feature in the case

which more specially concerns us—had obtained the assist-

ance of many of the Vikings of the West, i.e. of England,

Scotland, and Ireland. The settlers in these islands, there-

fore, who were of the same class, and perhaps some of themthe same individuals who took j)art in the great expedition

of 866, t appear in the history of the Scandinavian nations

as the representatives, in the countries of their origin, of a

bygone or passing order of things, as the opponents of the

extended sort of kingship which was the new order of the

day in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

These considerations are enough to show that in manypoints beside the mere difference of date, the epoch of the

Viking invasion of England in a.d. 866-878 must be dis-

tinguished from the Danish invasion of the end of the tenth,

and the beginning of the eleventh centuries.

During the greater part of the reign of iEthelred I, the

doings of the Great Army did not intimately concern the

history of Wessex. In a.d. 867 the Army marched north,

and as has been already described in the Introduction to the

* Districts.

t Haralds Saga kins Hdrfacjra, c. 3. (Heimskringla, ed. Unger, p. 50.)

X The battle of Hafir»fjord, iu which this con fedi ration was defeated, andthe supremacy of Haiald assured, is usually dated about a.d. S70 ; and if that

date bo accepted, we cannot suppose that any members of ' the Army ' of

A.D. SGG took a part iu it. But there are reasons for postponing the date of

the battle till about thirty years later. See Corpus I'oct. Bureale, II. 487, tS:c.

Cf. also Skene, Celtic Scotland, I. 3.

xxxii T\Tit<n»t'rTiov.

proviouM voluino, it f<H.k York, killc<l two riviil kiiiKf of

Norlliumbrin, iiti«l hhImIiumI tlin <,'re(itor pjirt of tliiit country.

Tlui noxt ycnr tho army mnrchcJ into Mcrcia, and this act

an\«('t«Hl tli«> West Siixoii kinpjdom in so far as Mercia was

oithcr an iickiio\vlo(lf,'('(l dopcndcncy, or a close ally of that

Btato. Consequently I'nrgred tho king (whose coins wo

ohscrvo aro of types siniilar to tlioso of tho majority of

yKtlu'lrod's coins) sent to seek tho aid of his brother-in-

law, the king of Wesscx ; and a Wosscx army commanded

hy tho two surviving sons of TEtliehvulf, yEthelrod tho

kinf^, and tho noxt in command, tho secundarius iElfred,

marched to r>nrgred'H assistance. The united English army

found the invaders shut up in tho stronghold of Nottingham.

After a fruitless siege a compromise was efifectod, which

brought no honour to any of the leaders of the English

forces ; a ransom was paid to induce the ' Army ' to return

again into Northumbria. This was in a.d. 868. For the next

two years the doings of the Vikings were confined to the

northern and midland countries, to Northumbria, Mercia,

and East Anglia (Vol. I. Introduction, pp. li. Ixi.), and then in

A.D. 871 half of tho Army crossed the Thames and began

the invasion of Wessex. The invaders took camp at Reading,

where they were protected by two streams, the Kennet and

the Thames, and the war was for a time confined to attacks

by tho English upon foraging parties, and to sorties of the

garrison. But at length the invaders thought themselves

strong enough to march westward, and they were brought

to an engagement with the English forces under the com-

mand of iEthelred and iElfred, at the famous battle of

Ashdown.* The Dani.'^h forces consisted in reality of twoarmies, one commanded by two kings, Halfdan and Bfegsaeg,

and the other by five earls, Asbjorn, Fraene, Harald, andthe elder and the younger Sihtric. The only survivor of

all these leaders was Ilalfdan, who effected his retreat, andonce more shut himself up in Reading,

rifr. .1. All these events in the invasion of Wessex passed during

the earlier months of the year 871. iEthelred now died,

• .\.<scr (Wise), p 10.

INTRODUCTION. XXXUl

and Alfred the Great, then only twenty-two yeara old,

ascended the throne. Some delay was caused by the

ceremonial of accession, which had no doubt to be affirmed

by the Witan (--Ethelred had left an infant son), and by the

funerals of the dead king. The English army was never

summoned but for a short period at a time,* and was no

doubt disbanded during this interval. When .Alfred was

again able to collect a force, he was confronted by an utterly

changed condition of things in the country. The Danes

had received reinforcements and marched westwards. Alfred

was obliged to abandon all the eastern side of his kingdom,

and the next important engagement between the English

and the Vikings took place at Wilton. This time victory

fell to the Danes, but a hard-won victory. After this Alfred

purchased the departure of the invaders from his country.

It is of importance to take note of these money payments

to the Danes, in view of the fact which we shall presently

see, that many of the coins with the name ' iElfred ' were

probably not really made under the auspices of that king,

but are barbarous imitations of Alfred's coins, manufactured

either by the Danes themselves, or in districts which their

invasions had disorganized. We cannot call these payments

a danegeld. For as seems almost certain the danegeld,

instead of being, as the earlier historians supposed, a sumgathered together as ransom and paid to the Danes, was in

reality a tax (a sort of ' ship-money ') imposed to raise moneyfor the arming of a force—essentially a naval force—to

protect the country against the Vikings.j

Halfdan, the leader of the Vikings, withdrew his forces

from Wessex and retired to Mercia. Mercia got rid of the

Vikings by paying a ransom, and they returned into North-

umbria. Next year (a.d. 874) the army came back and

deposed the Mercian king Burgred, and raised up in his

stead a puppet of their own, Ceolwulf, an ' unwise king's

thegn.'J 'And he swore oath and gave hostages that it

Asser, p. 21 sqq.

t Steenstrup, Normannerne, iv. p. 148 gqq.

+ Asser, p. 2G; A. S. Chron. s. a. 874 : MS. A, onnta the name of the tlicgn.

d

XXXIV INTIlODIiCTIOM.

HhouM 1.0 roftdy for tliom on wlmtovor day tlioy would have

it; niul tlmt 1k> liimsrdi' would l.c nudy, and all who would

follow bim at the army's need.'*

I'.ut while Ceolwulf II. rcmuincd tituhir kinR of Mercia, it

is very likely that Il.ilfdan and hi.s Vikings took possession

of London. For wo have an interesting coin, not in the

Natinniil Odlcction, nor puhlishcd in this catalogue, but

doscrilM-d in Mr. Kcnyon's edition of Ilawkin's Silver Cains

of Kii>/laud, p. 79, which is without doubt a coin of Ilalfdan

.struck* at this period in London. The piece is given here.

Description.

lirv. Londnn monogram as on TElfrcd

Typca vi., vii. (recersi), p. 35.

Ohr VLF (in ox.) DEME XRX»^lJ;irliftron.s iniitalinn of coin of

Vulcniiiiian I., or of Mapnns Ma.\i-

nui.i ns on x'Elfreil Tvpc iv. (nrtr><»),

p:u.

We see that this eccentric coin is in a certain way a link

l)(>tween a very rare piece of Ceolwulf II. of Mercia, and one

For two years ' the Army ' remained in Mercian territory.

Then it divided into two sections. One of these, under

Hiilfdan, marched into Northumbria, and began definitely to

settle in the country. The northern half of Northumbria

was left under the rule of princes of the old English line.

But they struck no coins, and probably their power wassmall. The southern half of Northumbria, the kingdom of

York as it is now often called, the Vikings made their ownkingdtun, and Ilalfdan was the king of it, so far as they had

any king. Thus the ancient kingdoms of Beruicia andDeira reappeared.f

• ' p.-vs hcrcs poarfo,' the oath of military service,

t ..4. S. Clinm. 3. a. 870.

INTRODUCTION. XXXV

But the other half of the Army, whose leader now was

Gnthorra, or GuSrnm, after settling for a short while at

Camhridge, sailed out to sea and round to attack once more

the kingdom of Wessex, the only one of the four English

kingdoms wliich remained unsuhmerged. For two years

Wessex had to sustain the hardest struggle which it had yet

known. Guthorm's army came first to Wareham. There it

was besieged hy iElfred, and a fleet which came to relieve it

was defeated by the fleet which iElfred had taken advan-

tage of the lull in the Viking attacks to build. (He had

already gained one victory with it in a.d. 875.*) The Viking

Army was allowed to depart from Wareham on condition

that it would quit the territory of the West Saxons. This

concession, whicli appears unadvisable, may have been neces-

sary. Still the result was that it brought to ruin the

English defence. The Army went no further than Exeter.

There it received reinforcement, and in a.d. 877 it marchedto Chippenham. The resistance of the English seemed to

break down on every hand. ' Many they drove over seas,

and all the rest submitted to them save iElfred the king.'f

The winter of 877-8 is the winter of iElfred's entrench-

ment with a little band of devoted followers on the island

of iEthelney (The Princes' Island), at the junction of the

Tone and the Parrot, about which and his hunted days

of wandering, so much picturesque legend has gathered.

The spring of 878 saw tlie revival of his hopes and of the

courage of the English. An army secretly assembled under

the shade of Selwood forest, and marched upon the Danesencamped in or about Chippenham, who were quite un-

prepared for its appearance. The armies of iElfrcd and

Guthorm encountered at -^thandune, probably upon the

downs close above Westbury. This time the victory of the

English was decisive. It was followed by the baptism of

Guthorm and his followers at Wedmore, and by a partition

of England, which added to the kingdom of iElfred, roughly

speaking, Mercia west of Watling Street and the Piivcr Lea,

but gave over the rest of England north of the Thames, to

* Asscr, p. 27. \ A. S. Chron. s. a.

d 2

XXXVi INTItuDrCTION.

ho inlml.itfd nii-l ^'nvcniod by tho Viking invarlors. It was

not liow.'ViT till A.I). HSO that the army of Guthorm fairly

Bottlt'd ill it.s now domiuions.

Till' rt'st of the reign of ^l^Ifred was devoted chiefly to the

fruitful vic'torioH of peace.

])uring the years of peace that followed it is probable

that J'jlfred extended the shire system into Mercia ;that

lie redacted and amended the laws both of the West Saxons

and of the Mercians ; above all, that he found the leisure to

do more than any king before him, or perhaps any that

followed him has done, to spread and encourage knowledge

and learning among his people, and to repair as far as might

be the ravages which a century of Viking attacks had made

in the civilization of England.*

That the new England which rose up out of the anarchy

of the war, was difierent from the England which preceded it

we may feel sure. Many of the characteristics of the early

Teutonic civilization were unfitted to the changed condition

of things. On every hand, not in England alone, the kingly

power was becoming more defined. And in all these lands

it rested more or less upon a standing army, such as it had

been the effect of these wars to create. We may take it that

the payments made to the Danes, the creation of a standing

army, of a fleet, and the taxes which had to be contributed

to these ends, are the main causes of the increase in the

coinage which is characteristic of iElfred's reign.

f

One result of the war was that Wessex now finally andcompletely absorbed the countries south of the Thames.There was never again question of an under-king in Kent.

Western Mercia took the place of Kent in this respect. She

• The earlier Viking attacks on Nortliumbria bail done not a little to

destroy the comparatively high civilization of that country at the end of theeighth century. Compare the letter of Alcuin in Jaffe, Bill Rer. Ger.Vol. vi. p. 22.

t What .t;ifred did in the direction of creating a standing army was todivide the Militia into two 8ccti..n#, and keep one half or tlie other always* with the colours.' It is prolMible that in addition to this there was apertuancnt army for garrison duty. See ^1. i^. Chron. a. a. 894. For Alfred's•hii>-Uiilding. si^* A. S. Chron. s. a. 8t>7.

INTRODUCTION. XXXVU

became the dependent kingdom, not yet the integral portion

of the domains of the House of Cerdic. ^thelred, the

leading ealdorman of Mercia, and a man of the old blood

royal, was made the lord or the ealdorman (but not, weobserve, the king) of the Mercians, and he was married to

uEthelflaed, the famous ' Lady of the Mercians,' the daughter

of Alfred and sister of Eadweard the Elder. But of

course this under-lordship did not include the right to

strike coins ; so that if iEthelred issued money at any

mint in his dominions, that coinage would bear the name of

Alfred, just as Eadgar's Mercian coinage (struck in the

lifetime of Eadwig) would bear Ead wig's name. This does

away with any external difficulty in the way of accepting

the coins which read ORSNAFORDA as an Oxford coinage, if

the internal difficulties in the way of changing an R into a

K are not considered too great.*

In the year 884 the Chronicle tells us that the army in

East Anglia broke the peace, and at the same time a newViking army—probably with the connivance of the East

Anglians—made a landing in Kent. -Alfred had kept his

fleet in good order, and when he had driven away the newcomers, he made with his ships an attack on the East Anglian

coast, which was only partially successful.! Two years later

we find iElfred rebuilding or refortifying London and giving

it over to his son-in-law ^thelred. It may be at this time

that the coins with the London monogram were struck. In

that case we must consider Halfdan the originator of this

important type in the coinage of .Alfred. This seems in

fact the most reasonable conclusion. Finally, in a.d. 892-3,

the English sustained the last serious attack from foreign

Vikings which she was to know for many years. One Army

* All that has been said by J. R. Green ('Conquest of England,' p. 1-J4)^

and others concerning the evidence afforded by these ORSNAFORDA coins,

is founded on a misconception.

t Asser gives tlie impression that Alfred's attack on East Anglia preceded

the breaking of tlie peace. IJiit this cannot have been the case : otherwise

the expression opprohn'osf J'i<>iiit would be too unreasonable. Kven supposing

(as Asser also implies) tliat ^Elfrcd's naval attack was directed more against

the English than against the Danes.

XXXviii INTKODLtTIOS.

of coutiiuiital VikiiiRs cfimo—prolmbly from tlio Illiine—and

nnotluT, heinlctl by llui fiiniouH ILi.stiiif^, came from Fraiurc.

Tho Vikings from Northumbria and East Anglia joined their

former brothers-in-armH. We described in the last volume

the coins probably struck by the Siefred, a Northumljrian

leader, who at this time, or the year following, came with a

fleet of 110 ships to Ilasting's aid, and eventually sailed

round to Exeter, whither ^Elfred was obliged to carry tho

English floet to besiege him ; while iEthclred the ealdorman

led an army against the invading force, which had marched

right across England from the Thames to the Severn. These

last were encountered and defeated at the battle of Butting-

ton, in which ^"Elfred's son Eadweard, the future king, took

part. With intervals this new war lasted till the year 897.*

Wo see that ^'Elfrcd took occasion of his latest victories

somewhat to extend his empire, and this circumstance is to

be noted as the first evidence of a turn of the tide. In tho

succeeding reigns we see the tide running strongly towards

a complete recovery of England by the English kings.

iElfred's long and famous reign ended in a.d, 901.r..iim>oof "We may assume that the greater number of iEIfred's.l>lfn.tl. .

i 1 T • ,1 /.

coins were struck during the years of comparative tran-

quillity which followed the expulsion of the Danes fromWesses. But though this applies to the coins it does notappear to hold true of the tijpca.

Typo i. is the type of iEthclred I.'s coins, and was no doubtthe type of the first issue of ^Elfred.

Typo ii. is that of ^l^thered, Archbishop of Canterbury, whoheld his see between a.d. 870-889. Vol. I. p. 78, PI. xiii. 9.

Type iii. is a variety of Type ii.

Type iv. is the curious and inexplicable type which occurson the coin of llalfdan (VLFDENE) described above, and on acoin of Ceolwulf II. uf Mercia (a.d. 874). It resembles certainBceatta types and types of early English gold coins (Vol. I.

pp. li. :{, PI. i. '2) and is apparently derived from the solidiof Valentinian I. or of Magnus iMaximus. Such a case of* atavism

'on the part of a coin-type seems almost inexplic-

* Shc ttLio lulrwluclioH to Vol. I. pp. xlix.-liii.

INTRODUCTION. XXXIX

able. The case is clearly an abnormal one, and too mncli

stress must not be laid on it. This typo is by the VLFDENE

coin closely connected with the London monogram type

which almost immediately follows.

Type v., like the previous type, is similar to the coinage of

Ceolwulf II. issued in 874. {See Vol. I. PI. x. 16).

We come next to the monogram types, Nos. vi.-xii. Wohave already described a coin with the London monogram,

that of Halfdan, struck as it seems in a.d. 874. Probably

this coin is the inauguration of the monogram type. Themonogram upon the reverse of coins had been hitherto

essentially a Prankish device. And not only is it jjrimd

facie probable that the Vikings would be more familiar than

the English with the Prankish currency of this date (so

much of which had been paid as ransom into their pockets)

;

but we have evidence in the Cuerdale coins (Vol. I. pp. xxix.

95, 204 sqq.) that the Vikings, in the earliest coins which

they struck for their own use, were disposed to imitate the

coinage of the Franks.* This first London monogram, then,

was introduced in a.d, 874. But Halfdan only remained a

short time in London. It is highly probable that after his

departure the Londoners continued to strike coins with this

monogram but placed upon it the head and name of ^l^lfred.

It seems hardly likely that the monogram type should have

remained totally in abeyance after its introduction by Halfdan

until the year ^Plfred was fully and legally lord of Loudon,

though it might have done so. For during a part of this

time London lay in a deplorable condition. In a.d. 886, as wehave seen, iElfred rebuilt the town and made ^Ethelred, lord

of the Mercians, its governor. From the London monogramare derived the others, Lincoln and Koiseng ? (Castle Rising ?)

These types for convenience sake are placed next ; though

chronologically type x. probably precedes some of them.

Both the last mentioned places, if the reading of the last

monogram be correct, were like London before a.d. 886,

* The Frankisli king whose coins may be taken to have .^inggostcd the

London and Lincoln monogram-types is Louis le Bcgue (a.d. 8(j 1-879).

Compare Gariel, Monnaies livtjuhs dv Francv sous la liace Curlovingienne,

pi. 38.

X\ IN'IK()I)i;(TI()N.

outHido tho kiiiK<l<>ni of /Klfrofl. Though therefore they

boar tho immo of tho king of Wessex tlicy are almost more

Viking coins than English ones.

Typo xiii. is derived from the St. Eadmimd coinage of

EftHt Anglia described in Vol. I. (see pp. 07-137, Pis. xvii.-

xix.) tho issue of which must have taken place before a.d. 905.

Types xiv. and xv. are the types which were copied by

Ciutliorni-yllthflstan when he began to strike coins (Vol. I.

pp. U.VO. I'l. xvi. 12).

Type xvi. with tho reverse CNVT, as ou the coins of North-

unibria described in Vol. I. pp. 204-221, Pis. xxiv.-v., is

in its obverse similar to Type xiv. Gu^red-Cnut of North-

umbria reigned from a.d. 877-894.

Type xvii. (' Dorobernia ') is the same as that of the

coins of Plogmund, Arclibishop of Canterbury, who held the

see between a.d. 890 and 914. In fact, we have now arrived

at the types which closely resemble some of those of Alfred's

successor Eadwcard I.

Type xviii. is the ' Orsnaforda ' type, which likewise

resembles the earlier types of Eadweard the Elder ; and

Type xix. is only a variety of Type xviii., made by intro-

ducing a design which is Frankish in origin and is to be

found on the coinage of Siefred, king of Northumbria

(Vol. I, pp. 223, nos. 1029-1032, PI. xxvi. 5-7), who reigned

from A.D. 894 to circ. a.d. 898.

Type XX. the Gloucester coin stands rather apart from the

other mints, and it may perhaps belong to an earlier part

of yElfred's reign than the other mint-types which follow,

viz. :

—

Types xxi. and xxiii. struck at Exeter, "Winchester, andBath; and

Type xxii., the pieds-forts or so-called ' offering pennies,'

which read on the reverse ELl MO-, but have on theobverse the same legend, aelfred rex saxonvm, as havethe coins of Type xxi. This legend, ' Alfred rex Saxouum,'connects the last types of .Elfred with Type i. of Eadweardthe Elder, which reads eadweard rex saxonvm ; and thesecoins of Eadweard too have on the reverse the three first

lettt-rs, BAO. of the mint Ba^an, aeon /Elfred's coins of Type

INTRODUOTION. xli

xxiii. This reverse again is similar to that of Type xxi.,

which, however, has the three first letters of the mints,

Exeter and Winchester, arranged in a difierent manner.

Again, the moneyer Eli on the ineds-forts connects these

coins with .Alfred's piece struck at Bath. It is obvious,

therefore, that all these types belong to the latter years

of iElfred's reign.

It may, we think, be taken that all the types from Typexiii.-xxiii. were issued subsequently to what is known as

the Peace of Wedmore, And albeit these only include

a minority of .ZElfred's types, the coins which belong to

these types constituted without question a large majority of

the issue of this reign. In the Museum Collection the later

coins stand to the earlier in the proportion of 384 to 68.

The confusions of this time of invasion and internal war-

fare, and of a new departure in the history of England, are

very well reflected on the coinages of iElfred's reign ; andit results from this that when we have, according to the

best lights which we possess, determined the order of /PJfred's

issues, we have by no means finished with the classes into

which the coins are to be distributed. It seems almost as

certain as it can be that all the coins bearing Alfred's namewere not struck under his authority or within his dominions.

And we have now to examine again Alfred's coins with the

object of distinguishing two classes : (1) The true Wessexcoinage, and (2) The more or less barbarous imitations of the

coins of Alfred.

We must look back for a moment to the previous volumeto ascertain the difierent coinages which we know to havebeen struck outside the limits of Alfred's kingdom durin"-

his reign. Of these there are three classes, two Christian

and one heathen. The first are the coins which commemo-rate the martyred king Eadmund of East Anglia slain by the

Danes in a.d. 870. Most of this coinage must have beenstruck somewhere between that year, 870, and the year 905.

(See Vol. I. pp. xxix. 97-137.) Then there are the coins

of Guthorm-^fchelstan (a.d. 878-890), the first Christian

Danish king in England {Ih. p. 95). Finally, there is

that curious series the penny coinage of Northumbria, of

xlii INTItoliICTloN.

^vlli(•ll nil tlio known oxaniplcs fornifd piirt of the ('uonLilc

llounl(//'. pp. 'JOl 'SM)). This in llio scricH wliicli more; than

any other isHUod iu England deserves the name of a Viking

coinage.

Beside coins of these series, which arc what they profess

to bo, coins struck outside yElfred's dominions, we have other

scries of more or les.s barbarous imitations of iElfred's

coinage, which were probably made in places under the rule

of the Vikings and where society was a good deal dis-

organized. Wo have even a series of imitations of the St.

Eadnumd coins (Vol. I., Introduction, p. xxix., cf. PI. xvii.,

no. 11 ; PI. xviii., no. 10 ; PI, xix., nos. 11, 13) ; then, we have

imitations of the coins of Plegmund, Archbishop of Canter-

bury (Vol. I., p. 79, no. 6G; p. 80, no. 7C), and finally we

have imitations of just the same character of Alfred's coins

(p. 41). The following numbers of /Elfred's coins maybedesignated as probably imitations, and therefore, though

professedly "Wessex coins, probably not struck either iu

Wessex or under the authority of iElfred.

1>. 38, No. 2 (St. Endmund).

pp. 41-15, Nos. 28-74.

p. 4(j, Nos. 81-83 (Lincoln).

p. 48, No. 103.

p. 49, No. 113 (London),

pp. ^n, 54, Nos. 148-154 (Oxford).

p. 59, No. 189 (St. Eadmund).

p. 79, Nos. 424-427.

p. 82, Nos. 453, 454.

\Vo sec that we have a link between the coins of yElfred

and those of St. Eadmund (2), as well as between Alfred'scoins and those of Northumbria (-154). It is in each case mostprobable that the coin was made in the district of the least

celebrated type. In other words, the coins of the famousking of Wessex are likely to have spread farther than thosecommemorating St. Eadmund, or those struck by Gubrcd-Cnut of Northumbria

; and therefore imitative coins whichcombine yElfrcd's types with one or other of these two arelikely to have been made in the country of the St. Eadmundcoinage or in the country of Cnut.

It is just at this point that the confusions and varieties

INTRODUCTION. xliii

in the names of the moneyers which appear upon the coins

reach their maximum. A large number of the names upon

the St. Eadmuud series, for example, seem to defy analysis.

Puzzling, however, as these names are, there is one thing

that comes out clearly with regard to them, that a large

number cannot be English names. Directly we pass outside

the region of iElfred's kingdom these un-English namesmeet us face to face. But what is strange is that they do

not appear to be so much Scandinavian names as Fraukish

ones.

The majority of the moneyers' names, which we marked as

uncertain in the Index to Vol. I., belong to this St. Eadmundseries. But still among those names about which we need

entertain no reasonable doubt by far the greater number are

certainly not Old English. We find such names as

—

Abboe*

xliv lNTH()l)i:(TIO.V.

liowovcr, tlm nnmoH Grim, Ston (niilf.sB tlii.s bo a con-

traction of Stcfiiii •), which aro prolmhly, and Gislcca and

Odulf.t which are possibly Scandinavian. Among the

Frankish inoiicyors above given we find Al^bonel and

Knodas striking also for Guthorm-iEthelHtan, and another

of Guthorin's moncyers, Better, who has a Frankish name.

It is pretty certain that the St. Eadmund coinage was

struck before a.d. 905. It probably belongs to a period

when East Anglia, nominally a Danish kingdom, was in a

quasi-anarchical condition, at any rate in this sense, that

there was no single recognised ruler in the country. Such

we must believe to have been its state after the death of

Guthorm, and very likely before that event. For if we

take the partition of JElfreds and GulSorms Fri^ to be the

partition of a.d. 88G, we find about fifty years later that a

great portion of this kingdom once Guthorm's, has been

under the rule of five separate small republics known as

the ' Five Burgs.' X It is quite possible, despite its pious

character, and the fact that St. Eadmund was martyred

by the Danes, that the St. Eadmund coinage began in

the reign of Guthorm. For these Scandinavians were quick

to change their creed, and often strangely zealous in their

new faith : witness the case of Harold Blaatand of Denmark;

who, though he was in the first instance a forced convert,

had no sooner become so than he set to work at once to

imperil and to lose his supremacy over Norway by trying

to compel his vassal Earl Hakon to accept baptism. §

"We can explain the occurrence of Frankish names uponthe coins of East Anglia on one of three suppositions : either

there were a great many Frankish soldiers in that portion of

the Great Army, which, under Guthorm, settled in EastAnglia and Mercia ; or the army brought over with it a certain

• Eng. nut. Her. v., p. 134.

t Hut of. IVrtz, vol. i., p. 93.

X The ' Five Burgs,' bo calKd, arc Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Leicester,

ami Stamford. Tlie lirst was probably never within the kingdom of Guthorm

;

but the other four were. On the character of tiicsc miniature republics, seei^tvcnstrup, SornMuiurnr, iv. 40 *</«/.

§ Ulaj't S. Tryggvag. (Heimskriiigia) c. 27 fq.

INTRODUCTION. xlv

number of Fraukish captives (thralls), and these having

some skill in metal-work were employed to engrave dies and

were at the same time authorized to place their names u^Don

them ; or finally, that the coins were issued by traders, and

the majority of these in East Anglia at this time were menof Frankish descent.*

As the English power extends to the north and east wefind Frankish and Scandinavian names beginning to appear

beside the English moneyers of the West Saxon kings.

Thus in the coinage of Eadweard the Elder, we have

—

Bern gar (Beringar?) Lanfer Kinnard (Rinard)

Grimwald ]\Iarbert Sigot.

Gundbert Pastor "Waltere

lofermuud Pi lit Warimer

We also have the following names, which are probably

Scandinavian

—

Framwis Irfiira Sigebrand

Frio<5ulf Odo SigeferS

Flits Raegenulf

In the following reign, ^thelstan (a.d. 925-940), we have

among new names

—

Abba Domcnces, Domiuic Mtcrten

Baldric Duriaiit PaulBiildwine Giongbald Stefanus

Barbe Gislemer

Bardel or Burdel

of possible or probable Frankish origin, and

—

Raegenald Rsegengrim purstan

which may very well be Scandinavian.

And if we continue our inquiry into the succeeding reigns,

Eadmund's and Eadred's, we still find a large number both

of Frankish and Scandinavian names. In addition to eleven

Frankish names from the preceding reign we find on

Eadmund's coins

—

Abenel Efrard (Everard,

Agtard Eberhard)

Bonsom t Ercimbald,

Dudclet Hadcbald (?)

* This is the theory adopted by Mr. York Powell, English Mist. Rev. v. pp.134-5. But see below, p. ciii. sqq.

t This may be a corruptiou of ' bonus homo,* a pedantry for Godmau.

xWi INTIMUMTTIOV.

And for Dnnisli naiiirs wo Imvc

—

/Kriiiiir..r Armilf Un-pcniilf Ulf

Furiuim* Uun.liilf pi(«liilf

Oilii Uuingrim ponilf or Doomlf

Uudor Eadrod only

—

Engilbred Norlwrt OSolrio Walter

Imvc a Frankish look

—

CiKilin Orim Unbein

may bo Scandinavian, and so forth. Under Eadwig the

Frankish names grow fewer, and hy the time wc reach the

reign of i'Ethelred II. they have almost disappeared, but the

Scandinavian names naturally continue in large numbers.

The various scries of coins initiated during iElfrcd's reign

which wo have been recently describing, the coins of

Guthorm-TEthclstan, Northumbrian coins from the Cuerdalc

Hoard, the imitations of the St. Eadmund coinage, of the

coinages of iElfrcd and Plcgmund may be grouped together

as the Viking coinage of England, and as such they

are of considerable interest. It must be remembered

that as yet scarcely any English coins had found their

way to Scandinavia,t and certainly they had as yet

produced no imitative coinage in the Scandinavian

countries. And though, as we see in the case of the

Dclgany Find, it is probable that English coins had been

carried over into Ireland by the Vikings of that country,

they had produced no imitative coinage there either. It is

possible, as was noticed in the Introduction to Vol. I., that

the Swedes possessed a certain currency copied from the

coins of Dorstat, which found their way to the north ; but

that is by no means certain. What is certain is that for

the initiation of a lasting Scandinavian currency, Irish,

Scandinavian, Norse or Swedish, we must go to a muchlater date, to the end of the tenth century, that is

to say, to the era of the second Scandinavian invasion

of England, that in which the Danes, now become the

• A York inonoycr.

+ St c Xiim Chrnii. 1SS2 (pninr already citc«l on the Dclgany Hoard) p. S4.

INTRODUCTION. xlvii

Danish nation, took a leading part. This earlier currency,

this mixed collection of original and imitative tyj^es, stands

ajiart from any other Scandinavian coinage, and is the only

one which represents what we have ventured to speak of

as the nationality of the Vikings.

If the coinage itself is, as we see that it is, mixed and

chaotic, it represents sufficiently well the nation and the

governments of that nation which issued it. It would not he

wise to press the coinage for more information than can

reasonably he drawn from it. Numismatists are too apt to

make that mistake. We cannot tell by what authority these

copies of JEUred's coins were made. The St. Eadmund coins

themselves, though they were issued under the auspices of

Christians, were coined in a country subject to the Vikings

and must have passed current among the latter : the

barbarous imitations of the St. Eadmund coins seem to

prove that they did so. The Cuerdale-Northumbrian coins

again, with their rude workmanship and their imitations of

Frankish types, stand quite apart from any other series that

we know. Though they bear the names of kings Cnut and

Siefred, we can hardly suppose that they were issued under

royal authority in the sense in which the contemporary

coinage of iElfred was so.* The only pieces out of all these

extra-Wessex series which at all correspond to our ideas of

an ordered and regular currency are the coins of Guthorm--ZEthelstan. These are the only coins which can be said to

imply a state of kingship among the Vikings at all cor-

responding to the kingship which obtained among the

English.

t

* Tlic genuine coinage of JEUrcd, that is.

t Wliat is meant by this is that 'king' among these wandering Norsemenis like 'earl,' always a personal and not a territorial title. In England it wasof course originally the same: but though ^l<]lfrod is still nominally 'king

of the Angcl-cyn,' he is in effect as much King of England, or of the part of

England which he rules, as his successors Eadwcard or Eadgar. It does not

seem a too bold conjecture to suppose that Guthorm-^Ethelstnn, wlien headopted Christianity, did so j)artly with a view to obtaining a more territorial

kingdom than had been customary witli the Vikings. And therecan be little

doubt that the settlement of Normandy and tiu! vassalage of the Normandukes is to be explained on the same principle, llalfdau in Northund)ria

probably attempted the same thing, lie is always spoken of as a tyrant,

Xlviii INTKODUCTION.

It is impossible to do moro than hint these various points

in which the coinage of yElfred's time may illustrate the

history of the period ; in the first place, because it is no

part of our purpose to write that history at length, still

less to dwell upon all its constitutional aspects ; and in the

second place, because it is not advisable to overstrain the

evidence which can be derived from coins, as numismatists are

somewhat apt to do. The history of this period for all the

parts outside the kingdom of Alfred is buried in obscurity,

and the confusion of the coinage only reflects the state

of confusion of the country.

With the accession of Eadweard the Elder, in A.d. 901,

we enter upon a simpler period of history and a simpler

coinage.

According to the strictest laws of primogeniture,

Eadweard was not the heir to the throne. That was

iEthelwald,* the son of ^thelred I., who not unnaturally

was aggrieved at being passed over by the Witan, and who

attempted to raise a rebellion. It is probable that this

iEthelwald was a man of no worth or likelihood, whereas

Eadweard had already showed his metal in more than one

encounter with the Vikings. The course which ^thelwald

pursued in his rebellion was an outrage on the patriotism

and the religious feelings of his countrymen ; and it leaves

a taint upon his courage. When he found how little

support he received at his first rising, he retreated to

Wimborne and shut himself up in the city with a nun

whom he had ravished from the cloister. He swore that he

would die there ; but instead secretly left the place and

fled north to Northumbria, where he was welcomed by the

Northumbrians as a king.f Gubred had probably been dead

six or seven years. The people of the north were perhaps

but then lie bad the Christians and the priests (the depositories of the law)

against him. The story of the ' invention ' of GutSred-Cuut (see Vol. I.

p. Ixvii), shows the part the Christians played in changing the succession.

But the history of Northumbria is buried in too much obscurity for us to

say wliat manner of king Gu^red-Ciiut was.

* ' JEthelbaldus,' .^thelweard.

t A. S. Chnm. s. a. 001 ; Fl. Wig. (E. H. S.), pp. 117-8.

INTRODUCTION. xlix

glad to welcome a claimant from a family whose ideas of

kiu^sliip were more determined than their own. The rival of

Eadweard maintained himself for a time ; but in a.d. 905

he and his Northumbrians were defeated by the English at

Holme, in Norfolk, far, as we see, beyond the borders of

Eadweard's kingdom.* This was the first of a series of

engagements which all mark the turn of the tide of victory

against the English Vikings.

A like turn of the tide had occurred—it may be as well

to note in passing—on the Continent also. The prelude

of it is the defeat of the great Viking fleet and armywhich besieged Paris in a.d. 885-7. f And though subsequent

and temporary successes followed that defeat, the next great

event in the history of the continental Vikings, the settle-

ment of Normandy in a.d. 912, must be looked upon (like

the settlement of East Anglia in this country) rather as a

register of defeat than a token of victory. In Germany the

Vikings sustained a decisive defeat at the hands of Arnulf

the Emperor—the successor of Charles the Fat—in a.d. 8914(It was this defeat abroad which brought about the second

Viking invasion of England during Alfred's reign.) This

victory of Arnulfs was a final one as regards the relief of

Germany from serious Viking invasions. Let us note that

two new elements of warfare became at this time conspicuous

by the aid which they gave towards the Vikings' defeats

—

the increase in the * cavalry arm '—the development of the

heavy-armed man-at-arms of the mediaeval type—and the

development of military engineering, the building of forts

and fortified bridges to hinder the advance of invading

armies and invading fleets. In the defence of Paris, above

spoken of, it is the fortification that plays the principal

part. In Germany, too, at this period the building of forts

was being actively carried on. And it is this clement in

warfare which is the most important one in England for the

* According to Flomieo he had lieen driven ovt;r sea and liad returned,

p. 1 18. Stoenstrui) lias set right tlic clirouulogy of this rebellion, <>. c. III. 32 sq.

t Abbo, Bel. Par. Urhis (Pertz, vol. ii. pp. 77G-805); Annnles Vedtiofiin

88.5-7 (lb. i. 522-4); Reginouis Clironicon (lb. i. 590-6), &c.

X AnndlfK Fuldevses, a. a. 8!JI.

Xlviii INTIIODT'CTION.

It is imposaiblc to do moro than hint these various points

in which the coinage of Alfred's time may illustrate the

history of the period ; in the first place, because it is no

part of our purpose to write that history at length, still

less to dwell upon all its constitutional aspects ; and in the

second place, because it is not advisable to overstrain the

evidence which can be derived from coins, as numismatists are

somewhat apt to do. The history of this period for all the

parts outside the kingdom of Alfred is buried in obscurity,

and the confusion of the coinage only reflects the state

of confusion of the country.

AVith the accession of Eadweard the Elder, in a.d. 901,

we enter upon a simpler period of history and a simpler

coinage.

According to the strictest laws of primogeniture,

Eadweard was not the heir to the throne. That was

iEthelwald,* the son of .^thelred I., who not unnaturally

was aggrieved at being passed over by the Witan, and who

attempted to raise a rebellion. It is probable that this

iEthelwald was a man of no worth or likelihood, whereas

Eadweard had already showed his metal in more than one

encounter with the Vikings. The course which ^thelwald

pursued in his rebellion was an outrage on the patriotism

and the religious feelings of his countrymen ; and it leaves

a taint upon his courage. When he found how little

support he received at his first rising, he retreated to

"Wimborne and shut himself up in the city with a nun

whom he had ravished from the cloister. He swore that he

would die there ; but instead secretly left the place and

fled north to Northumbria, where he was welcomed by the

Northumbrians as a king.f Gubred had probably been dead

six or seven years. The people of the north were perhaps

but then he had the Christians and the priests (the depositories of the law)

against liim. The story of the ' invention ' of GuSn'd-Cunt (see Vol. I.

p. Ixvii), shows the part the Christians played in changing the succession.

But the history of Northumbria is buried in too much obscurity for us to

say what manner of king Gu*red-Caut was.

* ' ^thelbaldus,' ^thelweard.

t A. S. Chnm. s. a. 001 ; Fl. Wig. (E. H. S.), pp. 117-8.

INTRODUCTION. xlix

glad to welcome a claimant from a family whose ideas of

kiugsLip were more determined than their own. The rival of

Eadweard maintained himself for a time ; hut in a.d. 905

he and his Northumhrians were defeated hy the English at

Holme, in Norfolk, far, as we see, heyond the borders of

Eadweard's kingdom.* This was the first of a series of

engagements which all mark the turn of the tide of victory

against the English Vikings.

A like turn of the tide had occurred—it may be as well

to note in passing—on the Continent also. The prelude

of it is the defeat of the great Viking fleet and armywhich besieged Paris in a.d. 885-7. f And though subsequent

and temporary successes followed that defeat, the next great

event in the history of the continental Vikings, the settle-

ment of Normandy in a.d. 912, must be looked upon (like

the settlement of East Anglia in this country) rather as a

register of defeat than a token of victory. In Germany tho

Vikings sustained a decisive defeat at the hands of Arnulf

the Emperor—the successor of Charles the Fat—in a.d. 8914(It was this defeat abroad which brought about the second

Viking invasion of England during .Alfred's reign.) This

victory of Arnulfs was a final one as regards the relief of

Germany from serious Viking invasions. Let us note that

two new elements of warfare became at this time conspicuous

by the aid which they gave towards the Vikings' defeats

—

the increase in the * cavalry arm '—the development of the

heavy-armed man-at-arms of the mediaeval type—and the

development of military engineering, the building of forts

and fortified bridges to hinder the advance of invading

armies and invading fleets. In the defence of Paris, above

spoken of, it is the fortification that plays the principal

part. In Germany, too, at this period the building of forts

was being actively carried on. And it is this element in

warfare which is the most important one in England for the

* Acconlinf^ tn Florriicc he had heen driven ov(;r sea and liad rotnrnod,

p. 118. Stoenstruj) has set right the chronology of this rebellion, o. c. III. 32 .•v/.

t Abbo, Bel. Prir. Ihhis (Pertz, vol. ii. pp. 776-805); Annnlpn ]'pdii>tfi)ii

885-7 (lb. i. 522-4); Keginouis Chronicon (lb. i. 595-6), &c.

X Annaldi Fuldenses, a. a. 8U1.

e

1 INTRODUCTION.

period on which wc arc now embarked. This practice of fort-

building was the main instrument in the extension of the

power of the West Saxon kings over the Scandinavians

settled south of the Ilumbcr.

After his victory over the Vikings at Holme we find

Eadweard renewing his father's compact with the king of

the East Englc. This king is not Guthorm-iEthelstan whodied in a.d. 890,* but another Guthorm called Eohricson

(Eiriksson).

Whenever, upon his coins, Eadweard takes any title in

addition to that of ' rex ' it is simply ' Eex Saxonum,' as his

father and great-grandfather had done before him. But in

his charters Eadweard calls himself ' Angul-Saxonum Eex.'

Before his death Eadweard had the opportunity of wholly

incorporating Mercia with his dominions, and even in the

lifetime of -^Ethelred, the ealdorman of Mercia, and of

Eadweard's sister, ^Ethelflaed, the Lady of the Mercians,

Eadweard was the king of this part of England. We mayassume, and the types of the coins which bear it favour this

assumption, that the rather restricted title ' Eex Saxonum

'

was only used by Eadweard at the beginning of his reign.

f

For Eadweard had very early in his reign the opportunity

of extending his immediate rule over some of the Angles

north of the Thames, over part of the country of East Mercia,

which had previously belonged to Guthorm-iEthelstan. Each

step whereby Eadweard gained his extension of territory wecannot trace—not, that is, until we enter upon the succeeding

phase, the greatest in the recovery of England from the

Vikings—the Building of the Burgs. At the date at

which Eadweard begins building these frontier fortresses

of his kingdom we find that his power has already extended

some way into the old Viking country.

The buildins; of fortresses in En^cland was not inaugurated

* A. S. Chron. s. a. (C. 891).

t In Kcmble, nos. 338, 33.5 (a.d. 901 and 903), the title Angnl- (or Angul-)

Saxonum Rex occurs; in no. 337 (.\.d. 904) Eadweard called himself 'HexAnsl'Tum.' These arc the only srenuine charters given. ^Ethelrcd, of Mercia,

ai)d his wife iEthellL'cd, call themselves in their only genuine charter (K. 330,

A.D. 901). ' Slonarehiiim Jlorciorum teuentes, &c.'

INTRODUCTION. ll

by Efidweard but by his sister, ^thelflciecl the Lady of the

Mercians. We first read that in a.d. 907 iEthelflaed restored

the town of Chester which had lain waste for some time.

The town (it is probable) became a mint under ^iEthelstan.

But we are not told that ^thelflged fortified it.* A.D. 911 is

the probable date of the beginning of the work of building

forts. iEthelflaed's first burg is said, in the Chronicle, to

have been at Bremesburg, which Steenstrup places in

Hertfordshire. Thorpe identifies the place with ' Brams-bury or Bramsby,' in Lincolnshire.f This identification is

quite inadmissible ; for it is impossible that at this date

iEthelflfed's power could have extended into that country. If

we accept Steenstrup's allocation we find her beginning near

the boundary of her own and her brother's rule. Hersecond burg, * Scergeat,' cannot be identified. After that

we find her building upon quite the opposite side of her

dominions at Bridgnorth, near the Welsh border, and

therefore as much against her Welsh neighbours as against

the Vikings.

The first burg which Eadweard built was upon the old

line of division in the ^Ifred-Guthorm peace, that is to say

at Hertford on the Lea. But the country north of the

Thames had formerly belonged to the Mercian half (-^thel-

flped's half) of the West Saxon kingdom, so that it is clear that

Eadweard's dominions had extended in this direction. Thenext burg was built further east, at Witham, half-way towards

Colchester and in the country formerly assigned to Gutliorm.

From this time forward the work of fortress-building

went on apace. In a.d. 914-15 iEthelflsed further built

Tamwprth, Stafford, and Wedensborougli,^ in Staffordshire,

Cherbury in Shropshire, Eddesbury and liuncorn in

Cheshire, and Warwick. Then in a.d. 918 (?) ^thelflaid died.

Her husband had predeceased her in a.d. 912, and they loft

only a daughter.§ It was unfitting that Mercia should any

* A.S. Chron. s. a. 907 (cf. y'. 89-i); Fl. Wig. p. 120.

t Seo A. S. Chron. (Hdlls Ser.) Vol. I. Indox s. v. Brcmcsburli.

X Waidhorongli? in Oxfordslnre ; sec A.S. Citron, s.a. DLO and l>clow p. r.\ix.

§ .^lOlhclllred's danghtcr, .Elfwyn, had lucn betrothed lo liagnald of York

Cthe Kagnald, sou of Ivar, whose biography is given in Vol. I. p. Ixix.) williuut

e 2

lii INTRODUCTION.

longer be separated from Wcssox ; and Eadwcard tlie Elder,

not -without some remonstrance, but without any active

opposition, incorporated the Anglian state in his ownkingdom.

The following is a table of all the burgs built by

^thelflaed and Eadweard. It is taken from Steenstrup's

Normannerne, vol. iii., p. 42.

Burg.

YEAP^.

Anglo-SaxonChronicle.[MSB. A-D.]

^tliclflaod

Eadweard

^thelflsed

Eadweard

^thelflc'cd

Eadweard

Bremesburg .

ScergeatBridgnorthHertford (Northern Burg'WithamHertford (Southern Burg)TamworthStaffonl

Eddesbury

"Warwick

Buckingham .

ChorburyWedensboroughHuncornBedford (Southern Burg)]\Ialdon .

Cledemutha (Gladraouth

Towcester

Waymere

Huntingdon .

Cok'hesterStamford (Soutliern Burg)(Nottingham (N()rtlu'rn\

I Burg)TbelwallManchester(Nottingham\ Burg)Bakewell

(Southern

Hertfordshire

Shropshire .

Hertfordsliire

Essex . AHertfordshire j

Staflbrdshire.

Cheshire

Warwickshire

("Buckingham-

\ shire

Shropshire ,

Staffordshire

CheshireBedfordshireEssex .

South "Wales

jNorthamp-\ tonshire .

Hertfordshire

(Huutingdon-

\ shire

Essex .

LincolnshireNottingham-

shire

CheshireLancashire ,

Nottingliam-shire

Poakland

/(b. c.) 910\

t (D.) 909 ./

(b. c.) 912 .

(b. c.) 912 .

(A. B. CD.) 913

(a.b.c. D.)913

(b. c. d.) 913(B. c. D.) 913(b. c.) 914 .

|(B. c.) 9141

\ (D. 915 ,/

> (a.b.c. D.) 915

(B. c.) 915(B. c.) 915(B. c.) 915(A.) 919(A.) 920(c. D.) 921

(A.) 921

(a.) 921

(A.) 921.}

(A.) 921(A.) 922

(a.) 922

(A.) 923

(A.) 024

(A.) 924

911

913913913

914

914914915

915

915

916916916916917

918

918

918

918919

919

920

921

921

Eadwcard"s knowledge or consent. Apparently, therefore, there was a party

in I^Iorcia opposed to the claims of tlie West Saxon king, as indeed we should

expect tliere to be.

INTRODUCTION. liii

Whenever a burg is completed we find that submission is

made by the dwellers in the immediate neighbourhood,

^thelflaed's first burg was built subsequent to a victory which

she had gained over the Danes at Tettenhall or Wednes-

field.* This at least appears to have been the case, though

the connection between the two events is not clear. It is

probable that the "West Saxons and Mercians fought together

against the Vikings, and that the battle took place in a.d.

911.t Whether therefore it was brought about by ^thelflsed's

work, or was the cause thereof, must be left doubtful.

When Eadweard had built his burg at Witham, we read

that a good deal of the folk submitted to him, which were

before subject to the Danes.J

But it was not to be expected that these works would go

on without opposition on the part of the ' Danes.' In a.d. 914* the Army rode out from Northampton and from Leicester,

and broke the peace, and slew many men.' This ' army

'

was eventually defeated. Except in the early account of

the peace between Eadweard and Guthorm Eiriksson, weonly now and then hear of kings being concerned in these

risings. And we may conclude that a very large part of

Danish England or Viking England was at this time

Tinder a republican form of government (see what is said

above, p. xxx). Possibly we may divide Viking-England

into three distinct divisions—East Anglia, where the pro-

portion of Viking, or at any rate of Scandinavian blood was

comparatively small, but which had been and probably was

still a kingdom ; Northumbria, where the people were anxious

to have a king as a counterpoise to the English kingdom

;

and the middle region, parts of Cambridgeshire, of Hunting-

donshire and Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Eutland,

Leicestershire, a great part of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire

and Lincolnshire, where the Danes were settled in large

* Tetteuliall in the Chronicle ; Wctlncsfield in ^thelwcanl and Florence.

t Stecnstrup,xVorma)int /•;((', iii. 13 tf^/'/., sliows tlie identity of the hattUs of

Tettenhall and of "\Vt dne.slield. The site of the battle is in Staliordahire

;

but Danes from Hertfordshire may have taken part in it.

t A. S. Chron. s. a. 913.

liv INTHODUCTION.

numbers (this in tlic great region of * bys ' and ' tliorpcs '),

but settled under a very Iooho form of government, divided

into difl'creut * armies ' under different chiefs. One group

of small republics was that known as the ' Five Burgs.'

AVe have in a.d. 915 an account of a new Viking raid. It

was directed first against the Welsh. The invaders took

prisoner the Bishop of Llandaff, and were eventually defeated

by the men of Hereford and Gloucester, Eadweard's severest

struggle with Vikings at home took place in a.d. 921. A great

army was gathered together from the land of the Mercian

Danes, and of the East Anglian Danes. These men sought on

their side to raise fortifications : they built a fort at Temps-

ford in Bedfordshire, and from Tempsford they marched

on Bedford. But this rising only led to further defeats of

the Vikings. Tempsford was taken, and the ' king ' [of that

body of Vikings] slain. ' ThurferS and the holds, and the

Army, which belonged to Northampton, north as far as

Welland, the peasantry (landleoda) such as were left, sub-

mitted to King Eadweard, and sought his peace and

protection ; a great number of the folk, both in East Engle

and in Essex, who had before been under the power of the

Danes, submitted to him ; and all the Army in East Engle

swore oneness with him, that it would will what he willed.'

' And the army which belonged to Cambridge chose him to

be lord and protector as he arede.'*

AVe gather from these quotations, in what form Eadweard

extended his power over England. The English folk in

many places threw off the lordship of the Danes and became

Eadweard's subjects once more : the Danish folk not singly,

but in their constitutional bodies commended themselves to

him ; not thereby w'hoUy abandoning their earlier form of

constitution.

No doubt among themselves the Danish communities con-

tinued to be small republics within the state. These ' armies'

rise again to the surface in the troubled years of ^thelred

II. So do the Five Burgs, only now grown into the Seven

Burgs, which notwithstanding seem to have been incorporated

A. S. Ckron.s.a. 921.

INTRODUCTION. \y

in the English kingdom in Eaclweard's reign, or at the

latest in that of his son Eadmimd. We know too that all

Viking England—all Danish England if that expression be

preferred—eontinned to be governed by its own laws till it

once more obtained a Scandinavian sovereign in Cnut. Butfor larger purposes of administration—for the furnishing of

an army, for example, and the manning of a fleet—we maybelieve that England south of the Humber was now one.

Certain verses quoted in the Chronicle, speaking of

Eadmund, Eadweard's son and second successor, assign to

this king the especial credit of having subdued the Five

Burgs. But that must, one thinks, have only been subsequent

to a second revolt. For .^thelstan struck coins at two (or

three) of these five towns.* And, as we have said, the Five

Burgs are still a sort of political unity long after the days of

Eadmund.In every respect the reign of Eadweard the Elder is one Coinape of

of reviving prosperity for the English, and this character- i^j^'l^^'iaril the

istic is sufficiently reflected in his coinage. Alfred's later

coinage (the Exeter and Winchester coins for example)

are a great improvement upon his earlier ones ; and these

later types are continued in the earlier coins of Eadweard

his son. But, presently Eadweard's coins undergo a further

improvement. The busts upon them are sometimes beauti-

fully modelled and engraved, and remind us of the best

drawings on Anglo-Saxon MSS. of the period. The letters

in the inscriptions are better made and more clearly cut

than heretofore ; and, in their reverse types, the coin-

engravers launch out, as it were, into a series of elaborate

* The nttribution of the coins of iEthclstan assigned to Chester wasadopted subsequent to the publication of a paper on the mints of Chester

and Leicester by Mr. Ilynian IMontagu (Ntim. Citron., 3rd Ser., Vol. xi.

p. 12 sqq.). Previously the coins were assigned to Leicester. The reader must

1)6 referrc^d to the paper for the arguments by which ]Mr. IMontagu sustains

the attribution which has been followed in the catalogue. They arc of great

weight. But at the same time it must be acknowledged that the time when

we first find ai> Engli.sh king beginning to strike at Nottingham and Derby,

is precisely the time when \\v sliouM look fur a lioicester coinage also. It

may be, therefore that the supposed Chester coins are Leicester coins after all.

Ivi INTUODUCTION.

ornaments and dcsif:^ns (tlio hand of Providence,* tho

rci)rcs('ntation of buildings, &c.), the like of wliicli are not

to be found either before or after—unless indeed we go far

back to the peaceful and prosperous reign of OfTa, king of

Mercia, tlie reign which saw the first faint warnings of that

great Viking invasion of which Eadweard in a certain sense

saw the end.

It might even be fancied that the types of a building

or a wall, such as those of the reverse of PI. viii. 13 and 14,

were commemorative of the building of the burgs, which

had done so much to free England from the yoke of the

foreigners.!

The Scandinavian populations in the British Islands, or

even in the Scandinavian world generally, were at this

moment entering upon a transition era which separates what

may be called the First Viking Age from the Second Viking

Age. When we read in the English Chronicle, as after an

interval of forty years we do once more, the accounts of

attacks upon England by various bodies of Scandinavians

which begin almost directly after the accession of ^thel-

red II., we might fancy we had gone back two hundred

years and were reading the history of the outbreak of the

Viking era at the end of the eighth century. The names

and expressions which we have been used to in the earlier

age, ' the Danes,' ' the Army,' appear again in these ac-

counts. But it would have been impossible for the Scandi-

navian people to remain stationary during these two

hundred years ; and, as a matter of fact, we know that

they did not do so. Great changes had taken place amongall the Scandinavian peoples since the moment at which

* This type of the 'haud of Providence' occurs on some imperial coins of

tho period (Danncnbcrg, Deutsche Milnzen, pi. 24, 503). This fact is interesting

in view of the relations of Eadweard's son (and daughter) to the Gerniaa

Emperor.

t Originally they were no doubt derived from the ' temple ' type of Lewis

the Pious. It is possible that this type (like tlie monogram type) was intro-

duced by tlie Vikings, and that the coin of ^Ethelred I. which bears this

type was struck by Viking invaders in East Auglia (cf. Vol. I. p. 94 ; Vol. II.

p. 27). In any case the buiklings ou EadwciU'd's coins are only remotely

connected with this parent type.

INTEODUCTION. Ivii

they first emerge into the light of history. "We may place

the ending of the First Viking Era about the year 912,

which is the date of the treaty of St. Clair-en-Epte.* At

that date the extent of the conquests of the Scandinavians

was practically complete. During the era which preceded

it, out of the three parent Scandinavian countries had

gradually been built up a vast congeries of states, a

Greater Scandinavia. This Greater Scandinavia, with the

older countries, included (counting from the East to the

West) a huge district in the North and West of Eussia

extending from Kiev to Lake Ladoga. It included Sweden,

Norway, and Denmark, and a strip of land in North Germany(Mecklenburg), Northern England, Man, most of the Western

Scottish Islands, the Orkneys and Shetlands. There were,

further, large settlements in Ireland grouping themselves

into what were known as the three kingdoms of Dublin,

Waterford, and Limerick. Then there were the Scandi-

navian Colonies, the Faroes and Iceland, to complete this

great stretch of territories which were all inhabited bypeoples closely allied in blood, in speech, and in customs.

Here were ready to hand all the materials for forming a

great northern empire ; and at one time it was quite within

the bounds of possibility that an empire might have been

formed out of these elements. For not only had the

northern states expanded in the way we have described, but

the constitutions under which they were governed had beenchanging likewise. In the three older kingdoms at any rate

monarchies had been established on a tolerably secure basis

;

and the establishment of these strong powers in Norway,Sweden, and Denmark no doubt had an influence on other

Scandinavian settlements. The earls of Orkney (Orkney,

Shetland, and Caithness) were nominally vassals, for a portion

of their territory, of the kings of Norway, for another part, of

the kings of Scotland. But the earls of Orkney who appear

upon the stage of history at this period were men of very

strong character who made themselves into practically

* This date has been disputed by Mr. Iloworth (Archicologia, xlv. 244 »v/.).

But not ill our judgineiit ou sufficicut gruuuda.

Iviii INTRODUCTION.

indcpondcnt Rovcrcigns. Wo know less about the rulers of

tlio Western isLuulH iind of Man, or again about the kings iu

Ireland. But we may feel sure that in these countries also

the very nebulous groups of Vikings, which resembled the

different ' Armies ' which our English Chronicle speaks of

as settled, at the beginning of the tentb century, in East

Anglia and Mercia, were beginning to group themselves into

stronger and better-governed states.

There is another way in which the second era of Scan-

dinavian conquest in England stands contrasted with the

first. When the Vikings first came to England, or to any

of the other countries of Christian Europe, they came as an

army rather than as a navy. In other words, the Viking

ships were not originally designed to take part in naval

engagements, but were only ships of transport. The earlier

Vikings could not fight at sea, for the simple reason that the

Christian powers had no fleets to oppose to them. Amongthe Christian powers the English were the first who set

about the building of fleets. And in the earlier naval battles

between the English under -^thelwulf, or under -Alfred,

and their invaders, the former were generally victorious.

During the period of the Second Viking Age all the

Scandinavian powers had learned to fight at sea, and naval

battles were their chief delight.*

We have not yet arrived at the outbreak of the Second

Viking Age, but so far as England is concerned at a transi-

tion era between the two. Among the English, as in other

* The era in which the word ' Viking ' is found in commonest nse, in the

Sagas, &c., is during the latter part of the tenth century and the begiuuing

of the cleventli. ' A'ikuig ' signifies in this use neither more nor less than

sea-rover, sea-advcnturor. But this is not the etymological meaning of the

word riJi-ing. Etymologically it is either the man of the vik (bay) in the

general sense, or else the man of the Vik (the Bay par excellence) i.e. the land

on the northern side of the Skager-rak. This etymological mt.auiug must be

the earliest oue ; so that the change in meaning to the general sense which* Viking ' has in the Sagas, implies a change in the chiuacter of the Vikings

themselves. These changes in meaning may be compared, in the first place (aa

a mere expansion), with the change iu the meaning of the word ' Hellene ' ;

iu the second place (as a change from a proper to a general name), with such

words as ' myrmidons,' the modern French ' suisse,' and so forth. Scc

Cleasby's Icelandic Dictionary (Vigfusson), s. v. ' Viking.'

INTRODUCTION. lix

countries, an instinctive tendency towards centralization and

stronger government made itself felt. This tendency was

strengthened by the vigour of the "West Saxon kings who,

during the two generations which follow Alfred, expended

all their energy in absorbing into their kingdom the Danes

south of the Humber. All the lesser armies or the smaller

republics, such as those five burgs, Lincoln, Nottingham,

Leicester, Stamford, and Derby, lose their distinct indivi-

duality and became levelled away into a larger Dane-Law,

a district subject to the English kings though governed

according to Danish law and custom. The country north

of the Humber, however, remained, and we may surmise

became more homogeneous and stronger by the same pro-

cess which was simplifying and strengthening both the

English and the Scandinavian states. So that a good deal

of the sense of nationality among the Northumbrians, even

among the English of Northumbria, rallied round the

Danish kings of that district, and we actually find an Arch-

bishop of York, an Englishman, taking the part of these

foreign kings against the kings of Southern England.

The Vikings of Northumberland came very near to sub-

mitting to iEthelflsed. But they would not submit to her

brother Eadweard. There had been talk, as we saw, of

marrying ^Ethelflaed's daughter to Kagnald, a Norse king

of Northumbria. This Kagnald was a ruler whom the

Northumbrians had imported from Ireland. And he was

only the first of a series of Northumbrian kings who all

belonged to the same house; collectively this house is knownin the Chronicles as the Sons of Ivar (' Hy-Imhair ' in Irish*),

and Ivar, the founder of the house, has been identified with

Ivar, a son of the half mythical or wholly mythical Kagnar

Lodbrog.f The biographies and the coinages of these kings

of the house of Ivar were given in the last volume,! andit is not therefore necessary to repeat their history here.

But what we have to note is that during the reigns of the

* Todd, War of the Gaedhil ivith (he GaiU (R. S.), pp. 2«;S sqq.

t Tlio iilciilificafiuii is probahly mistaken. Sec Vol. I., lutroductioii, p. l.\ix.

X Vol. I. pp. liii., Ixviii. Ixxii., 231-2;J8.

Ix INTRODUCTION.

three sons of Eaflwcard, TEthclHtan, Eadmund, and Eadred,

these kings do not at once disappear before the power of

the West Saxon kings, as did no doubt the petty rulers in

Mercia and East Anglia.

^thelstan, about whose title to succession there was some

doubt, was not at the beginning of his reign in a position to

attempt the conquest of Northumbria from her new kings

;

the less so that (as we have said) the English Northumbrians

showed that they had enough of the spirit of nationality or

separatism left in them to make them ready sometimes to

side with their heathen conquerors, rather than allow them-

selves to be incorporated in the West Saxon kingdom.

One of iEthelstan's first acts was to make peace with the

present king of Northumbria, Sihtric Gale, and to give him

his sister in marriage. Sihtric Gale died the next year, and

iEthelstan was then able to take over the kingdom of York,

and add it to his own kingdom. He may have done this as

heir to King Sihtric, or as protector of his sister. The act

was not in all respects a prudent one : for it produced the

first great alliance of lesser British princes, directed against

the power of the English king. Howel, king of the North

Welsh,* Constantino (III.), king of the Scots, and Eadred,

king of Bamborough

—

i.e., Bernicia, the portion of Northum-

bria which had still been left to the Anglian kings though as

under-kings only—were the members of this coalition. But

they were, the Chronicle says, subjugated by iEthelstan, and

compelled to swear oaths and give hostages to him. Guthfri^

[Godfred], king of Dublin, who was a relative of—according

to William of Malmesbury he was the son of—Sihtric Gale,t

tried to make good his claim to the kingdom of Northumbria,

iEthelstan, however, drove him from the kingdom. Guth-

friS went first to the king of the Scots ; but he did not deem

himself safe there from the power of ^Ethelstan, and so

returned to Ireland. A little later another unsuccessful

attempt on the Northumbrian kingdom was made by one

TurferS. It was probably subsequent to these events that

* ' West Welsh ' the Chroiiicic says, by a slip of the peu.

t Wil. Muliu. 0. li. A. (E. II. S.), p. 212.

INTRODUCTION. Ixi

yEthelstan assumed the title ' Eex totiiis Britannise ' which

we see on his charters and his coins. (See below p. Ixii.)

Then followed seven years of peace, the most glorious

years which any king of Wessex had yet known. That the

titles which ^Ethelstan assumed were not empty boasts, but

that his position was recognised by foreign princes we

know. We know that many foreign princes sought tho

hands of his sisters, the daughters of Eadweard the Elder.

The most famous of these marriages was that of the Princess

Eadgith (Eaditha)] with the Emperor Otto I. Charles the

Simple of France married Eadgifu (Eadgiva). This queen and

her son Lewis, amidst the troubles which surrounded the late

Carlings, sought asylum in England ; it was from England

that this Lewis was brought back to be crowned king of

the West Franks. Whence he is known in history as Ludo-

vicus transmarinus, or Louis d'Outremer. Eadhild (Ethilda)

married Hugh the Great, the father of Hugh Capet ; and

Ealgifu (Ealgiva) married Louis, king of Provence, son of

Boso, and nephew of Charles the Bald's second wife,

Kichildis. .^jlthelstan had thus intimate relations with

nearly all the Christian princes of Western Europe.

^thelstan's greatness was recognised by the northern

powers. Harald of Norway, now nearing the end of his

reign, sent an embassy to England.

There are many accounts of the relations of JEthelstan

and Harald. The best known story, the one told in Harolds

Saga Harfagra, represents the intercourse of the kings as

hardly friendly. But we may believe the stories of tho

practical jokes (for such they really wore) which ^thelstan

and Harald played upon each other are apocryphal. We must

only accept the outcome of the legend that -^tlielstan did

really become godfather to ITarald's son Hakon, who was called

Hakon ^thelstans-fostri. Harald Fairhair had no cause to

love the Norsemen who were the foes of iEthelstan; for

they were the men, or the sons of the men, who had fought

under the banner of Kjutvi and his allies at Hafirsfjord. So

that friendship between Harald and iEthelstan was as

natural as were the friendly relations of Harun-el-Kashid

and Charlemagne. This relationship between England and

Scandinavia is of interest; more especially in view of the

Ixii INTRODUCTION,

part wliicli tlio English coinage played in inaugurating a

Scandinavian currency.

In the reign of Tli^tlielstan we Lave the carlicKt numis-

matic record of the conquests of his father in the coins

struck by the son at certain mint-places in Mercia, viz. at

Chester (?), Derby, Nottingham, and a record of his own

conquests in the coins which he struck at York. Another

feature of the coinage of iEthelstan is the appearance on it

of the title REX TOTIUS BRITANNI/E [REX TOT. BRIT.] of

which we have just spoken. We find that this title appears

on nearly all the coins with mint names ; though in one

instance, a coin of Derby, we have a reversion to the antique

form Eex Saxonum.* We have already said that the title

7'ex totius Britanniie was probably first assumed after the

submission at Eamot (Emmet) of the Scottish and Welsh

kings and of the Northumbrian GuthfriS.t

* Which never occurs on the charters of ^thelstan.

t On the probably genuine charters of iEthelstan in Kemble we find the

king signing or described as follows :

—

Charter no. 345 (date uncertain), ^^clstanus rex Anglorum, per omnipa-

trautis dcxteram totius

Britannise regni solio sub-

limatus

„ 347, A.D. 929 . . „ regnum totius Albionis deo

auctore dispensana

„ 348, „ „ . . ,, rex Anglorum

„ 353, „ 931 . . ,, rex Anglorum, per omnipa-

trantis dcxteram totius

Britannise regni solio sub-

limatus

„ 356 (date uncertain). „ rex Anglorum et asqne totius

Albiouis, . . . rex totius

Brytannias

,, totius Britanni.TB basileus

„ apice totius Albionis sublima-

tus, . . . totius Britmniaj rex

„ rex et rector totius hujus

Britannia! insulw, . . . rex

totius Britannia)

3G4, „ 934 . . ,, rex Anglorum per omnipa-

trantis dexleram totius

Britanuife regni solio sub-

limatus

:{(i9. „ 937 . . ,. rex monarchus totius Britan-

ni;o insula' . . . rex totius

Britannia'

357,

INTHODUCTION. Ixiii

In A.D. 934 Constantino III., king of Scotland, rebelled

against -^thelstan ; and the English king sent a fleet and

an army to invade Lis country. It was either just before

or just after this event that Constantino married his daughter

to Olaf Quaran, a Norse King of Dublin, and likewise,

according to one tradition, the brother-in-law of Olaf

Tryggvason, subsequently King of Norway.* Three years

after this harrying of iEthelstan's in Scotland, Olaf Quarancame back to Scotland bringing with him another Olaf, Olaf

Godfredsson from Dublin. A new coalition was formed

against .^thelstan. Owen of Cumberland joined it. Thefleet of the allies sailed up the Humber and took York.

iEthelstan must have been taken more or less by surprise.

He craftily opened negotiations with the two Olafs. Butin the interval he and his brother Eadmund hastened the

muster of an army. At length the English troops en-

countered those of the allies at the battle of Brunanburg,

and gained that memorable victory the fame of which lives

in song.

From this time to his death (a.d. 940) the reign of ^thel- Eudmimd.

stan was undisturbed. On his death he was succeeded by his

brother Eadmund, who was then only eighteen years of age.

It was natural that when the firm hand of ^thelstan waswithdrawn Danish England should think once more of revolt.

The Northumbrians chose Olaf Quaran, the son-in-law of

Constantino the Third, and one of the two Olafs who hadfought at Brunanburg t (Vol. L, pp. Ixx., Ixxi.). Wemust remember that the last king of Bernicia had been

driven forth, and there was now no ruler to represent the

nationality of the Northumbrians. It is likely that since

the time (a.d. 870) when Halfdan first ' gedseldo ' (divided)

the Northumbrian laud among his followers, not wholly

dispersing the English, a modus vivendi had been established

* Vol, I. p. Ixx ; dlafs S. Tryggvas. c. 33.

t ' Anlaf of Ireland ' tho Clironiclo (D.) calls him. But this title is far

from distinctive, as almost all tiie Olafs (Aiilafs) who appear in history at this

juncture came from Ireland. Tlie Ciironiek! is extremely coiifiisiiif; at this

point, and the different ]\ISS. (D. E. F.) must he compared with eaeli otlier

and with the corresponding' portions uf tlie hi.>lory of Simoon of Durliam.

Ixiv INTRODTTCTION,

iK'twoon the t^YO races, and that the Engli.sh even were not

nnwillinp; to welcome a Norse king from Ireland in default

of a kiufjj of the old Bornician stock. For we find that the

Archbishop of York, Wulfstan, allied himself with Olaf. The

Danes of the east too—of East Anglia and of East Mercia

—

acknowledged him as king. It was for these republican

' armies ' now a choice between Norse kingship or English,

Olaf marched first on Northampton ; but this place he

failed to take. At Tamworth he was more successful. The

town was stormed with great slaughter on both sides. Ead-

mund upon his part had collected an army ; he marched

therewith to Leicester and nearly succeeded in capturing

both Wulfstan and Olaf; but they escaped during the

, night.* Eventually, through the mediation of the cele-

brated Odo, himself by descent a Dane,t who had been

lately raised to the Archbishopric of Canterbury,^ a peace

between the two armies was brought about. The contest

had lasted for at least a year. The effect of the peace was

to make of Northumbria a legally dependent but practi-

cally separate Norse kingdom. Olaf accepted baptism ; and

Eadmund stood sponsor for him, as Alfred had done for

Guthorm ; or as the Emperor Lewis the Pious had done 116

years earlier for one of the first converted Danes mentioned

in history. § This event took place in a.d. 942. Olaf

Quaran and his cousin Olaf Godfredsson, probably divided

the Northumbrian kingdom between them.|| But Olaf God-

fredsson apparently died in this same year 942 ; and

Eegnald, another son of Godfred, became the second king in

Northumbria.

* A. S. Chron. s. a. 043.

t Vitd S. Oswaldi, Arch. Ebor. (Eaine, Archbishops of York, R. S.), T- 404.

X Stut)hs, Rog. Sac. Angh, p. 14.

§ Einhaid, Annates (Pertz, i. 212); Thegan, Vita Lud. P("/ (Pertz, vol. ii.

697, sq.); Ermoldus Nigellus, Carmina 1. iv. (Ibid. ii. pp. 501-516).

11See Vol. I. pp. Ixx.-lxxi. Ohif Quaran is supposed to have been tlie

brother-in-law of a third Olaf, Olaf Tryggvason, the king of Norway(see preceding page and cf. Corp. Poet. Boreale, ii. 84), and the con-

version of the Irish king may have been the determining cause of the

conversion of his more distinguished brotlior-in-Iaw. If so, this baptism of

Olaf Quaran was an event of capital imiiortaucc in the history of Scandinavia.

INTRODUCTION. IxV

If, however, Eadmund was compelled to behold a Norse

Northumbrian kingdom established upon a more or less

legal footing at one end of his dominions, he gained an

equivalent by adding to the latter the whole of eastern

England. Simeon of Durham, indeed, says that Watling

Street was the boundary between the English and North-

umbrian kingdoms.* But this is certainly a mistake, a

reminiscence, perhaps, of the terms of the -^Elfred-Giithorm

peace. The Chronicle specially mentions that the Five

Burgs were added by Eadmund to his kingdom.f Whatthe exact meaning of this statement is it is not possible

to determine. For on the one hand we find ^thelstan

striking at at least two of these five towns, and possibly at

three; on the other hand, we read of the burning of the

seven ' burgs ' (and these seven certainly included the

earlier five) as much as seventy years later in the reign of

^thelred Il.t

Still, though we cannot define with precision, it does not

seem that we have any authority to reject the general sense

of the statement that Eadmund made, more completely

than his predecessor had done, these Danish republics of

East Mercia and East Anglia an integral part of the terri-

tory of the West Saxon kings. On the other hand there

is no doubt that all Danish England, all the ancient

Danelaga, continued to be governed by Danish law andruled with a certain independence. Before Cnut came anddivided all England up into earldoms, we find earls ruling

in East Anglia and in Northumbria.

The kingdom of Olaf and Eegnald in the north lasted

only two years. In a.d. 944 Eadmund drove out both

these kings. He gave part of their dominions to Malcolm,

king of the Scots ; no doubt with the object of forestall-

ing any such hostile combination against the English as

that which had threatened iEthelstan at J^runanburg. Twoyears after this Eadmund was murdered by Leofa at

Pucklechurch.

* Simeon Dunelru., H. li, ii. p. 94 (RoUa Series).

t A. S. Chron. a. a. 943. J A. i>. Chron. a. a. 1015.

/

Ixvi INTRODUCTION.

Eailrcd. IIc wag Succeeded by Eadrod tlic tliird of tlie sons of Ead-

wcard tlio Elder. In a.d. 047 Eadred received at Tadcaster

(in YorksLiro) an oatli of allegiance from the Nortlmmbrian

Witan with Archbishop Wulfstan at its head. But in a.d. 948

the Northumbrians again revolted. This time they did not

look for support to tlie Irish Norsemen, but elected as their

king Erik Blooox, the son of Harald Harfagr. Erik had

been expelled from the throne of Norway by his half-

brother Hakon, known as iEthelstan's foster-son. Erik,

who had carried with him into exile a large fleet and army,

came to York, and was there received as king. Eadred

marched an army into Northumbria, and as an act of

vengeance, fearfully ravaged the country. Eipon Cathedral

was among the buildings burnt by the English army.

Eventually the Northumbrians made peace with Eadred,

and Erik was driven out. But before long the Northum-brians once more took Olaf Quaran for their king, and then

Erik for a second time.* Eadred died in a.d. 955.

Undoubtedly during the last two reigns we find a certain

recrudescence of the power of the Norse kings in Northum-bria. And in many ways the coins struck by the princes whoreigned alongside of Eadmund and Eadred are evidences of

this. The coins struck by the kings of the House of Ivar

are very different from those struck by the mysterious Cnut(GuSred-Cuut) and Siefred of the Northumbrian kingdomduring Alfred's reign. They are not barbarous fabrica-

tions such as those earlier Danish-Northumbrian coins ; but

are modelled upon the contemporary coins of the "Wessex

kings, iEthelstan, Eadmund, or Eadred, from which in manyinstances they are clearly copied (cf. Yol. i. PL xxviii. 4[Eagnald] xxix. 4 [Olaf Quaran] with Yol. ii. PI. ix. 1, 3,

7-12, 14 [.^thelstan] ; Yol. i. PI. xxix. 5 [Olaf], with

Yol. ii. PL xi. 9 [Eadmund] ; and Yol. i. PL xxix. 8-11

[Olaf and Eric], with Yol. ii. PL x. 5, 6 [yEthelstan] xi. 2-8

[Eadmund], and xii. 2-6 [Eadred]).

Again, how much power Eadmund and Eadred possessed in

Northumbria during the periods in which they were nomin-

* See Vol. i. pp. lx.\i.-ii.

INTRODUCTION. Ixvii

ally kings of that country it wonlJ not be easy to determine.

Against the representations of the historians is to be weighed

the fact that Eadmund struck but one coin with the name of

the York mint and Eadred none. Bat then neither of these

princes affected very much the placing of mint names upontheir coins. ^thelstan's York moneyers are Adclbert,

JE^ehed, Arnulf, Ecbcrht (?) Hcldalt, Eaegenald or Eegnald,

Eotberht and Siuard (Siward) ; and of these eight names,

four, viz., Arnulf, Ecberht (spelled Ecgbriht), Eaegeuald or

Efegcnold, and IJotbert (Eodberht), occur on the coins of Ead-mund without mint names ; two of the names, Arnulf andEaegenald, are, though not rare, sufficiently so to be fairly char-

acteristic, and Eotbert is somewhat rarer. We may assume

therefore that the coins struck by these moneyers, even whenthe pieces bear no mint-name, were struck at York. Arnulf

and Eotbert occur again on the coins of Eadred. We have to

add Eadmund's known York moneyer Ingelgar, who struck

for Eadred also. This might in itself be taken as evidence

of a continuous currency at the city of York. But on the

other Land we have good reason for believing from a com-

parison of different writers that, as is said in Vol. i., Olaf

Quaran reigned at York from a.d. 941-944, and again from

A.D. 949-952, while Erik BloSox probably reigned from

A.D. 948-949, and from a.d. 952-954. These dates are

arrived at after a careful comparison of different authorities;

for the evidence in regard to dates and periods is very

conflicting at this point. It would be difficult to believe

that Olaf with an array of eight moneyers and eighteen

types, or Erik with his five moneyers and eight types, could

have held the kingdom of York for a short period only. Let

us further note that Olaf's and Erik's lists of moneyers have

several names in common (Ascolu-Aculf, Farman, Ingclgiir,

Eadulf). Eadmund has two of these moneyers, Farman andIngelgar (the latter his known York moneyer). Of Erik's

moneyers Hunrcd strikes also for Eadred.

It may be noted, by the way, that the occurrence of

these names, Ingelgar, Farman, and Hunred, on coins of

the Norse and English kings of York alike seems to dis-

pose conclusively of the theory tliat the moneyers were

Ixviii INTRODUCTION,

not local people, but mm who travelled in the service of

the king.

By the expulsion of Erik shortly before the death of

Eadrcd, England gained definite and final possession of the

Northumbrian kingdom, and under Eudwig a considerable

York coinage is once more found.

Put more concisely, the facts with regard to the coinage

at York are :

—

Under ilEthelstan there is a considerable coinage at that

town.

Under Eadmund and Eadred it almost disappears.

It reappears under Eadwig.

Then again

—

Under Eadmund and Eadred we have a considerable

Norse coinage at York.

Under ^Ethelstan and under Eadwig we have practically

none.

If then we are to assume a continued extension of the

power of the English kings during the reigns of the sons of

Eadweard the Elder, we must suppose that during the

reigns of his two younger sons the English rule was

extended especially towards eastern England, among the

Danes of the Five Burgs, of the rest of Eastern Mercia,

and of East Anglia. This is of course more or less in

accord with what the chroniclers tell us, for they represent

the conquest of the Five Burgs as the principal achievement

of Eadmund's reign. Eadred's great achievement was the

subjection of the Northumbrian kingdom, though the efi'ects

of the achievement were felt not in his reign, but in those

of his nephews.

Eadwig. We may consider that England's practical immunity from

Viking troubles dates from the accession of Eadwig, not

from that of Kadgar the Peaceful. This was a sort of anti-

cyclone between two storms, and it lasted for twenty-five or

twenty-six years.

It was of evil augury for the future that England madethis period of calm the occasion for bitter intestine quarrels,

which at one time practically went the length of civil war.

With the ecclesiastical disputes of this period we have

INTRODUCTION. Ixix

nothing directly to do ; as it is impossible to see any way in

which they could have affected the coinage. Their only

interest for us is the degree in which they weakened Englandand prepared the way for the disasters which overtook the

next generation. The first effect of the unpopularity of

Eadwig was the separation of Mercia from Wessex, which

took place in a.d. 957, two years after Eadwig's succession.

We may, I think, assume that Eadgar who now obtained the

rule of Mercia, ruled as under-king to his brother, just as

the former kings of Kent, when they were brothers or sons

of the king of Wessex, ruled as under-kings to the king of

Wessex ; or as .3^thelbald, even though king of Wessex, ruled

as under-king to his father the king of Kent.* We mayassume, for instance, that the five moneyers who struck for

Bedford under Eadwig did not all strike between a.d. 955 and

957. For though three of them were moneyers of Eadred

(Baldwine, Boiga, Grim), the same three also struck under

Eadgar. No doubt the effective rule belonged to the younger

brother ; and to him belongs the credit if, during Eadwig's

reign, the Norsemen made no attempt, even partially suc-

cessful, to wrest Northumbria from the English kings.

Eadwig died in a.d. 959, and then followed the reign of Eadgar.

Eadgar, the fifteen most glorious years in the history of the

kings of the house of Cerdic.

During this reign the English and the Norsemen found

fields for struggle outside the boundaries of the English

kingdom. A disputed succession in the kingdom of North

Wales invited the interference of English and of Norse

troops. Eadgar espoused the side of Howel against his

uncle Jago. The latter was assisted by troops sent byMaccus, the king of Man. Howel was successful ; he paid

allegiance to Eadgar as his over-king ; nay, it seems that

Maccus was himself compelled to do the same. Cumberland

again—a larger country than the modern county—which

had been over-run by Norsemen from Ireland and had long

before been freed by Eadmund and granted as a fief to

* I.e., tliat if he struck coins for Wessex Lc placed liis father's name uponthem.

IXX INTHODUCTION.

Malcolm I. of Scotland (or Alban *), was confirmed to

another IMalcolm hy Eadgar.f These three princes, IIowcl,

Maccus, and Malcolm, were three of the eight nnder-kings

who gave token of their subjection by rowing Eadgar nj)on

the river Dec. The remaining princes were Kenneth, king

of Scotland, Dufnall, king of Strathclydo, Juchill, ' king of

Westmoreland ' (it is difficult to understand a king of West-

moreland by the side of a king of Cumberland and also a

king of Strathclyde), and Siefer-S or Siefred and Jacob

who are also spoken of as kings of Wales. Is it pos-

sible that this Jacob is the same as Jago, and that the

uncle and nephew had found some sort of modus vivendi

in North Wales ? This celebrated row upon the river Dee

—

or say universal homage to Eadgar, as 'basileus totius

BritannisB,' took place in a.d. 973, two years before Eadgar's

death.

Of the coinage of Eadgar we have only to note that in the

excellence of design and execution, in the number of the

pieces struck, and in the number of the moneyers employed

to strike them, it fairly well carries out the impression of

magnificence and prosperity which the chroniclers attribute-

to this reign. We have also to note that there is now a con-

siderable increase in the number of mint-places recorded on

the coins. There exist coins of Eadgar struck at Bath,

Bedford, Cambridge, Canterbury, Chester (?), Chichester,

Derby, Dover, Exeter, Gloucester, Hereford, Hertford (?),

Huntington, Ilchester, Ipswich, Leicester, Lewes, Lincoln,

London, Lymne, Norwich, Oxford, Eochester, Shaftesbury,

Southampton, Stafford, Stamford, Tempsford (?), Thetford,

Totness, Wallingford, Wilton, Winchelsea, Winchester, and

York.

Eadwcuid II. The short reign of Eadweard the Martyr (a.d. 975-979)

intervenes, and then we come to the reign of England's

great disasters, that of -^thelred II. As generally happens

in history, iEthelred's character has borne the chief part of

the blame for the misfortunes which fell upon England

during his long reign, .^thelred's sohriqud of Unready does

* SkouL', Celtic Scotland, i. p. 3G2.

t Malcolm J., sou of Donald, was slain in 954.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxi

not of course, as everybody knows, bear its motlorn significa-

tion, but means the Counselless. Freeman gives it rather a

technical meaning of one who acted without advice of the

Witan. But it is by no means just to lay the chief blame

for all the misfortunes of England upon its ruler. Thetruth is, we see, during the whole of this reign, evidences

of a most extraordinary degeneracy in the English people,

for which it is impossible adequately to account ; we see

treachery on all sides among the nobility, and very fre-

quently cowardice among the people. It may be conjec-

tured that the English really had very much deteriorated

during the foregoing generations. The country was like a

human body which has been overfed on too nourishing or too

stimulating food. It had not yet absorbed the large foreign

element which had settled in the country. It is probable

that the religion of the people had altered very much for

the worse. This is only to be expected when we rememberhow very rapid and superficial had been the conversion of the

Vikings. The efforts of Dunstan and Odo to reform the clergy

were rendered necessary by the scandalous condition into

which church discipline had fallen ; and no doubt the corrup-

tion of the clergy only reflected the corruption of the people.

In trying to understand the history of this new era womust never lose sight of the fact that there were two lines

of cleavage among the inhabitants of England at this

moment : one a distinction of blood, and the other of

religion. The party which represented the secular party of

the previous reigns, the party opposed to Dunstan w'ould be

the people among those of English birth who were, whenthe time came, the least bitterly opposed to the half-heathen

Svend in his claim to the throne of England ; while of

course among the two nationalities who lived side by side in

England at this moment, the descendants of the Vikings in

the East and North, would be far more favourable to Svend

than the English in the South and West.*

* Note in this connection nn expression used in a verso in the A. S.

Clironicle {s. a. 1011) in .speaking of .^Ifheali tlio marfjT

—

Wiub id nuiiling, so iSo lur w;oa iieafod

Aiigelkyunid and Cri«t(.udomes.

Ixxii INTRODUCTION.

Suporficially, as we have already said, the points of like-

ness between the beginning of this second Viking age and

the beginning of the first one, are almost absurdly striking.

It is curious, moreover, that the second age begins almost

exactly two hundred years after the first. We read howthe first age was preceded by a supernatural warning— a rain

of blood which Alcuin saw descending upon the minster at

York, Just before the beginning of the second age, that is

to say on the accession of iEthelred, a bloody cloud was

remarked in the sky. Probably it was only an aurora

borealis; but still it was accepted by the people of the

times as a warning of some coming terror; and the very

next year ravages on the coast began, just like those that

(to read the accounts in the Chronicle) began in England

towards the end of the eighth century.

It is probable again that the first invaders in ^^thelred's

reign came either from Ireland or from the Western Islands,

and we know that that holds true of the first invaders in

Ecgbeorht's time. Down to Eadgar's time there had been

considerable fighting in the outlying parts of Great Britain

between the English troops and the Vikings of the islands,

and the relations between the English and the Norse

islanders were becoming strained. Maccus, the Norse king

of Man, took, as we saw, one side in the quarrel over the

succession in North Wales, and Eadgar took another.

But these and other points of resemblance in the first and

the second era of Scandinavian invasion are chiefly super-

ficial. We have already pointed out how many points of

diff'erence there were between the two classes of invaders

;

this one among the rest, that this second army of Vikings

came in well-armed fleets ready to fight both by sea and land.

In A.D. 980 we read that a naval force ravaged Southampton;

another ravaged Chester, and Thanet also was attacked.

The next year there was another fleet on the south coast

;

Padstow was harried and the fleet likewise attacked Wales.

In A.D. 982 three ships came to Dorchester ; and afterwards

they sailed round to London, which was partially burnt.

There were other attacks in 983 and 986 ; and in 989 Watehet

was ravaged. This year, too, is memorable for the death of

INTRODUCTION. Ixxiii

Dunstan. All these attacks were like the attacks which

opened out the first Viking period, merely plundering

expeditions, and without any great significance; hut the

Northern powers in general were, as we have already said,

in a far hetter organized condition for making great con-

quests than they had been two hundred years before, and it

is quite certain that both Denmark and Norway had their

eyes upon England, which was already half Danish, and

which was much the richest country of any which lay at

all near the great belt of Scandinavian States which wedescribed upon an earlier page.

In A.D. 991 a fleet came to the east coast and attacked

Ipswich ; this fleet, it seems, was under the command of

three leaders, Olaf, Justin, and Guthmund. The Olaf was

the famous Olaf Tryggvason, who four years later was to

make himself king of Norway. There is a long and fabulous

history relating to this Olaf's birth, and to his early bringing

up in Eussia; but we really know nothing definite about

him before his appearance at this moment upon the stage of

history. It is very likely that he came from the WesternVikings, either from Ireland or from the Isles ; his first

wife, we saw, is said to have been a sister of Olaf, king

of Dublin. This year, 991, is memorable not only for the

appearance of Olaf, but for the battle of Maldon, in which

the English ealdorman Brihtnoth strenuously but vainly

endeavoured to resist the invaders, the memory whereof has

been preserved in a fine Anglo-Saxon poem. After this

defeat, the English paid their Hrst bribe (10,000 pounds of

silver) to the Northmen.

In A.D. 902 ^thelred gathered a great fleet at Londonintending to revenge the Maldon defeat and to drive the

invaders from the Eastern Counties. But he was betrayed

by one of his ealdorman, .^Ifric, and the enemy had time

to escape.

In A.D. 993, Bamborough, the Bernician capital, wasstormed ; the army then sailed up the Humbor and plundered

Lindsay in Lincolnshire. This was probably a Danish army,

for now a new Scandinavian foe had appeared in the field

—

the most powerful of all—Svend, king of Denmark.

Ixxiv INTRODUCTION.

Wc liavo said that the trouhlcs of this age are a fjood

deal complicated hy beiug a series of struggles, not merely

between the English and Danes, but between heathens or

half-heathens and Christians, or again between the high

church or monastic party, the party of Dunstan, and

the secular party : all these different interests acted and

counteracted. Svend may be reckoned the nearest ap-

proach to a representative of heathenism. His father,

Harald Blaatand, had been converted by force by the

Emperor Otto I, but he had apparently taken to his new

faith and become a rather zealous Christian ; for he did his

best to make Hakon, earl of Norway, his vassal, follow him

in his change of faith. Hakon resisted, and the result

was that Norway substantially threw off its vassalage to

Denmark and that Hakon became practically an indepen-

dent king. Svend, Harald's sou, who was often in rebellion

against his father, apostatized. He had now again become

nominally Christian, but his friendship with the earls of the

family of Hakon and his subsequent opposition to Olaf

Tryggvason, when he became the reformer of Norway, show

that his interests were rather with the heathen party than

with the Christian. Olaf when he came with Svend to the

English coast was still a heathen, but according to the story

in Olafs Saga after he had plundered in England this

year, he sailed to the Scilly Isles, where he met a very

reverent hermit who converted him by a display of his

prophetic powers. It was due to his change of faith that

in the year 995 Olaf showed himself willing to come to

terms with ^thelred and to receive confirmation at the

hands of the English archbishop.

From this time England had two or three years' peace.

In A.D. 995 an opening arose to Olaf Tryggvason to secure

the crown of Norway. Hakon, the old earl and champion of

heathenism in that country, had made himself odious by his

crimes, and now when Olaf arrived in Norway he found that

Hakon had already been hunted into hiding by his bonders,

and that everybody was ready to receive him as the re-

presentative of Harald's line. From that time to his death

(a.d. 1000), Olaf was fully occupied in spreading Christianity

INTRODUCTION. Ixxv

by force in Norway and Iceland, and in preparing himself

to encounter the growing hostility of his two Scandinavian

neighbour states, Sweden and Denmark, The Western

Vikings seem during part of the same period (a.d. 995-7) to

have been much occupied in Wales ; and Svend was probably

engaged during these years in an invasion of Saxon and

Sclavonic Germany.

Though ^thelred has received the most part of the blamefor the feebleness of the English resistance, it was hard for

him to find any among his thanes or ealdormen who were

to be trusted. A sentence of the Saxon chronicler mustsuffice us to explain the state of affairs, or rather to showthat no satisfactory explanation is possible. Whenever a

force was gathered against the invaders

—

' ponue wearS pser refrc, purh sum ying, fleam astiht.

there was ever through some tiling flight determined on.'*

AVhen the king did take active measures it is difficult

to see what purpose they had, unless they were merelydictated by desire for revenge on those who were mostopen to attack. His idea seems to have been to revenge

himself for the incursions of foreign fleets by the massacre

of the Norsemen or the Danes settled in his own country.

Between a,d, 995 and 1000, England was left almost at

peace. One fleet came in 998 to the Isle of Wight, another

in 999 to Kent. They were bribed to withdraw, .^lithelred

took this occasion for a strange display of energy. Thouf^h

he had failed to meet the fleets that assailed him, he nowset to work to attack the Norsemen settled in or hard byhis territories. We read that in the year 1000 ho ravagedCumberland and attacked the Isle of Man. Cumberland wasat that time very largely inhabited by Norsemen who hadcome over either from Ireland or from the Western Islands,

and it is quite possible that the men of Cumberland hadfurnished some contingents to the invaders of England.But that the foreign fleets, least of all those that liad comefrom Norway and Denmark, could be seriously injured by

* A. S. Chron. s. a. ms.

Ixxvi INTRODUCTION.

ihe harrying of the Norsemen in Cumberland was an ahsurd

notion. One authority states that yKtlielrcd likewise sent a

fleet to attack the dominions of the duke of Normandy.

Acts such as these quite serve to explain the still more

foolish and criminal act of two years later, the celebrated

massacre of Saint Brico. The order given was that on Saint

Bricc's day all the Danish men in England were to be slain.*

It is of course impossible to suppose that ^thelred con-

t(>m|)lated a massacre of all the people of Danish blood

settled in England, many of whom were, as Odo the Arch-

bishop had been, champions, not of Christianity only, but of

the high ecclesiastical party. Others such as Ulfketil, the

earl of East Anglia, were among the most capable defenders

of England against the invaders. But there can be no

doubt that this slaughter of Saint Brice was, as it is always

called, a massacre, and perpetrated upon men who were

settled peaceably in this country and had no reason to

expect attack. They may have been comparatively recent

comers, but they had been allowed to settle themselves and

become subjects of the English king.

The epoch of these two attacks—the attack upon the

Danes in Cumberland, and the massacre of Saint Brice

—

was a very important one in the history of the Scandinavian

nations. The year 1000 was the year of the great coalition

made between the three Northern leaders, Svend, king of

Denmark, Olaf, king of Sweden, and Erik, the son of Hakon,

former earl of Nor way. The coalition was directed against Olaf

Tryggvason. Sigvald, the leader of the Jomsburg Yikings,

a very celebrated little republic of fighting men situated at

the mouth of the Oder, was drawn into the alliance and was

induced to betray Olaf Tryggvason into the hands of his

enemies. The three allied potentates lay in wait for Olaf as

the former was returning from a friendly voyage to the

Slav king who ruled in the country of the Oder, and as he

and Sigvald were sailing in company past the island of

Eiigen. The battle which ensued—the battle of Svold—is

* Het ofslean calliv ya Doiii»can uku jc ou Augclcynno wa-ron.

—

A. S.

Chron. s. a. 1002, B. C. D.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxvii

one of the most celebrated in Scandinavian history. In it

Olaf Tryggvason fell, and his death was followed by the

partition of Norway, the southern part of which went to

Svend, the western part to Earl Erik, while a strip was

taken from the east and incorporated in the kingdom of

Sweden. It was natural that the king of Denmark should

have been a good deal occupied with these events and with

the settlement of his rule in Norway. But when the news of

the massacre of Saint Brice came from England it found the

king of Denmark more powerful than he had ever been, and

fully prepared to undertake in a more thorough fashion than

he had yet done the invasion of England. According to the

Northern Sagas he had always intended not merely to ravage

the country, but to make himself master of it, and to drive

iEthelred from the throne. He is said to have taken an

oath to do this at his succession over the Bragi cup ; but

now for the first time he saw himself in a position to put

his purpose in execution, while the Massacre of Saint Brice

had given him a sufficient pretext for so doing.

In the year of the massacre, it should be noticed,

iEthelred had married Emma (iElfgifu, the English called

her, after ^thelred's first wife), the sister of Eichard the

Fearless, duke of Normandy ; by this act a new influence

was imported into English politics. We shall have here-

after to notice the gradual spread in England of the Normaninfluence, which was, as we shall see, the counterpoise to the

spread in this country of Danish influence, or of Scandinavian

influence generally. It is curious that in the first year of

definite Scandinavian invasion we find these two influences

brought into connection in the betrayal of Exeter to Svend's

army by a certain Count Hugo, a Norseman, who had been,

through the influence of Emma, made the governor of that city.

It was in a.d. 1003 that Svend returned to England to

avenge the slaughter of his countrymen. He began with the

siege of Exeter, which was betrayed to him by the above-

mentioned Count Hugo. In a.d. 1004 Svend turned his fleet

against the eastern counties, burning Norwich and Thet-

ford. This was the country under the rule of an earl or

ealdorman of Danish descent, Ulfketil or Ulfkcl Snilling,

Ixxviii INTRODUCTION.

as lie is called in the Northern Sagas,* who was son-in-

law of iEthelrcd. Ulfkctil was one of the most capable

and devoted defenders of the English against the Danes

;

and this year he succeeded in heating back the enemy from

East Anglia. In a.d. lOOG a very severe attack was made.

The fleet came first to Sandwich. They then settled them-

selves in Wight and harried everywhere in Hampshire and

Berkshire. Eventually 36,000 pounds of silver had to be

paid to them. If Svend was willing to retire with these

bribes, his intention of conquering England for himself

could not have been very fixed.

iEthelred once more and for the last time made deter-

mined efforts to collect forces to repel the invaders. Alaw promulgated in a.d. 1008 levied a universal land-tax:

for the support of a fleet. The law is the forerunner of

certain taxes instituted by Cnut and Harthacnut for the

support of a standing fleet and army which constitute the

real danegeld known to English law, a tax which takes an

important place in the compilation of ' Domesday.' At the

time of the levy of Charles I.'s ship-money these laws were

quoted as a precedent. We must take these laws into

account as among the concurrent causes of the large coinage

of ^thelred's and Cnut's reigns, along with the heavy pay-

ments made to the invaders—the danegelds of our history

books. We have already said more than once that taxes

and tributes more than internal commerce are the origin

of large issues of coins at the period about which we write.

All the efi'orts of the English king were rendered abortive

by the mutual jealousies and the acts of treachery of the

thanes and ealdormen who surrounded him. Fresh Danish

attacks followed in the years 1009 and 1010 ; and in the

latter year iEthelred paid a fine of 18,000 pounds of silver,

the heaviest ransom that had yet been exacted.

The year 1012 saw the martyrdom by the Danes of

* 6lafs Saga kins Hdga, cc. 13 & 23 (linger, neim^liriugla). In the

earlier passage Ohif the Saint is said to liave taken the English side in a

battle fought by the Danes and English on Ilringinara-hoath (Hring-

niiirnheiiSi) in I'lfkel SniUing's hmd. In chapter 23 we are told that Ulfkel

was killed by Erik, carl of Norway. See p. Ixxx.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxix

ArcliLisliop ^Iflicah (Elpliegns), wliich was the typical

martyrdom of this second invasion as that of Eadmund was

of the first. The two ' passions ' were much the same in

origin and circumstance; each victim sacrificed himself to

save his people or his flock from further sufferings at the

hands of the conquerors.

Finally, in a.d. 1013, Svend sailed for England with the

largest fleet which had yet been seen upon our coasts—and

now the definite and decisive conquest of England was

undertaken. The Danish king received the submission of

all England north of "Watling Street, and a little later on

of all England except London. From London king iEthclrcd

sent his wife, Emma, and her two children, Alfred and

Eadweard, to Normandy to place them under the protection

of Emma's brother, Duke Eichard the Fearless. In

January of the year following (1014) .^thelred himself

followed, abandoning his crown to the Dane.

But Svend himself died the next month. It was said that

he desecrated the shrine of St. Eadmund, the martyr of the

first Viking invasion, in whose honour so many coins were

struck ; and that the dead saint from his tomb struck kins:

Svend with a mortal illness to which he almost imme-diately succumbed.

Then ^Ethelred was recalled by the English party, by the

Witan and by the Londoners. He was brought back fromNormandy by a Norse fleet belonging to Olaf Haraldsson,

or Olaf the Saint, who had already borne arms against

Svend ; and this fact is interesting, for it is the beginning

^f the long enmity between Olaf and Cnut. On the other

side, Svend's son Cnut the Great (Canute) was proclaimed

king by the Danish fleet and army. But as a new kingthere were necessarily difiiculties in his way. There wasa pretender in Norway as well as in England. For a timetherefore iEthclrcd seemed to carry all before him. Hewas supported by a stronger personality than his own—that

of his heroic son, Eadmund Ironside. Cnut returned to

England in a.d. 1015. He came in an immense fleet, part

of which was furnished by his brother-in-law, Olaf, king of

Sweden, known in history as Olaf Skotkonuug. Tliis Olaf

Ixxx INTRODUCTION.

had boon one of tlic three powers allir'd against Olaf

Tryggvason at tlic battle of Rvold ; another of the allies,

Erik, the Norwegian earl— celebrated already as a victor

in two of the most famous engagements of the Scandinavian

world—joined Cnut with his contingent. 'He,' says the

Olafs Saga hins ITdga, * was present at the taking of the

castle of London, where he slew Ulfkel Snilling '—Ulfketil

the East Anglian earl, iEthelred's most doughty champion.

Eadmund London was not in fact taken during the lifetime ofIronside.

iEthelred, but he himself scarcely ventured outside of its forti-

fications, and there he died in a.d. 1016. His son, Eadmund,well called Ironside, was universally chosen as .^thelred's

successor by the English party. He did all that it was

possible for a man to do to vindicate his rights. Hefought against the Dane with doubtful results at Pen Sel-

wood by Gillingham, at Shoiston, and he relieved London

which the Danish fleet was investing. But at last he

suffered a severe defeat at Assandune (Essiugton), a defeat

brought about by the desertion of one of his thanes, Eadric

Striona, who had acted in a similarly treacherous manner on

several occasions.

Cnut, says the Chronicle, there won him aU the English

people (_pser ahte Cnut sige & gefeht him ealle Engla )?eoda).

Still the Danish king thought it wiser to come to a com-

promise with Eadmund, and at the treaty of Olney, England

was divided in much the same way that it had been divided

by iElfred after the peace of Wedmore in a.d. 878. Cnut

took the whole of the country north of Watling Street and

the Lea. Later on in the same year Eadmund was mur-

dered — according to the Norse writers by the afore-

mentioned Eadric Striona [' Henry ' Strionaj.* And Cnut

the king took all the English empire.f Eadmund Ironside

struck no coins and can hardly be reckoned to have really

reigned in England.

Coinage of In reviewing the coinage of ^Ethelred II., it must be.ffithelred II. owned that in appearance it does not by any means tally

' Heinrekr Strjona,' Olafs S. hins Helga, c. 24.

t A. S. Chron. (A) s. n. 1017, Her on pissimi gcarc feng Cnut cjuing to

callon Angeleynncs rycc.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxxi

with the picture of terror and suffering which the chroniclers

draw for us during this reign. It has already been said

that a large currency is not at this historical period anevidence of commercial prosperity to the degree that it is

with us at the present moment. For coins were used muchmore for the payment of dues, taxes, or tributes than for the

ordinary purpose of currency. It is evident that a large—nay

the larger—number of coins coined by ^thelred II, were

used for the payment of ransom to the invaders. For at

this day larger hoards of his coins have been found in the

Scandinavian countries than in our own ; and, as we have

said above, the National Museum at Stockholm is richer in

this series than our own National Collection.* But at the

same time it is hardly possible that such an immensenumber of coins could have been made unless there was a

good deal of wealth in the country ; and a good manythings lead us to believe that in spite of the disorders in

which England was plunged during all this reign, the

wealth of the country was increasing. Professor Thorold

Rogers has noted that the same thing took place during

the Wars of the Roses.f It is not only that ^thelred's

coins far exceed in number those of any previous reign

;

that might be an accident of discovery ; but that there were

in this reign more minting places than there ever were

before, and a much greater number of people employed in

striking coins.

At any rate there can hardly be a doubt that the wealth

of England had grown enormously during the century which

followed the death of il^]lfrcd, and still more rapidly during

the years subsequent to the accession of Eadgar. Thewealth of England made a great impression upon the

Scandinavian states of the north.| And the effect of the

English wealth and the English currencies was more felt

during zEthelrcd's reign than any other.

It is for this reason that in the history of the Numismatics

* Compare the catalogue by B. E. Hihkbrand, A)iglo-Sach8i8ha Mynt i

Svenslm k. Mijntlitth.

t History of I'rief)', Introduction to Vol. iv.

X 6l(i}'« S. kins lleh/a, c. 139 (HcimsJixipijla}-

9

Ixxxii INTRODUCTION.

of Nortlieni Europe, yl^^thelrcd's reign is the most im-

portant of all during the period over which our inquiry

extends. Owing to the fact of his heavy payments to the

Norse and Danish invaders, iEtlielred's coinage became

known over the whole Scandinavian world, and evidently

constituted a regular currency among the Norsemen in

Ireland; to a somewhat less extent among the Norsemen of

the Scottish islands and of Man ; to a greater extent again

in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. And as in the early years

of the eleventh century, the kings of these three last

countries began to bethink them of issuing coinages of their

own, they one and all modelled them upon the types of

^Ethelred's coins. Or, to speak with greater accuracy,

in almost every instance they modelled their first issues

upon one of two types of iEthelred. These types are our

nos. iii. and iv. The earliest Scandinavian coins struck in

Denmark, Sweden, and Norway respectively were issued by

Svend, by Olaf Skdtkonung, and by Earl Hakon Eriksson.*

It is curious that in this way we find the coinage of

^thelred II. symbolizing, after a certain fashion, the wide

empire which was enjoyed by his successor on the English

throne, Cnut the Great. And this fact, the fact of the

contrast presented by the wide spread of iEthelred's coins

among the Northern people, with the strict limitation

of his power of which these very peoj^le were the instru-

ments, should be a warning to us as to what conclusions we

draw from the study of coins.

The only new types of importance introduced in this

reign are those with the Agnus Dei and the Dove.

Cnut. The accession of Cnut forms a supreme moment in our

history. We have more than once spoken of the Greater

Scandinavia in Europe, that vast chain of Scandinavian

states which stretched across the north from Eussia to

Iceland. England, which was now half Scandinavian in

blood, stood almost within that huge arc. And if, out of

this congeries of separate states, anything of the nature of a

Scandinavian empire were to be created, it was before all

things desirable that England should be drawn into it.

* Cf. Num. Ckron. 3rd Series. Vol. vii. p. '233.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxxiii

The creation of such an empire Cnut effected. But as

soon as he had completed the conquest of EngLand he became

an English king much more than a Danish. England became

in reality the central state and the seat of government of

Cnut's empire, which included this country, Denmark and

Norway. The kings in Scotland, not the lowland king of

Scots only, but two highland kings, likewise acknowledged

his supremacy. That he had any power in Ireland seems

doubtful. Coins with the name of Cnut were indeed struck

in Dublin ; but so also were coins with the name of ^thelred.

The latter certainly could not have been struck by ^thelred

himself: they were only imitative coins, the predecessors

of a regular Dano-Irish coinage. In the same way we have

no reason to assume that Cnut's coins with Dublin mint-

marks prove that he had any actual rule in Ireland. Still

his power was so great that but for one fatal flaw in the

Scandinavian system of government, there seems no reason

why his empire should not have been extended over the

whole Scandinavian world, with the exception possibly of the

Swedish states, i.e. Sweden proper and Scandinavian Eussia,

or Greater Sweden as it was called. For Cnut, as ruler of

Norway, possessed Iceland and the lesser colony of the

Faroes which were dependencies of Norway.

Cnut began his reign in this country harshly by putting

to death several of the chief men in England who hadpreviously opposed him or whose power he feared. Amongthose who were executed was Eadric Striona who, as the

Chronicle says, suffered deservedly enough.* Cnut likewise

levied an enormous tax of 72,000 pounds of silver for

England at large, and 15,000 pounds for London alone; an

incidental proof of the high position in the country which

the chief city of England had attained, of whicli there are

many other proofs in the history of this time, and to

which again the large London coinages of ^thtdred and

Cnut bear witness.

Taxes of this kind were no doubt licavily felt by the

* A. S. Chron. s. a. 1017. The chronicler however only attributes basetroaclicry to Ejidric. iml Die nuirdcr of Eailiniinil.

./ 2

Ixxxiv INTRODUCTION.

English; but they were necessary to the imperial aspirationw

which Cuut cherished. He introduced the traditions of

the Vikings and of the Scandinavian nations into English

politics by constituting for the first time a standing army

and a standing fleet. Neither was very large. The Stand-

ing J'leet consisted actually of forty vessels ; the standing

army was the crew which manned it.* At other times they

formed a body-guard round the king. These men who were

the far-off descendants of the Comitatus of the Prince in the

days of Tacitus's Germani t—went by the name of huscarls.

The designation was well understood in the north. Nodoubt most of the members of this small standing army

were Scandinavians, and they would serve the secondary

purpose of guarding the king against plots or violence on

the English side. We read of one of the most famous

Earls of Orkney, that he had been commander of Cnut'a

huscarls.

In A.D. 1017-18 there was a meeting of the Witenagemofc

held at Oxford, which may be taken to mark the cessation

of the severities consequent upon the conquest. At this

assembly it was decreed that the laws of Eadgar should

be observed : we may understand by this expression the

laws which were in force during Eadgar's reign. Both

Danes and English united in this decree, which foreshadowed

the principles upon which Cnut intended to govern his newly-

acquired kingdom. The reign of Cnut was as regards

* Saxo, p. 524 (Miiller) says that Cnut's standing army was 6000 strong

(GO ships, 100 armed men on each). If tlie fleet was of 40 vessels, 4000

would be the number of troops.

t Mr. AVilliam Hunt says (Die. Nat. Biog. s.v. Canute) 'the hu.<irarh have

been frequently compared with the comitatus. Their strictly stipendiary

character, however, seems to make the comparison invalid.' But it must be

remembered that in days before a regular currency existed, the comitatus

could hardly have a strictly stipendiary character ; and so far as concerns the

Scandinavian and English people we may believe that the companions of

the king did in very early days receive payment in the precious metals,

i.e. in the armlets or necklets which constituted a sort of currency. Tlie

words hringhrjdtr, ImUjgifa, kc which are less epithets than synonyms for

prince, mean, it would seem, essentially the giver of rings (money) to the

household soldiers (coinites, thegns, or what not) ; in other words, the enter-

tainer of a large standing force

—

ctti plnrimi comites, as Tacitus says, G. c. 13.

INTRODUCTION. IXXXV

Britain almost a repetition of the reign of Eadgar. His

conduct showed that he did not hold the throne as a con-

queror, but as the lawfully elected king of the whole people.

It is a marked contrast to the policy adopted by William of

Normandy half a century later. The majority of Cnut's

troops were sent back to Denmark ; and he only reserved

forty ships, the crews of which constituted, as has been said,

his famous army of huscarls.

The terms of this agreement of Oxford were to a certain

extent embodied in a series of statutes identical with or

similar to those which bear the name of Cnut in the collec-

tion of Anglo-Saxon laws. We may assume that the coins

with the legend 'Pax' (PACX) have some reference to the

agreement at Oxford, or to the promulgation of Cnut's

laws, and to the theory that the peace of Eadgar had been

re-established.

We remember that the peace of Ead gar's time was byhis descendants first broken through ecclesiastical disputes.

In Church matters Cnut was a complete contrast to his

father. It is quite possible that the story of St. Eadmund'smiraculous vengeance is a contemporary legend. At anyrate we find Cnut richly endowing the shrine which his

father had desecrated. And on every side the Danish king

was a liberal endower of churches and monasteries, not in

this country and in his native Denmark only, but even on

the Continent. No course could have been wiser from a mere

worldly point of view ; though we have no reason to suppose

that Cnut was actuated chiefly by worldly motives. Thefounders of the second German Imperial house—or say the

first truly German Imperial house—the Brunos and Liudolfs,

dukes of Saxony, from whom were sprung Henry the Fowler

and the emperors of his line, had been famous for their

liberality to the Church. If Cnut desired that his power

and wealth should be recognized by the continental princes,

and that he should take his due place among the European

powers, he could find no better way of bringing himself to

their notice than by allying himself as he did by marriage

with the German Imperial family, by endowing abbeys in

France, and by making a pilgrimage to Rome.

IxXXVi INTUODTICTION.

With regard to bis own government Cnut adopted a system

not unlike that adopted hy the emperors in Germany. Hedivided all his domains into great earldoms. Wessex waa

one earldom ; it was governed by the celebrated Godwine.

Mercia was another ; its first earl was Eadric Striona, who,

we saw, soon met the reward of all his treachery, being put

to death at Christmas, a.d. 1017. East Anglia—under

Thurkill, a Norseman who had at one time been a comrade

of Olaf (the Saint) of Norway—formed a third ; Northumbria

—under Erik Hakonsson of the House of Hlade, the king's

brother-in-law—formed a fourth ; Norway, when Olaf had

been driven from the throne, was entrusted at first to Hakon

the son of Erik, whose house had given so many rulers to the

country ; but afterwards it was made into a kingdom, and

Cnut's son Svend was made king of it. Denmark, when

Cnut succeeded to that country, was ruled by Earl Ulf, the

brother-in-law of Cnut, and likewise, through his sister

Gyda, the brother-in-law of our Earl Godwine. Later on

Ulf entered into a sort of conspiracy to make Harthacnut,

Cnut's son, king of Denmark; and though Cnut seems to

have consented to leave his son in possession of regal powers,

his share in this conspiracy cost Earl Ulf his life.

Never therefore, during her history, were the prospects of

England brighter than they were during this reign. Though

England had been conquered by the Dane she was really

the centre of his Danish empire ; and if that empire could

have been extended to include all the Scandinavian countries,

she would still have remained so. The superior wealth of

the country, the greater antiquity of its habitation, and the

density of its population, its position in the centre of the

great arc—say rather great cvsjJ—of which we have often

spoken, its proximity to the Continent, all tended to secure

it a foremost position. But what more than anything else

ruined these hopes, as they almost always ruined the hopes

of extended Scandinavian rule, were the customs of inheri-

tance which obtained among the northern nations. That

which proved fatal to Danish power in this country,

was the same cause which weakened the edifice of power

which Harald Harfagr erected in Norway, the custom

INTRODUCTION. IxXXVii

of inheritance which divided the estate equally among the

sons of the deceased. Thus one of Cnut's children succeeded

in England, another in Denmark, and a third in Norway.

The result was not in strict accordance with the inten- Harold I.

tions of Cnut. Harthacnut was the son of his wife of

highest rank, in fact, his only legitimate son. Besides

this, it had been agreed between Emma and Cnut on their

marriage, that if she had any son he was to follow his father

in England ; and Harthacnut was the son of Cnut and Emma.Cnut had two sons by his first wife or mistress -^Ifgifu,*

Svend (Sveinn) and Harold ; Svend he always designed to

succeed to the kingdom of Norway, and Harthacnut during

his lifetime became, as we saw, king of Denmark;probably

he was intended to reign both as king of Denmark and

king of England, so as to keep intact the greater portion

of Cnut's empire. It does not seem that any place was

assigned to Harold.

From what we know of the two brothers, Harold appears

to have had the stronger character; they were equally

unscrupulous. Harold found a party of Danes ready to

support his claim to the throne on the death of his father,

and, as Harthacnut was absent from the country, all the

advantage was on his side. He was however opposed by

Earl Godwine and the more English part of the population.

If Harthacnut had at once come from Denmark to assert his

claim, a civil war might have arisen ; but as he still stayed

away his party became reconciled to Harold.

Harold's principal and most disgraceful act was the

measure he took to get rid of one of his rivals, one of the

children of Emma and iEthelred II. ^Elfred, the iEtheling,

was enticed over to England and murdered, many people

said by the connivance of Godwine. In the scries of

events which followed Cnut's death, we sec the fatal process of

decay which seems among the Scandinavians always to follow

a prosperous reign and a period of extended empire. How-ever great they were in other things, these people seem to

* Called Alfifa in the loclaudic Sagaa, cf. Olafg saga hins Uelga, c. 252

(Hcimskringla).

IxXXviii INTRODUCTION.

have lacked some political instinct, tlie want of whict pro-

ventodtlicmfrora takinf:^ tlieir proper place in history. Harold

and liis brother were inferior to tlicir father in character, and

Harold was mnch lesi? popniar in England than Cnut, so that

the eyes of the English turned towards Eadweard (Edward

the Confessor) the son of iT^thclred, It was just the same in

Norway, where the third brother Svend was imable to retain

his hold on the kingdom. Soon after Cnut's death the chief

Norse lendermen and the people generally reverted to their

loyalty to the old line, and sent to Eussia to recall the son

of Olaf, Magnus the Good. Svend made but feeble resistance.

In the course of a few years we find the tables turned

between Norway and Denmark. While Harold was reigning

in England, Harthacnut's power had very much decreased

in his own kingdom, and Magnus succeeded in recovering a

great part of the territory which had been taken from

Norway and attached to Denmark. He might have carried

his conquests farther, but an agreement was come to between

Magnus and Harthacnut, whereby it was decided that the

survivor of the two kings should be the inheritor of both.

Harthacnut's two years' reign (a.d. 1040-1042) as king of

England presents but few events which bear directly on his

coinage. The most important was the levy of an extortionate

danegeld to provide pay for the crews who manned the ships

which accompanied the king from Denmark. The levying

of this tax led to serious riots throughout the country, but

more especially at Worcester, where a general massacre of

the huscarls took place. The city paid heavily for this act

of rebellion. The king came in person with his army of

Danes, put the inhabitants to the sword, burnt their city,

and ravaged the neighbouring country.

By such acts the Danish princes became more and more

hateful to this country; and England, as Norway a few

years previously, was anxious to revert to her old line

of kin^s. After Harthacnut's death a new claimant to the

throne of Denmark, of much greater abilities than the last

king, appeared in the person of Svend Estrid's son, a son of

Earl Ulf and a nephew of Cnut by his sister Estrid, or

AstriS.

INTRODUCTION. Ixxxix

The coinage of the period of Danish rnle from Cnut to Coinage of

Harthacnut shows in its general appearance a continuity ^^j^^^"^

with that of the previous reign. In especial the likeness of

the two series in the formation of the inscriptions and in

the reverse types is to be noticed. For in these respects

the coinage of iEthelred is distinguished somewhat—not

perhaps from that of his brother Eadweard—but certainly

from the coinage of Eadgar his father. The double cross

on the reverse first becomes common under ^thelred II.

(Cf, PI. XV. 1, 3-5, 7, 10, 11 ; PI. xvi. 2, 7, 11, 12). This type

has a certain fiscal significance ; for the double cross was

made to facilitate the cutting up of the coin into halfpence

and farthings. This type of reverse becomes still more

usual under Cnut and his immediate successors (cf. PL xvii.-

xxi. passim). It was not afterwards abandoned ; and, as

we should see if we continued our inquiries into the later

English coinage, it long survived the Norman Conquest.

The whole appearance of the coinage of ^Ethelred II.,

as compared with that of the previous reign signifies an

increase in fiscality, that is to say, in the use of a circulating

medium, consistent with what was said above of the possibly

increased wealth and trade of the country, even during the

severest days of Danish invasion. Unquestionably the

whole history of our Anglo-Saxon coinage points to the

fact that if our Northern conquerors were great despoilers,

they were likewise great founders of trade and commerce.

In all these features the coinage of the kings of the Danish

line is but a continuation of that of /Ethelred II.

But in minuter points there are some changes. Especially

we must note the introduction by Cnut of two varieties of

obverse type : (1) the head wearing a pointed helmet, and

(2) the head wearing a crown. The representation of the

pointed helmet is interesting. It is the same helmet which

we frequently see upon the Bayeux Tapestry. But historically

this type has no special significance. With the crowned

head it is difi'erent. It may have been a purely original

device. But it may with equal likelihood have been copied

from a similar type to be found on the coinage of the

XC INTRODUCTION.

Emperors in Gormany about the Rame period.* It is to bo

noted that on the Continent a wider and wider divergence

in typo and general character between the coinage of France

and Germany was at this time declaring itself. Though

both series were descended from the earlier Carlovingian

denarii, the types of different varieties of this coinage

were becoming appropriated to the two divisions of northern

Europe, the German-speaking and French-speaking terri-

tories. We have seen (long before) one type of Carling

coinage—the monogram type—suggesting a type to

Ecgbeorht. Another Carling type, the temple, suggested

a rare type of ^thelwulf, and perhaps was afterwards

copied by some king in East Anglia. But before the period

at which we have now arrived the direct influence of the

Carling coinage is quite lost sight of in the English

currency. Not so, however, its indirect influence through

that of Germany. If we accept the theory that the crowned

bust of Cnut was copied from the crowned bust on some

coins of the German emperors, this would be the strongest

example of the influence of the German coinage on that of

England.

This is in such complete accord with the political history

of England at this moment that there does not seem to be

any valid reason for doubting that Cnut, who framed his

Scandinavian empire so much upon the pattern of the empire

of the German emperors, who had his earls of Norway, of

Denmark, of Northumbria, of Mercia, of East Anglia, and

of Wesses, as the German emperors had their dukes of

Saxony, of Lotharingia, of Franconia, of Swabia, and so

forth, deliberately adopted the crowned bust upon his coins

in imitation of the crowned bust of the German emperors.

Under Cnut the number of mints does not diminish ; and

most of those cities and burgs which exercised the right

of mintage under ^Ethelred continue to do so in this reign.

Of the new mints which appear we shall speak under a

* Cf. Danncnhcrg, Deutsche Miinzen der sdclis. u. frank. Kaiserzeit, PI. 15,

3il. [Otto III., 983-1002].

INTRODUCTION. XCl

special heading.* We have referred above to the coins of

Cnut which bear the mint name of Dublin.

The exact chronological arrangement of the types of

Cniit is rendered not difficult by paying a due regard (1) to

the types of the preceding and succeeding reigns, and (2) to

what may be called transition types, those which combine a

new obverse with an old reverse, or vice versa. Types i.-iii.

correspond closely with those which occur on the coins of

iEthelred. It may therefore be concluded that these com-

prise the first issues of Cnut. They could not however have

been struck before the death of Eadmund Ironside and Cnut's

accession to the western portion of the kingdom. For the

mints at which coins of these types were struck are Bath,

London, Norwich, Oxford, Shrewsbury, and York. Coins of

these types must have been issued in very small numbers, as

they are all rare. The National Collection only possesses

one specimen of type i. ; and that so indistinct as to makethe mint place illegible. Of types ii.-vii. it possesses no

specimens. Types viii.-x. were evidently coined in large

numbers, as numerous specimens of all are known. Of these

types nos. v.-x. are all closely allied, and contain the two

forms of the royal bust spoken of above, the king wearing a

pointed helmet or a crown. While the idea of the crowned

bust was, as has been said, probably suggested by the

coinage of the emperors, the crown itself is no doubt

the exact form of one worn by the king. We find himwearing a similar crown with three fleurs-de-lis in a

contemporary MS. in the British Museum. This manu-script records the dedication of the abbey of Hyde, near

Winchester, and there Cnut is represented presenting a

golden cross to the abbey.f Types xi.-xvi. were probably

issued during the second half of the reign, and they are

nearly as common as those which immediately precede

them ; whilst types xvi.-xx., which occur also on coins of

Harold I. and Harthacnut, are found in very small numbers,

and may reasonably be assigned to quite the end of the

reign. We have referred above to the inscription PACX

Sec below p. fviii. S'/'/. t I^- M. Stowi-, 'JGO.

XCll INTRODUCTION.

which occurs on the coins of Cnut. Type xvi., on which

the king is shown hokling the Danebrog or Danish national

standard, is perhaps the most interesting of all the types

of Cnut. A similar representation is that which occurs

on Northumbrian coins of Sihtric and Anlaf [Olaf]. (See

Vol. I., PI. xxviii. 3 and 5, and PI. xxix. 1.)

The types of Harold I. follow in the like order. Nos.

i.-iv. are but repetitions of the later types of Cnut ; and

nos. V. and vi. we find again occurring during the reign of

Harthacnut. It is a curious fact that of all the types of this

last king published by Hildebrand, only nos. i, and ii. are

represented in the National Collection, and the dearth

of his coins of other types is general. They have never

been found in this country. That they are English weneed not question, as they bear on them the mint names of

London, Norwich, and York. The general scarceness of the

coins of Harthacnut is of course primarily due to the short-

ness of his reign ; but the fact that his coins are more

common in the Scandinavian countries than here, shows

that the English treasury was drained to support the armyand fleet which Harthacnut had to maintain in Denmarkagainst the ambitious designs of Magnus the Good.

Edward the When Harthacnut died, a portion of the English, or rather

Confessor. of the Danish population of England, desired to keep the

Dano-English empire still united by ofiering the crown to

Svend Estrid's son. But it may be doubted if Svend was at

that time strong enough to accept it. Magnus of Norwayhad laid claim to the succession in Denmark, guaranteed

by his treaty with Harthacnut, and for some time he

continued to assert his claims. Meanwhile the more English

party, headed by Earl Godwiue, decided to offer the crown

to Edward, iEthelred's son, then an exile at the court of

the Norman duke. Earl Godwine acts in these negotiations

the part of General Monk at the Restoration of Charles II.

After Edward's restoration the carl of Wessex retained a

position of much greater power than Monk was ever able

to attain. The history of England from this time forward

is almost more the history of the house of Godwine than of

the house of Cerdie.

INTRODUCTION. XCUl

But at the same time a new element was beginning to

enter into Englisli history, namely the introduction of Normaninfluence; as Freeman says, the Norman Conquest really

began in the reign of Edward the Confessor. The reign

of Edward the Confessor is of great importance in the

history of England on this account alone. But it is a

curious fact that no trace of the Norman influence is to

be detected in the coinage of this reign. The coinage of

Normandy, under the contemporaries of Edward—Robert

or William—is undistinguishable in its general character

from the other French coinages, royal or feudal. The

coinage of Edward the Confessor, on the other hand,

is continuous with that of the previous reign ; and where

it does show originality in types these changes are

certainly not due to the influence of any French coinage.

What is stranger still—though this matter lies outside

the subject of the present volume—the Norman coinage

in this country has no sharp line of demarcation from the

Anglo-Saxon coinage, and it owes nothing whatever to the

coinage of the dukes of Normandy. It is probable that

for a while William himself continued to strike two dis-

tinct classes of coins— for his English subjects and for

his Normans in Normandy. After that the coinage of

Normandy ceases for a century and more.

It is not necessary therefore to trace at great length the

growth of the Norman influence in England before the

Conquest. We know that during the earlier years of

Edwaid the Confessor's reign there took place a con-

tinuous influx of Normans into this country, and that the

new comers gradually absorbed more and more the offices

of State. Up to the year 1051 the history of this

country is the history of the decline of the power of

Godwine and of his house and the rise of the power of the

Normans with Eobert of Jumieges, who in a.d. 1050 became

Archbishop of Canterbury, at their head. In a.d. 1051 took

place the banishment of Godwine. This was followed, how-

ever, in the next year by a counter-revolution ; and English

influence was once more supreme. This state of things

continued not only till the death of Godwine in a.d, 1053,

xciv inthodhction.

but, under his licir HaroM, during all tlio rcmuindor of tlio

reign of Edward, which was indeed as much the reign of

Harold as the reign of Edward the Confessor.

Harold II. Harold II. 's reign, which sees the end of this reaction

towards the Scandinavian side of English politics, is

marked by the same tokens of weakness which sooner or

later manifest themselves in the government of other

Scandinavian countries. The different earls whom Cnutbad appointed to govern under him in England,—the

earls of Wessex, of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria,•—had during the weaker reigns of Cnut's sons once more

split England into a series of smaller States, and the

triumph of the Dano-English party meant the revival of

the power of these earls. Wherefore as soon as Harold

bad overcome the rivalry of the xsormans he had still to

encounter the rivalry of the other earls in England, some

of whom were members of his own family.

Let us note how the same sort of thing had been going on

in other Scandinavian countries, how that Magnus, who had

once all but succeeded in extending his empire over Denmark,

had since found a rival in his uncle, St. Olafs half brother,

Harold Sigurdsson or Harald Hardrada (HarSra^r). "When

Harald returned from his long residence in the Greek empire,

he claimed half the kingdom of Norway. Magnus divided his

kingdom with Harald, and they reigned together on com-paratively good terms till Magnus' death in a.d. 1048, whenHarald Hardrada became sole king of Norway. TheEnglish Harold did not settle matters so amicably with

his kinsmen. The most serious of all the disputes and

rivalries which had arisen among Edward's earls wasthat between Tostig, our Harold's brother, and the earls of

Northumbria and Mercia, Morkere and Eadwine. Harold,

we know, eventually sided with these earls against his

brother, and Tostig was banished.*

There were two external forces threatening Enirland.

Magnus had once extended his claim as heir of Hartha-

cnut, not only to Denmark but to England. So far as

A. S. Chron. s. a. 1054-5. Wil. Malm. G.Ii.A. § 200. (E. H. S.)

INTRODUCTION. XCV

England was concerned he had gone no farther than to

make some naval preparations and to send an embassy

to Edward the Confessor to assert his rights.* Harald

Hardrada, who was more adventurous than Magnus, and

had probably a larger army of mercenary troops at his

command, entertained, from the moment of his accession,

the thought of asserting in a more active manner his

claims to the throne of England. This was one danger

by which the power of Harold Godwineson was threatened.

On the other side of this country lay the territory of William,

duke of Normandy, who, claiming to be the heir designate

of Edward the Confessor, and the favoured of the Pope,

was a more serious rival than Hardrada, and had stronger

claims than his. When Tostig was driven from this

country, he had thus a choice between these two powers,

both of which were threatening England. He turned first

to William of Normandy and obtained a fleet from him,

with which he harried the south coast of England, but

was eventually driven off. Then he turned, with far

more memorable results, to the other claimant, Harald

Hardrada. t

It is extraordinary to see how in this brief space the

position of England in northern Europe had been entirely

changed. Under Cnut, as has been pointed out, though she

was a conquered country, England was in reality the

greatest of all Scandinavian states, and stood in a position

to become the seat of empire over them all ; now that

she had been shaken, as it were, from her moorings, andthe other Scandinavian countries had drifted into separate

policies of their own, she lay a prey for two rival

claimants, the duke of Normandy in the south, the king

of Norway in the north. The results of the prosecution of

these two claims is well known. The fact that Englandwas ruled at this time by one of her most capable

sovereigns only brings the inherent weakness of her

* A. S. Citron, a. a. 1046 (D). Magnus S. Goia CHeimskr. ed Unger), cc.

37-39.

t Ilarulds S. Ilarirdda, c. 82.

XCVl INTRODUCTION.

position into greater relief. Before the dcatli of Edward

the Confessor and the coronation of Harold, DukeWilliam had bci^ain his preparation for an invasion of

England; for he knew that ho could not acquire the

crown by peaceable moans only. At the same moment

Tostig succeeded in persuading Ilarald Hardrada to under-

take the invasion of the same country from the north.

The Norse army arrived in Yorkshire, and sailed up the

Humber. ITarald Hardrada received liostages from all the

northern provinces. He had only just done this, when

there appeared upon the field an army which the English

Harold commanded. Then followed the battle of Stamford

Bridge, in which Tostig and Harald Hardrada were deci-

sively defeated, and both were slain. Meanwhile the Duke

of Normandy, having completed his preparations, set sail

for England ; and by the time that Harold had brought

his fatigued army back to the south, William had effected

a landing. Then followed the battle of Hastings, which

brings our period of history to a close.

Coinage of We have the same criteria for determining the sequence

CoXbw and of Edward the Confessor's coinages, viz. the survival of

Harold II. types from the previous reign, the occurrence of transition

types, and the survival of one type into the succeeding

reign, which were our guides through the coinages of the

Danish kings. We may assume that the types with a

beardless bust are the earliest of Edward's types. Not

probably because the king, who was in his fortieth year

when recalled to ascend the throne of his ancestors, and

about sixteen years older than the half-brother who

preceded him on it, was ever without a beard. Wehave in the anonymous Vita Mdivardi Regis, a contem-

porary description of Edward :' Hominis persona erat

decentissima, discretae proceritatis, capillis et barba canitie

insignis lactea, facie plena et cute rosea;

'* and on the

* JISS. Hail. 526. Publ. in Lives of Edirard the Confessor, ed. Luard

(Rolls Series), p. 396. Barba might of course stand for moustache, were

Edward ever represented, like Harold Godwinc's son, with a moustache

only.'

INTRODUCTION. XCVll

Bayeux Tapestry, the king is always represented -with a

full beard, and is indeed the only figure who wears one.

Harold and Duke William alike wear their hair after

the Norman fashion; that is to say, they shave all but the

moustache. It seems on the whole reasonable to suppose

that the beardless bust of Edward the Confessor is a meresurvival of the type of the previous reign.

The majority of the reverse types with the beardless bust

occur also in previous reigns ; they are the small cross pattee,

the short cross voided beneath quadrilateral ornament, and

the PACK typo (types i.-iv.). The types with beardless

bust which are new are the cross with expanding limbs, and

the short cross with limbs terminating in three crescents

(types V. and vi.). This last type is the connecting link

between those with the beardless and with the bearded bust

(type vii., &c.). The most remarkable of the new types of this

reign are (1) types ix. and x., known as the sovereign types,

which show the king upon a throne; (2) the types with a

facing bust (xiii. and xiv.). The obverse of the sovereign

type, which represents the king seated facing, holding

sceptre and orb, is probably adopted from late Koman coins.

The martlets in the angles of the cross, on the reverse

of type ix., are commonly called the arms of the Con-

fessor. The facing bust appears now for the first time

on coins of the English kings ; but it is a type destined to

survive all the others. This type likewise may be derived

from Byzantine coins;possibly, however, it comes from the

German coinage. Type xvii. with the reverse type PAX

between two lines connects the coinage of Edward with

that of Harold II., who adopts this type only. Whetherthis was mere chance, because it was one of the latest,

if not the last typo of his predecessor, or whether it was

adopted designedly, we need scarcely discuss. Harold knewwhen he accepted the crown of England that he was beset

by enemies on all sides, and his greatest desire therefore

might well be for peace—a desire which, unfortunately for

him, was not realized. Or we may suppose that ho meant

by adherence to this type what Cnut meant when ho first

adopted it, that the ancient laws of the country, the laws of

h

XCVlll INTIJODI'CTION.

Eadgiir, wonltl 1)0 iiiaintainod in their integrity, an<l the

peace between EngliHlinicn and Norsemen reign as here-

tofore.

MoNEYEns. The names of the moneyers contained in tlie present

volume complete the list, of these officials up to the time of

the Conquest ; and the whole list furnishes us with a larger

contribution towards an Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum than

is given by any other series of documents, not even ex-

cepting the Charters. But there are some special difficulties

in the way of making use of these names on the Anglo-

Saxon coins which it is necessary to point out here.

In the first place, we are not dealing with the writing of

lettered men—men lettered, that is, up to the standard

of their age— as we are in the case of the charters. For it

must be remembered that the names of the witnesses to the

charters were always written by the clerk who drew up the

document. The duty of the witness was not to sign the

instrument, but to attest it by placing his finger on the

cross in front of his name;

just as we to-day deliver as

* our act and deed ' a transfer of land or of shares by

placing a finger on the wafer which is attached to the

document. The result is that we do not see any great dis-

crepancies in the spelling of the names on the charters

:

an ' ^Ifhere dux ' or an * ^Selwold episcopus,' whose nameappears on some half-a-dozen different charters of about

the same date, has that name spelt generally in the same

way on each. Exactly how the signatures upon the coins

were made it is impossible to say. We possess no in-

formation as to the manner in which the various mints

throughout the country were provided with dies for striking

coins. In later times, at all events from Henry 11. down-

wards, the supplying of dies appears to have rested with the

Exchequer, even in the case of those which were used at

the London mint. Should this system have been in force

before the Norman Conquest, we can then well account for

a great similarity of workmanship and minute resemblances

which sometimes characterize coins of the same type albeit

struck at diflerent mints. This stroncf similaritv micfht also

INTRODUCTION. XCIX

have boon brought about })y tlio sonding of workmen provided

with patterns to the various towns.

But even if the types were supplied in this manner, there

can be little doubt tliat the process ])y which the names of

the moneycrs were finally transferred to the dies was in the

hands of unlettered people, who were capable of almost any

kind of mistake in copying an inscription placed before them.

It does not affect the question whether these engravers

were placing their own names upon the pieces or not

;

because, even if they were doing so, we must suppose them

incapable of signing their own names, and ignorant of the

value of the letters which expressed them. If, as is most

probable, the great earls and thanes would have been unable

to sign their names below a charter, it is not likely that an

obscure coin-engraver in Norwich or Exeter would have been

able to sign his name upon a coin. It follows therefore that

the first class of errors in the proper names would arise from

the mistakes which the engravers made in copying the

inscriptions, through mere ignorance of the phonetic value

of the signs set before them.

A further and subsidiary group of errors would arise in

the mechanical process by which the inscriptions were

copied and preserved. We have not now to do with menwielding a pen and writing upon parchment ; but with

engravers making use of one or two tools to punch in

letters upon a coin-die. It would seem that they had

two implements, or two classes of implements, to work

with. One class we might liken to a blunt chisel on a

very small scale—or even a screw-driver ; the other class

was of the nature of a gouge. The one implement makesthe straight line in the letters, which is generally wenotice rather wedge-shaped, showing how the cut has

broadened out at the end of tlio stroke; the other implement

made the curves. In the formation of each letter the

engraver uses one or other of his tools several times. Thusin the commonest form of S for example he uses it four

times (a) ; in B he uses it thrice (13). Here, then, we have

another and a subsidiary cause of error. It is so easy for a

man who understands very little of the use of the signs bi'

h 2

C INTRODUCTION.

is engraving to leave out or to misplace one of the three or

four strokes which make up his letter ; or to use the wrong

implement, the straight one instead of the curved one or

vice versa ; or even to alter a letter by the mere alteration

of the angle at which he holds his tool. Thus B mayhecome P ; R may become F ; D may become P, wliich might

then be either P or W. The slightest stroke will change

L into c. The faintest shake of the hand may transfer C

into F. A and H constantly interchange ; so in fact do H and

M ; still more frequently do H and N. In this last instance

we have another source of error, the confusion between the

Runic H [ = N] and the Roman N : it would appear that this

confusion long survived the disuse of the body of the Runic

alphabet. The smallest stroke gives us D in place of C(Sec for examples of the changes of A into H and N, pp. 398

sqq. of the coins of Edward the Confessor.)

These errors of the engraver give us by far the largest

number of mis-spclliugs with which we have to deal.

Familiarity with the inscriptions gives the numismatist a

certain ^a«V for these mistakes. But he must always allow

a very large margin for errors of this kind.

It has been necessary to dwell at some length on this

point, on account of some of the criticisms which were

made upon the first volume by writers who are not them-

selves accustomed to the handling of coins; and of the

evidence which these criticisms afforded of how far the con-

siderations which we have detailed above were liable to be

overlooked by such writers. These critics supposed that

there was no difficulty in deciding what name the moneyer

had intended to write—as would have been the case had webeen dealing with a clerk writing upon parchment—and that

therefore the right reading of the name upon the coin was

far more a question of philology than of epigraphy. This

is by no means the case. The epigraphical considerations

must first be weighed ; the etymological come after. If, for

example, we find a number of coins in one reign, or in a

succession of reigns signed by a moneyer 'Earduulf,' and

only one or two signed ' Eaduulf,' it is more probable that

the engraver has in one or two instances left out the R than

INTRODUCTION. CI

that a new moneyer lias appcarctl who only signs one or

two coins. This opigraphic question is not affected hy the

consideration that Eardwulf and Eadwiilf are perfectly

distinct names. The same argument would apply to such

names as ' Eadmund ' and ' Eadhun ' ; seeing that H is

throughout these coinages constantly used for M, and that

the last letter of a moneyer's name is very frequently

omitted.

CYTELM would naturally stand for Cytel Monetarius

;

and the name Cytel is very common in this coinage. Butif we had a numhcr of pieces in one reign struck by

Lytelman and this form CYTELM only occurred once, it

would he more probable that the engraver of the coin had

made the slight, it might be almost infinitesimal, error of

changing L into c than that a new moneyer Cytel had

appeared in this reign. Any number more of such changes

might be instanced which, slight in themselves, would

convert one moneyer into another. And though both the

names might in themselves bo perfectly natural, we should

yet have to consider (after the manner of Hume) where the

fallibility of the human instrument was most likely to

manifest itself. All attempts to decide such questions upon

prima facie considerations of philology are therefore to be

deprecated.

The reader of this catalogue may here be warned against

a possible source of error which is inseparable from any

printed catalogue of coins. In the present volume about

a hundred difierent alphabetic forms are used, including as

many as twelve a's, not fewer G's, seven D's, seven or eight e's,

seven R's, seven S's—this is of course speaking only of the

single letters ; when we include the compound letters the

number of types used in the following pages is increased

very largely. But it is impossible to give all the inter-

mediate forms which actually occur. Take, for example, the

two letters n and F. We have among our types one inter-

mediate form t which is neither one nor the other. But as

a matter of fact there may be infinite variations in the way

the two horizontal strokes are attached to the perpendicular

stroke. It is extremely hard for the cataloguer to decide

Cll INTUODUCTION.

to which of two normal forms ho in to rch;^ute any pur-

ticiihir intormcdiato one. The same applies to the grada-

tionH hctwccn H aud N. We have one intermediate form H;

but the gradations of the middle stroke are really infinite.

M varies indefinitely between that form and n, and some-

times merges into H, at other times into N. p and D have

the same number of intermediate forms ; and B and D, B and

R, V and Y, are very difficult to distinguish.

To set against those difficulties w^e have the advantage

derived from the repetition of the same name a number of

times upon the coins. For each variety of coin in the

catalogue implies that a different die has been used for the

piece, and therefore that the engraver has had a fresh oppor-

tunity of correcting his error. And, as has been said

before, familiarity with the kind of mistakes that engra-

vers commit allows us to strike an average between manydiflferent kinds of spelling and to approximate to the original

form which the engraver has probably had before him.

As a matter of fact it is only with regard to quite the

minority of names that we are left in any serious doubt.

We may get a considerable variety in the spelling of a

quite recognizable name, such as Burnwald, Byrnwald,

Birnwald, Brynwald, &c. But on the whole the names

range themselves into easily recognized forms. During

the earlier portion of our history, both in this volume and

in the previous one, the moneyers' names are of normal

Anglo-Saxon character. That is to say, they are either

monosyllabic, such as Brid, Dun(n), Man(n) ; dissyllabic,

ending in A, such as Bosa, Buda, Diga, Ella, Hussa, Ifa,

Lulla, Oba, Tata, Tocga, Tuma, Wina, &c. ; or else ending

in one or other of the characteristic old English termina-

tions, such as -beald (bald), -bcrht (bryht), -brord, -el, -friS

(fer b), -gar, -geard, -hsed, -heah, -heard (hard), -helm, -here,

-hun, -ing, -lac, -laf, -mod, -mund, -no^, -red, -ric, -sige,

-stan, -wald (weald, wold), -weard, -wig, -wine, -wulf (ulf),with

a few rarer terminations, -hysc, -uc (Duduc, Lulluc). Pre-

cisely the same is the case with the names attached to the

charters of the same era. No doubt there arc some peculiar

names, but by comparison very few.

INTRODUCTION. CHI

Wo might expect to find here, as in the charters, a cer-

tain number of Latin and biblical names. But as a matter of

fact we hardly find any among the moneyers of the earlier

period. Presumably these names were borne chiefly by eccle-

siastics, and the moneyers were all laymen. When we come

to iiElfred's reign we have among the moneyers a Samson,

a Simon, and a Stefanus. There is nothing in these names

to suggest that the bearers of them were not Englishmen.

But as we have already seen it is different when we get

to some of the ' Viking ' coinages which are contemporary

with the coinage of Alfred. In these we find two varieties

of un-English names, some which appear to be Frankish,

and others which are certainly Scandinavian. The former

are at first the most frequent, but later on the latter become

the commonest. It is not easy, amid all the varieties of spell-

ing to which the moneyers' names are subject, to distinguish

with certainty between English and Scandinavian names.

But we see that certain very characteristic and quite

unmistakable prefixes and suffixes are to be found on the

coins of the later period : such prefixes as Arn-, Nor-, Od-,

Ulf- ; such terminals as -cy tel, -fara (Irfara), -fugel, -leda.

Ulf as a suffix cannot be distinguished from uulf, the proper

Anglo-Saxon form—for the two forms are constant through-

out the coinage (as on charters likewise). Dreng again is

undoubtedly Scandinavian ; so, we may believe, is Winer,

which is probably the 0. N. vinr, slightly Englished. Odaagain is Scandinavian. Some of the Scandinavian names

are particularly interesting, such as Sumerleda, Winter-

leda, Sumerfugel, Winterfugel. Those forms with ' winter'

(instead of ' vetr ') appear to be hybrids, or forms slightly

corrupted by English influence.

Fastolf is a good Scandinavian name, which has, further,

no small interest for us both historical and literary. It is

especially interesting to find Fastolfs at this date striking at

Thetford and at Lincoln,—quite in the country, that is, of

the well-known Caistor family, the family of the Sir JohnFastolf of the Paston letters, the prototype (however really

unlike him) of the far more famous Sir John Falstaff.

Concerning the exact status of the moneyers, something

civ INTRODUCTION.

was said in tlio Introduction to the first volume ; though not

much more can be said than that we are left without precise

information on the suhjcct. As was noticed in the first

volume, the extract from the laws of TEthclstan there given

seems to point the moneyer out as the actual fabricator of the

coin. At any rate he must have been at the smithy to super-

intend its fabrication. For if the coin was debased, he was

to be punished by having his hand cut off and stuck up' over the mint-smithy.' The story which Eadmcr relates of

how Duustan insisted on the punishment of three false

moneyers who were his villeins {qui in potestate viri erant*)

shows that as a class they were men who were more or less

in a servile condition. This would not, however, prevent

them from being men of some wealth ; and it is likely that

at the end of our period the right of coining was farmed

out to the moneyers. This at least is implied in one or

two passages in ' Domesday.' t It appears from all these

entries that the moneyers received dies, and it is implied in

most that they had to go somewhere (generally to London) to

get them. If, therefore, the monetarius usually paid a sum

down for the right of coining, he was without doubt a person

whose position enabled him to put money in circulation.

He would be in something of the position of the tradesmen

who issued copper tokens when a copper coinage was scarce

at the beginning of the present century ; or still more like

the earliest issuers of a token copper coinage in England,

such as John, Lord Harrington, in the reign of James I.

The inscriptions on the reverses of the coins throw no

light upon the position of the moneyer. These inscriptions

* Eadmer, Vila S. Dutistani, c. 27, p. 202, Ed. Stubbs (Rolls Ser.). The

pimishmtnt inflicted was tliat decreed in the law of ^thelstau, the loss of a

hand.

t E.g. concerning the town of Worcester: 'In civitate "Wirecestrc habebat

Rex Edwardus banc consuetudiueiu. Quando moneta vcrtebatur quisque

monetarius dabat sx sulidos ad Lundoniam pro cuneis moneta) acoipiendit?."

And of Hereford in like manner we read :" Septem monetarii erant in civi-

tate. linus ex liis crat monetarius episcopi. Quando moncbx rcuovatnr dalxit

qui.'iiiue eorum xviii solidos pro cuneis reeipiendis et ex eo die quo redibant

usque ad uiium mensem dabat quisque corum regi xx solidos ; ct similiter

habebat epit^eopud de suo monetario xx sulidos.' The entries for Dorchester,

BridiHjrt, and Wareham are similar to tliat for Worcester.

INTRODUCTION. CV

are, it is known, at first the name of the moncycr only,

such as DUDD, LULLA, &c. Then a portion of the word* Monetarins ' is added BlORNFREO MONETA, (<cc. Finally

the mint place appears, and we have at first ELI BAD, BOIGA

MONET DEORABi, EENARD M~ON EXE. These forms give

place to the universal one with the name of the moneyer

followed by ON (in), and then the name of the town.

It has been disputed whether the monetarius was or was

not sometimes an itinerary moneyer travelling in the

service of the king. There may have been a few moneyers

of this kind, but the evidence of the coins is opposed to the

belief that there were many.*

We must note that, though the earlier English coins

contain a certain number of difi'erent contractions such as

MON., MONET., &c., almost from the very beginning of the

coinage the form MON ETA becomes the usual one after the

name of the moneyer. Later on it becomes—till the ap-

pearance of the mint-names—almost the stereotyped form.

In some cases, notably for example in the case of the

type introduced by ^thelwulf (no. xvii.), and continued

by his successors and on the contemporary coinage of

Mercia,t it is obvious that this word 'Moneta' is no

necessary contraction, the exact number of the letters in

the inscription being carefully arranged beforehand. Thequestion therefore arises whether at this time ' moneta

'

could really have in the eyes of the coin-engravers stood for

* monetarius.' If it did so, why should they have voluntarily

* Mr. Ernest Willott gives some statist ios with regard to the moneyers

of Edward the Confessor, represented in a Large hoard found in the City

—

'In the aecouut of the City Hoard, Table V. (Num. Chron., vol. xvi.,

p. 37.')) occur 220 different moneyers' names, and an examination of the list

will show that 15.5, or nearly three-fourths, occur in one town onhj. Of tho

remaining (J5, 32 occur in only two towns, and II in but three, reducing the

number of widely distributed names down to 22, or just one-tcntli of the

whole. Of these one, Lcofwine, occurs in 19 towns, Godwine in IG, Elfwino

in 13, Godric in 12. The rest arc distributed as under : four occur in 7 towns,

four in G, three in 5, and eleven in 4.'

—

Nam. Chron., 3rd Scries, vol. i., p. 33.

These facts arc ccrtaiidy opposed to the notion of peripatetic moneyers.

t See pp. 21, 23 S(in. of the present volume, and Vol. I., pp. 75, 7G. Com-pare also zElfred, type i.

CVl INTRODUCTION.

assisted at this unnatural abbreviation? It is quite possible

that the form * moncta ' at first was a contraction, but that

afterwards it became a substantive word. In tlie latter use it

could only have signified ' money,' * coin.' And in that use of

the word a legend such as TORHTVLF moneta (p. 21) could

only sij:];nify Torlitulf's money. It is not necessary to suppose

that the engravers or the users of tlie coin were sticklers

for grammatical accuracy. It would be enough for either

to understand that * moneta ' meant money, and for them

to see the name of some moneyer before it to interpret

the legend in the sense we are supposing. And the sup-

position that they did so interpret the word ' moneta,'

receives confirmation by an observable tendency in the later

coinage to put the name of the moneyer in the genitive.

Under ^thelstan we get the form Paules, on which it would

not be wise to insist as it may very well have been intended

for Paulus. But such forms as Amyndes (Amundes),

Durandes, Gotae, Keg^eres, Sigares, Wihtes all under Ead-

mund ; Agtardes, Boigaes, Crimes, Inguces (Ingulfs ?),

Obelrices under Eadred; and Cnapees,* Dunnes, Fre^ices

under Eadwig, are in the possessive case. It seems impos-

sible to explain the occurrence of even of only these dozen

or so of possessive cases better than on the supposition that

when they were engraved, at all events ' moneta ' had come

to stand in popular repute for ' coin,' ' money ' only. But

if this were the case, it rather implies that the ' monetarius,'

or person who signs the coin, was the issuer thereof, in the

same sense, that is, that Lord Harrington was the issuer

of the copper token coinage in the reign of James I.

TvvEs. The coins described in the present volume present no

varieties of type to compare in interest with some of the

types described in the previous volume. We have no such

series as the sceattas or as the coins of Ofia, king of Mercia.

* Boigaes, Cnapees, are of course ungrammatical forms, comparable to the

uugrammatical perfect and past participles (shooted, catclied, etc.) -which

uueducated people use to-day. It is possible that the OBAN on p. 215

is really ODAN tor ODA (see no. 77, same page). This is a regular English

possessive case.

INTRODUCTION. CVU

The majority of the coins present on the obverse a bust, on

the reverse some religious symboh The varieties of these

reverse types are moreover not numerous. We have first in

frequency some variety of the cross, the cross pattee, the cross

crosslet, and the cross moline; then we have A and Cx) combined,

and the ^ ov P . Very often these symbols appear on both

sides of the coin. There are a certain proportion of coins

which bear inscriptions in place of types on one or both

sides. These are most frequent in the reign of iElfred. The

coins of Eadweard the Elder stand out conspicuously by

the variety of designs that they show, floral patterns, the

hand of Providence, and various forms of buildings—one

device seems to be that of a church, possibly the minster

church of St. Peter at York.

Until the reign of Edward the Confessor the bust when

it appears is always in profile. It is a traceable descendant

from the bust on Eoman coins, as for example on the

soUdi of Honorius or Arcadius, and at first following its

prototypes is always a filleted bust and is beardless. Under

iEthelstan we get in one type a crown or the suggestion of

one, and this appears once more in the coinage of Eadgar.

The coins of ^thelred II. show us for the first time the

king wearing a helmet. It is a round helmet, and sometimes

seems to have a spiked crown outside it. Under Cuut

appears the pointed helmet such as we see on the Bayeux

Tapestry, and for the first time a conspicuous crown similar

to the crown on the coins of the German emperors. But of

the types of the later kings we have already spoken at

sufficient length.

During this period the busts on the obverse begin to

show often unmistakable signs of attempted portraiture.

The busts of Ecgbeorht, iEthelwulf, iEthelbearht, and

iEthelred I., are purely conventional. iElfred's coins show

some attempt at portraiture which becomes much more

apparent in the coins of Eadweard the Elder, PL vii. 8 and

9, of iEthelstan, PI. ix. 13, and PI. x. 2, 3 and 10, of

Eadmund, PI. xi. 10, and of Eadgar, PI. xiii. 9. The

workmanship of many of these coins is highly artistic. The

beauty of the work is still more striking when we take into

Cviii INTRODUCTION.

consideration the extremely low relief of the engraving.

Witli tlic accession of Tl^^tlielred II. the art of the engraver

conspicuously declines, and wo lose all traces of portraiture

for a time, tlie hust being again quite conventional, but wo

find a revival of the latter at any rate on the coins of Edward

the Confessor, whose beard is as conspicuous and as much

of a personal distinction on the coins as it is in the Bayeux

Tapestry.

The whole of the coinage described in the present volume

is distinguished in its general character by its indepen-

dence of the coinage of the Continent. The dissimilarity is

greatest between the coinages of the two nearest countries,

England and France. We have seen one type of Ecgbeorht

copied from the monogram type of the Carling denarius;

another type, the ' temple ' type, imitated on a few rare

coins of ^thelred I.* We have seen that the crowned bust

of * Cnut ' may have been suggested by the crowned bust

of the German emperors. The crowned bust, facing, of

Edward the Confessor may have come from a like source.

But in almost every other case where we find an approach

between the coinage of England and that of any continental

people, it is an instance of copying from England, and not of

the reverse process.

The rapid growth of mint-places, and their importance as

showing the increasing domination of the kings of Wessex,

have already been noticed. Of the laws which regulated the

constitution and the working of the mints, we know little or

nothing. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle afi'ords us absolutely

no information on these points. f The laws of ^thelstan,

however, arc a little more explicit. In the first volume

reference was made to the enactments of the Synod held at

Greatleyt in Huntingdonshire, in a.d. 928, when it was

ordered that there should be one kind of money throughout

* PI. iv., nos. 5, 6.

t The Charter in which Eadgar gives one moneyer of Stamford to the

abbey of Medeshamsted (Peterborough) is of doubtful authenticity (sec

J. >S. Chron. s. a. 9G8, and Kenibk-, oTa).

J Scbmid, Gtsdze dir .1.6'. pp. 13S-9.

INTRODUCTION, CIX

the whole rcahn, and that no one shouhl coin save in a

town. Each burg was entitled to have one moneyer : but

certain places, on account of their importance, were to have

two or more moneyers. Thus, Canterbury was to have seven

—

four for the king, two for the bishop, and one for the abbot

;

Colchester three—two for the king, and one for the bishop;

London eight; Winchester six; Lewes two; Hamtunc[Southampton] two ; Warcham two ; Shaftesbury two

;

Hastings and Chichester, though specially mentioned, were to

have one moneyer each. Many of the burgs availed them-

selves of this privilege granted by iEthelstan : yet we have

no coins struck during that reign of even some of the places

specially mentioned in the edict of Greatley ; such as

Chichester, Colchester, Hastings, and Lewes. It does not

follow, of course, that these places did not strike coins at

that time : all that we can say is that none are at present

known. A find of Anglo-Saxon and Oriental coins in Skye

in 1891 * has brought to light tlie new mint of Ward-

borough, one of the burgs founded by iEthelfiaid. This

is of importance, as future finds will very probably in-

crease the number of mints during the reign of iEthelstan,

and thus show that the privilege of coinage was of wider

extent than at present it can be proved to be. During the

successive reigns of Eadmuud, Eadred, and Eadwig, the

number of mint places decreases, but with Eadgar they

again increase, till in the reign of ^Ethelred 11. there was no

place of any note which did not exercise the right of coinage.

There is no doubt that the frequent and heavy payments

caused by the Danish invasions was one great cause of the

growth of the mints. The fines and taxes had to be paid in

coin, and this could not have been done had the numljcr of

mints remained restricted. It was the easiest and readiest

way of levying a tax. Religious houses as well as very

small towns and even villages must have had to share in

the burdens ; and this would in some way account for manymints only existing for a very short time. Among such

places may be mentioned Bedwin, Brewton, Darcnth,

Otford, Sidbury, Welmesford, Weybridge, Witham, Sec.

* Proc. Soc. Aut. Scot. 1891-92, Vol. xxvi. p. 225.

ex INTKODUOTION.

The mint towns mentioned in Domesday form but a

very small portion of such as wore actually coining moneyduring the reign of Edward the Confessor, and at the

time of the making of the Great Survey.

The identification of the various mints is rendereddiflicult from the fact tliat as a rule only the three or

four initial letters of tlie names are given in the inscription.

London is often written in full, lvndene; sometimes

LVNDONI, LVNDONIA. Lincoln is sometimes found written

LINCOLNE, but we also have the form lincolla. Wehave DEORBY, GIPESFIC, CEOTFORD, and in two instances

DEORBii, -DEOTFORDE. For Salisbury we have the forms

SERBY and SERBl, which are enough to show that the whole

inscription would have been SEREBYRIG or SEREBIRIG.

These forms arc no doubt, properly speaking, those of the

oblique case. But it is equally certain that (like the Celtic

Kil- in place names, which is also an oblique case) this is

the form of the word which survived the longest, and that

from this termination ' byrig ' in iEglesbyrig, Cadanbyrig,

and the rest, the modern forms Aylesbury, Cadbury, &c.,

are derived. The Latin writers nearly always use this

form, and we have in them frequently such phrases as 'quod

Glastingabyrig nuncupatur,' ' quod Sceftesbyrig nuucu-

patur,' * qui Searesbirig nominatur.'

It is evident from the passages in Domesday cited on a

previous page* that the establishment of a large number of

local mints was a source of considerable revenue to the

king, which was augmented by the frequent changes of the

types of the coins. The entry under Worcester which

directly mentions the reception of the dies at London is

important ; it probably shows that the practice of issuing

them from the Exchequer existed during the reign of

William I. To what extent this custom prevailed we do

not know. In later reigns it was general. But in these

later reigns the position of the moueyer would be greatly

chan<'-ed. He was no longer the actual maker of the die on

which his name occurred, but he became only the officer in

* P. civ.

INTRODUCTION. CXI

charge of the mint, and as such was responsible for the true

standard of weight and fineness of the coins issued by him.

The mints described below are either doubtful or else have

been identified for the first time in the course of preparing

the present volume of the Catalogue of English Coins.

Ashdown (^sbedune or ^scedun) in the parish of Blew-

berry, co. Berks, now usually called Aston-Upthorp, is first

mentioned in A. S. Chron. s. a. 648, when Coenwealh, king

of the West Saxons, gave 3000 hides of land there to his

kinsman Cuthred, It was probably the scene of the famous

victory of iEthelred and Alfred over the Danes in a.d. 870.

In A.D. 1006 it was occupied for a while by the Danes,

"Why a mint should have been established at this place we

have no evidence to show. The only known coins attributed

to this mint were struck during the reign of ^thelred II.*

Bedwin (Bedewind or Bedewine) in the union of Hunger-

ford, Wilts, is better known as Great Bedwin, to distinguish

it from the smaller place of that name. There is an ancient

camp in the immediate neighbourhood In a.d. 675 it was

the scene of a battle between Wulfhere, king of Mercia,

and iEscwine, king of Wessex. iElfred gave land there to

his elder son, Eadweard.f Edward the Confessor signed a

charter there J ; and a grant of land at that place was made

to the monks of the church at Abingdon. At the Great

Survey * the king held it, as also did Edward the Confessor

:

it was never assessed or hided.' The only coins of this

mint in the National Collection were issued during the

reign of Edward the Confessor. §

Brewton or Brutun (Briutune) in the union of Wincanton,

Somerset, was distinguished as the site of a monastery

founded by Algar, earl of Cornwall, circ. a.d. 1005, for monks

of the Benedictine order.||

It was for a time annexed to the

abbey of St. Martin of Trouarn in Normandy. The manor

was a royal one before the Conquest, and was hold by

William L, who granted it to William de Moliun, in whose

* Hildtbrand, Angl. Mynt., p. 37.

t Birch, Cart. Sax., .'Jd:^ (Alfred's Will).

X" Istud fiiciuiu est ad villniu nomino Bcdcwiudo in camera regi:*," Koiiililc,

9il. § Sec p. R12.II

Collint;un, 7A/.s7. of Somu-i'if, vol i. 'ii:!

ex 11 INTRODUCTION.

poRseRfiion it was at tlio timo of tlio Great Survey. Tlie

coiuH of tills plaeo were issued in the rei^n of Cnut. It

is probaMo that the mint belonged to the abbot of the

monastery.

Bridgnorth (Brydiga, Bricge, or Brigge) in Shropshire,

a ])urg built by TEthelflajd in a.d. 912.* There appears

to be no further record, of this place till after the Conquest,

when the castle and land there were held by Robert do

Bclcsme, son and successor of Roger do Montgomery,

Earl of Shrewsbury.

Cadbury (Cadanburh or Cadebcrie) in the union of Wincan-

ton, Somerset, was the site of a Roman camp or city, as manyRoman antiquities, coins, &c., have been found there. Wehave however no records of this place during the Anglo-

Saxon period. At the time of the Survey it was held by

Turstan Fitz Rolf, a Norman, who also resided there.

Alwold held the manor during the reign of Edward the

Confessor, and it was assessed to the geld of twelve hides.f

South Cadbury (Sud-Cadeberie), close by, was also held by

Alwold, and later on by Turstan. The coins of this place

belong to the reigns of ^thelred II. and Cnut. (See p. 258,

and Hildebrand, An(j. Mijiit., pp. 41 k 207.) Though there

seems no reason why Cadbury should have a mint, there

can be little doubt of this attribution, as on the coins of

iEthelred II. the name of the place is given in full,

* Cadanbyrig.'

Castle Rising (Roiseng or Risinges) in the Lynn division of

the Freebridge Hundred, Norfolk. The evidence of this place

having been a mint during the Anglo-Saxon period has been

discussed by Mr. H. Montagu. t It is based on the doubtful

reading of the monogram on the reverse of the coin of

iElfred (no. 155, p. 54). Mr. Kenyon read the monogramCROINDEN for Croydon; BIr. Haigh read it ROISENG or

ROISENGER for Castle Rising (?). With this latter reading

we are more inclined to agree, and the coin is ascribed to

Castle Rising in this catalogue. Castle Rising was a place

* A. S. Chron. s. a. 912. t Domesday.

X Xuin. Chrou., I^rd Si-rics, ix. .3.S5.

INTRODUCTION. CXlll

of considerable importance from a strategical point of view.

It stands on the Wash and in a district frequently attacked

by tlie Danes. No other coins which can be assigned to

this place occur till the reign of Stephen, when the mint

appears to have been revived for a short period.

Corbridge (Corabridgej in the union of Hexham, North-

umberland, was a lioman settlement, and during the Anglo-

Saxon period the site of a monastery. There exist however

no records of this place earlier than a.d. 1138. The only

coin which has been ascribed to this mint reads on the

reverse OIERHD MO. COR.* It was struck by ^thelred II.

The attribution is, therefore, very doubtful.

Darenth (Darentune, Dserentan, Derent, or Tarent) in the

union of Dartford in Kent, derives its name from the

river Darent. In a.d. 934 yEthelstan gave a grant of land

at Darenth to .^Ifwald.f In Domesday it appears as be-

longing to the Archbishop of Canterbury. There is only one

coin known which can be attributed to Darenth. It was

issued during the reign of .^thelstan, and is in the posses-

sion of Mr. H. Montagu. It is of type v., and reads on the

reverse beorhtvlf darent . VRB. In the catalogue it is

erroneously given to Dartmouth (see list of moneyers,

Beorhtulf, p. 101).

Dereham, East (Deorham or Dyrham), in the union of

Mitford and Launditch, Norfolk, was the site of a nunnery

of Benedictines founded by Anna, king of the East Angles,

in A.D. 650 for Withburga, his youngest daughter, whom he

made prioress. The nunnery was subsequently destroyed by

the Danes ; but the remains of Withburga were disinterred

and translated circ. a.d. 974 to Ely, to which see the manor

of Dereham was given by Edward the Confessor. J The

only coins which can be attributed to this mint belong to

the reign of this king.§

Dorchester (Dorceastre or Dorecestre). There were

two Dorchesters in Anglo-Saxon times, both places of

great importance, and either likely to have possessed a

* Hildebrand, Anq. Mynt. p. 17. t Kcmblc, 3(54.

X Komblc, 907. § P. 35G, nos. 200-202.

ex IV INTRODUCTION.

mint. It ronmins to determine whether tlio DOR on the

coins is Dorchester in Oxfordshire or Dorchester in

Dorsetshire.

Dorcliestcr in tlic union of Walliugford in Oxfordshire

was an ancient British and Roman settlement. In a.d. 654

an episcopal see was established there, and Birinus was its

first bishop. It ceased to be a see from a.d. 705-870, in

which year Leicester having fallen into the hands of the

Dancr", Dorchester was made the seat of the united bishopric

of Dorchester, Leicester, and Lindsey. It continued to be a

see until a.d. 1085, when it was transferred to Lincoln.* In

ancient charters this place is styled villa ejnscojxdis. There

is no mention of Dorchester in Oxfordshire having received

the right of coinage or of a mint.

Dorchester in Dorsetshire was also a British and Eomansettlement. The first mention of it is in a charter of

Ecgbeorht, a.d. 833,t containing a grant of lands at

Weunland to three sisters, Beornwyn, Alfled, and Uualen-

burch. The town is there styled villa regalis. In Domesdayit is again spoken of as a royal demesne. As, moreover, weare expressly informed in Domesday that in this Dorchester

there were [in the reign of Edward the Confessor] two

mint-masters, each of whom paid to the king one markin silver and twenty shillings upon a recoinage, it is evident

that Dorchester in Dorsetshire was the mint place during

the Anglo-Saxon period.

GeoSaburh or Jobaburh. This place is identified with

Jedburgh by Hildebrand.J Piaine and Dixon identify in

like manner JucJanburh with Jedburgh (Archbishops of

York, vol. i., p. IIG ; cf. A. S. Chron., s. a. 952; also

Toller and Bosworth, A. S. Did., s.v. Jutianburh). It would

seem, however, that the usual names for Jedburgh were

Gedword, Geddewerde, Oedewurth, ttc. It cannot, there-

fore, be said that this identification is other than doubtful.

Jedburgh is not a likely site for the event mentioned in

A. S. Chron. s. a. 952.

* Tarker, Uift. of Dorchester, pp. 19-22. t Komblc. 232.

X Aug. Mijnt. p. 497.

INTRODUCTION. CXV

Hamtune (Southampton or Northampton). Both places,

Southampton and Northampton, are called in the Anglo-

Saxon Chronicle and at this period simply * Hamtune.'

Southampton, as the chief port in the west, was a place

of considerahle importance even in lioman times. It wasoccasionally the residence of the Anglo-Saxon kings ; and it

suffered much from the incursions of the Danes. Frequent

mention is made of this town in the charters of Edwardthe Confessor, and from Domesday we learn that it possessed

two moneyers. The Hamtune mentioned in the Edict of

Greatley ahove referred to* is also undouhtedly South-

ampton ; for all the other towns mentioned in the edict are

in the ancient dominions of the kings of Wessex.

Northampton was captured by the Danes in a.d. 917 and

served as their head-quarters circ. a.d. 921. In this year,

being defeated by Eadweard the Elder, the Danes evacuated

Northampton and for nearly a century the town remained

undisturbed. The year 1010 witnessed another invasion bythe Danes, during which Northampton was burnt to the

ground; and in a.d. 1064, during the rising against Tostig,

it was plundered and the inhabitants outraged. Duringthe reign of Henry II. it received the right of coinage. Butthe balance of probability is that Southampton alone enjoyed

this right in the Anglo-Saxon period. The ' Hamtune

'

mint was in active operation from the time of ^thelstan

to the Conquest, though coins of all the reigns are not

represented in the National Collection.

Horndon (Horninduna, Hornyngdone, or Torninduna) in

Essex is divided into three parishes, a division which appears

to have existed since the time of Edward the Confessor.

(1) East Horndon was held in the reign of Edward the

Confessor by Aluuin, one of the king's thegns. Odo, Bishop

of Bayeux, also had twenty acres there. (2) West Horndon,

otherwise called Little Horndon, was held by two freemen

during the same reign. At the time of the Survey the

manor was held by Edward son of Algot. (3) Horndon

on the Hill was in the reign of Edward the Confessor

CXvi IMTIIOhfCTION.

held by Uulric ii freeman, probably the Hame who held

East ITorndoii ; but Knstacc, Earl of Boulof,'no, and his

undrr-icnuut Garner held it at the time of the Survey.*

The only coins of this mint were issued during the reign of

Edward the Confessor.

Jedbiirgli, sec GcoSaburh.

Lowik or Luffwick (Luueic, Lufwyk, or Luhwic) in

Northamptonshire. Of the early history of this place

scarcely anything is known. From Domesday it appears

that the manor there was divided between the Bishop of

Constance and the crown; as Edwin and Algar held one

virgatc of the former and Sibold one virgatc and a half of

the latter. The attribution of the coin reading lvveic

(no. 20, p. 195) to this place is therefore very doubtful.

Lymne (Liman, Limna, or Limene) in Kent. This is the

Portus Lemanus of the Eomans, one of their most important

harbours. The harbour fell into decay at an early period

of the Saxon occupation, and Hythe sprang up to take

its place. In the early part of the eleventh century the

lands at Lymne were divided up into several manors. The

most important of these was that of Aldington, which became

part of the estates of Christ Church, Canterbury, in a.d. 1032.

In Domesday it is entered under the general title of terra

militum archiepiscopi, i.e. ' land held of the Archbishop by

knight's service.' Coins of this mint range from Eadgar to

Edward the Confessor.

]\raldon in Essex and Malmesbury in "Wiltshire, The

similarity in the spelling of the names of these two places

makes it, when we have only the initial letters to guide us,

almost impossible to distinguish between the coins of the

two mints.

Maldon is found as M9eldune,Mealduna,Mealdune,Meldune,

and Meldunum ; and Malmesbury as Mailduifesburh, Malmes-

biriensis, Mealmesburh (Mealmesbyrig), Mealdemesburh, and

]\[eldunum. Both places were of considerable importance

during the Anglo-Saxon period. The first mention of Maldon

* Morant, Uist. of Essex, vol. i. pp. 207-21G; "Wright, Hist, of Essex,

vol. ii. p. 2.")0.

INTRODUCTION. CXvii

is in the A. S. Cliron. s. a. 913, when Eadweard the Elder camewith some of his forces into Essex at M?eldune, and encampedthere whilst a town was building and fortifying at WiSam(q. v.). Again in a.d. 920 the same king came to Mteldune andrebuilt and fortified the town. In the next year Maldon wasunsuccessfully besieged by a joint army of East Angles or

of Vikings from over the sea, and was again besieged andcaptured in a.d. 993. At the Great Survey Maldon formedpart of the royal domain, as the king had in it one house,

and pasture for 100 sheep, and also 180 houses, which the

burgesses held of him.

The first mention of the town of Malmesbury during the

Anglo-Saxon period is of the burning of the burg by the

Danes, circ. a.d. 878. The town was afterwards consumedby another fire and rebuilt by Eadweard the Elder. In

A.D. 1015 {A. 8. Giron.) after the murder of the thanes,

Sigeferth and Morkere at Oxford, the king ordered that

Sigeferth's widow should be taken to Malmesbury. Thetown owed its origin as well as its name to the celebrated

abbey founded in the seventh century by Maildulf, an Irish

monk, and is made illustrious by the writings of William of

Malmesbury.

Newark (Newarcha or Newerke) in Northamptonshire wasan ancient chapelry in the parish of St. John the Baptist,

Peterborough. There exists some doubt whether the coin

attributed to this town (see no. 13, p. 160) may not have

been struck at Newark in Nottinghamshire, in which city

a castle is said to have been built by Ecgbeorht. This

manor was subsequently held by Leofric, Earl ofMcrcia, and

in Domesday Godiva, his Countess, appears as paying the

danegeld for it.

Newport (Niweporte), in the hundred of South 13radfield,

Shropshire, is situated near Watling Street. There appear to

be no records of its early history. Sir John Evans identifies

this mint with Newport in Cornwall, the Celtic name of which

was Laustephadon, or the town of St. Stephen's Church.*

Northampton, see Hamtune.

* Nam. C/iroM., 3icl Series, vol. v., p. 257.

CXVlll INTRODUCTION.

Otford (OSnford, Ottaiifortla, &c.), in the hundred of Cods-

hoatli, Kent, wiis tlie scene of the victory (jljtained in a.u. 773*

by Oflii of i\Iercia over Eulhmund of Kent (cf. Vol. I., p. xlv.),

and also of the battle in a.d. 10 10 in which Eadmund Ironside

defeated the Danes. OflTa gave the manor of Otford to the

Church of Canterbury, and at the Great Survey it was

assigned to the Archbishop, and continued to form part of

the possessions of the see till long subsequent to the Con-

quest.f There are no coins of this mint in the National

Collection. A penny of iEthelred II., reading LEIFDOO .

MO . OON, is described by Hildebrand, Auf^. Mynt., p. 130.

It is of type iv. var. a.

Eichborough (Ricyeburh) in^ Kent is the Tortus Iiutupiae

of the Romans. Traces of Roman work are discoverable in

the ruins of the castle. There are in fact no evidences

of Saxon occupation. Such occupation, however, might

very well have taken place, and yet have left no durable

traces either in buildiu<:i;s or in walls. It is therefore with

considerable doubt that the coins with the legend RIC (see

pp. 289, 422) have been attributed to this place. There is

no mention of Richborough either in the Anglo-Saxon

Chronicle or in Domesday.

Sidbury(Si'besteburhor Sideburh), a parish near Sidmouth,

Devonshire. This manor was granted to the see of Exeter

by Edward the Confessor during the episcopacy of Leofric,

and it was in the possession of that see at the time of

the Great Survey. The attribution of the coins described

at p. 231 and p. 292 (^thelred II. and Cnut) is

doubtful.

Sidmouth (Sidmes, Sedemunde, or Sedemude), a seaport in

Devonshire. The most ancient name appears to have been

Sidemen. Numerous Roman antiquities and coins have

been found there. At the time of the Conquest, Gyda, mother

of Harold II., was in possession of the manor of Sidmouth;

but shortly after the Conquest and prior to the Great Survey

it was bestowed by William on the monastery of St. Michael

'in periculo maris,' Mont St. Michel in Normandy. The

* A. a. Chioii., c. a. 773. t Uastcd, Uist. cj Kent, vol. i., p. 322.

INTRODUCTION. CXIX

only coin attributed to this place has the mint nameSIDMES.*

Southampton, see Hamtune.Tcmpsforcl (Taemeseforda or Temesanford), in the union

of Biggleswade, co. Bedford, was fortified by the Danes in

A.D. 921. Later on in the same year it was taken byEadweard the Elder, ' who beset the burg and fought against

it and slew the King, and Earl Toglos and Earl Manua, his

son and his brother, and all those who were there within.'

The city appears to have remained undisturbed till a.d. 1010,

when the Danes took it and reduced it to ashes. The coins

attributed to this mint (pp. 173-174) were struck before

the place was burnt by the Danes.

Tonbridge (Tonebricg, Tonebrug, &c.) in Kent. Of this

place there are no records before the Conquest. There

was an ancient castle there which is supposed to have been

built before that time. In Domesday the only reference to

Tonbridge is in speaking of Eichard de Tonbridge, alias Fitz

Gilbert, who held the manor there and was also possessed

of land in various other parts of Kent. The attribution of

the coins of iEthelred II., ascribed to Tonbridge by Hilde-

brand, is doubtfuLf

Totleigh or Totley (Totleah or Totele) in the union of

Ecclesall-Bierlow, Derbyshire. Of this place there appear

to be no early records. The coin of Cnut, which is ascribed

to Totleigh, reads TOTEL.$

Wardborough (Weardburh) in the union of Wallingford,

Oxfordshire. We have scarcely any records of this nowsmall and unimportant place. In A. S. Cliron. s. a. 913, wo

find that iEthelHaed, lady of the Mercians, built ' in the next

year after midwinter that (burg) at Cyricbyrig (Cherbury)

and that at Weardbyrig,§ and that same year before midwinter

that at Kumcofa (Euncorn).' Land at Wardborough was

granted by Eadmund to Wulfric a.d. 944.|1 Of this

* Hildcbraiid, Aug. Mynt. p. 137.

t lb. p. 14!», 3828-9.'

% Ih. p. 301, .S5GG.

§ Steenstnip, Normannerne, vol. iii., p. i'i, idoutifics this pliico with

Wi^densljorfnigli in ^tuffonlsliire (.-^ei.' above p. Hi )

IIKemble, Ills.

OXX INTRODUCTION.

mint only one coin is known. It is of TEthelstan, type v.

p. 1015, and Inmrs on tlie reverse the inscription BYRHTELMMOT p>EARDBV. This coin formed part of the Skye hoard

found in 1891, and the presence in the same hoard of coins

struck at Oxford renders its attribution to Wardborough

beyond question.

Warmington (Wcrmington), in the hundred of Polebrook,

Northamptonshire, formed part of the possessions of the see

of Peterborough, during the Anglo-Saxon period; though

the documents which profess to record the grants of it are,

as in the case of Welmesford (q.v.), not of the date which

they profess to be.* At the time of the Survey the abbey

of Peterborough still held seven hides and a half at

"Warmington. Coins attributed to this mint read p>ORi or

|>0RIME, &c. They were struck during the reigns of

iEthelred II., Cnut, and Harold I.f

Welmesford, Walmesford or Wansford (Welmesforda), in

the union of Stamford, Northamptonshire, was also an ancient

possession of the see of Peterborough. The passage interpo-

lated in A. S. Clirou. (E.) s. a, 657 records tlie supposed grant

of the manor to the abbey of St. Peter, St. Paul, and St.

Andrew, at Medeshamstede, i.e. Peterborough, by Wulfhere,

son of Penda, king of Mercia; and a spurious charter in

Kemble (575) is supposed to confirm the grant. Welmes-

ford is not mentioned in Domesday ; but appears to have

been part of the knight's fees which Anketil de St.

Medard held of the abbey. The attribution to Welmes-

ford of the coin of Cnut with mint name p>ELMlAE (no. 556,

p. 296) is open to doubt.

Weybridge (Weybricca, Weybrugge, or Wibricg) is in the

union of Chertsey, Surrey. Two hides of the manor of

Weybridge were granted by ^thclstan to the abbey of

Chertsey, a.d. 13 Dec. 933. | This grant was confirmed byEdward the Confessor in a.d. 1062. § At the Great

Survey the abbey still possessed two hides of land at Wey-

* Cf. A. S. Chron., s. a. 9G3; aud Kemble, Coil. Dipl. Sax., 575.

t Hildebruml, Aikj. Mynt., pp. 1G5. 314, 375.

I Kemble, 3G3. "

§ lb. 812.

INTRODUCTION. CXXl

bridge, and Alured held them in the time of Edward the

Confessor, and after his death. The coins having the mint

name [>ib or [>IBR, struck during the reign of Cnut,* can

only be doubtfully ascribed to Weybridge.

Winchcombe (Wincelcumb) in Gloucestershire was a

place of residence of the Mercian kings. Offa of Mercia

founded a nunnery there in a.d. 787. Two years later

Coenulf of Mercia laid the foundation of a Benedictine abbey

dedicated to St. Mary, which took the place of the nunnery.

Coenulf was buried there in a.d, 822. The monastery

suffered severely during the Danish ravages and was in a

ruinous condition in the reign of Eadgar, when Oswald,

bishop of Worcester, rebuilt it, and it was reconsecrated

to the Virgin Mary and St, Kenelm.f The only coin

which can be attributed to this place is that of Cnut,

no. 597, p. 299.

Witham (Wi^am) in Essex. This burg was built byEadweard the Elder in a.d. 913.$ There are no further records

of it till the compilation of Domesday, from which we learn

that it belonged to Earl Harold (Godwine's son) during the

reign of Edward the Confessor. At the time of the Great

Survey, Peter the Sheriff kept it in the king's hands, and

it was some time part of the estate of Eustace, Earl of

Bouillon, who married Goda, sister of William I. It subse-

quently reverted to the crown, and Stephen gave it to the

Knights Templars. § A coin reading Pi£)A, struck during the

reign of Harthacnut|1

is attributed to this mint.

In completing, as we do in this volume, the description Summauy.

of the whole series of coins struck between the time whenthe English first began to strike money and the NormanConquest, it may be well to review in a few words the

contents of the two volumes together, and sum up very briefly

* Hildebraiid, Aug. Mijnt., p. 307.

t Rudder, Ilii't. of Glosttrsliire, pp. 825-2G.

X A. S. Gliron. s. a. 913.

§ Wrif^lit, 7/^'^^ of Esxex, vol. i., p. 21(3.

11 llildcbraud, Any. Mynt., p. -108.

cxxii introductkjn.

the chief points of liistorical and artistic interest which the

whole series of Early English coinage has to offer.

English coinage hegan, as we saw, with the series of

imitations of the money current among the Franks of the

earlier Merovingian dynasty and of their neighbours the

Frisians. AVo saw also reason to conjecture that, at the time

at which this first English money was made, some Roman

silver and gold coins and a very large number of small

Eomau copper coins were still current in this country.

The first series of English coins consisted of a few gold and

a very considerable number of silver pieces (sceattas), which

were no doubt chiefly current in the districts nearest to the

French coast. But they evidently spread through middle

England as far as Northumbria, for we have coins of this

series with the name of Mercian and Northumbrian kings.

In Northumbria it is probable that the sceattas did not dis-

place the chief currency of the district, which still consisted

in the small copper Eoman coinage of which we have before

spoken, and the result of the introduction of the sceattas was

that these coins assimilated themselves in appearance to the

small Eoman coins. The Northumbrian coinage, called the

Styca series, changes from a silver to a copper one, and this

Styca series endures until the conquest of Northumbria by

the Danes in the year 868.

South of the Humber, the history of the English coinage

is affected by the changes which took place in the coinage of

Francia. In the latter country the house of Heristal intro-

duced, before the end of the eighth century, a new type of

silver coin by the coinage of what was called the new

denarius ; and this money was speedily imitated in England

in the penny coinage of Off'a (probably struck in Kent) as

also in the penny coinages of the kings of Kent, the Arch-

bishops of Canterbury, and a few of the kings of East

Anglia, Between the battle of Ellanduue in a.d. 825, and

the death of Burgred in a.d. 874, we watch the other South

Humbrian coinages disappear and that of ^Yessex alone

survive. As we have pointed out, the early so-called Wessexcoins were probably at first struck only in Kent.

The two classes of coins, then, which mark the beginning

INTRODUCTION. CXXIU

of an English coinage—the sceattas of the seventh and

eighth centuries and the pennies which succeeded them—were

both derived, so far as regards their general appearance and

fabric, from similar (;\Ierovingian and Carolingian) coinages

on the Continent. But from the very beginning of the

English coinage a great originality is shown in the details

of the fabrication, such as in the choice of the types, in the

forms of the letters in the inscription, &c. In truth the

originality is even more conspicuous on the earliest coins,

—

in the sceattas, for example, and on the first coins issued byOffa, than it is on the later pieces. Still on the whole wemay say that in respect of type and general appearance the

English currency throughout is markedly independent of

influences coming from the Continent. The continental

coinage develops into two distinct branches, the French

and the German. The English coinage stands apart from

both as a distinct series. All these facts argue a very con-

siderable wealth and remarkable commercial activity in this

country.

The incursions of the Vikings and the first coins struck

by a Scandinavian people during the latter half of the ninth

century form the next important feature in the history of

the English coinage.

One of these difi'erent series of Scandinavian coinages is

imitated rather from the Frankish coinage than from the

English. (See Vol. I. pp. 204-229, and PI. xxiv.-xxvii.) All

the other coins which were struck by or under the influence

of Scandinavian conquerors in England, are no more than

debased imitations of the current coinage of the country. It is

at this time that the names of the moneyers upon coins

begin to show a curious infusion of foreign elements, and

not Scandinavian elements only, among the population

of England. In iElfred's reign we have to note the

beginning of the practice of adding the names of mint-

places upon the coins, the only mint-places which had

before his reign been mentioned on any coins being London

Vol. I. pp. 10-11) and Canterbury (Vol. I. p. 41 and Vol. II.

pp. 6, 13-14). The chief interest to be found in tlic mint-

names on the coins begins during the reign of iEthclstan.

CXXIV INTRODUCTION.

For in the wliolo series of coins from this reign down to

the reign of Eadgar wo have continuous evidence of the

recovery by the kings of Wesscx of the country from the

hands of the Danes. With the exception of three reigns,

those of Eadmund, Eadred, and Eadwig, the number of

mint-places recorded by the coins goes on continually

increasing to the time of ^Ethclred II.

After the reign of Eadgar we notice a certain change in

the appearance of the coins. The dies appear to have been

made more roughly than heretofore, and we may infer that

a greater number of coins than previously were struck from

the same die. It is difficult to describe in words this

change in the appearance of the English coins ; but the

general eflfect of it on the eye and mind is to suggest that

after the death of Eadgar, or at any rate after the accession

of iEthelredlL, the number of pieces issued was considerably

greater than at any previous time, and that the more purely

commercial character of the coinage was exclusively kept in

view, while a striving after art in the manufacture of the

dies almost disappeared. Indeed the amount of money

coined in the reign of -^thelred II. must have been enor-

mous. The payments which are recorded to have been

made at various times in this reign and the next—10,000 lbs.

of silver, 16,000 lbs., 45,000 lbs., 87,000 lbs.—imply an

enormous currency, even though we admit that these large

sums could not all have been paid in specie. That such

payments in any form should have been possible despite all

the misfortunes of England implies that her commercial

prosperity had been continually on the increase.

In the reign of iEthelred II. we have further that

important event in the history of the English coinage, in

some respects the most important event of all, the initiative

which it gave to the creation of a Scandinavian coinage

—

currencies initiated by the Danes in Ireland and in Scotland

and other currencies for Denmark, for Sweden, and for Nor-

way. As we have already said, the coinage of -^iEthelred and

its imitations symbolize the wide rule of Cnut, who might

have built up a lasting Scandinavian Empire if Cnut had

had worthy successors, or if the Scandinavian customs of

INTRODUCTION. CXXV

inheritance could have been broken through. Undoubtedly

this enormous currency of ^thelred's coinage, and of imita-

tions of it throughout all Scandinavian lands, must have led

to an increase in trade between England and other northern

countries and paved the way for intercourse of all kinds.

We know how much the English chronicles are concerned

with Norwegian and Danish history at this time, and howmuch the Icelandic Sagas have to tell us about English

history.

Some further tokens of the power and the ambition of

Cnut are given by the adoption upon the coinage of a

crowned bust, probably copied from the bust on the Imperial

German coins ; and one or two instances which occur at this

time of the copying of German types upon the English

money, or the converse, suggest that our relations were

(through Denmark and Frisia) rather more with the GermanEmpire than with France. The whole state of affairs

changed when Edward the Confessor mounted the throne,

and Norman influences began to be felt in this country.

This history of the spread of English coinages in the

North marks the end of the influence of English coinage

before the Conquest. As we have said, the influence of the

new power—the Norman—though it began to be felt

during the reign of Edward the Confessor, is not reflected

so far as we can gather upon the coinage. Perhaps in one

case we may see a reflection of it in the so-called ' Sovereign

type ' of Edward the Confessor, which is the first appearance

of what we may call a coat-of-arms upon coins.

Thus far as regards the historical interest of the English

coinage. Its artistic interest is, of course, very muchsmaller ; but still it is not without artistic interest. In the

earliest series of all, the sceatta series, we have a number and

variety of designs which in proportion to the extent of the

issue is perhaps without precedent in any other coinage of

the world. The designs on the sceattas are not themselves

for the most part artistically beautiful, but in any history

of the development of ornament they ought to take a

conspicuous place. They present, as was shown in the

first volume, some striking examples of the degradation of

ox XVI TNTllOnilCTION.

typcfl, and throupjli degradation of the evolution of fresh

types. In the first volume a good deal of space was

allotted to tracing the origin, the development, etc., of these

designs.

Then, again, the coins of Offa arc in a way monuments of

artistic excellence ; and in the history of Anglo-Saxon art,

and of its development out of Celtic art, these coin-types

deserve a place alongside of the illuminated manuscripts of

the period. After Offa's reign we continue from time to

time to have coins which are artistically beautiful. Some

heads on the money of Eadweard the Elder afford the best

examples perhaps of the kind of work of which we are

speaking; these, again, could not he neglected in any his-

tory of Anglo-Saxon art. But after this time, or at any

rate after the reign of Eadgar, as we have just stated, the

English coinage ceases to have any artistic merit, and an

artistic coinage does not again appear in England until the

reign of Edward I. of the Angevin or Plantagenet line.

In the preparation of this Catalogue the compilers have

been under special obligations to Sir John Evans, K.C.B,,

Treas. E.S., who has read the proofs of the Catalogue, and

to. Mr. H. Montagu, F.S.A., who has placed at their disposal

his manuscript notes on the early coinage of Wessex, and

has supplied lists of unpublished moneyers. Their thanks

are also due to the Eev. E. McClure for his notes on that

portion of the Introduction which deals with the mints.

az<

ozUJ

a.

<

M

CATALOGUE.

CORRIGENDA.

P. 1, add name of Eanwald to list of moneyers.

P. 21, 1. 2, dele in Kent a.d. 858.

P. 27 »i, for Xristiano road Xristiana.

P. 101, 1. 51, first col., for Dartmouth read Darenth,

P. 394, 1. 5, for 0«bcrn read 0«grim.

P. 409, 1. 6, for „ read/ECELPIC.

CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH COINS.

ANGLO-SAXON SERIES.

KINGDO^I OF WESSEX.

ECGBEORHT.Srcc. A.D. 802 ; died a.d. 838* or 839t.

Moneyerg.

Aenred. Ifa.JEfel-, see E?el-. 01»a (Canterbury).Andred. Osmund (Cautcrbury).Beagmund. Sigestef.

Boornheard, Beornhart, &c. Sweflieard, Swefherd (Canterbury).Beornmod, Biorniuod, <&c. (Canter- Swene.

bury). Tideman.Biosil, Bosel [cf. Bosa] (Canterbury). Tiluuiue (Canterbury).Bosa. * Timbearht [cf. Ti^-beaiht] (Caiitor-

iJehis. bury).Diorniod [cf. Biornmod] (Canterbury). Ti^lnaritf.

Dynyn [Duniug V]. Werlnard.EStlmod. Wulgar.

Description of Types.

Obverse.|

Reverse.

Type i.

Bu.t r diadtuud. Around, inserip-; jionofrram f& for DOROB 0^

tion between two circles, divideil by i

"^^f) *

bust. (Dorol)iriiia Civitas). Around, in-

1 8crii)tion between two eireh .s.

[Cf. PI. I. 1.]

* Stiibbs. f 'riicopivM. See Iiitnxluction.

J This monogram has bcpii likewise read fcCBOR; but this rrailinf; seems scarcely

ailmissiblc. It is pos^ibb' tliat lliis type is a Uegrudatidn from the type of Archbishop Wulfred(a.i>. 803-83U). See Vol. I. p. 73, I'l. xii. 7 ; anU the Introiliiction to the ]>rescnt volume.

VOL. n. u

A

WESSEX.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type i. vnr. a.

t^imilnr ; iuncriptinn not divided hy 1 Same,hunt.

I

[Kvans Coll.]

Type ii.

Bust r., (liadomcd. Around, inscription iMonogram •^- ( A and CO). Around,

between two circles, <livi(led by bust. I inscription between two circles.

[Cf. n. I. 2.]

Type iii.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Cross, two liml>s nioline, two limbs

tion between two circles, divided by pattes. Around, iiis('rij)tirin betweenbust.

I

two circles.

[Cf. n. I. 3.]

Type iv.

Head r., diademed. Arou7id, inscrip)- i Cross crosslet. Around, inscription he-

tion between tico circles. ticeen two circles.

[Rud., n. 14, ].]

Type V.

Head r., diademed. Around, inscrip-|

Cross potent. Around, inscription he-

tion between two circles. tween two circles.

[Rud., PI. 27, 1.]

Type vi.

Head r., diademed. Around, inscrip- Lozenge-shaped pellet, surroundi d bytion between two circles. four crescmts, liorns outwards.

I Around, inscription between twoI

circles.

[Cf. PI. I. 4.]

ECGBEORHT.

Reverse.

Type vii.

Ue(idr.,(li(t(himed. Around, inscription I Cross pattee. Around, inscription be-

between two circles. tween two circles.

[Saiothill, Olla Podrida, PI. 20, 7.]

Type viii.

Head r. diademed. Around, inscrip- I Cross pattee, with wedge in each angle(cross pattee over another cross pat-

te'e). Around, inscription between

I

two circles.

[Cf. PI. I. 5.]

tion between two circles.

Type ix.

Head r., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Tribrach moline. Around, inscription

tion l)('t\v(en two circles.1

between two circles.

[Cf. PI. I. 6.]

Type X.

Cross pattee. Around, inscription be- I Cross crosslet. Ar<nind, iiiscrijition

tween two circles.|

between two circles,

[Cf. PI. I. 7.]

Tyj>e xi

Sun ?—piriht rays patt(fs issuing fromrirrh enclosing pellet. Around, in-

scription between two circles.

Cross pattee. Around, inscription be'

tween two circles.

[E. J. G. PifiFard dll]

Type xii.

Sun?—nine rays pattcs issuing fromcircle enclosing pellet. Around, in-

scription between two circles.

[Cf. PI. I. HJ

Tribrach, limbs fourche's. Around, in*

pcripfion betwc ni two <irclc8.

B 2

WESSEX.

Obvcrnc. RevcrBe.

Type xiii.

Cross potent. Arjiiiid, inscrijitiou be- I Ciohh potent. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.

|twcou two circles.

[Cf. ri. I. !».]

Type xiv.

Monogram ^fjL** Around, inscripfion

between two circles.

Cross potent. Around, inscription he-

tween two circles.

[Num. Chron., N. S., iii. 4G.]

Type XV.

Cros* palt^e. Around, inscription be-

tween two circles.

Six rays or limbs patt^s, issuing from acommon centre. Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Riid., n. 27, 2.]

Type xvi.

Cross of six limbs pattes. Around, in- I Cross of five limbs pattes. Around, in-

scription betwei^n two circles.\

scription between two circles.

[Evans Coll.]

* The monogram horc given correctly rc})re!ients that on tbe coin. The figure lielow is takenfrom tlie only publislioil repre^-cntatioii ot the coin. Since the figure was done the comi>ilers havehad an opi>ortuuity of seeing tlie original.

ECQBEORHT.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type xvii.

Small croxs jmtte'e icitldii four crescents,

horns inwards. Across, inscription

between two circles.

Cross pattee. Around, inscription be-

tween two circles.

[Boyne Cull.]

Type xviii.

S/^oT fj^ (SAXON) irregularly

placed. Around, iuscriptiun betweentwo circles.

Cross pattee. Around, inscription be-

tween two circles.

[Cf. PI. I. 10.]

Type xix.

Cross piitent. Around, inscription he- I Monogram PA (for SAX). Around,

tween two circles. | inscrijition between two circles.

[Num. Chron., N.S., iii. 46.]

Type XX.

SAXInscription ONIO in three lines across

RVMfield. Around, inscription between

two circles.

Cross patttfe. Around, inscription be-

tween two circles.

[Jlurdiison C.dl.]

WESSICX.

Descuiition ok Coins.*

No.

ECGBEORHT.

No.

WESSEX.

No.

AETHELWULF.

AETHELWULF.Succ. A.D. 838 or 839; died a.d. 858.

(Resigned Wessex to bis son Ae'Selbald in 856 and reigned in Kent only.)

Moneyers.

Mtal-, see E?el-.

Beagmutid.Biarnmod or Biarmod.Biarnno^ (Canterbury).Brid (Canterbury).Degbeariit.

Deineab (Canterbury).Diar (Canterbury).Duduiue.Dun(n).Ealgmuiid [Ealbmuiid ?] (Canter-

bury).

Eanmund (Canterbury).Eanwalil.

Eardwulf.EJelgeard l= ESelheard ?]

Eielheard.

E^elbere.E'Selniod [or ESelno^ ?].

ESelmund (Canterbury).ESelno'6.

ESelred? (Canterbury).

Hebeca? (Canterbury).

Hedeheald [for Herel>eabl?].

Herebeald (Canterbury).

Herebearht.Hunbearht [Hunbeant] (Canterbury).

Hun red.

l.ialm or Liuba.

Mauiuc [Manninc] (Canterbury).

Manna, Mann, &c.

Osmund (Canterbury).

Tiruald [Tiduald ?].

Torbtulf.

Torbtwald.Uermund.Uueallieard, Uuelheard, &c. [= 'Uelm-

heard ?] (Canterbury).

Uuelmbeard L=Uuealhi.'ard?]

Uuilheah or Wilbeah [of. Uuelbeard](Canterbury).

Weineali [of. Deineab.]

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Trjpe i.

DORIBI or DOR IB irregularly writ-

ten. Around, inscription betweentwo circles.

Monogram ^P!^ . Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Cf. PI. n. ].]

Sumo as reverse of preceding

Type i. var. a.

I

Same as obverse of preceding.

[Cf. PI. II. 2.]

Type ii

DORIBI or DORIB irregularly writ-

ten. Around, inscription betweentwo circles.

In centre i^Ci. An)uud, inscription

between two circles.

Monogram ^f^^between two circles.

[Cf. PI. II. 3.]

Ty

Around, inscription

Type iii.

Cross patte'o, in angles CYMT(CANT?) Aromul, inscription be-

tween two circles.

[Cf. PL II. 4.J

10 WESSEX.

Obveriic. Keveree.

Type iv.

Moii„-riin Sj^ (SAXONV). Anmiul,

iiiscriiitiiin ijutwcuii two ciirk'S.

CroBS puttee over anotlitr crobs jiattee.

Around, iiiecriptiou bttwceu twocirclcB.

[Cf. ri. II. 5.]

Type V.

Crtiss piitteo over aiiotlicr cross pattec.

Arounii, inscriptiuu between twocircles.

SAXInscription ON 10 in three lines

R/Macross field. Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Cf. PI. II. 6.]

yanie.

Type V. var. a.

SAXSimilar, ONIO and around, between

RVMtwo circles, OCLI DENTALIVM, in-

stead of money er's name.

[Cf. PI. II. 7.]

Type vi.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between t\¥0 circles, divided bybust.

Christian monogram ^. An uud, in-

scription between two circles.

[Cf. PI. II. 8.]

Type vii.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip- y . JTB a , . . ,

tion between two circles, divided by ^"^ "^^^^^ *^- Ground, inscription be-

bust. tween two circles.

[Cf. PI. II. 9.]

Type viii.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

In centre «^. Around, inscription be-

tween two circles.

[Cf. PI. II. 10.]

Type ix.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-tion between two circles, divided bybust.

Cross patte'e, pellet in each angle.Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. PI. II 11.]

AETHELWULF. 11

Obverse. Reverse.

Type ix. vur. a.

Head r., diademed. Around, iuscrip- I Similar; smaller cross pattc'e ; notion between two circles.

|

pellets in angles.

[Cf. PI. II. 12.]

Tijpt X.

Ilead r., diademed. Around, iuscrip- I Cross potent. Around, inscription le-

tion between two circles. tween two circles.

[Rud., PI. 27, 2.]

Tyye xi.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

[Cf. PI. III. 1.]

Cross crosslet. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.

Type xii.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

[Cf. PI. HI. 2.

J

Star of six raya pattes. Around, in-

scription between two circles.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

[Cf. PI. III. 3.]

Type xiii.

Cross pattc'e over another cross patte'o.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

Type xiv.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

Cross pattee over cross pomme'e.Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. PI. III. 4.]

Type XV.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

Cross, two limbs pattc's, two molino.Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. PI. HI. 5.J

12 WE8SEX.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type xvi.

BuH r., diatlrinrd. Around, inscription

bcttrotn two circles, divided by bust.

Cross, tico limhs cross crosslet, two pat-tes. Around, inscripliun between twocircles.

[INIontagu Coll.]

Type xvii

Bust r., sometimes diademed. Around,inscription between two circles, di-vided by bust.

Moneyer's name, &c., upon limbs andbetween angles of cross formed ofbeaded lines.

[Cf. PI, III. 6.]

Type xviii.

Cross pattr'e over another cross pattee.Around, inscription between twocircles.

In centre >^. Around, inscription be-

tween two circles.

[Cf. PI. m. 7.]

Type xix.

Cross patte'e over another cross patte'e.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

Plain cross, the ends of which touchthe inner circle, over cross pommee.Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. PI. III. 8.]

Type XX.

Cross patte'e over another cross pattee.Around, inscription between twocircles.

Same as obverse type.

[Cf. PI. III. 9.]

Type xxi.

Cross pattc'e over another cross pattee.Around, inscription between twocircles.

Cross crosalet. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.

[Cf. PL III. 10.]

Type xxii.

Cross patte'e over another cross patte'e.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

Cross moline. Around, inscription be-tween two circles.

[Cf. PI. III. 11]

AETHELWULF. 13

Obversp. Reverse.

Type xxiii.

Cross pattce over another cross pattee. I Cross, two limbs pattes, two moline.Around, inscription between two Aroimcl, inscription between iwocircles.

|circles.

[Cf. PI. III. 12.]

Description of Coins.

No.

14 WESSEX.

No. Obvorso.

12

13

14

15

IG

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

^EOELVVLF REX.\'<ir. I'dlct ill centre

Hcverae.

»t.MANINL TONETAWt. 17-8.

[I'l. II. 1.]

^E+)ELVVL-F REX

4<EOEL^VVLF4^ REXV(ir. Pellet in centre.

i^ECELVVLF REXVar. Pellet in centre.

i<EDELYYLE REXVar. Pellet in centre.

t-EOELVVLF REX

4^0$MVND M0NET7\Wt. MO.

^VVESLHESRD TOETRWi. 20-0.

^VVE7\LWE7\RDWt. 190.

t.YYELWE7XRDWt. 18-G.

"I^VVILhEH MONETSWt. 19 1.

Type i. var. a

i'E+)ELVVLF RE€e>^ J-NEREBEYLD MONETAVar. N^D : pellet Var. Pellet in centre

in centre.

^E4-)ELVVLF RRXVar. Pellets in field.

»1«ERFLVVLE OE«^

Wt. 191.

^NVNBEANT NONETWt. 22-6.

I-NVNBETXNT MONETWt. 20-0.

[PI. II. 2.]

Type ii.

«I«E4")ELVVLF REX 1 +D17\R MONETAFar. Pellets in type. | Wt. 17o.

[PI. II. 3.]

Moneycr.

Osmund.

Uueallienrd,

Uiiellicard.

Uuilheah.

Hereb'ald.

Hiinbearht.

Type iii.

>I*E+)ELVVLFE RE^Var. Pellet in type.

•^NEBEEA M0NET7\DOR

Wt. 190.

Wt. 18-5.

[PI. IT. 4.]

Var. Order of let-

ters in anjles of

cms.? [CNTY]Wt. 190.

Diar.

Hebeca ?

AETHELWULF. 15

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Reverse. Moneyer.

Sertes B. Without Name op Mint.

Type iv.

J-AEOELVVCF REX I ^EANp>ALD MONETAI

Wt. 19-G.

[PI. II. 5.]

^E+)ELVVLF RE: X

REX

Type V.

J-DIAR I lONETAWt. 19-4.

•J-I-EREBEALD MOhETWt. 207.

L-F „ MVIANNA MONETAWt. 19-0.

L-F „ ^OJMVMD MOIN/ETWt. 21-2.

L-F „ ^0$MVND MONETAWt. 20-5.

[PI. II. 6.]

'fTORH->ALD MOhETWt. 18-7.

Type V. var. a.

•^SEOELVVLF REX I •i^OEEIDENTALlVMI

Wt. 200.

[PI. II. 7.]

Var. Pcllot opposite

each limb of

smaller cross.

Wt 20-2.

Type vi.

^E+)ELVVLF REX I t.DEIHEVH MONETAI

Wt. 23-3.

[PI. II. 8.]

Type vii.

^E-DELVVLF REX I fO^MVND MCNETAI

(Hlul<cli.)

[PI. IT. !».]

Eanwald.

Diar.

Herebeald.

Manna.

Osmund.

Torhtwald.

Xo Mone3'cr.

Deineali.

Osmund.

10 WE8SEX.

No.

AETHELWULF. 17

No.

18

AETHELWULF. 19

Reverse.

4<AEOELVVLF REXVar. Head iliadt-mcd.

Var. Head diademed.

^MAN-: \A\L MO N ETAWt. ^O'O.

^TIRVA LD MO N ETAWt. 22-7.

I-TORHT VLF MON ETAWt. 21-0.

»i«VERMV ND MON ETAWt. 20-7.

Type xviii.

4-AEOELVVL REX ^BRID TONETSWt. 21-4.

Muncj'cr.

i^SEOELVVLF REX ^VVILHESHVar. Tliree pellets

around central

letter.

Wt. 20-G.

[PI. III. 7.]

^f^lLHESH TOKETSVar. Tliree pellets

around central

letter.

Wt. 180.

Tijpe xix.

. . EDELVVLF [REX] I J-TT^N [NIN] C T(Fragment.)

[PI. III. 8.]

Type XX.

^AEOELYYLF REX I -i^DVN MONETA

Manna.

Tiruald.

Toilitulf.

Uerniund.

Brid.

Uuilhoah or

VVilheah.

[PI. III. 9.]

Type xxi.

^EOELVVLF REX I ^BEffCTVND

[PI. III. 10.]

•i'BEAQT'VND)> >)

)> »

Wt. 18-3.

Wt. 19 0.

Wt. 200.

JIaniiiuo.

Dun.

Beaf'niund,

4<BEA[L]T'VVND(IJrokon.)

20 WEflSEX.

80

87

88

89

90

EOELVVLF REX ^VVELMhEARP T\Vt. 19-7.

Type xxii.

4«SE€)ELYYLF REX I -J-OVN TONETA

[PI. III. 11.]

AVt. i:)0.

fSEDELYYLF REX I ^DYYN TONETffWt. 19-2.

Type xxiii.

•I<EOELYYLF REX I ^EOELHEREI

(Chiiii>od.)

rri. III. 12.]

^YYELHI-ESRDWt. 18-2.

Monpycr.

Uuulmhoard.

Dun.

ElSelherc.

ITuclhcard i>r

Uueliiiliciird.

AETHELBALD. •21

AETHELBALD.Succ. IN Wessex, a.d. 85G; in Kent, a.d. 858; died a.d. 860 or 8C1.

3Io7ieyers.

Beahmund. Tarhtulf.

Description of Coins.

No.

i2 WKH8EX.

AETIIELBEARHT.

Rice. IN Kent, fee* a.d. R^>H; in \Ve8hkx a.d. 801 ; mkk a.d. H(JG.

Moneij<ri<.

yT]1*icl-, nf-e KTiel-.

ISaill'IDIIIIll

UiiiltiioTi.

Ucainmind or lUiilinniml.

Iliiirniniid [or Uiarmio?>].

IManuiiiK;.

]{iirim.il<l.

Ciiil.iinl [Cealheard?].C( nrcd.

Ccuuoald.CuncfroTi [cf. Cynfrc^].Dialla.

Degliearht.

Oe-laf.

DtuciiHiud.

l)iarniod.

Eailulf.

Kaldred.Eicl^'oardEt^elhcre.

E?clui)>.

E?olr.iI.

E?elu.ald.Ebdulf.E?ered [= ESelred?].

II(;uJKarlit [ = IIercbtarlit ?].

Hen'l.fald.

HcTofn;?.Ill RKtard.H< rcinund.

Iluubearht.

Hunred.Lialjincpf.

Luecman or Lyccman ?

ManiDC [Manninc].NoTulf.

Osbearlit.

OsluTC.Sct'relS or Sclfrod.

SekTcd[= Selfred?].

Sii^clirrc.

Turlitimind.

Torhtulf.

Uerniunii?Uilitmund [Uiolitmund].rinu?> [Uiliio5?].

Ulaiiccard.

Uulfl.ear.l.

Uunhf-arlit or L'ynbcarht [cf.

Himboarht].Wilno't) [ = lino^'''].

Descriftion of Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Typp. i.

Bust r., liair unbound. Around, in- 1 Moneyer's name, &c., upon limbs andscrijition betwceu two circles, di- between angles of cross formed ofvided by bust.

|beaded lines.

[Cf. PI. IV. ].]

(Similar to Aethelwulf, Type xvii.)

Type ii.

Bust r.. diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, dividetl bybust.

Floriated cross with leaf in each anfjle.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. ri. IV. 2.]

• lu Kent, Es*ex, Surrey aud Su:>6ex.

AETIIELBEARHT. 23

Description of Coins.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type i.

•I<AE£)ELBE7\RF REX

y

10

11

12

13

It

15

I^BA DEM

>Wt. 20-2.

•i<B7^DEN OO MON E-T--A-

Wt. 18-2.

•I-BEACM VND MO NETAWt. 18-8.

•I^BEAHT VND TO N ETSWt. 22-8.

•I^BEAHM VND MO NETAWt. l'J-7.

-I-BIARNVI : OD MO:N E :-TA

Wt. 208.

i-BmRNV INE MO NETAWt. 18-4.

4<BVRNV ALD MO N ETADot in euc'h anisic of

cro!S8. (Cliippud.)

^EEALE ARD MO N ETAWt. 20-t).

I-EENR ED MO N ETAWt. 20-0.

•t'EENVE ALD TO N ETAWt. 281t.

•J-EVNEFR ED MO NETAWl. 18-0.

^EVNEFR ED MO NETAWt. 2 10.

4^DEAL: L?f MO NETAWt. VJG.

•fOECBEA RR- MO N ETAWt. 21G.

Moneytr.

BadLiiuiiiil.

BadeiiolS.

Bcaj^niiiiKl or

liciiiimuiul.

Biiirmno<l.

Binrnuino.

Btiiuuald.

Cealeard.

Ccnicd.

Cfuucald.

CllIlc|lo^.

Dcalla.

Dogbcarlit.

24

AETHELBEARHT. 25

No.

26 W'KSHKX.

Nu.

AETHELUEI) I. 27

AETHEIiRED I.

Slcc. in Wessex, a.d. 863; in Kent, a.d. SOU; uieu a.d. 871.

Moneyers.

Miel-, see E?d-. Ella.

Buorneah or Biarncah [Boornhae]. E?elrerl.

Beornhae [cf. Beuriieah]. Heahiiiod.

Biaromod. Herebeald.

Burg^no^. Hereulf.

Cu^belm. Hussa.Dealla. Liabiiic[g].

Deneuald. l.ulla.

Diarulf. Maiin.

Diga. IMaimiuc.

Diidda, Dudd. Oshere.

Dunn. Toilitmund.

Elbcre. Uuiiie.

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Type i.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided l>y

bust.

Moneyer's name, &c., in tliroc lines

across field ; upper and lower por-

tions enclosed in lunettes.

[Cf. PI. IV. 3.]

Type i.

Same. Similar: inscription diiidtd by tico

lines icith curved ends.

Type ii.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

Moneyer's name, «S:c., in four lines

acroos field, divided by three straiglit

lines ; the upper and lower ones

with curved ends.

[Cf. ri. IV. 4 ]

Type iii.

Facade of Cliristiau temple. Around,inscription.*

Cross crosslet, pellet in each angle.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. n. IV. 5.]

Type iii. var. a.

Fa9ade of Christian temple, &c., sameas the preceding but of rude work.

Cross pattee. pelkt iu each angle.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. ri. IV. 6.]

• Comp. " Xristiano Rcligio " coins of Charlemagne, Louis the Ptous, &c. The facade on Ihcsc

coins is piuliably that of St. T'eter's at Rouio.

•J8 WEHHEX.

Dehobiitiom ok COINH.

No. Moncycr.

Seuiich a. With Bcst.

Type i.

•i<AE+)ELRED RE-i^

REX

^EOELRED R EX

•i«7^EOELRED REX

10

11

^^EOELRED R EX

HhT^EDELRED REX

^TXEOELRED M REX

AOELERED REX

4«AE€)ELRED REX

HMOBIARNEANETA Wt. I'y5.

Var. HMOWt. 20-8.

Biarneah.

DMOBIARNVIONETA

DMOBIARNMONETA

liiariunfxJ.

Wt. I'J 5.

Wt. 190.

Var. DMO Wt. 200.

OD MOBIARNMNETA Wt. 19-4.

D MONBIARNVIOETA-.-

AETHELRED I. 29

No.

•M) WE88BX.

No.

^n

20

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

Obvrrae.

+AE+)ELRED REX

^AEOELRED „

i<AEOELRED REX

Rovcr»e. WowytT.

MONEOELRED

ETA

D MOEDELRENETA

LD MOl-EREBEANETA

MONHEREVLF

ETA

MONLIABINLETA

•M-^N.LVLLA:ETA-

MONMANNETA

. MON.MSNN•ETS-

[PI. IV. 3.]

\Vi. 17-7.

V,ir. MONWt. 20-3.

Wt 10-8.

VVt. 180.

AVt. 18-5.

Wt. 18-3.

Wt. 180.

Wt. 10-7.

Wt. 19-7.

HercbcuM.

Herenlf.

Liabinc.

LuUa.

Mann.

3i

35

36

37

Var. MONWt. 180.

Var. . MON .

ETAWt, 18-7.

Tor. : MON :•

•: ETA :•

Wt. ITS.

MONMANNINGETA Wt. 18-4.

Maniiinc.

AETIIELUEL) I. 31

No.

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

Obverse. Reverse.

'i'T^EOELRED REX

•^AEOELRE D REX

MONMANINCETA

MON05HERE

ETA

ND MOTORFTMVNETA

ND MTORHTMVONETA

.-.MON.VVlNEi-.-ETA-.-

Type ii.

: A :•

CVDHELMMONE

TA[PI. IV. 4.]

Wt. 20-5.

Var. MANINCWt. 20-2.

t'AEDELRED REX: A :•

TORHTMVKDMON

ET

Wt. lG-7.

Wt. 17-2.

Wt. 18-5.

Wt. 19-8.

Miiiipvcr.

Oshore.

Torlitimuid.

Wt. 200.

Wt. 180.

Fniiic.

Cu?.helm.

Toilitnnind

Series B. Withoit Bust.

Type iii.*

46 /EDELRE-D REX|XHEAHmOD MT Ilcalinind.

IWt. 21-5.

[I'l. IV. 5.]

47

Type iii. for. a.

^E-€)EL:R-ED- RE|+BE0RNHAE

[PI. IV. 0.]

Wt. 21 -G.

Beoruhae.

See Vol. I.i>. !)».

32 WEH8EX,

AELFRED.

Sicc. A.I). S7l ; HIED A.n. 'jOl.

Mmieycrs.

AImdcI.AdiK'iird [Kailuciinl V].

yKllHtim or Kirstiin (London).

yKlfwald or Klfuald.

^Criliif [or il':«iliilf ?] (Roieeng).

i'ET'cdntiiu or E?c'lstiin (( aiit( rlmry).

iE^crrd or Kl'cred (('iintcrburv;.

i5'>cl-, »*r nlno Ki"rl-.

Aluuiidii ? [AluiiiiM or Luda ?]

A7(diilf [= yErdulf].

IJi'agntan.

Bi'orniiuuT or Bourniiicr.

Bfornrcd or lifrnnd (Cauterlmnj).

Bercluild or Bcrntald [cf. Ikrnuald,&c.].

BerhtiTC.

Beriuald, Bcrnald, Birnuald, Hiiirn-

Uiild, Birnuald, BurnualdorByrn-uald, &r. (Canterbury, Oxford).

Biare?; [< r Biarnrtd ?j (Canterbury f ).

Jiiarnuulj.

Biarnrcd, Biornrcd (Canterbury).

Birnri'd [ = Birnrcd for Biarnrod, &c.].

Birued, (=<« Birnrod.

Boga.Bosa.Bri'fard.

Brnnod [for Biarnrcd?] (Canterbury;.

Buga [= Boga?].BurijTui'fi.

Bumhere or Byrnhcre.Bumelm or Byrnclni.

Cenred.

Cerman ? (Canterbury).Cialniod or Ciolmod [CiolnoT) ?].

Ciahilf or Cioluulf.

Circsriin or Hoirsirie?

CudU'rlit and Cu berbt.

Cuneulf or Cyneulf.Cui iiulf.

Dealine or Dealing.Dealla, Dela, \e.

Drigniund.l)iarald or Diaruald.Ditirhchtt.

Diarniund.Diaruald (Canterbury).Jfwld.

])>i(ii'icine.

Dudig.Duiiie for Duiiinc,

Dunna or Dunn.

Dunnine or Dunine (Cantirbury).Ktullifhn.

Eadslan.I'.aduald, Kadui aid, kc. (CaiiUrbury).Kad\ieard [i-f. AdueardJ.Kaduulf.Eaetati [= Eadstan].Ealduulf.

Eebcrlit.

Eeiiulf or Ecwulf.Edeulf [or Edwulf ?] (Canterbury).Eilelstan [= E<5el8tuu].

Elhi-n.

Elda.Elfstan (Canterbury).Elf-, ste also yElf-.

Eli (Batli).

Erieuuald.E' elhetih.

E? elmod.E^elmund,E^dred.El'eluine (Canterbury).E?.elulf.

E?el-, see also iE?el-.

ESered, see ^6ered.Ferlun ?

Fiih-ard.

Franhuld.Gni-uinc ?

Gelda.G«Wh-«Z/ [= Ciolwulf].Goda.Gu liere.

IlaMbert- [ = Bereliald or Btrehold].

Ileainilf (London)-Hi-beea ?

>leliean?

Hertliald.

Hirelxrt or Heribert (Lincoln).

Hereferd or HereferT* (Canterbury).Hereniod.Heremund.Hireuulf.Hunl>erlit..

lluutreS (Canterbury).Ida ?

ludclbard.

Eiabinr.

LiiijKuld.

Ludii or Lnde ILyde'].

AELFEED. 33

Ludeca or Liidig.

Lulla.

Luiihig.

Manninc.Moclf?Nebeca [Hebeca].Osgeard.

Oshcre.Osric.

Osuulf.

Reginrjfed [Iifging,vr'\.

Resaud ? (Canterbury).Sseris ?

Samson.Sefre«.

Sigcstef, Siestcf, &c.

Sigeuuald.

Simun.Stcfanus.

Tata.

Tidbald.Tilcfcin [Tileuinc?].

Tilouuine (London).Tikuoif [Tilouuine ?].

Tiruald or Tirueald (Canterbury).Torlitiiiund.

Uigbald or Uuigbald.Uuinc.Uuiniger, Uuinicr, &c.

Uulfard.

Uulfrcd or Uulfre^.Uuynberht or Wynbcrht.Wiard.

Description of Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type i.

Bust r , diadonicd. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

Moncyer's name, &c., in three lines,

across field ; upper and lower por-

tions enclosed in lunettes.

[Cf. PI. VI. 1-2.]

Same.

Type i. var. a.

I

Similar : lunettes broken in centre of

curve.

[Cf. PI. VI. H.]

Same

Type i. rar. h.

I

Similar: lunettes broken at tlio angles.

[Cf. PI. vr, 4.]

Same.

Type i. rar. c.

Similar: inscription divided l>y twolines with curved cnd.s.

[Cf. PI. vr. ).]

Typr ii.

Bust r., iliaileiiied. Around, inserip- I ]M(ineyer's name, itc, within and witli-

tiun, divided \>\ bust; inner circle.|

out leaves of quatri'roil ; over whicli,

I

cross paltce with circle in centre and

I

wedges in angles.

[Cf, PI. VI. 0.]

m WKHSKX.

Revene.

Type iii.

In»rn'])tvm nrruvynl to fnrm n rroRn;

in i(irh iinijle of rrfi^n, a rnitipnrt-

vnnt cimtdiiiinij ti trr/iril *]{ppcif, andill ri litre, H'liuire oimpartmriit cm-It tin iiuj circle.

Opin f/untrff(>il ornnmml trifh rpinlre-

fiiil ill raiilrc. ; h:nvin (xijiiih) in ruKpn ;

moiicyrr's mime, Ac, in cumpartmetd*

iif qu'itre/oil.

[Num. Climn , vol. v. |). 14.]

Type iv.

riii4 r., <1i(i(hmed. Around, iiiscni

tiiin hitirccn two circles, di tided hy

l,H^t.

ip-

ini

Tico rude figures (lifinan Emperrrrf.')

facimi ; gh})e hitween them; ahtire,

rude hiigt with icings (angel). Around,inscription.

[Montftgu Coll.]

Type V

Bust r., (liadcmod. Around, inscrip-

tion, divided by bust.

Sanio.

Same.

Cross pattec within lozenge, from eachangle of which issues a beadedstraight line extending to edge ofcoin and dividing moneyer's name,lie. ; crossbar at each angle oflozenge.

[Cf. PI. VI. 7.]

Type V. rar. a.

I

Similar : no crossbar at angles of

Ilozenge.

[Cf. PI. VI. 8]

Type V. rar. h.

I

Similar : limb of cross moline T* at

jeach side of lozenge.

[Cf. PI. VI. a]

* Coins (soliili) of this typo were first stnick hy Vnleniinian I. a.d. 364-375 (sec Vol. I. p. 2,

ri. la .iiiii -•">. The spr.iineii in Mr. Moiitaini's collection is uiiii|ue.

AELFRED. 35

Obverse. Reverse.

Type vi.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion.*

Name of mint in monngrnni fVvpv(Londonia) : ornaments in r^slj/field.

[Cf. PI. V. 2-6.]

Type vii.

Very rudo bust r. Around, moncyer's I Name of mint in monogram iVvrvname, I (Londonia) : ornaments in r^\lil

Ifield.

[Cf. n. V. 7.]

Type viii.

Rude bust r., diademed. Around,moneyer's name. (LincoUa) : ornaments in M^sT

field.

Name of mint in monogram(Linfield

[Cf. PI. IV. 14.]

Type ix.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion.

Name of mint in monogram |Vvr\(Londonia) between money- \y\j})er's name, &c., in two lines

across field : ornaments in field.

[Cf. PI. V. 8.]

Type X.

Small cross pntt^e. Around, inscrip-

tion in four divisions.

Name of mint in monogram {Londonia)between moneyer's name, Ac, iti ttrn

lines across field : small cross paU€ebefore arid after monogram.

[Num. Chron., 1870, PI. iv. 8]

Type xi.

Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-

tion in four divisions between twocircles.

Name of moneyer in monogram Parbetween name of mint (I, in- " B E-

coUa) in two lines across Held.

[Cf. PI. V. 1.]

• A Penny of this type, of barbarous fabric, with bust to left, was in tlie Murchison Collectii'n.

It is described in the Sale Catalogue, IH66, No. 189.

D 2

.'u; WE8HEX.

Ol»ver«e.Reverse.

'J'ljlii' xii-

\\un\ r Artniml, in-nriji Namn of mint in monosrrain ^t^(lioisong ?) Ixdwcen nionfjtT'H niiiiK-,

&c., in two lines acroaa field.

[Cf. n. V. 12]

Type xiii.

Small cross pattc'o. Around, namoa i In centre yj^. Around, name of St.

of kina and mint (Dorolicrnia) bo- Eadmund between two circles.

[Cf. ri. IV. 8.]

1 ween two circles.

Similar: name of kin^ only.

Type xiii. rar. a.

ISame.

[Cf. ri. VI. 10.]

Type xiv.

Small cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscrip- I IMoneycr's name, &c., in two lines

tion between two circles, generally across field : ornaments,

in three or four divisions.I

[Cf. PI. VI. 11-1.^).]

Tyjic XV.

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-

tion in three divisions and between

two circles.

IMoneyer's name, &c., in two lines

across field, divided by three crosses

patte'cs.

[Cf. PI. VI. lG-17.]

Type xvi.

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

V T at extremities of even-limlx>d

Ncross*: REX in .ingles

[Cf. PL VI. 18]

Type xvii.

Small cross patte'e. Around, names of

king and mint (Dorobemia) between

two circles.

Moneyer's name. See., in two lines

across field : ornament-.

[Cf. PI. IV. !»-ll.]

TyiK xviii.

Names of king and mint (Orsnaforda)

in three lines across iiehl : oina-

mints.

IMoneyer's name, Arc, in two linosacross fielil, divided by three crossespatte'os : ornaments.

[Cf. PI. V. 9-10.]

AELFRED. 37

Obverse. Reverse.

Tyjie xix.

Names of king ami mint (OrsnaforJa)in throe lint-a across field : orna-ments.

Monoyer's name, &c., in two linea

aeross licld, divided by long cross ontwo steps, sideways ; pellets in

angles of cross : oruameuts.*

[Cf. PI. V. 11.]

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip

tion.

Type XX.

"P limbs extended by beaded lines to

edge of coin dividing name of mint,

&c. ((.Ucawaceaster).

[Cf. PI. IV. 13.]

Tyjie xxi.

Name of king, &c., in four lines across I First three letters of mint (Exanccasterfield.

I

and Winccaster) in pale : ornaments.

[Cf. PI. IV. 12 and V. 13.]

Tyi^e xxii.

Name of king, &c., in four lines across I Name of moneyer, &c., in two lines

field.I

across field : in field, pellets.

[a. PI. V. 14-15.]

Ty2)e xxiii

Small cross patte'o. Around, inscrip

tion between two circles and fre

quently in three divisions.

Moneyer's name and mint (Ba'^an) in

two lines across field : ornaincnts.

[Cf. PI. IV. 7.]

* In the Cuerdale find was a Halfpenny of this type. It is a debased imitation, the cross havingno steps, and the legends being blundered. It is figured in the -Yum. Cliron. vol. v. p. li'2.

«8 WEHHKX.

Dewchiition ov Coins.

No. Obvorito.

AELFRED. 39

No.

40 WESSKX.

No.

AELFRED. 41

No.

42 WESaEX.

No.

AfiLFREt). 43

Ne.

44 WE8HEX.

No.

AELFRED. 45

No.

10 WESHEX.

Nil.

AELPRED.

Kcversf Moneyer.

84

85

8G

87

88

89

90

91

92

LONDONIA.[Londuu.]

Type vi.

>CrhRD REX [V- (N (LONDONIA).b^Viy relkts in O;

[ri. V. 2.]

/elfre::: D rex

/ELFR ED REX

/ELFR ED REX

"^ I) >> )>

/E „

above, • • • ; below,

Wt. 230.

Wt. 250.

Pellets in O

;

ftbove and on left,

pyramid of dots

;

below, cross pat-

te'e.

Wt. 23-4.

Pellets in O

;

above, cross pat-

te'c ; below, pyra-mid of dots ; onleft, -•

Wt. 23-8.

Wt. 25-5.

Pellets in O

;

above, cross pat-

tec ; below, pyra-

mid of dots.

Wt. 23-5.

Wt. 240.

Pellets in O

;

alx)vc, cross pat-

ttic ; below, ...

;

on left, • • •

Wt. 243.

One pellet only in

O ; alA)ve, cross

pattoe ; below, •!•

Wt. 250.

[PI. V. 3.]

No Moneyer.

48 W ESSEX.

No.

AELFRED. 49

Obverse. Reverse. Moneycr.

/EL.. . D REX

/ELFR I

ELFR... EX

ELFR E

ED RE-i*

ELFR +

.. FR

/ELFRED RE

LF IE

Fragments.

[PI. V. ;-).]

(LONDON I A) partly

seen.

Pellets in O ; alx)ve,

cross patte'e.

Below, cross patte'e.

Pellets in O; below,

No ornaments in

field.

Crossline of N runsupwards

; pellets

in O ; below,

cross patte'e.

Halfpennies.

m[PI. V. G.]

(LONDONIA).Pellets in O

;

above, cross pat-

te'e ; below, .-.;

on left •!

Wt. 8-0.

No pellets in O ; onleft, :•

Wt. 107.

Type vii.

"EROT ;• BOLT(Parbarou.^.)

(LONDONIA).\y\^ Above nn<l below, •'.

IWt. 22-2.

[PI. V 7.1

No Moneycr.

No jMoneycr.

Uncertain.

50 WK8HEX.

Ill

115

IIG

117

lis

ll'.t

120

Kcvcree.

TiJi,r' ix.

/ELFR:- !- ED RE AELF-i-

!

^TAN1

[PI. V. 8.]

\Vt. 22().

/ELFR-t- 4^ED REX

4-7\ELF RED REX

/ELF... . EX

|-£AE^ Vur. Aljove

IV)[^ J. monogram.

[yS^y cross puttue.

VVLF4-\Vt. 24 0.

TILEVINE

M0NETA

Jl....

(Fragment.)

Wt. 28-2.

Moneycr.

/Elfstftn.

Heauulf.

Tilouino.

•4-RSN7\/ELFREDF^o:RDA

•9-RSHAELFRED'I'F-4-RDA

•o:RSNA/EFRED>^F^b;RBA

ORSNAFORDA.[Oxford.]

Type xviii.

BERIV

ALDIO

[PI. Y. 9.']'

BERIVJ< ^ 4^

ALDM^.

BERII7Xi" "^ "^

TtLDMO

Wt. 22-0.

Wt. 22-5.

Wt. lS-3

Uncertain.

Boriuald(Bcmuald ?).

Bemald( = Bemuald).

AELFRED. 51

No.

52 WESSEX.

131

l.li

133

134

135

136

137

138

13!)

140

<i|)vor»e.

AELFKED. 53

Obverse.

•9-RcoHAELFRED.I<F-9-RDI

OVSII7SELFRID"^F-6)RD7^

:b::RSHAELFRED«i«F«:RDI

ORSNAELFREDFOR DA

•*RCV)HAELFRED^F-9-RDI

ORSNAELFREDFOR DA

•6-RSl/IA

ELFRED^F-»RDI

ilouej-er.

BERIIV•I* Hh ^ALDIIO

BERHV

ALDUO

BERIIVJ* !< ^ALDIIO

BERIIVi* ^ i*ALEDI

BERIV4« .J. ^ALEDIO

BERIIV^ ^ ^

ALRDIIO

BERIIV•^ 4^ 4^

ALRIIO

Wt. 20-7.

Wt. 22-5.

Wt. 20-4.

Wt. 22-1.

Wt. 22-0.

Wt. 20-0.

Wt. 20-9.

Blvndeuki) Pennies.

iwmiamd33FiaiA

OHiilAa3ydi3DhORDA

•o-ABIIA

XEFFREDFiZcollV

BERNV4^ ^ ^ALDNO

BI3FIIV

i* t' ^ALDMO

Ji ^ 4^

vrano

Bernuald.

Wt. 21-2.

Wt. 21-8.

Wt. 207.

54 WESSEX.

No.

AELFRED. 55

Obverse. Reverse.

PINCEASTER.[Wincliester.]

Type xxi.

156

157

4*;kelFREDREX SAXOMVM

^AEL[F]RED R[EX]SAX

[PL V. 13.]

Wt. 24-6.

(Fragment.)

Moneyer.

No Moneyer.

Series B. Without Name of Mint.

158

159

56 WKSflEX,

N...

IGO

IGI

1G2

16:5

lOi

165

166

167

168

169

IlcvcrHC.

Type i.

I-aelbred:-: rex

:••• REX

•i^AELBRED RE

REX

^AELFRED: REX

»i<AELBRED: REX

n ty

^ELFRED REX

•i^AEBBRED REX

• MJ^N-l-BO • SA :

• ETA-

AELFRED. 57

No.

58 WESSEX.

No.

178

i7y

ISO

181

182

183

184

185

186

Obverso.

AELBRED RE^*

Revenc.

MON4-DVINCETA .•

[I'l. VI. o.]

Wt. 15 5.

[Hh?^ELFRJED REX

T///)e ii.

[EO ERJ E • D M • [ONET|A

(Fragment.)

[PI. VI. 6.]

}<7\---ELFRED REX

Tyjye v.

I

4<DI AR MV NDVar. Ends of bead-

I

dl line floriated.

I Wt. 10-3.

[PI. VI. 7.]

^/ELFRE D REX $

D REX-:- S7\X

+7XELFRED REX SAX(Legend undivided.)

ELFRE D REX

. ED REX $AX(Legend undivided.)

D R

DVI/1 \A7\ -.- MOH ETAVar. Opiiosite each

side of lozenge, .-.

(Broken.^

EOLE M ETAVar. Oj)posite oneside of lozenge,

small cross.

(Fragment.)

LVL LA-.- MON ETAWt. 22-2.

^OT RH TM ViSDVar. Dot opposite

each side of lo-

zenge.Wt. 17-0.

LF MON ETVar. Cross opposite

each side of lo-

Moncyer.

Duinc(Duniuc?).

E«ered?

zenge.

(Fragment.)

LVV(Fragment.)

Diarmund.

Dunna.

E^elmod.

Lulls.

Torhtmund.

Uncertain.

Uncertain.

AELFRED. 59

No.

60 we8sp:x.

No.

AELFRED. 61

No.

62 WESSEX.

No.

'217

218

21'>

220

221

222

223

224

225

22(;

Obverse. RcvcrM.

-hr-L FH ED RE

4^EL FRED RE

I-EL FR ED RE

^ „ „ „ „

AEL FRE DREX

7\EL .,

TlfEL FRE DREX-:

BVGn

MON

BHNH

ERE

BVRN

EREA

BVRN

ELM-t-

BVRH

ELM4<

Wt. 24-4.

Var. Oriia-

mintn, •'. '.-

Wt. 240.

Wt. 24 0.

Wt. 260.

Wt. 24 4.

Wt. 20-5.

Wt. 2H-5.

Wt. 240.

V(tr. Oina-ment.-',

Wt. 24-4.

[PI. VI. 11.]

228

Z(EL FRE DREX

EL FR ED REX

+/EL FR ED RE

BVRN

AELFKED. 63

No.

64

AELFRED. 65

No.

m WEHSEX.

No

AELFRED. (J7

No.

08 NVKSSEX.

No.

AELFRED. 60

No.

7U WRRHKX.

No.

811

'Mb

SIG

817

81»

319

320

821

322

323

Obrenw.

+EL FR ED RE

HhAE LFR ED RE

4<EL FR ED RE

ReverM. Moncyer

4«EL ER ED REX

4«AE LFR EDR E

^EL FR ED RE

>> >> »>

•i«REFDiiRHAED RE'

^EL FR ED RE

EOELV

HEM*

EOELV

LFM*

Wt. 21-2.

Wt. 21-3.

E«i-lalf.

Var. Oriia-

inoutH,

Wt 22-7.

Wt. 21-5.

EDERE

DlM)<l/l

EOER

EDM*

EOERE

DM+ N

EBRVE

EBM*

FER

LVN

Wt. 220.

\Vt. 22-5.

Wt. 23 4.

AVt. 23-7.

Wt. 20-5.

AVt. 200.

E^ered.

Ferlun ?

AELFRED. 71

No.

321

325

32G

327

328

320

330

331

332

333

3;ii

Obverse.

^EL FR ED RE

^ „ ,. » „

^ ., » „ „

^[EL FR]„ „

EL XH RE ED

4^EL FR ED RE

^EL FR ED RE

fEL FR ED RE

3f\Q3 f\3 J3J{

WESSRX.

N...

HS/i

!t3);

837

338

339

310

341

312

343

314

315

31G

()l)vcriic.

XEL FR ED RE

Hh ..

^ELX,.

><EL „ „ „

4<ELF RED RE-:-

><EL FR ED RE

«i«EL FR ED RE

^E LF RE DRE

•l-AID ID D RE

•I-EL ED ED RE

AELFRED. 73

No.

71 WE88EX.

Ni..

X)'.)

•MO

;jGi

30li

•M:i

3G1

365

30(3

3G7

3G8

3G'J

370

Obverse.

EL FR ED REX

ELFRED REX 5

J<EL ER ED RE

^'EL FR ED RE

EL FR ED RE

,, ,, „ REX

•JhEL FR ED RE

EL FR ED REX

» » )» »

RcVCfHC. Monoyer.

LVDIC

LVDIC

MON

• R7\V

05VV

LFMO

05VVL

FMOM

o$vv

FMON

OiVVL

FMOUE

S/ERIS

IHIVI

ZILE

VVSLD

SI M VN

MEFEt-

[I'l. VI 13.1

Wt. 24 0.

\Vt. 180.

LVLLA

MOMET Wt. 20 7.

AA0EL

IHOINrWt. 12 8.

Wt. 20-8.

Wt. 23-2.

AVt. 23- 1.

Wt. 230.

Wt. 23-9.

Wt. 20-2.

Wt. 22-5.

Wt. 20 0.

Lulla.

Moelf?

Uncertain.

Osuulf.

Saaris?

Sigcuuald.

Simun.

AELFRED. 75

No. Reverse. Moncyer.

371

372

373

374

375

370

377

37S

379

380

381

382

EL FR ED RE

^EL FR ED RE

% „ „ „ „

ELFRE DR EX

EL ER ED REX

I-EL FR ED RE

ztf:-

AMVS

tile:-

VOIE

TILE :

vvine;-

TILE •

VVNE

TILE

VVNE

Var. Four pellets

aiouud cross.

AELFRED RE

"t-EL FR ED REX

Wt. 19-4.

Wt. 19-3.

Wt. 21 0.

Wt. 23 •->.

Wt. 25-0.

Wt. IOC.

Stefuuus.

Til. uoie

(Tileuuine ?).

Tileuuiiic.

TILE-.-

76

No.

883

asi

:{85

3SG

387

388

389

3U0

301

392

393

Olivcrsc.

4.EL FR ED RE

+ ..

4* ,

+EL ER E[D] RE

+EL FR ED RE

^ „

>> >i >>

EL FR ED RE

^ „

4-ELFRED RE

WESSKX.

AELFRED.

No.

78 WE88EX.

No.

400

•J07

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

ObvcMc.

Hh/EL FR ED RE

/EL .-.FRE DRE

/EL FRE DRE

/EL FRE-.- DRE

I-AE LFR EDR E

J^/EL FR ED RE

i«REIH^m EXI

•i«EL FR ED RE

^EL FR EDRE

•i'EL FR ED RE

I-/EL F REDRE

Rcvcnie.

VVLF

RED^J*

VVLF

RED-.-

VVLF

RED

Wt. 230.

Wt. 23 7.

Wt. 24 0.

Var. Oina- . . .

mcnts,

Wt. 23 6.

VVLF

REDM

^JVV

Wt. 23-2.

Wt. 22-8.

Moni-yer.

VVLF

RIEDI^

AELFRED.

So.

80 WERBKX.

No.

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

43G

437

438

Obrewe. Rcvcnto. Moncycr.

Fhagmenth oil IlAI.I-ri:NNIE8.

L FR ED. . VRNV

MX

^'EL

. . . FR ED . .

4-. . . . ED RE

D RE

T^EL .. .. REX

ERHT[PI. VI. 14]

RHT

DVDIG

!

-^

j

COD

1 VVLF

Halfpennies.

4-EL • RF • DRE •

.\AR\B

"IQM-f

[PI. VI. 15.]

^/ELFR ED HE

ELF FD REX

^•ELFBDENAba(Inscription reatlinj:

ritrlit to kit, from

luluw.)

^/ELFRFDEE

EVDB

ERHT

laVD

Tiaa

DRVI

ADII-f

EADV

VT^LD

Byrnuald ?

Cudberht?

Dudig.

God a.

Uulfred ?

Bimuald ?

Wt. 100.

Cudberht.

Wt. 9-5.

Wt. 7-4.

Wt. 9 0.

Wt 7-7.

Unrortaiu.

Eailuuald.

AELFRED. 81

No.

82 WESSEX.

No.

( «3 )

EADWEARD THE ELDER.

SCCC. AD. 901 ; DIED A.D. 925.

Moneyers.

Abba.AdalberJit.

Adualcl.

iE^elfred ?

^iehed.JE^elstan, Eielstan, &c.

JSScluuine.^^eluulf, AiehiJf, &c.

^8el-, see also ESel-.

.^Sered [iE«elred ?].

Agnes.Alhstan or Ealbstan.

A«ulf.Badda.Beahstan.Beamed [= Bcornred ?].

Beornere.Beomfert.Beornred or Biornred.

Beornuuald, Bermiuald, or Biuinuuald,&c.

Beornuidf.Berlitred.

Berngar.Biorhald [Biornald? = Bt'orniaudd?'}.

Biornard, Byrnard, &c. [= Beornrod ?].

Biornhelm [= Byrnelin].

Boiga, Boga, &c.

Brece or Brege.Briht {London).BryMwald.Buga [cf. Boiga].

Burden ?

Bumelm or Byrnelm.Cenhriht.

Ciolulf.

Clip.

Cudberbt.

Cutfer^ ?

Crjnestan.

Deora, Diora {^Deoramod ?]

Dcorniod, Deoramod.Deornrtd [= Beornred?].Deoruuald.Dryhtwald [= Bryhtwald?'].

Dudig.Durlac, see purhtc.

Eadered or Eadfrcd ?

Eadhelm.Eadmuiul.

Eaduuald.Ealbstan.

Eardwulf.Eared [Eadred ?].

Earnicidf.

Earward.EaiL-idf.

Eclaf or Ellaf?Edelgar.Eicmimd, Eignmnd.Eofrmund.Et'ile.

E^elwulf [see iE«cluulf],

Faniien.Framuuis.FrioUdf.Fri^.

Fri^eberbt, FriMberhf, &c.

Gaeald ?

Gareard.

Garulf.

Grimwald.Gundherlit.

Gunne.Gtinter.

Hadebald or Ha^ebahl.Heardber.Herebald.

Heremfretia ?

H( rcmod.He^ul?IIItnfred.Hunlaf.Igereii.

lofermimd.Irfara.

lua.

Landc-B ?

Lanfcr.Lioflielm.

Magiiard.

Mann.Marbert.

Odn.

Onlulf.

Oslac.

Osulf.

7Vj.>i/or.

ritit.

Rrogenulf.

liiunard, liinard, Sec.

84 WE88EX.

Itiornhed ? [or Riomred f].

Hiplirnnd.

Sip-t.

iSim/«[rt/<Z ?].

Stear.

Tilii [or Tisa"], see Etilc.

Turhthdm.Twin.lUf.

Uiiak'inan ( 11 alhnan).

Uuarmor.Uuealdhclm.

Utwfred [Uun/rcdy}.Uil/rf'd

•>

Uuilhif\_UyUa'].

Uulf-^'iir.

Uulfli.jard [Uulfanl].

IJulfrcd.

Unl/nlge.

Uvid)crht or Wynbcrbt.\Valt<rc.

Wan'mcr [= Uuarmcr].Wujhard.^\' ill' gear.

purlac.

Description of Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type

Name of king, &c., in four lines across

field.

First three letters of mint across field ;

above and below, ornaments.

[Cf. PI. VII. 1.]

Type ii.

Small cross pattc'c. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines

across field ; crosses, pellets, i'c,

Bymmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. VII. 2-5.]

Type iii.

Bust, 1., generally diademed. Around,

inficription between two circles.

Moneyer's name, tSrc, in two lines

across field ; crosses, pellets, &c.,

symmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. VII. 6-9.]

Type iv.

Rude bust, r. Around, inscription

U'tween two circles.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two linesacross field; crosses, pellets, &c.symmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. VII. 10, 11.]

EADWEARD THE ELDER. 85

Obverse.

Type V.

Small cross 2Mtt^e within circle. Around, I Moneyer's name across field, divided by

inscription. saltire formed of rosette and four bn rs

Ipomm^s ; above and below, cross patte'e.

[Trans. Chester Arch. Soc., 1864.]

Type vi.

Rosette icithin circle. Around, inscrip-

tion.

Moneyer's name, dec., in two lines across

field, divided by pellet between two

rosettes of dots ; above and below,

curved lines pommes, enclosing pellets.

[Trans. Chester Arch. Soc., 186i.]

Type vii.

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip- I Moncyer's name, &c., across .ficlJ and

tion butweeu two circles. |between two lines.

[Cf. PI. VII. 12.]

Same.

Type vii. var. a.

I Similar ; no lines above ami below

Imuneyor'd name.

[Cf. PI. VII. 13.]

Small cross patteo. Around, in.scrip

tion between two circles.

Type viii.

Moncyer's name across field ; abovoami beluw, star of eight rays pom-mes.

[Cf. ri. VIII 1]

8(1 WESSEX.

Obvcrao. Reverse.

Hniall croHB imlU-c. Around, inacrip

liou botwutn two circles.

Type ix.

MoDcyer'a nnmfi, &c., acroBS field, Bur-

uiounted or ilividtd by floral de-

sign.

[Cf. ri. VIII. 2-9.]

Type

l^mnU crosf patt&. Around, inKcrlption

Wtiveen tiro circles : border of dots.

Moneyer^a name across field; above bird

l,feeding fn/m branch (Dove and olive

brunch) ; below, '": border of dots.

[Riul. n. 16, 7 and 16.]

Type xi.

Small cross pattoc. Around, inscrip- I Hand of Providence from clouds;

I

moneyer's name, &c., in field.tion between two circles.

[Cf. PI. Till. 10-12]

Type xii.

Small cross pattc'o. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines

across field, divided by building(fa9ade of church?).*

[Cf. PI. VIII. 13, 14]

Type xiii.

Small cross pattoe. Around, inscrip

tion between two circles.

Moneyer's name, &c., across field

;

above, lino, on w^hich church ; be-

low, cross patte'e.

[Cf. PI. VIII. 15.]

Type xiv.

Rose formed by cross pomme'e with i Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines

Voided centre over cross moline. across field ; cross, voided in centre,

Aruuiul, inscription between two ' between two circles dividing legend

;

circles. above and below, A.

[Cf. PI. VIII. 16]

• This fafade much resembles the type of the Prsetorian Gate on coins of Constantine the Great

and hie successors.

EADWEARD THE ELDER. 87

Description op Coins.

No.

88 WESSEX.

No. ObvcfBC.

10

11

12

13

14

15

IG

17

•pEADVVEARD REX

^E«DVVEZ[RD „

HhETXDVVET^RD „

^EADVVEARD „

E7\DVVE7\RD REX

«5<E7SDVVEXCRD REX

I<E7\DVVE7XRD REX

» >)

EZfDVVEARD REX

'i'EADVVEARD REX

AOEL+|h ^ .f.

VLFMO

TJOEL't'

^ ^ ^VLFM"©

AEBEL*A^ *A^ *i*

VVLFMO

/ECER•^ ^ ^

EDM~0>^

/E€)ER^ ^ ^EDMO>i<

/EOER^ ^ ^EDMO

/EOER

EDMO

/EOER

EDMO

BEAHX4^ >!-< iXi

TANMO

Wt. 21-5.

Vit. 24 7.

Wt. 27-4.

"\Vt. 24 2.

Wt. 24-5.

Moii'-yr.

iE«cluulf.

Miered.

[PI. VII, 2.J

Wt.

EADWEAED THE ELDEE. 89

No.

90 WESSEX.

No.

EADWEARD THE ELDER. 91

No.

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Obverse.

^EADWEARD RE^

"I'EADVVEARD REX

"^EX^DVVETJRD REX

^EADWEARD REX

^ETXDVVEARD REX-

EZtDVVETXRD REX

Reverse.

02 WESSEX.

No.

EADWEARD THE ELDER. 93

No.

94 WE88EX.

No.

EADWEAED THE ELDER. 95

75

7G

77

78

79

80

81

8'2

«i<EADVVEARD RX

Reverse.

BIORW^ 1^ .J.

VLDUO

[PI. VII. 6.]

Wt. 19 3.

•i^EADVVESRD REX

I^EADVVEARD REX

»i<EADVVEARD REX

CVDB* • *ERNT^

DVDIG

MONE

DVDIC4* !< "^

MON •

.'. <i* •

ealh's4* ^ 4"

TANMO

Biornuuald.

[PI. VII. 7.]

i«EADVVEARD REX

Wt. 25-7.

Wt. 2t-3.

(Double struck.)

(Broken.)

Wt. 25-4.

^3flaflA3VVaA3>i<

^EADVVEARD REX

.'. 4< .'.

FRAMVJ* 4* I'VISM-O

viiAflk'

•J" ^ •t'

OIISIV

DAREJ, ^ 4,

ARDM"0

GRIMP•^ •!• 4^

ALDM'O

Wt. 24-8.

Wt. 27-7.

Wt. 23 4.

Wt. 24-5.

Cudberht.

Dudig.

Ealhstan.

Frnmuuia.

Qaroard.

Grimwftld.

on WESSEX.

No.

EADWEARD THE ELDER. 97

No.

98 WEBSEX.

No.

EADWEAED THE ELDER, 99

No.

105

Obverse.

"J-EADVVEARD REX

106

107

108

109

110

111

Reverse.

OiVLF Above and below,

curved branchesforming 3.

Wt. 24-6.

[PI. VIII. 9.]

Type xi.

»i<EADVVEARD REX AL HJ Var. Hand open,TA N witli crucilbrm• MO nimbus.

Wt. 21-8.

[PI. Vm. 10.]

R REX A Q Var. Hand open,L vfithout nimbus.

V FZ

[PI. VIII. 11.]

wt. 24-4.

D X Var. Hand givingDE or benediction (La-MO DM tin—third and

»i< fourth fingers

closed).

Wt. 240.[PI. VIII. 12.]

Type xii.

EA DVm ND

•i^EADVVEARD REX

[PI. VIII. 13.]

•i«EADVVEARD • REX IR FARA MO

[PI. VIII. 14.]

'Type xiii.

•i^EADVVEARD REX VVLFLAR

[PI. VIII If).]

Wt. 251!.

Wt. 18 4.

Wt. 24 C.

Monevcr.

Osulf.

Alhstan(Ealhfitan).

A«ulf.

Deormod.

Eadmund.

Irfara.

I'^ulfgnr.

II 2

100 WE8HEX.

No.

( 101 )

AETHELSTAN.Succ. A.D. 925; died a.d. 9i0 or 941.

Moneyers.

Abba [= Abun ?] (Chester).

Abonel (Hertford, Muldon).Abun (Exeter).

Adelbert ( York).

Mlfno-f>.

Alfred (Wareham).JElfric or Elfric (Canterbury).uElfntan (I.ondf.n).

^Ifwald (London).

Mlfwine (Chester).

MU-, see also Elf-.

jE^elberM.jESclfcrS (Canterbury).

^^elra [.^ helmed?] (Winclioster).

JBSelmod [ASclmod].Jb'iehioTS or E«elnoT> (Derby, Notting-

ham).JE^elred (York).

JE^elsige (Cwderhury).JE^elstan [yE^elstaii].

iESelwold [cf. Ha«elwold] (Glou-cester).

JE^elicine (Shaftesbury).

JE^cl-, see also AiSel-.

JHiered (Chester, London).Alet.

Alfeah.Alhstan.

Amclric (Winchester).

Arc [Ere ?].

Arnulf, Arnalf, &c. (York).

Asalf or Asulf.

Aielm [A<5elraod or A<5elmund]

( WalUmjford).A^elmodA^elmund.A^elwold.

A^elwnlf ( Winrlirster).

A«el-, see also vESel.

A^ulf ( Winchester).

Balilric.

Ihdd trine.

Barbo (Norwich).Bardel or Burdcl (Norwich).

Barifer^ \_l>(irnj'erd !'].

Beahrcd or Ih-anred (London).Belcja or Brlfje.

Beorard [cf. Beorncard] (Chester).

Beorhtidf or Biorhtulf (Batli, Dart-mouth').

Bconiwald and Byrnwald (Walling-ford, Warchani).

Berhtelm [Berhtliel] Byrhthehn, &c.(Langport, Siirewslmry).

Bernard [cf. Beorneard].Bernere.

Btrngar.

Biorhtric.

Biorhtivald [= Bryhtuald].Biorneard, Biarnmrd, &c. (London).Boiga or Boigalet (Chester, Derby).Brylituald.

Burhtehn [cf. Berhtelm] (Ward-borough).

Burdel [= Bardel?} (Norwich).Burneld.Burnhelm.Bus?Byrhtehn, see Bcrlitelm.Byruwald (AValliugford).

Cenapa or Cnapa (Chester).Cenherht or Enberht (Shrewsbury).Cialelm.

Clac.

Clad?CnaTi ? (Chester).

Credard.Cristign.

Cugeli ?

Cugem ?

Cunidf.

Cyneivald.

Begn.Deorerd (Chester).

Dcorulf or Diorulf (Chester).Deoruuidd, Diarnwdd, lic.

Domences, Dominic, &c. [ = DominicuslBorlfe?Drylituald [= Bryhtuald?].Duriaiit.

Eadgar (Norn-irk).

Eadqild (dniferhury).Eadiaf or Eadiilf (Chester).Eadmund or Edmund ((Jln:ator,Sknu-s-

bury).

Eadric (Lewes ?).

Eadstun.Eadulf.Ealkst,in.

Eardulf (Oxford, Stafford).Enrnnlf.Eel H Tilt (York).Ecgkcrd (Sh rtwsbury).Eclaf or Ellaf (London).

102 WESSEX.

E<lr<<l [Fadrod] (Shrowsbury).

Klranl (("I.ihI.t).

Kifillxrhl V lluigilbcrhl ?].

Phnnrd.Ele? (^Lnmlon).

Elfric, «ee MUrio.Elfwie.

Elf-, »ev ftlHo MM:Elhif, i>.'e Ei'liif.

J^iiqiUHrht, luiiplberht, &c.

Euferimmd, E/ermund, &c. (Shrews-bury).

Eranl [= Efmrd ?] (Chester).

Ere (London).

.Brjc.

Etram {Canti^hury).

E?>el-, «ee ^Xcl-, or A^el-.

Faicle [Pawlo?] (London)Folcred.

Fram.Fmrd [= Efrard] (Chester).

Fre^<ird.

Fri^ehriht.

Frotgcr, Frofger (Shrewsbury).Frotierm ?

Fugel.Fulrad.Gareard (London).

Garidf.Genard [= Conard?] (Exeter).

Giencea ?

Giongbald (Norwich).GislGislemer.Gota.

Grimicald {London).H.rgenrede (Derbij).

Hargi'r [= Hcrigar?].

Ua^elberht [JETSelberht?}.

Ha>olwold [^Selwold?].Hcldalt (York).

Herebtar?Horntod.ILni<'(r>ath).

lUdulf lllildulf].

Hrodear [= HroSgar] (Norwich).Hiiugar.

Hunlif (Hereford).

Hunric.Igere or Here (London).Jlde})erht.

Inga.

higellwrld.

Ingelric (Oxford).

lohann.

Ismll= Snel?].

Landac?Lei\tric ( Wincliester).

Liting, i/()i*/;ij7, &c. (Xoncich).Liofliehn (Lomlon).Litihuan (London).

Mn^ldomon (ChoBtcr).

Miurtcn (Chester).

Magnard.Mali.Manna, Manne, Man, &c. (Canterbury,

London, Norwich, Tamworth).Manninc.Mantian (Norwich).M(Cf-ehr<,hl7 [= IlaTSelwold or Mf>ii\-

woldV](Oj/orr/).

MegenfreiS (Canterbury).

Megrt'd (Chester).

Mon«ign [Mon pegn ?] (Warwick).No?ier.

Nybahl (Shrewsbury).

Oda or Odo.

Oslac [= Oslaf ?] (Chester).

Oslaf, Osulf (Chester).

Oswart.Otic (Wincheeter).

raid, Panics or Paulus (Chester).

Pitit.

IlngenaJd, Regnald, &c. (Exeter,YoTk).

lljcgcnulf and Rsenulf (Chester, TT'in-

chester).

Begengrim.Begenicard (Oxford).Kcgnald, see Exgencdd.Bcinere.

Benard or Binard (Exeter).

Binkdd [= Regnald?).Boghard.Rotborht (York).

Salces ? (Chester).

Sandae, see Landac.S>gar\_es'}, Sihares (Derby).

Sigebrand.Sigedrald ?

Sigefer?) (Chester).

Sigeland (Exeter, Oxford).Sigeicidf.

Sigfold[es].

Siuard [=Siward] (York).

Smahi.Snel (CItester).Sota.

Sprone ne.

Stefan us.

Steland.

Tidgar, Tidger, &c. (Chester).Tda.Tiotes or Totes (Chester).

Torhthehn (Canterbury).Turstan, see JTnrstan.

Uuealdhelm.Uuilluf or UuiUaf (Shrewsbury).Unilric.

Uulfgar (Chester).

Uulfhoard (Winchester).Uulfsig or Uulfsige.Uulfstau or Wulfetan (Chester)

AETHELSTAN. 103

Uuynelm (Oxford).Uuynsige (Langport).TPdelric {Oxford).Welnberht.

Wiard (aiester).

Wihtemund, Wimund, &c. (Stafford).

Wilebald.

Wilne.

Winele.Witil.

Wulfhelm (London).Wul/man or Uulfnuin.Wyltsig.purine.

purstan {Lincoln).

Description of Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type L

Small cross pattee. Around, inscription

between two circles.

Moneyer'e name, &c., in two lines

across field ; crosses, pellets, &c.,

symmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. X. 5-6.]

Type ii.

Star of six points, between two pellets.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines

across field; crosses, pellets, &c.,

symmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. n. X. 7.]

Type iii.

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Moneyer's name in two lines across

field ; three pellets between ; aboveand below, floral ornament.

[Cf. PI. X. 8.]

Type iv.

Small cross pattee. Around, inscription

between two circles.

Straight line dividing field ; alwvo,building (church ?) ; moneyer's name,&c., above and below or wholly Ixlowthe lino.

[Cf. PI. IX. 2 & X. 9.]

Type V.

Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip- I Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.I

tiun between two circles.

[Cf. PI. IX. 1.]

Same.

Same.

Type V. var. a.

Small cross patt(fo surrounded by fourpellets. Around, inBcrii)tion be-tween two circles.

[Cf. PI. IX. 3.]

Type V. var. h.

I Cross pattee voided. Around, inecrip-

I

lidu between (w.n-iri-bs

[Cr. I'l. IX. II.]

104 WESSEX.

Obvene. Beverae.

Sumo.

Type V. var. c.

I

lUiHf'tto of (lots. Around, inacription

I

lK;t\vccn two circlcB.

[Cf. ri. IX. S.]

Type vi.

KoHcttc of (Idts. Around, inscription I Kosetto of dote. Around, inscription

between two circke. |between two circles.

[Cf. n. IX. 9.]

Same.

Type vi. var. a.

I

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-

I

tion between two circles.

[Cf. PI. IX. 10.]

Type vii.

Bust r., diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines

across field ; crosses, pellets, &c.,

symmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. X. 10.]

Type viii.

Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross pattce. Around, inscription

between two circles, divided by bust. | between two circles.

[Cf. PI. IX. 13 & X. 2, 3, &c.]

Type ix.

Bu.'^t r., crowned. Around, inscription I Smnll cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscription

between two circles. between two circles.

[Cf. PI. X. 4.]

Type X.

Bust r., in hisb relief, with traces of

crown. Around, inscrijition Ix'twcen

two circles, divided by bust.

[Cf. PI. IX. 4.]

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscription

between two circles.

Same, but bust 1.

Type X. var. a.

I

Same.

[Cf. PI. IX. 5.]

Type xi

Bust r., in biph relief, with traces of

crown. Around, inscription betweentwo circles, divided by bust.

[Cf. PI. IX G.]

Cross crosslet. Around, inscription

between two circles.

AETHELSTAN. 105

Obverse.

Type xii

Bust r., hclmcted and crowned. Around,inscription between two circles, di-

vided by bust.

[Cf. PI. X. 13.]

Cross crosslet. Around, inscription

between two circles.

Type xiii.

Head r., liclincttd and crowned.Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. PI. X. H.]

Cross crosslet. Around, inscriptionbetween two circles.

Descbiption op Coins.

No.

106 WE88EX.

No.

AETHELSTAN. 107

No.

108 WESSEX.

No.

AETHELSTAN. 109

Obverse.

»i«/EBELS-TAN RE»^TO BR

•i</EBELSTAH REX TOBRT

i^/EBELSTAN RE-i^ TOBR

•I</EBELSTAN RE4< TOBRT

Var. Aunukt oncither side of

cross patte'e.

BR

BRT

/EBELSTAH RE^ TOBRIE

p/EBELSTAN RE«iH TOBR

/E&EL$TAN RE>1< TOBRIE

>i«EBEL$TAN RE>^ TOBR

«i</E&EL5TAN RE^ TOBRT

/EBEL5TAN RE«I< TOBR!

Reverse.

•J-EADMVND MO LEDCF:

Wt. 24-4.

•i-EADMVMD M-O LEGEWt. 23-7.

I^EFRARD fyrO LED CFWt. 25-4.

•I<M/ERTENE MO LEDEEF

Wt. 24-8.

«I<0$LFE MO LEDE CIFWt. 25-2.

^PAVLES M^O LEDECIF4<

Wt. 24-2.

^PAVLESM'O LEID EF(Chipped.)

^R/ENVLFM'O LED CFWt. 240.

-i'SIDEFERB MOHlEDE EFWt. 2(J-5.

P'SIDFERB MO LEDECFI

Wt. 24-2.

«i«TIDDER MO IN LEDEEFI"!*

Wt. 24(J.

I-VVLFDAR MONLEDCEWt. 25-6.

tVVLF^TAN M~0 LEDEWt. 21G.

-^PLFSTAN M~0 LEDCWt. 24t).

Sfonej-er.

Type V. var. c.

/EBEL$TAN RE TO I I-ABBA MO IN LEDE CFEBLXE I Wt. 2:t G.

[PI. IX. 8.]

Eadmund.

Efrard,

Marten.

Oslaf or

Osulf.

Paul(c3).

Rwnulf.

Si<rcfer'8.

Tidgar.

Uulfgar.

Uiilfstaii or

Wulfbtiin.

AblKl.

no WESSEX.

No.

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

Obvorsc. lI.viTH".

/E&ELSTAN RE'h TO I ^OSLAC MON LEIEC^BR I Wt. 24-4.

Tijiyi vi.

^/EBEL-ST-AN RE-hTO BR

Var. Above rosette, co.

I-BE-OR-ARD MONLEIE EFAVt. 24-5.

[PI. IX. 9.]

*/EBEL$TAN REX TOBR

i</EBELSTAN RE-J^ TOBRI

BR

/EBELSTAN TEX TOBRI

i</EBELSTAN RE* TOBR

^/EBELSTVN TE* TOBr

i-/E&EL'STAN RE^'TO BR

^EBELSTAN REX TOBR

4«/EBELSTAN RE* TOBR

*DEORVLF MOI LEIDCVar. To loft of

rosette, tmnulet.

Wt. 23-5.

*E-ADMVND MONLEIE •

Wt. 23-6.

•i-EFRARD MON LELEEWt. 25-2.

*FRARD M~0 LEIDECIF

Wt. 23-4.

*M/ELDOMEN MOLELC

Wt. 24-4.

*MELRED MON LEDICF

Wt. 23-8.

*OSLAC MON LECEEWt. 24-6.

•i«PAVLES MOI LEICCWt. 23-3.

*TIDL7XR MON LEG EFWt. 24-8.

*TIDLER MONETLEIE CFWt. 24-3.

* • VVLFLAR MON •

LEIE-Wt. 24-0.

*VVLFSTAN M-OLEICC

Wt. 250.

Oelac.

Bcornrd.

Doorulf.

Eadmuud.

Efrard.

MfeldomeQ.

Megred.

Oslac.

Paul(ea).

Tidgar.

UtdfgM

Uulfstan.

Struck ou a coiu of AelfrcU ?

AETHELSTAN. Ill

Xo.

112 WESSEX.

No.

AETHELSTAN. 113

Type viii.

«J</E€)ELST7XN REX ^VVYNELM-M-0-OX-VRBIS

Var. Four jHllets

in field opposite

each end of cross.

Wt. 240.[PI. IX. 13.]

SCROBBESBYRIG.[Shrewsbury.]

Monovor.

Uuynelm.

Type V.

}<E€)ELSTAN REX TOBRIT

^BERHTELM SCROBWt. 2i-3.

•i^BERHTEL M"©BRIT SER0B

Wt. 23-8.

[PI. IX. 14.]

Type vi

EELZTAN RE^ TO B&

^/EO- EL -STAN REXT0 B

•^ECELSTAN-RE'I- TOBRIT

•tEDRED hrO SEBOBWt. 20-4.

«^E-0-FERMVND MSEROBWt. 24-8.

^FROTCER MO XCROBWt. 250.

SNOTINGAHAM.[Nottingham.]

Type V.

•I'EDEESTAN RESA^ORVM

HhEBELNOB ONSNKTENCEHAM

Wt. 22 7.

[PI. X. 1.]

Berhtelm.

Edred.

Eofermuud.

Frotprer.

Erclno*.

114 WESSEX.

No.

85

86

87

88

89

Moncycr.

P/ERINCPIC.

[Warwick.]

Type V. va r. c.

p/EBELSTAH REXTOI BR

^mO\AB\L\A MOH VERIVar. On r. of ro-

sette, 8.

\Vt. 22-7.

PELINGAFORD.[Wallingfurd.]

Type viii.

Ht«/EOELSTAN REX

*/E€)ELXT7\N

^/ECELSTAN

•J-BEORNrSLD- M"0 •

PELWt. 23-6.

^BVRNPSLD MONPEWt. 21-6.

Hh/EOELSTAN REX

«I<BYRNPALD MOPELINLSWt. 26-8.

[PI. X. 2.]

PERHAM.["SVareham.]

Type viii.

I

"t/ELFRED MO- IN

PERH-AI Wt. 24-6.

[PI. X. 3.]

MoiiTiig^

(Men pegn?).

Beornwaldor BjTnwald.

iElfred.

AETHELSTAN. 115

Reverse. Moneyer.

WINCEASTRE.[Winchester.]

Type viii.

^/EOELSTAN REX

REX

^AMELRIC-M-O-VVINIIWt. 24G.

"i^VVLFHEARD- MOWIN • CI

Var. Pellet abovecross.

Wt. 24-6.

Type ix.

^/EOELSTAN REX TOBR

^/E€)ELM"MO- WIN •

CI-Var. Small cross

patte'o above cen-tral one.

Wt. 23-0.

[PI. X. 4.]

Series B.—Without Name of Mint.

Type i.

•I*/EBEL$TAN REX

4^/EDELSTSN REX

I-/EBELSTA-N REX

^/EOELXTAH RE

ABBA

MON

116 WESSEX.

No.

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

Hcvcrsc. Moncycr.

AAEGLXTTTN REX ZtREM

i

OH ETA

•t/EOELSTAN RE-

^/EOEL-STJKN RE

^/EOEL-ZTRl/I R

»I-/EOELXTAN REX

ARNY^ 4« ^LFMOI

^\E€)EL-STAN RE|

ASVL"i^ *I^ ^FNEN

ELSE^ t' 4<

MONE

ERIS-J. ^ ^TIEN

/E€)EL-$TAN REX DOMENi< i^ -^

CESM-0

DOMI^ ^ ^NIC-M

EADMVj^ 4< ^NDM~0

t/EOELSTAN REX TO EZtDVBRIT- •t'>l<^

LFM~0

^EBELSTAN hEX EEBE

RHT

(CLipped.)

Wt. 22-2.

Wt. 22-5.

Wt. 237.

Wt. 22-3.

Wt. 22-0.

Wt. 23-8.

Wt. 24-8.

Wt. 21-3.

(Chipped.)

Amulf.

Asalf or

Asulf(cf. Oslaf).

Clac.

Cristign.

Domenceg or

Dominic(= Domini-cus).

Eadmund.

Eadulf.

Ecberht.

MS

AETHELSTAN. 119

Obverse.

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

/EOEL-STN REX

-i«/EOELSTAN REX

/EDELST^KN RE^

•^/EOELSTZJN REX

'i'/EBELSTAN RE

/EOELSTAN REX

SOTAJ. }, ^4

NOUE

J,

WEALD^ ^ 4*

l-ELNVIO"

VVIL^ ^ ^LVFM

VVLFI-EJ. 4, ^ARDM-0

VVLF4< ^ ^ZTAN

PINE^ •J' "i*

LEM-Q

PINE4. }< !<

TEM^O

Blundered.

/EOEL$TAN REX

^EADE^cuTAH REX

ASAEL4^ ^ "^

N ± V O

IEA30^ .^ }Dl O R

Wt. 23-4.

Wt. 17 4.

Wt. 240.

Wt. 23-8.

Wt. 23-4.

Wt. 23-8.

(Chipped.)

Moneyer.

Wt. 2 10.

Wt. 23 5.

Sota.

Uuealdhelm.

Uuilluf.

Uulfheard.

Uulfstan.

Winele.

Asalf?

Dioralf?

WES8EX.

No.

AETHELSTAN. 121

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

15G

Obverse.

Type viii.

^/EOELXTN REX

^/EOELSTAN REX

^/EOELSTANREX.

•i«/E£)ELSTAN REX

^/E-DELFREO MON Ji3?ielfie«

\\L 21-7. (^Selfert).

^AOELFRMD M"ONNE ^«elfreS?Wt. 17-4.

^7\LFEAV MONET"M't. 21-0.

^DRYHTVALD MON

Alfeah.

Drvhtuald

[PI. X. 11.]

Wt. 230. (= Bryht-nald?3.

/edeltv/ian rex

^LIFING MONEl/lWt. 23-2.

Type X.

I

-I'ADELnOD+ARNVLFI Wt. 23-0.

[PI. X. 12.]

^/EOELSTANREX

^/EOELSTAM^EX

"t/EOEfrv^T X

/E€)ELXTAN REX

«i</E€ELXTAhfiEX

Type xii.

! ^BALDRIE HOMTWt. 220.

[PI. X. 13.]

^EINARD MOIETAWt. 23-8.

• ElUARD M0H . .

(Broken.)

i^SMALA MON ETAWt. 230.

'I'PIARD MONETAWt. 21-4.

Type xiii.

/E€>;EL$TAN rex O I-CfiMALA MONETAWt. 25G.

[PI. X 14.]

Lifincr.

A'Selmodand Arnulf.

Baldric.

Einard,

Smala.

Wiard.

Smala.

122 WESSEX.

EADMUND.Suco. AD. 910 on 'J 11 ; died a.d. 94G.

Al.l.un(Abbu?).AhilK'l.

Adtlirerd,

Addwine or iESelwino.

^dtilf.iEi'lric [= iElfric].

^gii uce 'I

yl'fl/rrd.

yT'i/'rir.

il«:ifs(an.

il'^irwalJ or Elfwald.

yT'lfirine.

jElficinig.

iEl'f.-, Hvc nlso Elf.-

yErnulf or ArnuJf.

y7:,>(/7)i [ = Mielmund'].iETielinod.

J^J^ilmund or A^elmund.

y]-J^elul/ or ATielulf.

.3<37itlwiiie or A'i^ehcine.

iE^cl.-, see also ASel.-

jEiered [^^eZred].

Agtardles ?].

Alberic?Amund or Amynd[es].Are.

Arnulf or iErnulf.

A>:h1/ or Asulfnen.

Atenn?AT>elulf [= ^«elulf].

A^eluueard.AJ5el.-, see also ^^el.-Baciager or Bacialer.

Baldric.

Balduuine.Barbe [Barht] (Norwich).

Beahred.Bencdictus.Beoncald (^Wallingford).

Bcrhtclm.Jlerhtred.

Bcrhtwig.Jkrna^.Bernsige.

Bese or BeseJ.

Bianulf.Biiirhtulf or Biorhticulf.

Biriieanl, Biomcanl, &c.

Boot; [ = Boiga?] (York?)Boign, Boga, iVc.

Boinsulf, 'Boinul/l= Biornulf?].

Bonsom.Burnhelm.Burnric or Bijnncic.

Moneyere.

Byrnferfi.

Byniwald.Cenherht.

Cialberht, CiolberJit, &c.

Clac {Exeter, London).Cnapa or Gnapa.Oundferi.Dxodulf.Demonec, Domences, &c. [ = Domi-

nicus].

Deorwald, Diarwald, &c.

Diarelm.Dorulf.

Drcgel, Dregl, &c.

Dudelet ?

Dudig.Duraint [ = Durandes].Durand[c3].Eadgar.Eadgild,Eadmund.Eadred, Edired, &c.

Eadstan.Eaduueard.Ealgeart ?

Eardulf.

Ecghriht.

Edired.E/eireos ?

Eferbrd [Efericerd ?].

Eferulf.

Efgeulf?Egered.Einard.Elaet.

Elferd.

Elf.-, see also ^If.-Eofermund.Erconbald [= Ercimbald].Erembald.Ere^ic.

Ergimbalt [= Ercimbald].Ericil.

Eulg-art [= Ealgeart?].

Eielsige.

EtSel.-, see also .^?el.-

Furaman, Farman.Faromia? (Leicester).

Folcard, Ftilcred.

Frard[= Efrard?].Fredard [= Fre<Sard].

Fref<ic[^es2-

Fugel.Gciindfer^ or GundferT*Giongbald (Xortcich).,

EADMUND. 123

(xis[lemer ?].

Gnapa or Cnapa.Gota or Gotaf.

Grimwald.Hadebald.Hana, Hanen, &c.

Hereman.Horemod.Hereuuig.Hildeomert.

Hotaf.Hrodear or Hrd^gar (NonvicW).Hunhf.Hunsige.ledulf.

Igere.

Ingelbert.

Ingelgar (York).

Landwine.Leofric.

Liafinc.

Ligeberd [= Sigeber«?].Liofhelm.Litilman.

Mield or M?Dldomcn.Mserten or Martin.Man, Mana or Manna.3Ianeta.

Manticen or Maunicen (Norwich).Megred.Nansige.Oda.Ondres ?

Onunman 7

Oslac.

Osmund.Osulf or Oswulf.

Oswald.Otic.

Oneiric [= JE^elric^.

Oietiorcel.

Paul, Paules, &c.

Pitit.

Frim.Bxgenold.Handulf.Regnulf [=Raegenulf].Reg^ier.

Eeingrim, or Eegegrim {Oxford).

Bodherht.

Bodmr or Bodgar (^Norwicli).

Salciarene ?

Sarauuard.Saxsa.

Scurua ?

Siadcman or Sideman.Sigar[e8] or Sigear[es^.

Sigeher^ ?

Sigwold.Smerel.

StefJian.

Telia.

Ulf (Chester).

Ulgebert ? [Ingelbert ?].

Uuihtes or Uuihtseg.UuQaf.Uuitelm.

Uulfstan.

Uuynsige.Warn [= Warin].Waringod.Werlaf.

White.Wigard, Wigeard, or Wigheard.\Vinuc ?

Wulfgar.Wulfhclm.Wulfric.

Wvnhelm or Wyunclm.Peodulf.permod.

Description op Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type i.

Small cross pattc'o. Around, iuscrip

tiun between two circles.

Moncycr's name, &c., in two lines

acTdss field ; crosses?, pillets, iVc,

syniiuetrically arranged in lield.

[Cf. PI. XL 2-6.]

Type ii.

Small cross formed of pellets. Around,inscription between two circles.

[Cr. PI.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two linos

across field ; rosette, pellets, andornaments symmetrically arrangedin liild.

XL 7.]

124 WESSEX.

ObTone. Revenc.

RoBottn of p«'llcta. Arnuml, iiiHcription

l>ctwoen two circles.

Type iii.

Moneycr'fl name, &c., in two linos

ftcross fiolrl ; five rosettes sym-metrically arranged in field.

[Cf. ri. XI. 8.]

Type iv.

Small cross patteo. Around, inscrip- |Rosette of dots. Around, inscription

tion between two circles. between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XI. 1.]

Type V.

Small cross pattcc. Around, inscrip

tiou between two circles.

Moneycr's name in one line across

field ; above, straight line fromwliich springs a rose between twocurved branches ; below, seven-

])ctalled flower.

[Cf. PI. XL 9.]

Type vi.

Bust r , crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscrip-

between two circles, divided by bust.|

tion between two circles.

[Cf. PI, XL 10, 11.]

Type vii

Kudo bust r., helmoted and crowned.Around, inscription between twocircles, divided by bust.

[Cf. PL XL 12.]

Cross crosslet. Around, inscription

between two circles.

Description of Coixs,

No.

EADMUND. 125

No.

126 WESSEX.

Xo.

EADMUND, 121

No.

128

EADMUND. 129

38

39

40

41

Obverse. Reverse.

»i«EADMVHD RE

^EADMVMD RE«i«

»I<ESDMVND- REX

42

43

44

45

4G

CNAPJ< .J, ^AMO~N

DEMEN^ "^ ^EEMOT

DEMEN

EEMOT

DOMEN

CESM"0

[PI. XI. 3.J

i«EADMVND REX

^EADIAIVND RE

EADMVHD REX

fE-A-DMVND RE

^EADMVND REX

DIARE^ ^ ^LMM^O

DORV

LFM-O

DORV!< 4^ 4,

LFEM

DREDJh J^ 4,

' LMOT-

DVDEi" •} 4^

LETM O

Wt. 24-8.

Wt. 22 0.

(Chipped.)

M't. 24 0.

Moneyer.

Wt. 20-0.

Wt, 25-0.

W^t. 24-9.

Wt. 200.

Wt. 22-4.

Cnapa,

Dcmonec orDonienccs

(= Domini-cus).

Diarelm.

Dorulf.

Dreffol.

Dndolet

(= Dudig?).

:!() WERSEX.

No.

EAUMUND. 131

Obverse.

»}<EADMVND REX

^ET^DMVND REX

Keverse.

^EADMVND RE^

EADS^ ^ 4.

TANO

CO

EADVVEi^ "^ 1^

A R D MCO

[PI. XI. 4.]

EARD

VLFM

^EADMVNDREX

^EADMVND REX

J^EADNVMD R

^EADMVND REX

EARD^ ^ 4,

YLFM"0

EFER•^ ^ ^VLFM-Q

EFER^ "^ t'VLFrO

ECERED^ ^ ^MO N ETA

ELEERD•^ ^ •!*

MO N ETA

EOFERM^ "^ ^VHDM^O

Wt. 23-8.

Moneyer.

wt

lO^

EADMUND. 133

No.

134 WESSEX.

No.

EADMUND. 135

No.

lao WESSEX.

No.

EADMUND. 137

No.

115

IIG

117

lis

119

120

121

Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.

•i'EADMVND RE^

•i'EADMVND RET^

REX

•i^EADMVND REX T©

^EADMVND RE

>i<EADMVND REX

122

123

124

OX>AJ< 1^ .^

roMo

OZFA»J< "t" ^LDMO

OTIC^^ ^ .J,

M-ON-E

OTIC^^ ^ ^MON"E

PAVL^ ^ ^ESMO

PAVE^ ^ .Ji

LSMO

PITIT

MONE

fEADMVND

[PI. XI. 5.]

RECN^ ^ ^VLFM

>> »

^EADMVMD RED»f REC»E

REXM0T

"Wt. 22-0.

\Vt. 23 0.

Wt. 250.

Wt. 250.

Wt. 23G.

Wt. 24-6.

Wt. 23-2.

Otic.

Pauses).

Pitit.

Eegnulf.

Wt. ?A-S.

Wt. 21-3.

AVt. 19-2. I

Rpg><er.

138 WESSEX.

No.

125

12G

127

128

"tEADMVND RE

•frEADMVND REi*

^EADMVND REX

EADMVND REX

Ucversc.

SARA•i* •b 'hWARD

SAXSA©J. .f. .J-

•333W

SIADE

MANM^O

ilBAR^ J^ ^ETMOT

[PI. XL G.]

129

130

131

132

133

EADMVN REX

^hEADMVND RE

EADMVND REX

•i^EADMVND- REX

RET

VVIHT^ "^ J"EriMOl

VVILA^ ^ ^FEMO

VVLF->J< ^ ^STAN

VVYNT T" T

SICEM"0

PARN»}< ji !<

MOIIE

Wt. 25r,.

\Vt. 21-5.

Wt. 22-6.

Wt. 20-6.

"Wt. 24-7.

Wt. 23-3.

Wt. 24-4.

Wt. 22-7.

Wt. 22-4.

Moneyer.

Barauuard.

Sax8ame fecit ?

Siadcman(or SiJcman).

Sigar.

Uuiht(c8)(or

Uuihtscg ?).

Uuilaf.

Uul&tan.

Uuynsige.

Warn(Warm).

EADMUND. 139

No.

no WESSEX.

No.

EADMUND. 141

Ko.

142 WESSEX.

EADRED.Suco. A.D. 946; died a.d. 9o5.

j'Elfnipc or ^Ifsic.JFJUiiu.

Griper.^tard[cH] or Agtard[e8].JE«elm [^Tiolinund ?]

JE'^eJmund or ASclmund.

Ai^elwald.iESel.-, see also A8el.-^Ured.Agtiird[e8] or ^tard[e8]Albert.

AUige [= ^lf8ige?].Anna.Anoeret.

Aje.Amulf.Asphr ?

A^elmund or JE^elmund.AMirerfi.A^cl.-, see also iE?el.-

Baldric.

Baldiuiine.

Bernard or Burnard.Bernere.Bcrnfei-tS.

Bese.

Biorhtwulf.Boga or Boiga.Burnard.Cali

Calismert ?

Canceret^

Cenberht.Cilieni.

Clac.

Copman.Crist in.

Culein[= Culfin?].

Deinenco [Dominions].Deorulf.

Dreml ?

Dudig.Duran.Eadmund.Eardulf.

Eferulf.

Elfred.

Engilbred.Eodin.£orofi [ = Fro^?].Erimes [= Grimes?].

Moneyers.

E^elnof>.

Frard [=Efrard ?].

Fredard or Frcdrod.FretSic or Ferric [see FroSric].FrotS [= FroSric ?].

Fro<5ric.

Fynnelm [=Wynnelm ?].

Gilles.

GisleJielm.

Gislcmer.Godin.Grim.Heremod.Herigar.

Uihlulf.Ilroigar.

Htmlaf.Hunred.Hunsaft.Huscbald.Iiigelgar.

Inguces [= Ingulf ?].

Ive.

LandferS.Leofric.

Lifine.

Maneca [cf. Mannecin].Manna, &c. (Xurwich).Mannecin.Martin.

Munred.Norbert.

NorSgar [=Hro*gar?].Oeirheri [= Oneiric?].Osfer^.

Osgod.

Oslnf.

Oswald.Osicine.

Oneiric.

Prin.

Rffiduine.

litedes.

Reg'cSer.

Rcinfir?>.

Rei^ereil.

liiculf.

Binuc [Rinulf?'] cf. Winno.liinulf.

Rodbert.

Saruurd r=Saruard].f^njrua ?

EADRED. 143

Secge [ = Secgcstef ?] (Norwich).SieferetS [cf. Sifert].

Sicgred.

Sifert.

Sigar[e8].

Smertcali.

Suince.

Swerlinc ?

Swerting.

Tyleadrex [= Tyleadred orWealdfred ?].

Unbein.Uualdfre^.Uuarin or Warin.Uuerstan.Uuilaf.

Uuildaf[=UHildul/?lUuilehert.

Uuilfred.

Uuinetin.

Uulfstan.Warin or Uuarin.Walter.

Wigerofi.

Winuc [ = Winulf?].Wulfbald.Wulgar[c8].Wijnnchtim [ Wymielm].\)eodhnrht.

peodmaer.\)eodred.

peodulf.pwr/tT?!.

purmod.purulf [cf. Deorulf].

Description op Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip

tion between two circles.

Type i.

Moncycr's name, &c., in two lines

across field ; crosses, rosettes, pellets,

&c., symmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. XII. 2-4.]

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Type ii.

Floriate stem with two branches en-closing moneyer's name.

[See No 103, p. 154.]

Type iii.

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Rosette of dots. Around, insoriptiun

between two circles.

[Cf. ri. XII. .'i.]

Rosette of dots. Around, inscription

between two circles.

Type iv.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two linos

across field; rosettes of dots syui-

nictrieally arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. XII. G.]

Typt' V.

Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross patte'o. Around, insrrip-

between two circles, divided by bust.|

tion between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XII. 1 A- 7.]

144 WESflEX.

Description ok Coins.

No.

EADRED. 145

10

11

12

13

14

15

IG

17

"I^EADRED RE

>{EADRED RE^.Var. In field, M.

EADRED REX

EADRED REXVar. lu field, M.

•J-EADRED REX

Reverse.

-^EADRED REX-

I^DH EADRED REX

^ERDRED REXVar. In field, thrco

pellets.

EADRED REX

AETAR^ ^ ^DEXmOT

ALTAR'^ "T* -i^

DESmOT

ARNVL

FmONT

AOEL^ 4« >I<

MVND-

ACELM

VNDM-Q

BALD4< 4^ 4<

RIEM O

BALDV

IVINH^O

BALDV^ ^ ^VNHO

BERN

ARDfn

Moneyer.

.^tard(es) or

Ajjtard(e8).

Wt. 21-5.

Wt. 20 0.

(Chipped.)

Wt. 20-5.

Wt. 23-2.

Wt. 19-5.

Wt. 180.

Wt. 21-2.

Wt. 21 -2.

Wt. 20 7.

Arnulf.

A%elmund.

Baldric.

Balduuine.

Bemnrd or

Burnard.

11 (; WESSEX.

No. RcverBC.

18 ^E??DRED REX

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

i-EADRED REX O

EADRED REX

^EADRED REX

EADRED REX

BVRH

ARDM O

BERN

EREH

BER14F^ ^ "f-

ERomo

BESE

MOllT

BOCA

ESmOT

BOILAVar. In field. M. .^ >^ >5h

,ExmoT

EADRED REX CENBEAN6L0R-~ "^ "^ «^

RHTM0

EADRED RE^

[PI. XII. 2.]

EOPOi. "f 4<

WAZO

DEMEM^ ^ ^CEPflOT

Wt. 22-5.

(Chipped.)

Wt. 230.

Wt. 21-5.

AVt. 210.

Wt. 20-8.

Wt. 24-8.

Wt. 19 0.

Wt. 19 0.

Moneyer.

Bern ere.

Bemfer?.

Bese.

Boga or

Boiga.

Cenberht.

Copman.

Demence(Dominicus).

EADRED. 147

27

Obverse.

EADRED RE

28I

EADRED REX

29 i'EADRED REX I

30 fEADRII REX

31 ^EADRED RE^

32 EADRED REX

33 ^EADRED REX

34 RE»^

35 ' ^EADRED RE-i* O

36 >^EADRED R E^^

Reverse.

J^fl

EADKED. 149

No. Obverse.

47 "^EADRED RE^

48 ^EADRED RE-i* O

49 EADRED REX

Keverse.

DISLE•i* "h "hIIETM

CODIN

MOTI

CRim^ ^ ^EXmOT

Wt. 23-6.

Wt. 21-3.

Moneyer.

Gislemer.

Godin.

Grim

[PI. XII. 3.]

Wt. 20G.

50 •I-EADRED REX

51 "t-EADRED REXX

52 ^EADRED RE-

53 I'EADRED REX

54 i^EADRED REXl

55 ^EADRED REX'

HVN^ ^4 !<

RE'Di

HVN

REDX

HVN

REDC

HVNR

EDIAIO

HVNR

EDMO)

HVNR4, 4^ ^EDMOT

Hunred.

W'L 220.

Wt. 22 0.

Wt. 20-3.

Wt. 23 0.

Wt. 21-5.

Wt. 210.

150

No. Obverno.

56 •pEADRED RE'I- O

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

WESSKX.

HVN

^AFT

ncvcr«e.

HhEJ^DRED REX • HVXEBVar. In field, four i t' "t" !«

pellets. ALDII O

65

"tESDRED REX I

•i^EADRED RE'J':

•I-EADRED REXO

•I^EADRED REX"

EADRED REX

•t'EADRED RE-i^

REX

•I'ERDRED RE

INCEL't' ^ >^

LAR'MO

INGELJ< p. ^

CAR- MO

I NGVJ< .J^

!<

EE5M0T

LAND

FERO

LEOF

RICM

^LIF.I

NEMO

Wt. 2G-8.

Wt. 230.

Wt. 22-3.

(Chipped.)

Wt. 21-5.

Wt. 22-5.

Wt. 20-5.

Wt. 20 0.

Wt. 23-3.

Wt. LM-3.

Moiieycr.

HuDsaft.

Huseb.ild.

Ingelgar.

Inguces

(= Ingulf?)

Landfert.

Leofric.

Lifinc.

EADHED. 151

No.

152 WESSEX.

No.

7G

78

80

81

82

83

84

Obvprsc.

HhEADRED REX

^EADRED RE-P- O

EADRED REX

Ena3flaA3fl«^

•1<EADRED REX

Reverse.

REIN

FIRO

5IEF-E

REOIO

SILAR4< 4^ »Ji

E5moT

lYLEADJ^ ^ 1^

T0mX3fl

VVALD

FREO

^E7\DRED REX

i-EADRED RE

EADRED REX

[PI. XII. 4.]

WAR-

IHM~0

P7\RI

^ 4^ "PNMON

VVERSO "^ OTANNO

VVIL7\

FMON

Wt. 16-2.

(Chipped.)

Wt. 20-3.

(Broken.)

Wt. 21 0.

AVt. 17-4.

Wt. 20-6.

Wt. 22-2.

Wt. 230.

Moncyer.

Keinfir%.

SiefereS

(cf. Sifert).

Sigar.

Tvleadrex(=']}iead-rffl or

Wealdfred ?).

Uualdfre'8.

Uuarin or

Warin.

Uiierstan.

Uuilaf.

EADRED. 153

No.

1.>1 WEHSEX.

No.

08

9i)

100

101

Obverse.

4«EADRED- REX

JCEADRED REX

I-EADRED REX

EADRED REX

Rcvenie. Moneyer.

OEODM^ ^ ^AER M

BEOD

VLFM

ORMO

DEMO

OVRMo»i<o

ODMO'H

102 "i-EADRED REX

103

104

4«EADRED RE«i«

OYRM•r T* TODH"

Type ii.

1 NOR BERT

Wt. UO 0.

\Vt. 23-7.

Wt. 25 4.

Wt. 21-8.

Wt. 22-2.

Wt. 17 5.

peodulf.

purmod.

Type iii.

4-EADnED REX ^EVLEIH m~0Wt. 200.

[PI. XII. 5.1

Norbert

Type iv.

105,

I'EADrED PFX- DVpy

I

FLmo

[PI. XII. G.'l

Ciilein

(Culfin?).

purulf(cf. Deorulf).

Wt. 20 6.

EADRED. 155

No.

Ir.».; WESSEX.

EADWIG.

Succ. A.u. 055; uii;u a.o. 959.

Moneyers.

Abenel (Htrefunl ?).

iElfred.

yKI/Ki(][e'\.

JEiiri'ij.

yEtard [^=Afjlanli'\.

yUftlgnr.

yj^rhtan or I'Jiehtitn.

A^eluuerd or /Edeluiwurd.

A,lt„rd.

Aiinind[eg].

Afnl/ {Linuloti).

JiithJn'c {SoiitlKimpton).

Baldwiue (Bedford).Jierenard.

Biruer.

Boi<;a or Boga (Bedford).

Briuninc [= Bruuine].Cuape[es].

Clac (Newark ?).

Copman.Crin . . .

Cntel 0TCytc\ [=Gytel?].Demence [DominiruK V].

Deorulf [= purulf V] (York).

Driuning.J)tidema[n'].

Dunn.Duiiinc (Huntingdon).Eadmund (York).

Eadulf.Eaenolf [= Ecnolf?].Efrard.

Eofercd (York).EoroTS ?

Erim [= Grim?]E«el.-, see also ^8el.-Fanael ?

Frard [= Efrard?] (York).

FreXic [= FroTiric ?].

Fro«gar (Bedford).

Fro^ric or Frederic (York).

GodeferlS.

Grim (Bedford).

Gijtd, see C'ytel.

Heremod.Herewig.Heriger.Leofstan (Bedford).

Leuinc [= LifincV].

Lifiiic.

Litclman.Manngdd or Maneod (South-

ampton, "Winchester).

Mann or Manna.Manolet.

Oswald.Otic (Winchester).

Sedoman [= Sideman].Uuferin [= "Warin ?]

Wilehert.

Wihig.Wul/gar.])urmod (Yorh).

\)urfer^.

purulf [cf. Deorulf].

Description of Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type i.

Small cross pattee. Around, iiiscrip- I Moneyer's name, »S:c., in two lines

tion between two eircles.|

across field ; crosses, rosettes, pel-

lets, &c., symmetrically arranged in

Itield.

[Cf. ri. XIII 1, 2.]

EADWIG. lo7

Obverse. Keverse.

Type ii.

Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip

tion between two circles.

MoiK-yor'd name, Av., in two line.s

across field, divided by name ofmint ; crosses, rosettes, pellets, Sec,

symmetrically arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. XII. 8-13.]

Type iii.

Small cross pattee. Around, in.scrip-

tion between two circles.

Moneyer's name between two lines

across field. Above and below,rosette.

[Cf. ri. XIII. 3.]

Type iv.

Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Moneyer's name iu one line acrossfield, divided by mitre-shaped or-

nament ; below, T

[Cf. PI. XIII. 4.]

Type V.

Small cross patti'e. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip-

tion {Moneyer's name, Ac.) betweentwo circles.

[Lindsay, ' Coinage of the Ileptaicby,' PI. 5, 115.]

Type vi.

Bust, r., crowned. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles, divided bybust.

Small cross pattee. Amund, inscrip-

tion (Moni'yir's name, &c., awlMint) b'twi'en tiro rircli's.

[Rud. PI. 20. 1]

ins WK8HKX.

No.

DEscjuirrioN of Coins.

Obverse. Reverse.

Series A. With Nami: ok Mint.

Moneyer.

BEDANFORD.[B.xlfunl.]

Ti/pe

«i<EADVVIL RE-.-^ BALDBE-i^DAPINE-

[ri. xir. 8.]

^EADVVIC REX":--

i-EADVVlG REX O

^EADVVID.-.RE-

^ETXD.VVIG REX

BOIDA•i^BE^'DA'tMONETA

FROD-BE-^DACAR M

CRin.BE'l'DAMON"E

LEOFSBE^DAT7\lhMO

EOFERPIC.

[York.]

Type ii.

•i«EADVVIQE RE DEOR03«^N^0VLFM

Wt. 23-3.

Wt. 22-2.

Wt. 150.

Wt. 20-5.

Wt. 18-2.

Baldwine.

Boiga.

FroSgar.

Grim.

Leofstan.

Deorulf(cf. purulQ.

[PI. XII. 9.]

Wt. 22-3.

EADWIG. 159

No.

Hid WESSEX,

No.

1:5

H

ObveiM. Reverae. MoDeyer.

NEPE.

[Newark* ?]

Type ii.

4-ESDVVIC RE-I- CLAC^IIE'l-PEMONE

Cliic.

Wt. 14 2.

[PL XII. 12.]

PINCEASTRE.[Winchester.]

Type ii.

^ESDVVID REX MANN

DODMO

Manogod.

Wt. 23-5.

15

IG

17

18

[PI. XII. 13.]

Series B. Without Name of JIint.

Type. i.

^EADPIC REX I

T'or. Ill field, M/ELFREDJ< ^ ^EXM0N

iElfred.

Wt. 21S.

[PL XIII. 1.]

^EADPIL REX

4«EADVVI RE

•tETXDVVIL RE>i«

/ESEVV-"T* •r' "r"

LFM-Q-

ADEL

VVERD

BOr^A-

•MOIETA

Wt. 180.

Wt. 20-7.

Wt. 13 0.

.Sscuulf.

AiSeluiierd.

Boiga.

In Korthamptonsbire.

EADWIG. IGl

No.

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

2G

27

Obverse.

'i'EADVVI RE-i* I

I'evcTso.

^ETXDVVIL REX

BRIV-

l/IIHC

[PI. XIII. 2.]

CYTEL^ "^ 4*

MONE

i-EADPIC REX DVNNVar. In field, M. ^ "^ "^

EXm^ON

I«EADVVr RE^

^EADVV[I]D REX

•I<EADVVID REX I

•i<EADVVIC R-E^-.-

{"EADWIG REX.-.

't'EADPIL REX'

Sloneycr.

Briuninc

( = Bruniiic).

Wt. 22 4.

Wt. 207.

Wt. 18-8.

E7SEH

\{\'2

( 163 )

KINGDOM OF ENGLAND.

EADGAE.

King of ^Mercia ad. 957 ; of all E.ngl.\nd a.d. 059 ; died ad. 975.

Moneyers.

Adelavor or Ai*.elaver.

Adelgiir or yl^fichjar.

Adelwold [= JEielu-uhl] (London).Aden.iElfgar (Thetford).

.iElfnocS iLondun, Wiuchelsta).Alfred or Elfrod.

.iElfsigo (Ik'dford, Chester, Exeter,

Staffonl Wilton, Winchester).

JElfstan or Elfstau (Chester, Derby,Exeter).

.ffiscmau {Chester, Exeter, Lincoln,Stamford).

iEsculf.

^tfer^.JE'tielaver or Adelaver.JEtelbrand.

jSa&elfer^ (Ilchester).

^ielgar or Adelgar.iETielred (London).^(Selsie or J]]^elsige (Bath, London),j^'fielstan (Canterlnnj, Lymne).JE^ehcecird.

^iehviiie (^Oxford).

uE^elwold or Adelwold (London).^<5ercd (London).Albart ? (^Cambridge).

Albutic.

Aldcwine.Alfer^.

Andreas.AsferS.

Azjua ? (Linroln).

A?cl.-, see Adol.-, and /E8cl.-

A^ulf (London).Baldric {Bidford, Snuthumpfo)}).

Baldwin.Benedict U.S.

Beorhtric {]\'allinriford).

Berenard.Bernfer<5.

Birgstan.Boga, Bofjea, Boign, Sec, see also Fiis-

tolf (Canterbury, Chi-strr, Wilton).

Britfer?! or Brihl/,r^.Bruninc {Xonrir'h).

Byrhfir^ [ = BemrerS or Brihti\r'!S']

(Maldott).

Bi/rhtric (Lymne).Byrhticold (Shdj'teshury).

Capelin.

Careen [^FarScn?] or Corbelm.Cna])a (Stamford).Colenard.Cohjrini.

Copman.Cylm? (Southampton).Cynsige (Ch ichmttr).

Dcniencc [Doniinipu.s].

Deorlaf [ = D(.'orulf ?] (Chester).Deorulf (Tempsford ?).

Dodnor^.Dudeman or Dudsemon.Dun (York).

Durand.Eadmcr (Southamjiton).Eadniund (Chester).

Eadtil/.

Eadwino (Wilton).

Ealfsigc.

Eiinnd.l\,iim\\{ (Lincohi).

Eat.'^tan [=Eadstan ?] (WinHio.'ilcr).

Khd'ti.

J-:ilr.d or .Elfrcd.

Elfstau.

Elfwald.

Elf.-, see also iElf.-

Eoferard.

Eofcrmund.Eoferulf (Tem|)sford ?).

EoroS (Chester).

Erronhald (Xoririrh).

Eifern.

Ei^ehn.

p]Scluine.

Ei^el.-, see also /E?il -

Farni;in

M 2

IfU ENGLAND.

Ffti^on or Far^ine [ = CarScn ?].

FftHti.ll'(V('rk).

FftHlnlf mill Uuigft.

Fivstolf imil Odii.

Fastolf a 11(1 Ihifn.

Fiddimn.FKidf^cr (( 'hostor).

FoU'iiitrd (Nonrich).

F(>r'^<l(ir {Jiid/onl).

FnoSric or Fro^ric [=Frc«ic?](Clii'stcr).

Fiot^i('[os] or Frc*icin (Derby).

Fri/'^mu>i<l.

Giilus, Gillys, Gyllis, &c. (Chester,

llrrcfonl).

GiJm, see Cylm.Grid.Grim (Bed Cord).

Guunulf (Yorl-y

Guuund.Hacuir.Hcrcbert.Ui rc/erf).

Hercman.Heromod (Wallingford).

Hi'rijror.

Iicrolf(roj-/0.

HihJe.

Jlilttrine (London).

Hiugolf or Ingolf.

Himbcin or Unbein.Ingelberd.

Inficlhn'rg or Ingehics.

Ingolf or Hingolf.

IngolfcrS.

lohan, see luhan.loles.

Iscmbert.

luban [=Iohun] (Exeter).

Ivc.

Lecfert.

Lcfinc, Leofinc, Lyfmc, See. (Ipswich').

Lenna.Leoffjdr (Dover).

I.eofhelm.

TAofnil[=Leofhelm?].J.tn/ric.

Leofsigc (Oxford, Southampton, TI7?-

ion).

Leofirine (Tempsford?).

Liofirold ( Wilton).

Levig ?

Liofstan (Bedford).

Lowman.Ma'find ( Winrhe-':ter).

Ma^lsiu^an (Chester).

JIan (Tempsford ?, Winchester).

Maning.

Mnnna, Manan, Manne, &c. (LeiceHer,

V.irk).

^[iinmil or Mmitnt (Southampton).

iSIanlieon.

Marcer.MarHcalo or Mursrenle (Winchcbter).

Mertin [=Mii'rtin].

IMorgna [=M()rena?].

Niiniin, see Manna.Noriberd (Norwich).

Oda, see Fa.stolf.

Oeeman [ = Otjernan ?].

Ogca (Norwich, Stamford).

Ogt'imm.

dsferi.

Oslac or Oslaf (Norwich).

Osmnnd.Osulf (Derby).

Oswald.OUlriht.

Pirim ? see Wirim.Badstan.

Jia'gemdf, &c. (Winehester).

Rafn, see Fastolf.

liegenold ( Winchester).

Eiecolf or Ricolf.

Saydtine [=Saduting?].Sedeman, Sidcman, or Sydeman

(Rochester).

Sexhyrht (Lewes).

Siferb.

Styrcar (Leicester).

Tuma (York).

Unliein or Hunhein.ITuifer'8 or Wiferd [ = WiufcrS ?].

Uuilsig or Wihig.Wihfsige (see Wynsige).Wilsig or Uuilsig.

Wine.Winemes.AVinenr [= '\Vinern].

Wirim ? (Huntingdon).Wode.Wnlfbald (Bath).

Wulfgar or Wulgar (Stamford).

Wuifmaer.Wuifred (Oxford).

Wui/rir (York).

Wull'stan or Widstan (Leicester, Wal-ling/ord).

Wynsige or Wihtsige (Gloucester,

Winchester).AVyiistan or Wunstan (Totncss, Win-

chester).

peodgar (Lewes).\?inern [= Winern'].

purfei-t;.

purmod (Chester).

\?urstnn.

EADOAR.

Desciui'tiox Of Types.

I(j5

Obver-^e. Kevcrse.

Type i.

Small cross patt(?o. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.

Same.

Suiuo.

Sujue.

Same.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines

across field, divided l>y three crus.-es

patte'es ; above and below, triangle

of dots

JL, ^ j.^T" 'T' •r

[Cf. ri. XIV. 1.]

Type i. var. a.

Similar : ornam<nts varitd 4* "t* "i*

[Kud.. ri. 28, 2,]

Type i. var. b.

I-

Similar: oru;uneut.s varieil "i* "i" "t*

{,

[Cf. ri. XIV. 2.]

Type i. vur. c.

Similar; ornaments varied "t* •r' 4*

[Cf. n. XIV. 3.]

Type i. var. d.

Similar: ornaments varied O "t" O

[Cf. ri. XIV. 1.]

KKi ENGLAND.

Obverse. Revene.

Tyiie i. vnr. e.

Stiim-. Siiiiiliir : ornauienlw varitJ O O O

[L'i'. I'l. XIV. 5.]

Type i. var.f.

Similar : riKsette of d(it.i in centre. Similar : ornaments varied .*•: :•: :•:

[Cf. ri, XIV. C]

Type i. var. g.

Same. ' Similar : ornaments varied

[Cf. PI. XIY. 7.]

Type ii.

Small cross patt<5e. Around, inscrip- IVIoiieyer's name, &c., in two lines

tion between two circles. across field, between which name of

mint : ornaments symmetricallyarranged in field

O ^ O

[Cf. ri, XIII. 10 & 12.]

Type iii.

Small cross patte'c. Around, in-'crip- I Small cross patte'c. Around, iuscrip-

tion between two circles.|

tion between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XIII. 5.]

Type iv.

Eosette of dots. Around, inscription I Kosetto of dots. Around, inscription

between two circles.|

between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XIII. 6.]

Type V.

onI

Si

ist.I

[Cf. PI. XIII. 8-0.]

Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription I Small cross pattc'e. Around, inscrip-

betweeu two circles, divided bv bust. tion between two circles.

EADGAR. 167

Obverse. Eevcree.

Saiuo.

name.

Type V. var. a*Similar : four crosses pattccs arrangedaround central ono.

[Hud., ri. 20, 4.]

Type V. var. b.

Similar: three pclhls and cross pal-

tee arranged around central crvsg

patt^e.

[Rud., PI. 28, 1.]

Type vi.

Bust 1., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Small cross pattt'e. Around, intcrip-

tion between two circles.|

tion between two circles.

[Cf. ri. XIII. 7, U & 13.]

* The specimeus of tbe type (Nos. 37 & 211) in the National Collection are too imperfect for

illUBtratiou.

108 ENGLAND.

De8(-UI1'TI0N of Coins.

No. Obverse. Reverse.

Sebie.'j a. With Name of Mint.

BAOAN.[Bath.]

Type iii.

Moneycr.

+EADCAR REXANLLORVM

^:/E€)ELSILE MO BACA ^«elsige.EIFI

Wt. 21-8.

[PI. XIII. 5.]

2 »i>EADCAR REX

'i'EADC,

BEDANFORD.[Bedford.]

Type V.I

•i'/ELFSIL MONETA BE ^Ifsige.Var. Small cross

pattee above cen-tral one.

(Broken.)

HhLI TA BE Liofstan ?

(Fragment.)

Type vi.

•I«EADDAR REX ANCLCWl +LRIM IVJ-Q BEDAFOI (Pierced.)

C/ENTFARABYRIG or CANTPARABYRIG.[Canterbury.]

^EADLAR REXANCLCnX

Tijpc vi.

•I^BOCA M~0 C/ETPARA

Grim.

BogaWt. 23 5. (or Boiga).

EADOAR. i(jy

No.

170 EN(JLANI).

No.

E.VDUAl!. 171

No.

172 ENGLAND.

No.

EADGAR. 173

No.

171 KN(iI.A\h.

No. Obvcmc. Reverse.

4(i HhEADCAR RE

47

4S

t> »

EOFROT'J-EOLFNO

MOl/lOT'I-EOHAM

M<ineycr.

Eofcriilf?

(Cliippcd.)

Wt. 23-4.

PELEGAFORD ou PELIGAFORD.[Wallingford.]

49

50

51

i«EADLAR REXANLLORVM

Type iii.

I-HEREMOD MOPELEL-AFOR-.-

Wt. 230.

FILTUNE.[Wilton.]

Ti/jy; vi.

I-EADCAR REX ArCLOix ^/ELFXILE MO FILTV(rierccd.)

i ^-EADPINE M-OI FILTVN-I AVt. 250.

[ri. XIII. i:l]

PINCELSEA.

[Wincliclsea.]

Type vi.

^EADDAR REX ANCLOPC ^/ELFNOO M~0FEfCLES

Wt. 24-4

Man.

Heremod.

^Ifsige.

Eadwine.

^lfno».

EADfJAR. 17.'

No.

17G ENOLANI).

No.

EADGAR.

C8

69

70

71

72

Kcvcrse.

73

74

75

7G

I<E-7^-DC-AR RE

^EADCAR RE

•i'ET^DCTXR RE^

»i«E-A-DD7\R REw

i«E7XDC-7^-R RE>i«

J^EADCAR REI

"i^ERDLAR R-E-I^

i-EADDSR REXt

I-ESDCAR- REXVar. In ikM

/EDEL

ZIEHO

/EOEL

ZIENO

ALBy-T T" TTEMO

ALBV4< 4^ ^TENO

ALBV

TEHO

A$FER^ ^ ^anoN-

A$FER"t" J" ^CMON-

BENE

oiht:-

BERNHh *I^ *i"

FERO

Wt. 181.

Wt. 17 0.

Wt. 15 5.

Wt. 18-5.

Wt. 190.

Wt. 11 G.

Wt. 20 1.

Wt. 210.

Wt. 20 2.

Moneyer.

^Selsio( = iE«el.sige).

Albutic.

AeforiS.

Bcncdictus.

BcriiferS.

178 ENGLAND.

No.

77

78

79

80

81

ObvpiTic.

82

83

84

85

4«ESDLSR RE-h

•tEADL7\R RE^

HhET^DG-TX-R RE^t

tET^DC-TXR RE«I<

^EADLT^R RE'tO

riE^

RE^^

^'EZfDCTSR IJEX)

^EADLAR REX^

Reverse.

BIRII .-.

'i' "h "b

VllllO

BRIT*^ -^ *^

FERO

CAPE^ .J^ "i^

LINO

CARD

Eiimo

CNAP'i* *i* *i*

em5i-

\Vt. 18 5.

Wt. 190.

Wt. 16-7.

Wt. 22-3.

(Chipped.)

Moncyor.

Uncertain.

Britfer«.

Capelin.

Careen(=Far8tn?).

Cnapa.

CNAP^ ^ ^EMOI •

EADGAR. 179

No.

180 ENGLAND.

No. Obverse.

95

9G

97

98

4«E7\D[L-7\r r-E'i'

Reverse. Moneycr.

criD

MOUE

[PI. XIV. 1.]

ii^EADLAR RE

EADGAR. 181

No.

182

EADGAR. 183

No.

184 ENGLAND.

N...

EADGAR. 185

No.

18G ENGLAND.

No. Obvorne.

150 ^EADGAR RE

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

RE4^

Moncycr.

ALDE© >!-

PINEM

EADQ 'i' QMVl/ID

[PI. XIV. 4.]

RE

»» >»

REX

^EADC[A]R RE

•^EADCARE^

^EADCARE

EADO !- ONYN

EALFO •!- OSILE

EALFS'i'S>

1 GEM

EO[R]

OCM

FREO©4-0BRIE

GILO "^ OLYS

Wt. 23-4.

\Vt. 200.

Eadmund.

Wt. 19-8.

Wt. 21-2.

Wt. 20-9.

(Broken.)

Wt. 22-2.

Wt. 22 9.

Ealfsige.

Eoro<5.

FreoXrio.

Gillva.

EADGAR. 187

No.

188 ENGLAND.

OliVITHO. Monoyer.

ICG

1G7

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

HhEADCAR RE

Type i. var. g.

J,

/E€»ER

EDM~0

[PI. XIV. 7.]

Type iii.

Wt. 19-8.

iEXcred.

I-EADCAR REX Tl

t'EADCAn- REX-S

1<DVDEMV MOETlli

Dudcuian.Wt. 190.

•^DVRAND-E$ MOT]'(tr. In ficM, •.•

Wt. 210.

J^EZtDC-AR- REX ANC- ^DVRSNDIES MONETAVar. In field, •.*

IWt. 21-4.

Duraud.

•J-EADDAR REX

"^EADCAR! REX!

I-ESDLSR- REX-.-

^E-A-DCAR REX -$•

I •^EADLAR: REX)

i«EADDARTRE-X ANCL

^EADCAR- REX-.-Var. Pellet in field.

fEADQ-A-RREX"

•^ESDGSR REX AC

•i<FA$T-0-LF M-O-N(Chipped.)

^F-A-$TOL-.-F MONWt. 21-4.

^FSSTOLF : MONWt. 20-2.

*F-A-STOL-F -J-MONWt. 20-2.

•i^FASTOLF! MOKEWt. 21-8.

^FASTOLF! MONETA"Var. In field —

,

above and belowcross patte'e.

Wt. 20-3.

^FASTOLF-.- HOIVar. Pellet in field.

Wt. 20-7.

'i'FSSTOLF >X< HOIWt. 21-8.

^FASTOL-F-.ES MOT(Broken.) Wt. lS-2.

Fastolf.

•I-EADLAR-.- REX-T- •i'FAXTOLF ) ES MOTWt. 240.

EADGAR. 189

No.

180

181

182

183

184

185

18G

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

191

195

19G

Obverse. Reverse.

•i<ESDCSn-.- REX-S- 'i'F^rSTOLF^ ES MOWt. 22-2.

^ESDLAR i REX L

^ESDDAR REX 5

•i-ESDL-SR REX

I-FS-STOLF- BOILA^\ t. 19-5.

[PI. XIV. 8.]

^FSSTOLF- BOIGTfWt. 20'4.

4-FS5TOLF V OD-S-Wt. 211-9.

i^ETfDCAR- REX:Var. In field, —

^EADDAR • REX • ANGLOVi(r. Cross puttee

in field.

>i<E-A-DC-7X-R RE

^ESDCS-R: REX I

^ESDCSR-REX =

^EADGAR 1 REX^

«i<EADGAR-.- REXVar. Pellet in field.

i<EZ[DGAR: REX I

"i-EADGSR- R-EX T\

^ESDGSR- REX I

i-EXCDGAR REX AK.

•i«EADGAR RE'i« MT-

HhESDGSR) REX SrC

•i^FSSTOLF RSFNWt. 20-5.

-^FIODVAtJ MONETA G*Wt. 220.

^GRID NONE't'©Wt. 19-7.

"1-liEROLF A MON:\'iir. IVlkt in oneangle uf cross.

Wt. 18-i.

4-HEROLF O MONE-Wt. 24 0.

^HEROLF! MONEWt. 20-4.

MIEROLF: MONETWt. 21-4.

^HEROLF) MONE-T-Wt. 21-2.

MIEROLF^'ES MOTWt. 20-7.

Wt. 22 2.

^IG0LFERDE5 MOTWt. 18-8.

^LEOFNEL M0NETWt. 18-2.

I'LEOFINCiEJ MOT-

1

Wt. 19-6.

Moneyer.

Fasti ilf andiluiga.

Fa.st(ilf andOda

Fastolf andRaCn.

Fioduan.

(iri.l.

Herolf.

Ingulfcr}S.

LcofLelm ?

I^oofinc.

• This may be the initial of a mint, Gifelceaster or Uliioswic. The nioncycr'a name Fiwluan

does not occur on the cuina^^e of any Bub8C<iueut reign.

190 ENGLAND.

No.

11)7

198

199

200

201

202

203

201

205

20G

207

208

209

210

211

Obverse.

't'ESDLAR) REX Tl

•^EADCAR REX TO

"l^EADGAREX TO

Kevcme.

I-PVLFTAH MOI/IETWt. 20 7.

Type iv.

^/ELFSICE MOl/IEWt. 21S.

Moneycr.

4^ALDEYYIHE©

[Pi. XIV. 9.]

-i-EADDAR REX TOD

•i«EADLAR REX TO BR

t'EADCAR RE't-

"i-EADCAR REX TOD

RE^ T

Wt. 20-9.

i-EADMYND MOHWt. 20-7.

i-ELFSTAN MONETAWt. 17-4.

•i«YYIUIC MOTWt. 22-9.

+)VRMOD MONETWt. 20-5.

•• ADLAR REX

-i-EADDAR RE4-

REX

•i^EADCAR REX

RE

^EADCAR- RE^

+)VRM©D MOmWt. 21-9.

Type V.

"i^BAL • • IN MONETAVar. Ill field, .•.

(Fragment.)

«i<BRVNINC mONETAE(Chiiiped.)

[n. XIV. 10.]

^COLENARD mONETWt. 22-5.

-i-LIOFSTAN MONETAI(Chipped.)

"t-NANTIEEN MONETAWt. 22-2.

»i«SAYDTINE ^rmONVWt. 22-8.

Wulfbtan.

JEUa'igc.

Aldewinc.

Eadmund.

Elfatan.

Uuilsig.

purmod.

Type V. i<Tr. a.

^EADCAR [REX] I "fBIRLSCTAN MO]NII

(Fragment.)

Baldwin.

Bruninc.

Ci>lcnard.

Liofbtan.

Manticen.

Saydtine ?

(Saduting?)

Birg&tan.

( 191 )

EADWEARD II.

(The M.vutyh.;

Sccc. A.D. 975; McRD. a.d. 979.

MoTieyerB*

Adelnver.

iElfstiin or Elfstan (Bedford, Canter-

bury).

^Ifwald or Elfwald (Stamford).

JElfweard or Alfweard.iEscman or Escman (Stamford).

.^Sflred or jEiered (London).JE^ehtan, yE^cstan, or JEtstan

(Lyuine).

JE^elmild or Atelwold (Jjondon).

Alhstan.

A^dirold, see .E^ehmld.liuldic [= Baldric] (Bedford).

Beaniene (York).

Bemene, Bermene, &c.

Beola.

Boga, Boia, Boiga, &c. (Canterhnrij,

Chester, London, Stamford).

Brantinc {Norwich).Brilitfer« (Bath).

Biirhstnn or Burnstan (Gloucester).

Cnapa or Cnape (Stamford).

Cvlgrim.

Culm.Cyne?Deorulf.

Dun (York).Ifunic.

Eadnof> (Southompton).

Eadtcine (Wilton).

Eanulf (LiucoLo).

Eanute?Elf.- see iElf.-

Escmaii, see /Escman.ESehn or E«elii [=.E?elm?] (Luff-

wick ?).

Facer, see Lacer.

Fastolf.

Glonmilf?Grim (Stamford).

Grind (Linculn).

Oiinnidd.

Hat'irrim (Lincoln).

Ilancrent, see Nancrcnt.Jlangrim.

Hild (Stamford).

Huitan.

Indolf or Ingolf.

lohan (Extltr).

Isulf.

Knapa, see Ciutjui.

Lacer or Sacur [cf. Wacer^ (Stamford).

Leficold.

Leafen or Leo/rne (Ipsicich).

Levig [= Lifing?] (Lincoln).

Mxhuien.Mana, Manna, &c. {Tamicurth).

3Iannic.

Mantut (Soulhnini)ton).

Megered ( H^inchesttr).

Melsdon.Nancrcnt [=Haacreut?J (Southamp-

ton).

Oda.Ogea ? (Stamford).

Oia, see Boia.

Osniaer (Wartcich).

Osulf (Derby).

Ostadd (Southmnplon).

Biegenulf ( Winchester).

Rodbert.

Saccr, see Lacer.

Sehyhyryht or Sthxburht.

Styrgar.

Surclos, Sumlos, &c. (York).

Sinjrclinc.

Tunulf (Buclingham).J^ulfnd ur Will/ml.Uuiijnr, see WullVar.Willi r [cf. Lacer] (Stuuijurd).

Wigl'irf:

AViiit!<ige or Wynsipo (^Vincboater).

Wilebeart (Ii)s\vicb).

Wine (Cuntirhnri/, Lvmne, Stnmford).

^VullVar or WiilC'iir (Stamford).

AVulfm.vr (Il.rtfnrd).

Wulfi't'iii or Wulntau (Stamford, Win-'rhisii /).

Wynsigc (Wiuchcster).

\?eudgitr.

* The names of moneycrs without mints attached to tliem are rlilefly taken from Ihnlinn's

list. As tliat writer (fives the list of moneyers separate from that of the mints, it hut l>e»n

imposslhle to ronm-ct the former with the latter. The mints piven by Uu.llnK ami not rrpntkntrd

iu the above list, are C'uuibriJge. Lewes, Lydl'ora, O.\ford, St. Ldmuudsbury, aud Ihetford.

102 ENGLAND.

DEscniPTioN OP TypEs.

Obverso. Roverec.

T>,pe i.

IJusI, 1., dindcracd. Around, inbcrip- I Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-

tion betwoin two circles.|

tion between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XIV. 11- IG.]

Type ii.

lind r., (liaflrmed. Around, inscrip-

iiuH bdicetn tivo circles.

Hand of Providence, pointing down-

u-itrdx, between A 10. Around, in-

scription between two circles.

[:Montagu Coll.]

EADWEARD II. 103

No.

194 ENGLAND.

10

11

12

13

14

15

Rpvprnc.

HAMTUNE.[SuutUitmpton.]

Type i.

^^EADPEARG R4* I•i«l/lAI/lEREI/IT HAUI

AH EL AVt. 214.

HEORTFORD.[Hertford.]

Type i.

4<EADPEARD REX I "tPVLFM/ER M"0 IIERTArCLO Wt. 20-6

LIMENE.[Lymnc]

Moneycr.

Xancrcntor Hancrent ?

Wulfmaer.

-^EADFEARD REXANCLCOX

Type i.

^-/EOESTSN M"0LIMEN-Wt. 20-2.

^PINE M"0 LIMENE-Wt. 22-5.

[PI. XIV. 13.]

LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]

Type i.

«1<E7\DVV7\RD E>pAHLL©

riE.^

7\NGL0

^EAD>EAR E^i-

ANDLCnX

•i«E7XNVrb M-©LINDCOLWt. 23-7.

•tCRIND N"0Wt. 22 2.

•i«HAFCRIM N"0 LlhCOLWt. 22 7

jE^cstan(^:«elatan).

Wine.

Eanulf.

Grind.

Hafgrim.

EADWEARD II. U»5

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

Obverse. M'jncyer.

•i*E7\DVV7\RD RE^ NQf ^LEVD N"0 LINDOLNE LcvigNVt. -210. (= Lifiiig?).

^EADFEARE'i- Al/ILLCnX -^LEVIC H^O LUDCOL-.-I

\Vt. 2J 0.

[PI. XIV. 14.]

•^EADVVARD RE4-NCLCnX

•ThrEVIC N'OLINDCOL-.-

Wi.-JIT.

LUNDENE.[Luuduii.]

Tyite i.

"i-EADPEARD REX I •i'/EOELRED M^O LVNANILOVC Wt. 240.

LVVEIC.

[LuflFwick?*].

•I«EADPEARD REXANCLCW

Type i.

i^EOELN MTOLVVEIC •.•

Wt. 207.[n. XIV. 15.]

STANFORD.[Stamford.]

T,jp.' i.

i-EADPEARD REX 1 •i«/ELFP'ALD MOAr^LCW STANFOR-

I Wt. -jin;.

^EADFARD REX 4</EXCMAN MOAMILOVC XTANF-

Wt. 11)3.

i<EAD>ARD REX hHL\-~\ •i<ESCMAN MOSTANF-

I Wt. 213.[PI. XIV. 16.]

^'E!'clr«'<l.

E?cln

(= iE?elm?).

.ElfwftUl.

-Esomftn or

K.soinnn.

In Kortharoptonsblre.

o 2

1% ENGLAND.

No,

(1^'"

)

^THELRiED II,

Sccc. A.D. 979; vev. a. p. loi:!; hkst. a.d. luli; dikd a.d. RUG.

AbnXorb (York).

JRad-, xee Ead-.^dwino, Kee Eudwine.JEfic {Shrews.').

JKjlrhh (SJiretc^.).

JEfiflric (Bath, Shaft.).

JEijthcine {Loud.).

JE'qenulf (Loml, Sdif.).

jElewine or Eluwinc [= ^Elfwine](Chest.).

JLlfceM [= Ulfcefcl] (Derhij, Tbeff.).

^ifehn (Bardu., Jlrh., Winchel,Winrh> •:(.).

-lElfpar, Alfijnr, &c. (Aylfsb., Leiceit,

liond., Stmnf., Tamw., Wareh.,Wincht'l., Wincht'd.).

Mfged, JElfgef, Elfyft, &c. (Here/.,

Lond., SoiiUunnp., Stum/.).

.Sn/lieiih, /Elfcdh, \'c. (Hoch., Shreirg.,

Winchfitt.).

JElfmur (Ej-tt., Orf., WuUlncff.).

JEilno«, Elfno's, itc. {AxminM., Chost.,

Exct., Hunt., Leurn, Lond., Sididj.,

Siull..).

JElfrcd (('aid., HiiM.).

^Ifric (Until, Cambr., Exrt., Hunt.,

/>«'/o.,L«/((Z.,Xurw.,Soutliw.,Sudb.,

W'dlinqf.).

JEUryi or JElfnfi (Cant., Lond).^Ifsifio (Burdn., Ilrh., Line, Lond.,

\Varcli.. 117//., Winchf'st.).

^Ifstan, Elfstan, Ac. (Bedf., Chest.,

tlxct.,ir( n f'..Li<i\i\..Lydf'.,Shr(trK.,

Totn., UVhV/k.s/., Yiirh).'

JElfmdd or .'Elfwuld [«-»• aho Alfwold](Lond., Stiunf., Tlietf.).

.ffilfwcard or ..Elfweid \_»ee tdso Alf-nvn/] (Brift., Lcwca, Lond.,

Wallinpf., Wore).jElfiri. [ = yElfwig or .Elfwine ?] (B>df.,

Burl;., Cainhr., Chirk., L(>nd.,Sudb.,

WidUwjf.).

jElfn-ig or Elfirig(Camhr., Lrir., Lond.).

.^ifwinc or Alfirinr. (Camhr., Cln'.«t.,

Chirh., Colrh., Hir,f., Lond., Maid.,

Oxf, Shaft., South ic, Thrtf.).

JEJmair ( ]Vinch<»t.).

jEhrine [ = /Elfwine i'\ (Crichl).

JErgrcd.

^Eacmaii (Line, Stamf).

Moneyers.

AJ^rtl., .Ewtli, Sec. (L^md.).

JEmririg (Stanif.).

^?ulpar (Shaft., WiuchcHt.).JEfelm (Chirk.).

^?Llni:ur or Efrhn/vr (Line., Doul.,Oxf., .S/(.///., Ware).

JEfflman (Haric).-ESelnoS or Eielno^ (Line, South-

amp.).

.ESelric (Bath, Ilrh., Lond., Milton,

Oxf., Shaft., 'Wareh., Wane,Wore).

JEfchigr (Bath, Crirhl, Lond.,Southain/i.).

^Selstan (Hunt.. Winrhr^t).

^?el\verd, &e. (Harie, Utrti'., Lond

,

Siulh.).

jEiehn. [ = .Efelwiii or -Eyelwrini]

(Hrrrf, Lond., Skaft.).

.Efel trig {Jfvref., Leie, Skaft., Wore).jEJelwiiieor ESelwine (Crirhl., Heref.,

Line, Lond., Mahl., None, Oxf.,

liomn., Slanjf., Winrktiit.).

.E^^ibrod [ = .Eftltcold ?j ( Lond., Tlietf. ).

^Efthrold, A^elwold, &c. (Lond.,Thetf.).

JE^ehnjrd [ = .l>f/irt<ird?] (Stamf).yE?el.-, dec td*o E?el.- .

vES^ered or /ESenjd (Lond., Lydf.).

iEfestan or Efentan [= ..E^eLstan]

(Bath. Bedf., Bndqn., Chirh.,

Crirhl., Ex.t., Hunt., )>../.</., Lydf.,Lymnr, Shaft., Stanif; Wunr.,Win<lic.-.t.).

Alri>iq, (Chi*!.).

Aldr'td (Loud).Alf'iar, n»c ..Elfijar.

Aitnld, *,, Alfwuld.All'i'taii. Alfftiau. Mi< .ElfHtnn.

Aificrd [ = .Elt\V(ard] (Haft).Ailwald or AltV.il.l [= .Elfwold]

(Bath., /.(.;../, Oxf.. Staf., Stamf.,

Slanw ii'k, Thrtf., Widiingf., Warm.,Winrlo-t., Wore).

Arnrytrl ( York).

.{rn>or, Arnfur, Arfur, &c.

Ai>r,t<l, Aorytel, A'c. ( York).

Auril (Loud).Asewij; or E-wig (Stamf V

Anftri ( York).

1!»8 KNCiLANI).

AfiiKin (Line).Aitiiil [ = /liir/7:'] (hind.).

Ai»)lj\)r .1 «!///( Yorlc).

An'^rif' (.Vorir.)

A?irllllf (Luli.l.)-

A?ol.-, see aim) Ai'iv\.-

JhihU,'.

n,,ihhil/.

Jtiil'iiit.

Jl.'ul.u, ( y»rh).

BuorlinocS, Ikrlitna*, Byrhlno^, &c.

(Sitilh ,Winclicst.)-

flinriiiilf or lUnriiiilf {Hi itf., TjoikI.).

lit rill iii;ir, liiiUlm:ir, lUjilitmnir, &e.,

(Ui'l-rr, Lunil., Jtorh., H7«r/,<'.s/.).

H.Tlitnii* [=l{c()rlitn(.?i] (Windiest.)-

Jt, rhlirhir, linhiiriui', \c. ( Yiirh).

llhhljir^ [s/c uJ^o Jh/rhtfir^'} {Loml).Jfiiliixiiji; Jiijrhtxiiji', ike. {Biiriln., Exit.,

Loiul., W'lirih., Warir., W'incheKl.).

Bhicemnn {Ikrhij).

Boga, lioije, Boitj;a, &(;. (L'ant., Cliexf.,

Herir., Line, Loud., i>outhw.,

Thd/.).

Boia [= }} lijra] (Caut., Ihrtj'., Line,Shim/., Wilt.).

Brnntinc {Ipi<a:, Xonc, Soitthw.).

Jinstiui.

lirdi r„l {York).

Brilitlaf or Bvrlitlaf (Hortf., Lond.,

Sii.lb.).

Brihtnof', &c. [cf. BurlitnoX, &c.] (Lond.,

Siiiitliamp., Winrlii-xt., Yorlc).

Brildric or Bryhtric (ll'are/t., Win-chid.).

Brildiriiie, Byrhtwine, &c. (Ojrf., Totn.,

Yorh).

Brihtiriild or Byrhtwold (iojuZ., Sltaft.,

Windiest.)-

Brumnn (^Lond.).

Brtin or Bruna (Exet., Lydf.).

Bruiirjiir (.S/ocifs.).

Bnininc or Bryiiinr (Soiitliainp.).

Brun.-taii (Loud., AVindust.J.

Bruutat (Line, Lund.).

Bntnti^ ?

Bryhtred ( Winchr»t.).

Bryhtric, .s< *' lirihtrir or Byrhtrio.

Burhxiiin [ = Bniustau or Byrhstun?](Winrhi-st.).

Bynic (^Soiithdinp.).

Byoija {Dover).

Byrhsige [ = Byrnslije'} (Bardn., Exet.,

Lond., ]yiirih., Wdrn:, Windiest.).

Byrhstiin or Bi/mstan {Kyivt., Heref.).

Byrhtfer^ {E.rlt., Lond., Totn.).

Byrhiidf, »ee Bvrhtluf.

Byrhtrfm {l>iidh.).

Byrhtio'S [Byrhtno'&] {liinii).

Byrhtlaf, see Brihtlnf.

Byrhtmar, fic Bcrhtnmr.

Bvrlilru)^, Ac, nre ncorbnoiS.

Jl'yrhtrcd ( W'.nrhixt.).

JJyn.tri.' { = Bryhtrir'] (Exet., Sniilhw.,

Siidl,., 'I'Im'iI'., Wallinijf., Wanh.,Windi.st.).

Byrhliriiir, HI I' lirlhl irini'.

]{yrlilwold, «»-'• Ilrihlmtld.

Jtyri [= Byrnin'i'i^ {Southaniji.).

liyrnlmj [= Bruning?] {Suuthamp.).('iirifj (Loud.).

Carhi (Exet.).

Ckicc {Lond.).

Cinrir {Dunr, Norw.).(kiixi(ji', Ciimige, &c. (Dover).

CculiioS, CiolnuS, or Ojlnu^ {Lund..

Sidb.).

C'ltel, Ki'p. Cylel.

Ci)tii { Wiiichext.).

Cltelhe [Cytel?] {Yorlc).

Clem {Ciiinbr.).

Citit or Cynt [ = CnM<?] {Camhr.).

Coiyrim [ = Colgrim ?] {Lxmi'i).

Coldicine, we Goldwine.Coleman {Ox/.).

Colgrim or (jolgrim (Line, York).

Cristijin, Crintin, or CristUn {Stamf.).

Cudi {Exet.).

Cuna, Cunua, or Cynna {Chich..

Windiest.).

Cynsige or Cunsige (Dover, Lond.).

Cyid, [see also Cnif^ {Camhr.).

Cytel {Exet., York).Cytlbern or Cytlern {Line.).

Cytlrx 1= Cytlbern'^'] {Line.).

Jhrul [= Diendf, Deorulfi'\{Lond.).

Daiitin[x] (Y(irk).|

Deursiqe {Lund.).

Deoruhg? {Clint.).

Diliun (Heref.).

Diorenuin or Vyreman {Lond.).

Direicine or Dyrewine {Tliet/.).

Dirsi[ge '?] {_= Deorsige ?J {Lond.).

Doda or Dodda {Dover, Totn.).

Diidrig.

Duru-ine, [see also Direicine'] {Bed/.).

Dranting.Dreng (Line).Dnulf {Lund.).

Drhii-old IDrildiroldri {Land).Diida [.<rt Dud,,'] {Cant.. ]yinclted.).

Dudel or Diohle {Exet.).

Du/ndm [ = Dy/nehn?] {Chest.).

L)un {Leic.).

Duncild {Guild/.).

. Duustau {Chich., Exet., Guild/.).

Ditran [see Durtan] {Yorlc).

Diirand or Durant {Wore).Durtiin [ = )?urstan ?] {York).Dyremun, sec Dioremun.Dyrewine {Tliet/.).

DyrhtmnT.

^THELR.ED II. 199

Eadeafge [ = Ead8ip:e] (Wimhest.).Euililiit or Eihbu (tjnul.. liach.).

Eadf^ur (f ewes, Loud., Tliott".).

Eadliij (Loud.).

Eddiitiur (Exit.).

Eadnmiid or Edmund {Camhr., Colrh.,

Line, Lond., Norw., Sduthumi).).

EaduoS (liridijn., Cliicli., Loud., lioch.,

Wincliixt., York).

Eadric or Edric (Cambr., Chest., Exit.,

I^isiv., Lond., Taunt., Tlwt/., Wull-

in(jf., York).

Eadnioi [ = Eadno^?] (Land.).

ii(i(Y«/[;/ ?] {Dnnw., Lond.).

Eadsig, Eadsige, Edsigo, &c. (Dover,

Hast., Loud., Koch., tihnics.,

Winchcst.).

Eadsme [ = Eudsige?] (Lond.).

Eudiitan, Edstan,i>rii'a^s^(;i (Ashdoicn?,

Bath, Exct., Lijuinc, York).

Eadwacer or Edwunr (Xonc).Eadwerd or Edwcrd (Loud., Lijnine,

Kocli., Thef/.).

Eadiriov Edwi [cf. Eadwiiic and Edicni']

(licrtf., Lond., Borh., ^Y((»;//.,

Sndh., Thitf.).

Eadwiiif, Jvlwiiic, &c. (Canihr., Coluli.,

Exd., Lond., yionc., Iloch., SontJiic,

atiiinf., Thet/., Toni.i, H7/<., Win-clicst ^

Eadwod{_= Eadirold.'] (Thctf.).

Eadwdld or Ediculd (Caut., Lond.,

M(dd., TIatf.).

Eahl<i(ir (Loud.).

Ealdivd (Lond., Maid., Malm.).

Ealhstan, Eahtan, kc. (Lond.).

Earner (Line).

Eamnnd (Jjind.).

Eardnoi (Lond.).

East id/ [= Fastulf] (Thdf.).

Eidstan, see Eadstan.

Er/eri (Lond.).

Edwinnc, see Eadwino.Edaf, see Eihif.

Eda (C<(mlir.).

Edidhriht (Line).

Edclm (Lond.).

Edtlrir(Lon<l.).

Edi-red (Lond.).

Edid.-, see (dso JE^cl.-, and l'>ycl.-

Edfecer-i (Yorh).

Edric, see Eadric.

Edsige, see Eadsige.

Edstaii [= .ESestau?] (Hatli).

Edword, see Eadwerd.Edwi, see Eadici.

Edwiij (Lond., TIatf., WaUiwjf.).

Edwino, see Eadwinr.Edwinei [= Ed\vint;r'] (Hunt.).

Kh(Minc l-Elfwinii] (Chest.).

Eilaf or Eiloj[- Ecl<t/f\(\'nk).

Eilofa-ine (Sotithw.).

Elolniht [= Ellbriht ?] (Stanif.).

Elem<Hl [ = 7;/r/(oS or El/no's ?] (Cheit.).

Elenof, [ = AV/„oS?] (rh,-4., Lond.).

Elewinc [ = Kitwinu ?J (Cliost., Ctilch.).

Elfij't (Lond.).

Ell.-, Sre also .Elf.-

Eoda ( \\'ullin(jj.).

Eodman [lor CJodman ?].

Erowine (Derby, Thdf.).Esrea (Stamf.).

Erosiulf l=Erostuir}(York).EseiU'i (Limd.).

E-iwig, see Axewig.Eijrhitd (Exit.).

Eijrsifje (Wareh.).

Efdrine [Efdicinc^ (Lond.).

E5el.- see also iESul.-

EiL'llan (York).

E.rrf'i n (J^inc).

E.ts^ulf, see Eastulf.

Farenian\_= Farman7'] (Line).

Farman ( York).

Fast..lf, Fastulf, Fasulf, A:o. (Tamic,

Thitf, York).

Fiielnii 'i (Lijmne).

Fierseih ?

Folcard, Folcoard, iVo. (Xnrw., Thttf).

Frost iilf or Fros^nlf ( York).

Frv?iniuiid (Winchcat.).

Fij'hdt.-e ( Thelf.).

(iarlin (Linr.).

Gandf (Wore).(life (Line.).

Clioilivine, see Godwino.(I..d (Cadb., 7ij'./.,llch., Lond., Sudh.).

Cioda or Godda (Chest., E.\et., Jedb.,

I.ond., l>vdf., Shaft., Totn., H ore).

(Tddiog, Codi'ij, Arc. (Stanif.).

Godifer^, Godferh or Godifry^ (Gidb.,

Jjeices).

Gudihf, (iodolcof, Gmlleow, &c.,

(Stamf., Winrheh.).

Godt-man or (iodnmii (Cant., Cridd.,

DiiVir, Glour., llanr., Umf., Letce*,

Line., Lond., 'I'hdf., \Vini-hr.-,t.).

(,'.../,)• or (iodcro (Li.iid., Stamf.).

diidrii or Godiiil. see Godll'g.

(Jodinc(L/V., b.\f.).

(•<( iniaii, see Godcnmn.Godra (Lond.).

(iodric (Ihdl'., liridqn., Camhr., Caul.,

Colrh., 'lorCK I|V-,w., Loud, /,(/.(/.,

Lijmni', Staff., Stawf., Sudh.).

Godrii'o [ = (;o.i\vin<-] {Sidhunj).

Godu-ic [ = (i'("/(/V?J (liiiar.).

Godwiuf (Canilir., Cant., Coldi., Drrhij,

Dover, Exrt., (Jlouc, /^wir, Liue,,

Lond., Lijdf., liorh., Salish., Sid-

mes\ Sta'wi'., Siulb., Thitf., Tow i,

Totn., W'm'xw. Will.. Wiuehest.).

200 ENGLAND.

Cohi or <;,,ll,i ( Ynil;).

CohUInn (LririH).

(ioldiis (SiiUhU., Will.)-

(Joldwiiic (CaiiL, Loud., Korli.,

]Vinchi'M .).

(li<hjiiiii, Htr Ciilf^rini.

<;riiii (Line, Loud., Tliotf.).

<;iiiid (Line).(liiiKir, (tiinvr, fn\ (Drrlnj).

(iiiuhiriit {York).

GuithofuY (lu„nhof{(:h<d.).(iimni'(l{cdf.).

(Iitin'tiiii ? (Lhif.).

Jlanrrt'iif, Mniini'iit, or XaniTcnt.Jliiniryttl, >:ri' Ariirijtil.

llvii\\u\( (Chirli.J.inu\.. South ir.^Sudh.,

Wiiirhrsf.).

Hereht'ilif, llerebn-lit, Ilcicliyrlit, &c.

(Li'wcs).

Hiviilf or Hcnnilf ( ]]'i7irh('Kt.).

//, ,r»//- [ = Hoa\vulfy] iChich.).

jrianii >

JUIdnlfor Hildnlf (York).

Uihh'iq,' {B,dh).

Hundolf or llundulf [= Hildulf?](York).

Ifiiiicmtni (Tdtn.).

IIuiKwini' {Ex(t., T)mr., Tulii., "Watch.).

Hiiitiit [JIitni(i<i'} (Bardn.).

JIuniiia (Ihirdii.).

JfitiiKt<ni {C'Duhr.).

Jlicdi^mdii [Ifiridcmdn^ {Xoni\).

Umdamdii, Hwafenian, or Hwatmau{Ihrt'f., Norw.).

JA/.sv ( Wiinr.).

Ingelrie (Wincbcst.).

Iru, Ire, Irra, &c. (York).Jiti'ijd (Hdtic.).

Imjod, Isgod, or Jncitqad (Exct.).

Jiifiiic [ = Lufini'] ( W'lirr..).

Jiilsfdit [ = lus(a>t ?] {Line),luxtiiii {I^iiic.y

Ki/iiKi'ije, see l3yn.sigc.

La?of.-, see Leof.-

jM/e [of. Lefa] (iMml).I..cta, Lera, Leo/d, <tv. (Hast., Lcwcs).Lefinc, Looiinf, see Litinc.

liCf.-, see (dso Lcof.-

Leifwiue [ = Leofwiuc ?] {Letuj =" Line.?).

Lei/foTt)? (Of/ord?).

Leofa^lm [= Lcoflielm?] (Shrews.).Leo/ddg (Stamf.).

Leiifijar {Here}'.).

Leo/ij't {Mdhii.).

Leo/ijnil ((V/VA7., Soutlidnip., Wore).Leotlit'lm (Slirews.).

Lecfhese, Lenfhyse, or Leofhuse {Dover,Ilch.).

Leofinc, see Lilinr.

Leojine [= Leolwine] {Windiest.).

Leiifnuin {C'liisl., Ipitir., Line, Oxf.).

Jjeofmer {Norm.).

Lenfmon (('lirM.).

Leo/mo^ [ — L<-ofrio}5 ?] (7>>n/Z.].

Leo/n[oif]{llitnt.).

Jjeo/iiod, Lcofno?i, LiofnolS, &c. (lied/.,

ddmhr., Cdnt., ('hint., Lcwei),

Ijond., Mdhn., Hlireicn.).

Leafred. or Liofred{C(deh.. L(HuL,Sndli.).

Lcofric, Lefric, lAofrir., &<;. (('ant.,

Ihiver, Ezel., Ilurd., Ilrh., Ijisii\,

Line., Lund., Lyiniir, J^'orir., Koch.,

TnnuB., TlielJ'., 'Wulliiujf.).

Leqfriiie, see Ijcofwinc.

LeofrjiS (Lond.).

Leolnigo {Omdir., Glouc, Ilch., Ipsw.,

Slireifs., Sonlhiunp.).

Lcofstan, Liofstnn, &c. (Aylesh., Cant.,

Colrh., Jiisic, Ijeices, Loml., Xoric,

llomn., Southump., Southw., Urtf'i,

York).I.,enfsittiu {Exef.., Shrews., Windiest.).

Leofwig (Colcli.).

Lcofwinc or Liofwinc {Bnth, Bed/.,

Chest., Dover, Lewes, Line, Lond.,Mdld., Mdlm., Nevir?, None,Ilimni., iSoutlidmp., Stdnif., Sndb.,

Tiiniiv., Tdiint., Thilf., Walling/.,

Wilt., Winrhrsf., York).

Leofwohl or Liofwold (Cant., Colrh.,

Guild/., Lond., Sotitlutnip., Wane.Wilt., Winchest.).

Leo/fefjn {Thef/.).

Jjeortuin, see Leo/man.Leoivsige, see Lcofsige.

Ijeva, see I^efa.

Lifinc, Lifiiig, T^efing, Leofiuc, Lufinc,

Lyrinc, &c. {Bed/., Cant., Ijjsir.,

Line, Lond., None, Southamp.,Stam/., TT'((/ir.).

Lind {Lond.).

Lineri [= Lio/rir'], see Leofric.

Liof.- see Leof.-

Litman, see Lytclman.IJvegod or Liu/god {Lond., Stdm/.).

Living or Liwing {Lond., None.).Luda, Ludia, or Luddn (Exct.).

Lu/d \c/. Lefa] {Slui/t.).

Linnar {Here/.).

Ljye/ea or lAjva [of. Lefa] {Hast.).

l.iyfinc, see Lifinc.

^^'/./>';/'' [-Lnfsige?] {Dover).Lytchuan, Lyfeman, or I^itmnn (Ipsw.).

Mxrtin or Murtin {Shreics., Wore).Mdn or Miinn {Wtdlinnf., Wore).Miinn or Manna (E.xct., Line, Bornn.,

Tint/., Totn.).

^lanrri nt, see Hanerent.Mangoti (Exet.).

jMatiing or Manning {Dover, Norw.).Manicine {Coldi., Hunt.).

^TIIELR.ED II. 201

Mercicine (Leices).

Mna'i (Thet/.).

Nancrent, see Hancrent.Oban or Odun [cf. Oda] (York).Odii, (hhht. Odea, &c. (lp»ir.. Loud.,

WiiUiiKjf., Wareh., Winchtst.,Wore, York).

Odcofel [= O^cefi'l ?] (York).Otlirrim. see OJSgrini.

Odu [ = Od,i ?J ( Yorh).

Off? (Stanif.).

Of/M [ = Of/<(?] {Hunt.).

Oierhd ? (Curbrhhje ?).

0/j7„ ( Vorl:).

Onl.if (Lewes).Ur(ll)rij,'lit (Winehest.).

Osalf, Onolf, or Osidf (Derhij, Ipmr.,

Loiul., Tlietf., IW/t).

Onheren or O.x^eyvt {Thttf., Wilt.).

Oxcetel, Oscyte), &(;. {Cainbr., Cliext.,

Loud., York).

OsferS (Udvcr, /vr/c, Line, Loud.,Rorh., Thetf.).

Oxfnnii ? (Line).Osgar (Bed/., Derhij).

Os(jod, Osgdt. O.xLciit, &c. (Hunt., Line,jA»id., Winciie.^t., York).

Osmxr ( Wiireh., ]\'arw.. Won-.).

Osmund (Line., Loud., Stum/.).Osulf, see Osalf, &c.

Osverd.

0.swi[jr] (Bcdf., Lo7id.).

Oswold (Lcwcs, Lond., Xoni\, A'ott.,

Shrews.).

On^<irim, see O^j^rim.0?ibeni or Oufhern (Line).O^eneitr (Loud.).

0(5grim or Oii^grim (Line, York).

Oiulf (Chest., Yorh-).

Jl/egenhidd.

Jt-eqeinilf' ( Wiiichest.).

l{;el,u„ld [ = Ba;ejenold?] (Line.).

Itiifei, (Line.).

Hienlf (Chest., Shrews.).

Kodl)urt or Ilodbert (Line).Sicilnc? (K.xet.).

Sienian (8alisb.).

Surteff (So no.).

Hicwini! er Sin-ine (Criekl., Exel., Hunt.,

S(disl)., Shiift., Wilt.).

Scot (Slum/.).

Seertthrdnd (Sttim/.).

Seoleii or Sijoird (Soiithump., Wim-hi si.).

Sereloms [ = Stereol or Snurteol ?J ( Yorh).

Sihf, [cf. SilM)d,i'](Winehesl.).

Sihodii or Sdieodo ( Winehest.).

Sibw iiu> (Lciiid.)

Sib?ine?(L()nd.).

Sideman (llorh.).

Sidcwinc, Sidwine, Ac. (Cnnhr , I'ohh..

Creenirieh, Lond., IJcieli).

Siije/eri ( Wore).Kigeric (Watch.).

Si(jeul/ or Siijelu/ ( Walliug^f'.).

Siejeirine (Chest., Wore).SildodiCi (Mixflmii).Siol/[ = Si,jcul'/f} ( Walliwi/.).

Sired (Clour.).

Siric ( Winrhtst.).

Siwtdd or Siirold (Ipsw.).

Siiwine, nee yidwinu.Snelinij (Line).Snol/ (Line).Soi'iiiud [ = <'><«'»« 1/ HtZ ?].

Stegenbit (Line).Stefjeneiel (Line.).

Stcureer. Stirrer, Slyrctr. &.<•. (Line.,

York).

Stircol ( York).

Suiuerleda, Snmtrlefa, Siuiierlid, iic.

(Line, J\o//., Tiietf., York).Sitniijod [=Codsnnu'f] (Line., lAind.).

Sunol/ \,T SunnI/ ( Yorh).

fewartgar, Swe<irtcnr, &e (Sundw.,Stum/., Yorh).

Swcgen (Client., Line).Sirert [= Swertgnr'i^^Stam/., Yorh).

Swerteol, \e ( Yorh).

Swertiiie, Swvrtine, &c. (Xurw.).ISwetine (Colrh., Luud.).

Swetman (Loud.).

Swelijs (Lond.).

fewileuian oi Swilman (Southinnp,'\,\'iii-

C'llt'st.).

Wwyiling [= Swerting?] (Tlietf.).

Sijolat, see Stolen.

Toca or Toga (Cleh., Crirhl , L-.u.l

,

Miild., Winelost.)

I'lnnnie [= Tuma?J (York).Tuna (E.\et.).

'J'uni mnn (Sonlhic, Sudb.).

'I'liniiif (Buck.).

Udhrmf [M'/7/<,»H?J.

Linits, sir Winns.

lJI/[= Wnl/j (Clint., Line., Yorh).

Ulfeetel, iVe (Line, Xurw., i'ntln V,

York).

Ul/ijrim or Wul/ijrim (Line).

V'l/hi (Soul hum)).).

InUgn, Unbeiii, Ae. (Line)./ 'iiswoe (Shn ws.).

I ri (York).

I'nimnnd, sir Wilmund.W.il.iist, Welgi^t, W,dtist,k<.\ (Thclf.).

W.rl'is^ [= Wiehjisfl] (Thel/.).

Wallfer."" (IpHW*).

Wnnstiin, see \VtinHt4in.

IIW/7eWi n'liis, see Winri/os.

U: n'siiie [ = Wiii^'iqe] ( 117//.).

Wih^ilje (Clour.).'

]\'ihninid ((.'<iml>r.).

202 KN(;r,ANi).

Will or W inn ( W'nIliiiriJ.).

ir/m/[x] [=)i7/i«?j '(cv«z/>., rv.H-/.-.,

Jlrh.).

Whit: {Ihiihjn., Lymiir, Tnmir.).

Wiiu'il<iH, W'l/iiKjiiH, \'c. ( Yorlc).

Wiimiifi; Wyiisitjr, &c. {L'j'tl., Loml.,

SlimrK.).

Wintrrlxlu ( Ynrl).

II '/(//)( ()/•;), Wlllfhrnrn, &c. (Liiic).

W>ilf[sernUo'UI(}{CaHt.).Wiiilali {Liiir.l

'

Wn'UvUn or Wuinwlm (Cudb., Ildi.).

^Vulft?ar, &c. ((Ainihr., Hunt., Line,Land., Sfiimf., Wilt.).

Wnlfiintt, Wnlfijit, &c. (Le/c, Line).Widjiji-ini, xtc I'lfijrim.

Wuiiina;r, Widumr, &c. (i?arrfn., Jedb.,

Line, Lond., Norte, Shrews.,

Totn.).

WullnoS (Cok'h., Dorr/t., Jlirif., Lcir.,

Itoinn., Loud., Southavip., Thiif.,

AViiK-lifst.).

Widfiid, Widford, or Wul/njd (Lond.).

WuitVic (C/»W., Co/c7j., i/e)</., Xf/c,l.iiu'., I.tnul., Southamp., Wareh.,Wurw., Wore).

\\uW\i:c (Cumbr., Verljy,Exiii.,Li/nd.,

Vnrk).

WultVliui, (fee. (^y.?, Cant., f'olch.,

Jhrhij, iJovt-r, EzkI; Letcen, l><jiid.,

Slum/., AV'iiiclifHt.)-

Wiilt'wi or Wnlficiij (Cant.).

WuUwiiii- (Ciilrh., Ilth., Line, Lond.,(i.rt:, Wiiiiintrf).

Widhif i,Y WijIhifiChiHl.).

AViiI.-t'un [«< uho WulfHt;in] (Stamf.).

AVun.stiiM or Wjnstan {Bath, Chich-Winclifst.).

"\Vynsi<,'u (Kxut., Lond., Shrews.).

]?ciid(iiir (LciiX'n).

]y(,d\irhl pi'odfjyld, &c. (Line).pL-odrrd (Line, Lond., York).pif.uir (Lond.).

poniid (Chfst.).

porcetel,\)uTccte],&c. (Line, Southamp.,Torksev).

pore/ [ = porril ?J (Lond.).

\?or(jrini ( Yorh).

por.<i(jc (Lund.).

pon<t;in, por.-^lun, pnrstan, ic. (Line,Xorir., Stamf. , York).

pond/, purnll, &c. (Leie, York).

piiifjod (L'j:it.).

Desckiption of Types.

Obverse.

Type i.

Buist 1., diademed. Around, inscriji- I Small crosss pattc'e. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circles.|

tion between two circles.

[Cf. VI. XV. 2, \-c-.]

Similar; bu?^t r.

Type i. var. a.

I

Same.

[Cf. ri. XV. u.j

Tyjye i. rar. b.

Simihir : hii4 I.: in /runt, sceptre, I Same.

cross pomiue'c.\

ruii.l

JE'niELB.XD II. 'j(i:;

Obverse. Kcveree.

Type i. nir. c.

Similar; no suejitre in fn lut of Imst. I Similar; five crons^ea jinltt-Vrt tirmnged

I

in lurm of cross; ctnlral i<uv hirgeat.

[Cf. ri. XVI. Kl]

Type i. vur. d.

Similar ; bud I., dhkling hyend. I Siniifdr; fundi crogs pidt^i; <Ic., a$

[llild., ri. 'J, Type A. rar. c]

T(/y)e i. rar. e.

Similur; no inn>:r circle around huM. \ Same.

[Hild., ri. :i, T.jpr A n/r. /.]

7'.»//» ii.

liitd /., iliiultmcd. Around, aov;-/;*-

//o/( bttiriTU hro c•//v•.^^•.

Hand iif I'roridi'urf inituiiuj from

rliiitd^; nHLithertddi, A, (jJ. .-Iritj/Hf/,

iiiiicription hetirn u tiro virrlm.

[lliia . I'l ::. Tin.. 1$. 1.

Siiiiil:ir; Im.-I r.

Jypi- li. rar. a.

ISame.

[Cr. l'\. XV. S]

204 ENGLAND.

Obveno. Kcverae.

Simi'htr.

Type ii. vnr. h.

I

Shiiil'ir ; on cilhcr k'kIc of llanil, U) A.

[Tlild., ri. 3, Type B. 1, rar. c]

Type ii. vitr. e.

Similar; in front (f hrntf, Kcrptrc, cross|

Similor ; on cither fida (f Unni\, A GD.'pomm.€ii.

Similar.

Simihir.

[Hiia., ri. 3, Type B. 1, vor. I.}

Type ii. var. <1.

I

Similar; lines curved ()U_twards issuing

I

from clouds, and ^ W.[Cf. ri. XYI. 10.]

Type ii. I'nr. e.

I

Similar ; ^pithout letters on cither side

of Hand.

[Hild., VI. 3, Type B. 2, rar. a.']

Type ii. rar. /.

Similar; sceptre, crofs pa ttec. I Similar; Hand of Providence giving

Itlie Latin benediction ; i.e. thirdand fourth fingers closed ; cross in

Iclouds.

[Ct. ri. XVL 14]

JETHELRiED II. 205

Obverse. Ueveree.

Type iii.

Bust 1., diiulcmcd. Around, iuscrip-

tiou between two circLs.

Short crosrt, voided, frcquenlly witli

jiellet ill centre : in uii','k8, C R V "p.

Around, inscription belwecu twocircles.

[Cf. ri. XVI. 12.]

Type iii. tar. a.

Similar; in front of bust, sceptre, I Same,cross pummee.

|

[Cf. n. XV. 3]

Similar ; hast r.

Type iii. vcir. b.

ISame.

[Mild., ri. 4, Type C. var. c]

Ty2)e iii. var. c.

Similar ; sceptre, cross patt^e. Same.

[Hild., PI. 4, Tyjyt' C. var. d.]

Type iv.

Jhtd h, diademed. Annnid, inscrip-

tion hrtircen two circlcn.

Long rr(ni», voidrd, fn'/uintly trilh

pi'lUt in C( litre; tarh limb ttrmimi-

iiu/j in thric criHrtntt. Around,inscriiition : outer circle.

[Ilild.. ri. 4, Tyi>r D ror. n ]

20() ENGLAND.

Obverse. Reverie.

Tijpc iv. v<ir. II.

Piniilnr; rudo bust 1.; ins(!iii)tion I Sjiino.

(liviilcil by bust.|

[(Jf. ri, XV. 4.]

Type V.

Bmt I., in armour and radifde helmet. I Small cross prdf^e. Around, tnscrip-

Around, inscription divided by bust. \ tion between two circles.

[Hild., ri. 4, Type E. var. a.]

Type vi.

Bud I., in armour and radiate helmet.

Around, inscription divided by bust.

Long cross, voided, each limb terminat-

ing in three crescents : pellet in centre.

Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Ilild., PI. 4, Type E. var. &.]

Tijpe vii.

Bust h, in armour and radiate helmet.

Around, inscription divided by bust:

outer circle.

Long cross, voided, reaching to edge ofcoin ; pelht in centre ; iti angles,

C R V X. Around, inscription : oider

circle.

[Hild., PI. 4, Type E. var. c.}

^.THELR.ED II. 207

Obverse, Reverse.

Ti/pe viii.

Bust 1., in armour and radiate helmet.Around, inscription divided by bust

:

outer circle.

Square with tliree pellets at eachcorner: over it, bisecting; the sidi-s,

loHf^ cross, voided, each limb termi-

iiatint; in three crescents ; |H-llet

in centre. Around, in.scription

:

outer circle.

[Cf. ri. XV. 1.]

Type ix.*

Bud h, in nrmonr and rndiate hrlnut.

Around, inscription divided by bust

:

outer circle.

Long rroKs, roidtd, each limh tcrmi-

mttiiKj in three crc»rnit» ; in I ft andith angles, crescent. Around, inscrip-

tion : outer circle.

[Ilil.l., ri. 4, Type F.]

Type ix. var. a.

Similar ; rude bust I., dividing inscrip- I Same,tion. I

[Hild. Pi. 5, Type V. var. a.]

Type X.

TJie Agnus Dei r. ; belon; 7^ • C : vithin

border of dots. Around, inscription :

outer circle.

The Holy Dove. Around, inscription

outer circle.

[Hild., PI. 5, Type G.]

• Tlic Bfyle of this nnd the next type <b certainly Danish.

208 ENGLAND.

Obverse. Eevene,

Type xi.

Thr Aiinn* Dei r.; halow, on tithlet,

ACN. Around, inscription: outer

circle.

Small cross patttfc. Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Ilild., ri. 5, Type G. vnr. a]

Description op Coins.

No.

2ETBELIIMD II. 209

No.

9

10

Obverse. Reverse.

BAOAN.[IJutli.J

Type i.

•i'/EOELRED REX AN

ANC

I</EOE57\N- ON BROWt. 2«;-7.

Monoyer.

'I'ALFFOLD ON BA€)\Vt. 18«.

[PI. XV. 2.]

Tij2)e ii. rar. (Z.

«i^/E€)ELR/ED REXANCLCOX

-i^/EOELRIC MOBAOANAVt. 211.

7'(/j)e iv. far. a.

t'/EDELR/ED REX|

^-/ELFRIE MO© BADAfCLOR Wt. 20 7.

>^-/E€>ELRIi: MnO BAO7\rCL© (ricrctd.)

„ „ ' I'EDSTAN Mn© BA€>; Wt. 2U5.I

^EDXTAN M-n-O BAOANILCOX Wi. 2';\i.

BEDANFORD.[Bedford.]

Ti/ih; ii. viir. (t.

I^/EOELRED REX 4-O5PI MONETA BEDAFANILOVC

iWl, 2bi>.

Alfwold.

/K?Llric.

^Ifric.

iEiSelric.

Kdtitnn

(= JE»cbUu?).

08wi(g).

12

1.'}

vol,,

Tijpe ill. tvir. n.

^/EOELR/ED REX I i'/ELFSTAN MO BEDA' .i:ifBtuii.

ArcLcnx Wt. 21 :>.

Typt! iv. f'/r. (7.

^/EDELR/ED REX I ^'CVNNI Mt© BEDA j (Junni.

ArCL©I

Wi 27 2 '

II. !•

210 ENGLAND.

No.

iETHELR.ED II. lill

Ko.

25

2G

27

28

29

30

HI

32

33

34

Obverse. Moneyer.

"f/EOELR/ED REX ^^PVLFPI MO C/ENT WulfwiANGLCaX Wt. -JlL'. ( = Wulfwig?).

Ti/jte iv. wir. '».

*/E€)ELR/ED REX >^E/\DP0LD Mt0an:l0 C/ENT

\\i. 25 8.

t/EDELRED

Endwold.

AfCLO^CODPINE M-0 C/ENT I tJ.Khviije.

Wt, 22 3.

"^/EOELR/ED ., >->GODPINE MnOArsCLOVC E/ENT

Wt. 2G0.

I-LEOFRIE MnOC/ENT

Wl. 2t;4.

R-EX „ >^LE0FSTAN M\QI C/ENTI

"\Vt. 2J0.[PI. XV. 4.]

Type viii.

«i</E€>ELR/ED REX AN:

„ ANCL

^D0:DMAN M0 C/ENT\Vt. 182.

^L•E0F$TAN Mt0C/ENT

Wt. 20 2.

CISECEASTRE.[Chichester.]

Type iv. iv/r. <(.

•t/EOELR/ED REX 1 i«EADN0O MnO CISCANLLCW

I

Wt. 27 0.

[I'l. XV. 5.]

COLENCEASTRE.[a.lclio.stor.]

Lcofrio.

Lcofstaii.

OcHlmnu.

Lcofstnn.

Type i.

•i«/EDELR/ED REXANLL

^-/EDPINE MQNCOLENWt. I'.»3

KaJnoJ^.

vlMwino.

I- 2

212 EN(JLAND.

N.p.

3r>

3G

38

39

Ti/pc iii. v(tr. a.

(JJroken.)

^PVLFNOO M^O

H/EOELR/EJD REX i [•I-TOJCA M^O i:OLE[N]

COLNWt. 190.

Type iv. var. a.

4^/EOELR/ED REX I^LEOFPIG MQ© COL-

ANGLO Wt. 19-9.

Muneyer.

Trica

Wulfno«.

Lcofwig.

DEORABY.[Derby.]

Type viii.

•^/EDELR/ED REX AN! I •I'EREPI-NE MO DEi Erewine.Wt. 16-4.

DOFERAN.[Dover.]

40

41

42

43

^/EOELRED REXANCLOR

Type i. var. a.

^DODMAN M-QNDOFR

Wt. 20-4.

[n. XV. 6.]

Tyiw ii. I'ar. d.

^/EOELR/ED REX I ^OSFERO M"0 DOFRAANCLCOX

I

(Chipped.)

Type iv. var. a.

Godman.

l«-/E€>ELR/ED REXAhCLO

„ ArcLcax

^CODPINE MTO DOPEWt. 25 2.

^LyNSICE MQODOFERWt. 25 2.

Type viii.

"I--/EOELR/ED REX- I ^CyNSICE MOO DOPEAf^L Wt. 21 5.

Osfer«.

Godwine.

Cynsige.

Cvn.sijjo.

JiTHELli^U II. 213

No.

21 I ENGLAND.

No.

iETHELRiED II. 215

No.

72

73

74

75

76

70

80

81

82

83

84

Obverse. RfVirso.

•i«/E€)ELR/ED REX «i«£)yRSTAN MO EFERAN:L0 I Wt. 21G.

Type ii. rar. a.

•tEOELRED REX ^EILAF M-^O EOFERArCLO Wt. 20 4.

•^/EOELRED REX ^F/ELLAH M~0 E0FEArCL AVt. 21 G.

"t'/EBELRED REX AtilL J'FAXTVLF MO EFORWt. 172.

[•i<]/EDELRED REX ^^CHVJNDOLF M'O EFOANC-- (Broken.)

ii</EOELR/ED REX i'ODA MOhvETAANLLOK

.

EFERFIEWt. 22-5.

•i-/E€>ELRED REX HhTVnnE n^O EFERPICArtLCnX Wt. 2o 2.

Type iii. rar. a.

i'/EOELR/ED REX | I'OBAN M"0 EOFRPIAfNCLCnX

Type iv

•»j<-/e€)el-r/ed rexam:

t'/E-DELR/ED REXan:l0

•i-/EeELRED REXANGLO

p/EOELR/ED REXAr^LCW

HhEOELRED REX ArCL

85ANCL0

Wt. 20 5.

^EVTEL MQ0 E-0FRWt. 22 2.

•i-EADRIE Mt0 E0FRWt. 220.

^<LEOFXTAN Mt0EOFR

Wt. 27 2.

4<0OCRIM M0 EOFRWt. 21 4.

t-iVMERLDA MT0EOFR

Viir. Crops j>iitt«'<'

iu Olio untjlo of

cros.s iiiiil pollft

in nnotlit-r

Wt. 21 4.

I^VLFLETL MO EOFR •

\'iir Annult't in

li.i.i

Wl 2.'. 2

Moncver.

purstaa.

Eikf.

FiL'Uun.

Fastulf.

Ilundolf?

O.la.

Tummo( = Tuuiii ?>

Oban.

CytL-l.

Eutlric.

Ix-Sifstun.

O^prini.

Sumcrloda.

llfovliL

21G ENGLAND.

No.

8G

87

8S

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

Obverse. Reverse.

"i^NIEVNCII ONTI'ar. CroHH pattc'c

bcliiml liUHt.

•i^OEODRED ON EOWt. 170.

Type viii.

^/EOELREO REX TVfSC «^EOLCRIM MO EOWt. 21-8.

^/EOELR/ED „ T^r^LO I-HILDVLF M :0 EOFWt. 21 1.

•i«IRR7X MO EOFRWt. 21-8.

•I^NEOELRED REX TXfSC .^OBAN M~0 E:-OFRWt. 22 0.

.^/E€)ELR/ED REX i "^PVLFZICE MtO EOFR7\fsCL0 Wt. I'J-2.

•i<EDERED REX ANLLO I-OOiRXTrAN MO EOFVar. Crescnit in

one angle ofcro.«s.

Wt. 200.

GEOOA.[Jedburgh ?]

»i-/E£)ELRED REX7\n:lo

Type viii.

I'F'VLFM/ER Ml©LE0€)A

Wt. 20-4.

[PI. XV. 7.]

GIFELCEASTER.[Ilohcster.]

Type iii. var. <t.

^EDELR/ED REX, ^LOD M~0 LIFELE

AMILOVC Wt. 22-3.

•t/EDELR/ED „ „ ,

>^LE0FSILE M"0 CIFELI

Wt. 22 8

MoiipyjT.

peodred.

Colgrim.

Ilil.lulf.

Irra.

Ol.an.

Wiilfdige.

porstiin.

Wulfmaer

God.

Ijcofsiffc.

^PVLFELM M~0 CIFELj Wulfelm.Wt. 2.-)

„ GIELEWt. 18-7.

iETHELRiED II. 21'

No.

218 ENGLAND.

No.

^THELR.i:D If. 219

115

ik;

117

118

119

121

122

Obverse.

HEREFORD.[li.rrlonl.j

Type iv. i-ar. n.

•J^/EGELR/ED REX I ^ByRHSTAN Mt0AN:L0 I l-ERE

^Vt. 21 S.

•h- „ ,. "^DILION MO0 HERE7\ISCLCrV( Wt. 2J 2.

HUNTANDUNE.[Huntingdon.]

Ti/pe ii. vnr. n.

'i'/EOELRED REX 1 i'P'VLFC}\R M ONAfSCLCnX HVNTAN

1 Wt. 21-1.

Type iii. tvir. a.

>^/E£)ELR/ED REX I 4^/ELFRIC M HVNTArcLcnx

I

Wt. 21 2.

Type iv. ivir. «.

^/ECELR/ED REX ^/ELFRIC MOO NVNT

Moneyer.

Hyrbdtan.

Dillon.

Ar\CLav( Wt. 22 f).

•^©SDVT Mt0 NVNT7\fLLQ- I Wir. IVlkt iu li.ld.

I Wt. 25 0.

Type viii.

^EDELR/ED RE:X AhCI

^EDELXTAN MT0 HVWt. 22 0.

L/EPES.

[I -owes.]

7'i//ie i.

^EOELRED REX ^^/ELFfERD ©N :L/EP:EiANLLO Wt 21; 7.

Wiilfgar,

.Elfric.

.Elfric.

<)..gut.

.i%I%elfl(aii.

Jilfwcnnl.

220 ENGLAND.

No.

123

121

125

12G

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

131

135

Obverse. Reverse.

•^/EOELR/ED REX ^/ELFFERD ON : L/EP:E;ANCLO Wt. 21 G.

^ „ „ TIN I }<LEFA ON L/EHPE-AWt. \'J-5.

'h „ „ 7XNCI ^LEOFPIfJE ON L/EFEWt. 18-7.

-l-EeELRED REX ANDL- ^ONLAF MON LEFE

Type ii. rnr. a.

4-/EOELR/ED REX I .^EADCAR M"© • L/EPEANGLCW

I(^{base. Worn.)

Type ii. var. d.

Hh/EDELR/ED REXANCLCnX

4-HEREBREHT M'OL/EPE

Wt. 20-7.

•1^/E£)ELR/E[D] REX

ArcLcrpc

Ti/pe iii. var. a.

•i^LEOFNOO [M]-0L/EP

(Broken.)

„ L/EPEWt. 23-2.

^LEOFPINE M~0 L/EPEAVt. 21-5.

Wt. 22-5.

^OXPOLD M~0 L/EPWt. 2G-4.

«^/E€)ELR/ED REXAMLLCnX

Ty/je iv. rnr. o.

M-EREByRHT Mt0L/EP

Wt. 24 0.

LEIGECEASTER. Etc.

[Chester.]

Type i.

4^/E€)EL-RED REX ANC «^/ELFNOD ©N LEC-CWt. 20 0.

I

Moneyer.

Lcfd.

Loofwine.

Onlaf.

Eadgar.

Ilercbrcht

(Uereberht):

LeofnoS.

Leofwino.

Oswold.

Ilercbyrbt.

^lfno».

iETHELRJED II. 22 L

No.

•;•>•; KNOLAM).

No.

mo

ir.i

152

15:5

151

loo

15G

157

158

159

IGO

IGl

162

1G3

IGl

Obverse. Ucvcnic.

^/EOELR/ED REX -I-LODPINE- MOOANCL LINCOL-

I Wt, 210.

4^/EDELnED REX '

-fCRIHD ]A~0 LIHEL^\ALL W't. 21-2.

[I'l. XV. l».j

^/EOELRED REX ANDL 4-OOBERN MOO LINE(<lii].po.l.)

"^/EDELRED RE^I^ AUG- ^RODBERT I/I O Lll/ID

j

Wt. 22 4.

^/EOELR/ED REX -^VLFCETEL MO LINEANQL Wt. 20 4.

•t'PVLFRIL MO LINEOIAfSLLOR

IWt. 20 G

Type ii. rar. n.

«1</E€>ELR/ED REXAf^LCW

•I^/EOELRED REXAISCLO

•i^RODBART MOLIISDCOWt. 2G-2.

^VNBECN M~0 LINEOLWt. 20 2.

Ti/pc iii. far. a.

«I-/E€)ELR/ED REX . pSTECENBIT MO LINAWILCW Wt. 22 2.

,. AISCOVC ^VNBECN M"0 LINAVt. 21-4.

Type iv. var. a.

X-/EGL-RED R-E-X X/E-^CMAM N0 L- HE1\-\(D Wt. 24-2.

^/EDELR/ED REX ANIL •^/EOELNOO Mt0 LINE^Vt. 20 3.

^EOLLRIM MO-©ArciLox lin:

I wt. 280.

^/EOELRED REXANCLO Wt. 19-2.

^/EOELR/ED REX •^DRENC MOO LINIANIL- Wt. 25-2.

Moneyer.

(todwino.

(Jrin.l.

OSbcm.

Rodbert.

Ulfcctcl.

Wiilfric.

Rodbart(Rodbert).

Unbc<jn(Unboin).

Stegcnbit.

Unbegn(Unbein).

JEscman.

^SelnoS.

Col grim.

Drcn?.

iETHELR.ED II. 223

171

172

173

174

175

177

1G5

^24 ENGLAND.

No.

iETHELRiED II.

No.

194

135

19G

197

198

199

200

Obverse.

^/E€)ELR/ED REX ^COD M"0 LVNDONIANGLCOX Wi. 22 0.

„ „ ^LEOFSTAN MTQLVND

Wt. 23 7.

„ „ -^OSALF H ON LVWDIWt. 19 G.

Moneyer.

God.

Lcofstan.

Osalf or

Ubulf.

208

209

VOL

J«FVLFM/ER M-Q ' Wulfiua-r.

LVNDON '

Wt. 22 U. :

•i'PVLFRIC M^O I Wulfric.

LVNDONIWt. 22 7.

T-PVLFSTAN M^OLVNDOWt. 20 7.

Type ii. rar. d.

•i^/EOELR/ED REX I •i</ELFCAR M'OANGLCTVC LVNDO

Wt. 21 3.

201

22G ENGLAND.

No.

.IITHELK.ED II. 007

No.

22.S ENGLAND,

No.

/ETHELU.KD II. •1-1\)

No.

2; 50 ENGLAND.

No.

.ETHELR.ED II. 231

No.

287

288

289

2'JO

291

292

293

29-1

295

Obverse. Reverne. Moneyer.

•t'/EOELR/ED REX "I-EALDRED M"0 MALD Ealdrod.

ArCLOVC Wt. 23 G.

NORDPIC.[Nuiwicli.]

"I'EDELRED REXA-NLL-OI

Type i.

"^HPATEMN M"0 ' HwntemanNOROP: orHwatuiun.Wt. 19 8.

[Pi. XV. 1:5.]

Tijpe ii. ntr. u.

^/EDELRED REXArCLCW

^FOLEERRD MONORO

Wt. 25 0.

[I'l. XVI. 1.]

FolccarJ.

T^NILOVCI<M7\NNIC M~0 Manninj;

NOROPIE(Chipped.).

I

Type ii. vur. d.

>i>(InscrintiondouhIestruch.)\ ^M AN INC M~0 NORPI Maning.W t. 210.

i</EOELR/ED REX ^SPVRTirC M~0 NORO Swyrtinc (or

ANELOVC IWt. 21 1. : Swurtino).

Type iii. rar. n.

•i'/EOELR/ED REX]

"^SPERTIfSC MO NORO Swcrtinc.

ArCLcax Nvt. 25 1;.

Tyi>e iv. vur. a.1

^/EOELR/ED REX |i^/ELFRIC MO-0 N0RO .Elfrio.

AfCL Wt. 21 8.

Typi viii.

4«/EOELR/ED REX I •i'HPATMl MO N0RC,

IlwaU-mun.

ArCL- Wt. 22 7.

232 ENGLAND.

No.

MTBELTiJEB II. 233

No.

2151 ENGLAND.

No.

31 ;5

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

Obverse. Reverse.

SIOESTEBYRIG.[Sidbury V]

i^/EDELR/ED REXANLL-OR

Type i.

^EIOLNOO 0NSIOEXTEB:

"Wt. 21-3.

STANFORD.[Stamford.]

Type i.

•J^/ECELR/ED REX, .J</E£)ELPINE MO

ANLLO

J^/EOELRED REXArCLO

„ 7^N

•I^/E£)ELR/ED „ AND-

„ ANLL'

^/EDELRED REXANL-

ST-A-N-Wt. 23 0.

J-ZEDELPINE ONSTT^NF-^^'t. 24-2.

"I^EXPIL M-Q STANEWt. 170.

•i^LOD/EL M"0 STANWt. IS 0.

»I«L©DELE©E ONST7\-NFWt. 25-2.

"i'DODELEOE M~0 STAWt. lU-i.

„ AHF ! i'OEE M^O STAHF0I Wt. 19 2.

Tij}ic ii. var. a.

^/EOELRED REX I ^^PVLSTAN M"© XTANANCLO-

I Wt. 26 4.

[I'l. XVI. 6.]

4«/EOELRED REX T^fSCL

Wt. 26-2.

Moneyer.

CioInuS.

^iSelwine.

Eswig.

Godffig.

Godeleof?

Ofe?

Wulstan(Wulfstau).

/ETHELR.EU II. 235

No.

230 i:N(iLANl).

No.

^THELRiED II. 1^37

No.

2:;.s enclanh.

.ETHELR.ED II. 239

No.

240 ENGLAND.

No.

.ETHELR^D II. 241

No.

212 KNULANlJ.

No.

(^-^•>

)

CNUT.»

Rrcc. A.D. lOlG; died a.d. 103o.

Moniyers.

Aria or Aden (Cambr., Hunt.).^ad.- see Ead.-JEthmin (B>ilf.).

Miicc [= yEifric?] (Extt., None).JEijelUriht (Cliich., Ijisu:).

JFlfid/crii (None).Ji:gclm (Cbich.).

^gelmxr (Bath, Biiihjn., Line).iEgelric (ChM., aioiic, Ox/., Shaft.,

Southw., Windiest.).

^gelsige (Hast.).

JEgdicard or .^E^relwcrJ (Loud.).

iEgehvig or L'gehcig {Hch., Lcic,Winchcst.).

.^gelwine or Egelwine {Bath, Brist.,

Crichl., Liic, LonJ., Southw.,

More, York).

^gfrye[= iElfiydVl (Lond.).

JEgifinun or .iEisman [= Jilscnian ?J

(St;,ml).JElhriht 1= .r.gelhrihf] {Ii>nc.).

JFAilfdm, .Eltelm, &c. (lirewt., Cadb.,

Cainhr., Slirtics., Winchett.).

JElfige (lioch.).

JElfeh or ^EU'en {LonJ., Boch., Stam/.,

Wincliesit.).

^l/ere ( Yorh).

Al'lftr^ (None).JElfgxt or /W/git (Lond.).

M\i\i\xT (Bardn., Lond., Southw.,

Wareh.).

Mflieah or /Elflieh (Slinw*.).

yElfiioTS (Cbest., Hunt., Line, Salixb.).

yElfred or JElfnjd (^Cant., Hast., Lund.,

Salisb., Wilt.).

iEUrir-, JElric, tic. (AxmiuKt., Batli,

Brid., Cant., Chist., Chich., E.xet.,

Line, Lond., None, yiiaft.,

Soutliw., Wiucbest.).

JF.lfric Moglu (None),yld/nje [ = .7i7/r/cr] (Lmd.).^ilsige, >$^H>i g. -LV/xiV, &o. ("C «?!.",

Chest., illouc, Ilitnt., Hell., Linr.,

Lond., Southanip., Southie, Taunt.,

Walliiuif., Winchuat.).

uElfstan, jEUl^m, Aljft<in, &c. \Dorrr,Lond., None, Tumie, fVill.,

Wiucbest., York).

..lilfwouTil, yTJI/icard, JK\fvn iiI, .h'l-

iCfard, lie. (Aijltub, Chi ft., llaat.,

Jtdb., Lewes, Loud., Loiun., Soutli-

anip.. South te.).

2EUv.i or El/wi [ = .EIfwig. or JEK-wine ?] (A\lesb., Cambr., Cant.,

Htnf., Leic, Lond.,.s7<i)/i/., Thrt/.).

JElfici and Swencel (Limd.).

^Eltwig (Cambr., Cunt., Hire/., Hch.^Loud., WaUiufjf.).

.iElfwinc, .Ehvine, \c. (Bath, Breici.,

Brid., Buck., Ca;j<., Chest., Colch.,

Criekl., E.xet., Ileref., Ib-h., Lend,,Lydj., Maid., Or/., Salijtl>., Shaft.,

Southamp., Southw., Thetf., Totn.,

Wallingf., Wilt., Winchcst., Wore,York)

/L7/(rnR'J/us(/7<./i.).

yEl/icoll, fre Alfwold.yh'Igi'ltrine [ = iEgel\Nine ?] (Crichl.).

.Umxr [ = -iV//Ha.r] (Bch., Wilt).

jUgcnutn (SUnii/.).

JEscwme ( Wallintif.).

jEstan or Estan (liath, Winchiisl.).

yEdan Loc ( Winchtat.).

J&dhcrht or .Etdhriht (fptw)./milm (Chich).

iE?ebnii;r (TIch., Line).jTj' fhnan ( Wini-hmt.).

uE?ebln^ (Line).JEfdred (Winched).xEX.lric or /Eyerie (Datli, Chest., Oxf.,

Sha/t., Winchett).

Jh^ddan ( Winchid.).

^mdtcerd(Uunt.).jE^i hri or -4 ?( ltd [ = JEf'dtriq or .Ei'el-

wine](/W(.. I.^ie,Mahl.).

iE?el\vin<\ E^ehvine, ie. (Ai/bdi.,

Criekl., i/r/i.. Lane, Ltic, lAind

,

Maid, Southw., Winched., York).jTJf dirolil ( Sorie ).

.£lcric, tee iE^cIric.

• No coins arp known of fxlmnnd " IronsWo," fon of .f:tbilr»«l II.. «b«j rrlgtu-d. m rir»i MoKto Cnut, from Ai>ril lo Xnvcnibcr, 1016. In .Si>v. nib«r b* obUln«^ bjr uckly »«»• b«if of Omkingiiom (Wessex. Essex, and East Aiigllal, and dtrd the sam« niontb.

• R 2

ENGLAND.

(•III Hi ).

/i::".'.^.-tuiiI

.K''. l-.tiiMyl (Simiif.).

Ali'Hi oi J//-/ (.Kir>i-Vj (Clii.-l.).

AHwiil.l, AHwul.l, or .i:ij,rol,l (Until,

(ixt., JliM-h., Their., WinflioHt.,

ir..r.-.).

Air.-^.<' uImo .Klf.-

Ariii'flcl, Aiifi/lil, Iuiriiryttl,fcc. {X<itt.,

Won-., York).

Arm.If (York).

Axriitrf [.l-/////•=,l^/.';•^?] (}'„//.).

A^Jrrf' ( l.im:, JaiihI., Yorh).

Abgod, An^^out, Asguut, &.c. [ - Oagod ?]

(York).

Aglac [ = ()«lac] (Line).

Ax^rif) {Xorw.).

Ala [of. Ada] (Bardn.).

Bum mini, »rc Blacauiiin.

Jl.tlliir {Line).

Jl.ol.i, DoUiv, &o. (Glouo., Shdji.).

Ik-oni (Y'ork).

13liu-aiiuin, Blaccnian, &.c. (Guild.,

Nott.).

Bhimian (Xott.).

I{ojrji[= Boipi](Dovir).Bolhi, )*.r Binla.

Borstiix (Lond.).

Bnvntinc or Brunt iito (Line, Southic).

Brand {l<lamf., Yorh).

BrilitnocS, ncfi BrilitnocS.

Bronstaii or Brehdun [=Brunstau?](Malm).

BnfrroliYorh).BrimUin (M(dm.).Brid (Hast.).

Briluhn [= Brihthdm'] (SoutJno.).

Brilmtiin or Bruhstan [cf. Brenstau]{Midm.).

Briht/.r^ or Brildfr.vi (Lond.)Brihtina'r (Jhnr, Lond,, C^onlliw.).

Brihtiio?, Byrhlno^, Ac. (Cliich , jrast.,

Lond., Mtthn., Tlutf., Winchcst.,Yorh).

Brihtrcd (Cant., Land.).Brihirir (Linr.).

Brihticin {<>.rf.).

Brildiri [ = Briht\vinc?] (Creirk.).

BrihtwiiK' (Crichl., Land., Oxf.).

Brihtwnld (Lond., U inched.).

Brindiin, stc Brunstau.Brnina [ = BrunianVj (Lijdf.).

Bruniin or Briinuiaii (Colch., Loud.).Jhnn {Lond.)Itrnnrtnn, «< Brunstan.Brun-nir, Bryngar, &c. (,Lond.,

Shrews.).

Bruniuo, Briining, Brunnir, &c. (Bath,Lond.. Malm., Xott., Yorh).

Brnnman, ««> Brumau.Brutistnii, Briudint, &c. (Lond., Sand.,

Stmn/., Tiu If., Winchcft.).

Itrnnltil [= Briin8tnn?] (Line).

lirnnirln- (Staui/.).

Jlri/niii (Lond.).

Brijninr, nrt; liriitiinc.

Itiiri irinr ' Widliuiif).

Jtnrhirold or Biinrold { Winch:d.).

Jli/rhdiin or Jlyrndun (Taunt.).

Byrnni [= Byrnsigc ?] (Bardn.).

C'/i/'l (Ilch.).

Cicrla or Carhi (Exd., Jidh.).

Cwtil, gf'c CetcL('(iJdiirim' (Liir n).

Colic (Lond.).

Curil (Lond.).

Carta, Hce Cserla.

Cas (SVinchcst).

Catoelin (Stanif.).

Ctoca ( Winched.)Ccolno<5, Ceolnafi, Ciliwf, &c. (Chest.,

Dtrlrij, Maid., Yorh).

Cftol or Cijtil (York).

Ciniicig (Line).Cin.sige (Dover, Southamp.).Cindan (Dover).

Cniht, see Cyniht.

Cnofeln (Richb.).

Clint (Line).

Cnytcl [ = C///e/]("Cuet." =Cant.?).Codric, see Godric.

Colaman or Coleman (Lond., OjcJ'.,

Wallingf.).

Colbciu (Chest.).

Coleman, see Colaman.Colgrim, Colcrim, kc. (Line, Y'ork).

Coliini [= Colling?] (Lewts).C-orlae

Creiewine.Crinan, Crinna, or Crunan (Line,

Lond., Shrews., York).Croc or Crorl (Chest.).

Croa[ = C;w/](Chesr.).Crucau or Grucan (Y'ork).

Crurn or Gruru (York).

Ciinhof, see Guuleof.Cwulin, see Cairelin.

Cyniht or Cniht (Cambr.).Ci/nna (]\'inchest.).

Ci/til, src Cctel.

J)anJin[j-;\(Yorh).

Ihorinc (Land.).Piorsige or Dyrsige (Hert., York).Iknrine (Thetf.).

Ihnlda (E.ret.).

Jheni] (Line).Drojia or Drowa (Winclicomhe).Ihumjar [for Bruugar] (Shrcics.).

Dunstan {Lond.).J>nruig (Lond.).

Eadijar or Edgar (Lend.).Kadmund or Edmund (Lond., Xorir.).

Eaclno?, Ea'^nof', kc, (Hast., Hunt.,Lond.. Eoch.).

CNUT. 245

Fadred, Edrcd, &c. (Lnnd.).

J'Jadric (Ai/ltisb., Loud.).

Eadsi [= Ead^ige?] {Dover, LomL).Eadsige, Edsige, &c. (Dover, Exct.,

Jjond.).

Eadulf\_= Eadwulf] (Loud.).

Eadwc'urd, Eadwenl, Ivhvi rd, \c('LM\{\.,Sontlnc., tttaiut"., Waliiiigf.,

Wiucliixt.).

Eudichi or Edwig (Loud., Oxf., Thrt/.).

Eadwine, Edwiiie, &c. (Gimlir., Cunt.,

Colrh., Dover, I^xit., lifwes, Ijoud.,

Ox/., iSouthamp., Southw., Staiiif.,

Taunt., lliet/.. Walling/., Wln-chest.).

Eadwold, Edicold, &c. (Cant., Loml.).Eacrn (Li)nd.).

EuMabeard or Ealdeberd (Exet.).

Euldrcd (Litvcii, Loitd., llidf.).

Ealgar (Loud.).

Eardnoi or iVc/«o<5 [of . Eaduo<5](Zo«(?.,

liontn.).

Earncijtel, see Arncotel.Earngrim or Ennin'm (York).Eerie [ = Elric y] (Stevu.).

Edel.-, see .E?el.-

Edgar, see Eddijar.

Ednuer (Exet.).

Edric or Ediric [see aho Eadric]

(ILrrf., Tpxir., Lang., i/;ic., Luiul.,

U'aunt., TlietJ'.).

Edsie or Edsii [= Edi3ige?] (Dover,Exet.).

Edsige, siee Eadsigo.Edsigcwarc (E.xet.).

Eduta (Lond.).

Edwuld, see Eadwold.Eduar or Edward (Lewefi).

Edwear [= EadweardV] (None).Edwerd, sec Eatlwcard.

Edwig, see Eadicig.

Edwiiie, see Eadwiuc.Ejic (Xorw.).

Egelwig, see iEgelwig.Egelwine, see /Egclwinc.Egligt?(Bed/.).

Eilu-iije-^ [ = yElfwig?] (Th<f/.).

Eh,ri<i [= .Eir\vlg?i (Here/.).

Elf.- see .Eir.-

Eht(U(tst.).

Endiwern (Chest.).

Eoli (Ol^iis'O.

Estaii, see Jlistan.

Etsigc, &c. \_see also Eadsigc] (Dover,

Exet., Hast., Lomi., Stdi.^b.,

Shrews.).

Eistan [cf. ^h'stn7i:] (Here/., Shreic*.).

Etiige [ = Et8ige] (Shrews.).

E5ii.-, see iESel.-

Fxrgriin, Fargiim, &c. (Slam/., York).

Ficri'ciii, /'Vc/^of, Ear?ein, \c, (lluid ,

York).

Ealgar [= Ealgar?] (Land.).

Fadolf, Fastulf, ifcc, (Ipsw.).

Fereman.Vh c>.ifl (II( ref.).

Folherd or FoUired (Ip-sw.).

Fre^en-iiie or FriSiwiue (Steyn.).

Fre«i[c](Loiid.).

Fri^col (York).

Garidf(]nnchest.).Gcerlaf (Ipsic).

(iimulf, see Grimulf.Gnorine (Roch.).

God, Goda, Godd, kc. (Extt., Ilc'i.,

Land., Shaft., Winehest., Wore).Godaman, see Go Imaii.

Godan [ = Goda <>r Gudinan?] (Exet).Godcild, Gotcild, &c. (Wateh.).Godcira (iMud.).

Godefro?, ( Jodefri^i, &e. (Cant., Lewes).Godela^ (Hunt.).

Godeleof or Godleof (Hunt., Loud.,

Stamf.).

Godeman, see Godman.Goderc, Goddere, &c. (Lond., Maid.).Godgnd [=(to(Z] (Lond.).

Giidic (Gh)uc.).

(Iodine (Land.).

Godleof, S(e Godeleof.

Godiuiin, Godaman, Godeman, or Gor-man (Br 1st., Cant., Crickl., Dov«t,Hunt., Jjewes, Lond., Oxf., llomi.,

Tlietf., Winehest., Ynrk).Godrie, Goodn'r, Gotiie, &c. (Bed/.,

Cant., Chest., Coleh., Derby, Gloue.,

Hunt., Ilch., Lino., Ijond., Lyd/.,

Lymw, lioiim., Southamp., Stand'.,

Winehest., York).

Godric and Calic (Lond.).

(iodric and Swot (Lino.).

Godsiine or Godsnnu (Cambr., Cant.).

Godiri [ = Godwine?] (Chest., Lond.).

Godwine, Godwin, fee. (IJrdf., (.'amhr..

Cant., Chest., Crirhi., (J lone., Ilrh.,

Lane., Lang., Line., Loud., Maid.,Mylf., Norw., Oxf., Uoeli., Sidish.,

Shrews., 8t;imf., Thil/., Widlim/.,Warw., Winehest.).

Godwine Cas? (Winehest.).

Godwine and Ceoca, Ac. ( Winehest.).

Godwine anil Widia ( Winehest.).

Goerc [= Goderc?J (I.ond.).

Goine (iMnd.).

Goldus (Salisb.).

Gonian [= (;odninn] (Lond.).

Giiuwine, See (iodwinc.

Golsidin (Ipsw.).

Grim (Cambr., Tjond., Norw., Shrews.).

Griman.(Jrinieclel or Grimcytel (\Ano.).

(Jriinolf, (Jrimulf, Ac. (York).(irncan, ,«< Crne.m.G ridigar.

lilO ENGLAND.

(Jrurn, $re C'rnrn.

(Iiiiiliiritt ( York).

(Jmiliof or f 'iiM/«(»/(ClicHt.).

<liiu»iij(Itnnr).

(IuhIoii, (Jimlin, &c. [«« nlno lustiii]

(Mil.- ).

Ilntimin i>r llutnmn [= Ilwnliman?']

(Sorw.)Ifitirf'rrnut (J.inr., York).

ini.lolf or IliMnlt(Ynrk).

Jlil.lr.<l (Crirhl., Yorl:).

Iliiun or lliiuiiti (iU'i/m).

lluiiiin:m (Kxft., Soiithw.).

lluiicwino (Exct., Lntul, Watch.).

H iriihmnn or lIicatiiKtn (^Uurck., Nunc).Iliihl (TA^nd.).

Jiiiiniis (Li/mnc).

lr.-(Y(irk).

l^ajoil {Kx(t.).

Imirttnl ( Winrhed.).

luBtffrt'ii, lubtt'in, Iiutin, ludan, &c.

(liinc).

Tiadniier, see Leodmajr.Lnii'l/tri.

Lcoiwaf, [= Lpofwino?] (Stamf.).

J,rrif [ = Leofric ?j {Steijn.).

Lvfit, see liCofa.

Lrfti [= Leofa?] (Sonihamp.).

Lffxtan and Swcnc {Lond.).

Lcmriuin, see Leommmi.IjCinheii, scr I.cofd.-vn.

lA'0(liiia>r, liadiuaT, Leoi)uvr,&c. (Line.,

Wiiu'lu'st).

Leofii, Le/d, &e. (Chest., Lewes).Lciiftlicu [=Leof(legn?J (Staiul'.).

LcofJesCn] (Stamf.).

Lcofidxg [= Leofdegn3 (Stamf.).

Leo/qixr or Leofgxr (Here/., Lond.,Totn.).

Leojlii re (Hen/.).

litofiiic or Leofing, see Lifinc.

Leof, I [= LeofiioriV] (Here/.).

LeofnaH, LeofiioS, Lio/no^, &c. (Cant.,

Chest., Gloiie., Here/., Lewes,Southiimp., Wiiichest.).

Leofrod (Lund.).

Leo/red and Brun (Lond.).

Leofric (Dnch., Cunt., Chieh., Diinic,

Hert., Ijyuw., Line., Lond., None,Southic, St<im/., Theif.).

Leo/si, Leo/sig, Leofsige, &c. (Bath,B'df., Caiubr., Chest., Glonc.. llch.,

Ipsic, Leices, Lend., Stamf.,Warm.).

Leofstan, Leostm, Linfstan, &c. (Cant.,

Ipsw., Lond., Sidisb., Shreics., Win-che*t.. More).

Ijeofstegen (Ipsic).

Ijoofsunu (^V inoliest.).

X^i/iri Q; ?] {Chest, Line, Lond-,Wavfh., Wane).

Leoftriff(Cnmhr., Cliest.. Lond., Wanr.).

Liofwiiw, Li'ifwine, kc. (" Acxewo*'Hall,, llrdC, lirist.. Cant., (JIiohL.

CUi'h., Ci'ilrh., Dover, Kx<t., Hast..

Hunt., Ilrh., Lewis, Line, Lond..

Maid., Norsv., Itnrh., Honin.,

Shrews., 8idl(., Southufiip , St;inif.,

Thetf., Wal:ini;f., Wahlurjh.,

Wiirw., WinelnHt., Y'orh).

Leofwold (Lond., Shrews., Soutluimp.,

Stnnif., Wincliett.).

Leomnr [= Leodtn.-cr] (Jedh., jAmd.).

Leomman, Lcmman, Sec (Lond.).

Lcomred [=Leofred ?] (Loud.).

Jjeowi [= Lenfirig ?] (Chest., Warw.).

Leowidi (Che*t.).

IjCoSan (Line.).

Lerman (T<jtn.).

Jjewerd [cf. Liofwerd] (Lond).Lifine, Lcofmg, &c. (Chest., Crleld.,

Exel., ILrl., Ipsw., Line., Lond.,

Oxf., Ri-tf., Soulhw., Thetf., Warw.,Winrhent.).

Ufwidya (None.).

Ia(.-, see also Leof.-

Lindwin (Line.).

Liofhelm (Line.).

Lio/'man (Lond.).

Liofn (Bedf).Lio'fnoii [= Liofhelm?] (Line.).

Liofwerd (Ijond.).

Liof.-, see also Leof.-

Liwinc [= Liof\vine?] (Chest.).

IjOc ( Windiest.).

Loda [ = Goda?] (Cswa?).Lufa (Siiaft.).

Luferic [= Leofric ?] (Wore.).

Lufestan [^Leofotan?] (Salish.).

Lufwine [ = Leofwine?] (Dover).

Lyiinc, see Lidne.MacsuT>a[n] [= MateTian?] (Chest.).

Man, JIaua, ^lann, or Manna (Exet.,

Line., Norw., Tlietf., Wallingf.,

Welmcsf.).Mangod [cf. Godman] (Bedf.).

Maninc (Dover).

Mansige (Siidb.).

Mutan [= Mate«an?] (Line.).

Mutaian and Balhw (Line.).

MateTian, IMatSan, &c. (Line).Moglu (Norw.).

Moleman (Lond.).

Mas (llch.).

Nieici (Lond.).

Noridf (Stamf.).

Nor'fimin (Lewes).

Olm? (Fxind.).

Oda, Odea, or Ode ("Dnceniti" =Windiest.?, Ipsic, " Meonre,"Winchest.).

Ordltriht ( Winchest.).

Or.iric (Heref.).

Orisf, Orst, &c. (Camhr.).

CNUT, 247

Osharn or Osborii [gee also Oibern](Dorch., YoHO.

Osferft (Liuc).

Osfram [= Osgram?] (Line.)-

Os(jar {Dorch.).

Osgod, Osgot, Osgut, &c. {Line,York).

Osgrim, see O^grira.Osliic (Line, None).Oslaf {Lond.).

Ontnnnd (Line).Osulf (Loud., Theff.).

Onioard or Oswerd (Stamf.).Oswi, Oswig, &c. (Ilcli.).

Oswald (Norio., Nott., Stamf.).Oustman ( York).

OiSgrim or Oc^grim (Line, Yorlc).

Owulsige (Here/.).

O^au, OMii, 0«?>in, &c. (York).O'iharn or Othern (Line).Oibi (No7-w.).

Ot5grim, see Ou¥grim.Ofi^encar {Lond.).

Kicfen (York).Riciuilf, liienidf, or Iiinidf CSorw.)Kuiistiin [=Brunstau?] (Thctf.).

SiL'grim (Xott., Thetf.).

Sieman {Salisb.).

Ssewino {Brist., Exet., Hythe, Lijdf.,

Oxf., Shaft., Totn.).

Scula or Sculaa {Exet., Yorli).

Secoll or Sdecol [of. Snecull^ { Yorh).

Seolca { Winched.).

Sertino [= S\vurtiiic?] {York).

Siboda, s?e Sigboda.

Sihriht {Ijond.).

Sibivine {Oxf.).

Sidewine {Crichl.).

Sigar or Sigear (Winchest.).Sigbuda, Sipoda, or Sibode {Souihamj}.,

Windiest.).

Sigodia [ = Sigboda?'] CWiuchcbt.).SinoTS {Ijond.).

Sirioiid (Loud.).

Sired (Glouc, Loud.).

Siric [= Sihtric?] (Norw., liichb.).

Snuiwine or Sneaivine {Guild., Win-chest.).

Sneeoll [see also Secoll, itc] ( York).

Snel or Sitell {Cliest.).

Sneling {Line).Sola [cf. Swota] {Bedf).Spot, s<'e Swot.Sprafu! (WiiRdiist.).

Stiuiigriiu or Steingrini (Caiiibr.).

Staner {limit.).

Stanmnr {Thetf.).

Stirc, Stircar, or Stirrer (York).

Stircol, Stvrfol, .Vo. (York).Sti«nlf(Lond.).

Suurtcol { Wi i/h.).

Suetinc, Stcetinc, &c. {Land., Mijlt.).

Suinolf \_= 8unolf\ {York).

Sumerleda, Sumerlu<5a, Sumerlida, &o.

(Line, Lond., None, TJietf.).

Sunegod [cf. Godsune'} (Line).

Sunolf (York).

Surtinc, Syrtinc, &c. [= Swyrtinc]'

{Line, York).

Sivafa {Line).Swan (Lond.).

Swarnfuc or Swerafuc {Windiest.).

Swart, Swcarta, Swert, &c. (Line,Stamf.).

Swartafa, Swertafa, &c. {Dover).

Swartinc, Sweartinc, Swcrtiiic, &c.

(Chest., Derby, lAnc, Norie, York).

Sweartabrand, Swertebraud, &e (Line).

Swegeu (Chest., Southie, York).

Swenc, Swencel, &c. {Lond).Swet or Siceta {Cadb., Dorch.).

Swetinc, see Suetinc.

Swileman (Winchest.).

Swot or Swota (Bedf., Line, Shretvs.).

Stcrelinc [= Swertinc] {Soutlue).

Sicrunt {Thetf).

Syboda, see Sigtxida.

Svrtinf, .see Surtinc.

Tidred {Tlietf.).

Toca, Tooca, &e [=Toga?] (Crickl.,

Lond., Southie, York).

Trotan (Chtst.).

Uceadc or Ucede (York).

Ulf (Line, JUehb.).

Ulfbeorn {Line).

Uifcetel {Line, Lond., " Ustla," York).

Ulfgrini {York).

Umer^ {Line).

Ustman { York).

Unlgist {Thetf.).

Wa'dlos, Weeilos, &e {Line).

Wicdd {Baih).

Wxhjist {Thetf.).

Widrefan, Walrxffen, &c. {Line).

Ware? (Exet.).

Wataman or Wateman {Bridgen.,

None).Weddes, Wedles, &c. (Line).

Wdsit {Thetf.).

Wesig {Lond.).

Widia or Wudia {Stei/n., Wiitehc.<t.).

Widna [= ir/rZm ?J (Stevn.).

Wihred [cf. Winrcd] (Cant.).

Wihtsigf or Wihtsic (Wiucliest.).

1 1 7///(-- (/.;/-//.).

M'inas or Winus [cf. Wine] (Cadb.,

Crcwk.).

Wine or Winne (ExH., Winchest.).

Winean [of. Wine] (Thetf).

Winedicig, Wincdcig, Wineditj, &c.

(Cinit.).

Wiiteiiod [= Godwiui'] (Warm).

248 ENOLAN'l).

VVinrman (f^iJioh., Tliotf.).

AViiirrlor ir./Hm/frf. Wihrrd] (Cani.).

WiiiKtu [ -Wiiihtaii] (Ihnf).IIVhiii fcf. H'v/ic/) (hniil).

'WitiHluii or Wyn*tan (Sivlisb.).

'WitniH, dir ir/ri'/K.

"NVi^riii. Wiroriiic, Ac. (York).

H7l(/lr•^<;/n or n7<icJSc£^n (C(in<., Lei'c).

Wiiilid, mr Wiiliii.

"\Viill«rii, Wiillirorn, Wulfbcm, &c.

(T.inr., AViiuln-Bt.).

"WiillVi f =:\ViiIf8ig?J (Dover).

Mulhh (J),rh,/).

"Wiiir. iiii (Hell.).

MulOrd r^Wnlfred] (Land.)AVulf','ar(Lnn.l.)

Wiil/fjiii or Wiil/fiii (Line, S]ireicg.').

AVultrii.Tr, WiiIniiLT, itc. (C((»/6r., Jedb.,

J.dud., Oxf., liomn.. Shrews.,

Thitf., ^Vnrc.).

V\'ulfiio«,"\Vulno«, Wulnaf'^&c. (Chest,Glouc, Ijcic, Line, Ljond., limnn..

Shaft., Slam/., AViiichest., York).Wiilfrocl, Wiil/ri/d, &c. (Louil., S(dish.,

Slirews.).

Wulfric ("Ecornc." =York?, Exet.,

Jlerl., Line., Lond., Southw.,

^ynrw., Winched., York?).ir«7/*!/ [cf. Wulfsig] (Camhr., Qiest.,

Siuithic.).

"W'ulMfj, iVulMfir, W'lilsige, &c.(C'ninbr., Gudd., Hercf., Land.,Stam/., York).

WiilfMtni), Wid/Htin.oT Wiilntan (Brist.,

('(inf.. Ivxct.. JIunt., Liic., Jjind,,

South ic, York).

Wull'innl ( Kxcl., Glouc, Shrfwt.," Totrl.").

Wulfu-iri (Cant.yWuifwiiif! or Wulwino (Brist., Coldi.,

Crirhl., Leic, Line, Lond., Ox/.,

W(dlinrif.).

\Vulmiod [=\Viilfno«?] (Lond.).

Wnlu-i r = Wulf\vig or Wulfwiue ?]

(Oxf.).

Wul.-, Me al.so "Wulf.-

Wwm or Wyngi [= Wyn8ige?] (Lond.,Southw.).

Wynsigc (Jiri*t., Hunt., Lond.).^Vytl8tan (Ijond.).

Wlinicid (Cunt.).

pegcnwine (Exet.).

peodred (Lond.).

peorxi) or porei [= peodred] (Lond.).

perman (Jjond.).

porcitl, purcetl, &c. (Line, Lond.,Tories.),

punstnn [ = purstan or Wunstan](Land.),

pjircil [cf. purcetl'} (Lond.).

pureferh, purferd, &c. (Xorw., Thetf.).

purgod (Exet.).i

purgrim, purim, &c. (LJnc, Y^'ork).

purstan, pure>:tan, kc. (Lond., None.,Stamf., Taunt.),

pvrali (Line, Stamf.).

Description of Types.*

Obverse.

'

t Type i.

Bust 1., diademed. Around, inscription I Small cross patte'e. Around, inscrip-betwccn two circles. tion between two circles.

[Hiid., PI. 5, Type A.]

• Ilildpbrand, T\. 6, Types D. and D. far. a are Danish, and are therefore not included in thefollowing list.

+ The slnpl.- specimen of this coin (!«e No. 609, p. 300) in the National Collection, besides beingof an uucrtain nint. is too much worn to allow of being illu.~tratc<l.

CNUT. 249

Obverse.

Type ii.

Bust I.

circle.

Around, inscription : outer Long cross voided, each limJt terminating

in three crescents ; pelbt in centre.

Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Hild., ri. 6, Type B.]

Type iii.

Bust I., crowned ; in front, shield.

Around, inscription divided by bust

:

outer circle.

Quadrilateral ornament icith three

pellets at each angle, over ichich longcross raided, each limb terminatingin three crescents ; pelht in centre.

Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Ilild., n. 6. TypeC]

Type iv.

Bust I.

bust .

A round, inscription divided by

outer circle.

Over qnatre/oil zcilh pclht at apex ofeach cusp, lung cross voided, eachlimb terminating in three crescentJ<

;

pellet in centre. Around, inscri2>tion :

outer circle.

[Ilild., PI. 7, TypeE. var.f.'\

2:)U ENOLANK.

ObverM. Revcrne.

Type iv. var. a.

Jtu»t I., lUiKlemi'il. Aroniiil, iiiHcrijition I Same «« lad.

biiicvcn two circltH.

[Ilild., PI. 7, 'J'yj'i: E. var. </.J

Type V.

i^f/jf/ /., rroirited, wiiliiii quatrefoil. I Small crosa patt^e. Around, inscription

Aruund, inscription : outer circle.\

between tico circles.

[Ilikl., ri. 5, Type A. var. a.]

Type V. var. a.

Dust I., crowned. Around, inscription I Same,bitwven two circles.

[Uild., n. 5, Type A. var. h.']

Type vi.

Ihist I., diademed; sceptre in lift hand. I Small cross pat tee. Around, inscriptionAround, inscrijition divided by bust : i between two circles.

outer circle.

[llil.l., n, 0, 7>/v= A. car. r.]

CNUT. 251

Obverse. Beverse.

Type vii.

Bunt I., croivned, tcitliin qnatrefoil.

Around, inscription : outer circle.

Long cross voided, each limb terminating

in three crescents. Around, inscrip-

tion : outer circle.

[Hild., PI. 7, Type E. var. l:.]

Type viii.

Bust 1., crowned, witliin qnatrefoil ;*, On qnatrefoil, with pellet at apex of

with or without pellet inside eacli each cus]i, long ero?s voided, each

cusp. Aronnd, inscription : outer

circle.

limb terminating in three crescents;

pellet in centre. Around, iuscrip-

i tion : outer circle.

[Cf. PI. XYir. 1-3, &c.]

Similar; bust r.

Type viii. var. a.

I

Same.

[Cf. PI. XIX. 15.]

Type viii. var. h.

Similar ; bust 1. ; in front, sceptre.|Same.

[Cf. No. 220, p. 271.]

Type viii. var. c.

Similar ; qnatrefoil hrol-en hy huM, I Similar ; angles of qnatrefoil slightly

tchich divides inscription.|

arched.

[Ilild., PI. (J, Ty2)e E. var. h.]

* The qnatrefoils on the obverse and reverse vary in form ; on pome specimens the angles

arc much arched ; on others very slightly so that the ruiatrofoil approaches the lorra of a cirtli-.

'>V) KN(JLANI).

Obvenic. Rcvenio.

Tijpn viii. var. d.

Finiiliir; IhihI 1., dituli'inrd, within I Sumo aa l.itt.

iiuiilri'ftiil.{

[Cf. ri. XVIH. 2.]

Type ix.

Bu»t 1., icearing pointed helmet ; in

front, urejitre. Aroinid, inwriptionliiliriin tiro cirehx, ilirided hij IniHt.

On qnatrefoil, with pellet fit apex ofeach cusp, long cross voided, each

limh terminating in three crescents ;

pellet in centre. Around, inscription :

outer circle.

[Ilil.l.. n. 7, Type E. var. /i.]

Type X.

Dust 1., crowned, witliin quatrcfoil.

Around, inscription : outer circle.

On quatrcfoil, with three pellets at

apex of each cusp, long cross voided,

each limb torminatiug in threecrescents. Arouud, inscription: outercircle.

[Cf. ri. XYII. 12.]

Type xi.

Bust L, crowned, icithin qnatrefoil.

Around, inscription: outer circle.

Long cross voided, each limb termi-minating in three crescents; in eachangle,annuht enclosing pellet. Around,inscription : outer circle.

[Hild., n. 7, Type E. var. ?.]

Type xii.

Bust 1., diudomod ; scojitrc in loft

hand. Around, inscription divididby bust: out< r liid.'.

Long cross voided, each limb termi-nating in crescent ; in centre, circloenclosing pellet ; in angles, PA C X.Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Cf. ri. XVIII. 15]

CNUT. 253

Obverse. Reverse.

Type xiii.

Aromul, imcription divided ; Short cross voided, limbs united at baseby tico circles; in rack ciugle, annuletenclosing pellet. Around, inscriptionbetween tico circles.

J},ist hby J>ii.<t : outer circle.

[llil.l, ]'l. 7, Type G. var. b.]

Type xiv.

lUist 1., wearing^ pointed lu'lmot ; in

fioiit, sccplre. Around, inscriplion

between two circles, divided by bust.

Similar; Ini.st r.

Short cross voided, limbs united atbase by two circlf.s ; in centre, jjellet ;

in each an^le, bnjken annnlet en-closing i)ellct. Aroimd, inscriptionbetween two circles.

[Cf. PI. XVII. 5.]

Type xiv. rar. a.

I

Same.

[Cf. PI. XYII. 13.]

Type XV.

Jliist /., rrdinied. Around., inscription

between two circles.

Short cross voided, limbs united ot baseby two circles; in centre, pellet; ineach angle, brohen anmdet enclosingpellet. Around, inscrijdion betweentwo circles.

[llild., l'\. 8, Type G. var. c]

Tyjje xvi

Bust ]., diademed; in front, sceptre*

Around, insciiptioii divided by bust

:

outer circle.

Short cross voided ; in centre, circleeuclo.-sing pellet. Around, inscrip-tion between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XVII. 4.]

* The sceptre varies in form, terminating either in a fleur-de-lis, a flnlal, or a crozler (seeHiUlebrand, PI. 8, Types H., H. var. a, aud II. rar. 6.). The flciir-de-Iis t.\ pe is the ouly onerepresented in the National Collection.

2.-1 ENGLAND.

Beverae.

Type xvi. var. a.

Similar ; tM/orr hiixt, pennon. ISame.

[Ilild., I'l. 8, Tyj^e H. var. c]

Type xvi. var. b.

Similfir ; rude hmt tcithout diadvin;|Similar ; in centre, pdht ohJij.

sci'plre lerminates in Jleur-de-l is.

[KM., PI. 8, Type H. var. cZ]

r»/^e xvii.

lUist 1., fl iiidenicd ; .sceptre in k-ft

liiiiul. Around, inscription divided

l>y bust : outer circle.

Over short cross voided, quadrilateral

ornament with pellet at each an^leand in centre. Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XVII. 7.]

Type xvii. var. a.

h'milar ; srepfre not held by hand. \ Same.

[Ilild., ri. 8, Type I. var. a.]

Type xviii.

Dust ?., wearing pointed lulmet ; in

front, ^cci'tre. Around, inscription

bttwten tav circle.s, divided by bust.

Over short cross voided, quadrilateralornament irilh pdlet at each angleand in centre. Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Ilild., PI. 8, Type I. var. c]

CNUT. 255

Obverse. Reverse.

Type xix.

Bust 1., (liadeiiK il ; iu front, sceptre

Aioiiiifl, iiiscriiition divided by bustouter circle.

Over ehort cross voided, qundrilateral

ornament with three pellets ateiich angle and one in centre.

! Around, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. PI. XIX. 3.]

Type XX.

Bust 1., din(l(nif'd. Around, inscrip

tion divided by butt : outer circle.

Cros-', ronipo.^od of four oval.s unitedat base by two circle.-*. Around, in-

scription : outer circle.

[Cf. PI. XIX. 4.]

Type XX. var. a.

Similar; in front of hnf.t, sceptre.\Similar; in cent re of cross, pellet.

[Ilild., PI. 9, Ty^yr K. var. a.]

Description of Coins.

No.

2r)fi EN01-ANI>.

No.

10

11

13

U

Obverse. Rcverao.

BAOAN.

[IJiith.]

Tijpc viii.

I-CNVT REX ANDL0R:

„ RE^I^ ANCLORVM

„ REt

4</ELFRIC 0N BET^ONAVt. 22-3.

^/EOELRIE ©N B-7X07^

"Wt. 22-5.

«f/E£)EST7\N ©NBTXeTXNWt. 227.

[PI. XVII. 2]

R[EX A]NLL-0 [^/E€)E[ST7\].N 0N B7^£)

(Broken.)RVM

7XNDL-0RV

„ REX ANCL©RVM

•J-SL-FPZtLD ©N B7?€)

Wt. 17-3.

«i^7lLFF©LD ©N BET^ONWt. 220.

t'ENVT RECX:

^ENVT R EX ANL:

•^ENVT RECX.

•REEX.-

Type xiv.

I

^/EOESTAN ON B7X

Wt. 15-3.

^/EOEST7\N : ONB7\D7V

AVt. 170.

•i^ESTT^N ON B7\€)7^NN :

Wt. 16-6

Type xvi.

^/ELFRIC ON B7^€)AWt. 17-5.

•1«/E€)ESTAN ON B7\0Wt. lS-5.

BEDEFORD.[Bedford.]

Type viii.

•tENVT REX ANLLO I •^QODPINE M BEDRVM

IAVt. 20-0.

[I'l. XVII. 3.]

Moneyer.

iElfric.

iE(5cIric.

Alfwald or

Alfwold.

-^^estan.

Estan(=iESestau ?).

.^Ifric.

.^Sestan.

Godwine.

CNUT. 257

No.

258 ENGLAND.

No.

Hi

25

26

27

01)vcrie. Rcvoree. Moneyer.

CADANBYRIG.[Cadbury.]

Type \in.

•t-CNVT REX T^NDLO I >^/ELFEL-M ON CAD ^Ifelm.RVM

I

^Vt. 11-7.

[I'l. XVII. 6.]

C/ENTPARABYRIG.[Canterbury.]

Type viii.

^CNVT REX ANLL0R I ^PINEDEID ©N CEN- ' Winedeig.Wt. 12-3.

Type xiv.

^CNVT REX 7XNLL »i*LE0FN0O M-ON

TXNLLO

CENT:Wt. 16-8.

LeofnoS.

•t'PVLSTTXN ON WulstanEENTP7\ : (^VullstaIl).

Wt. 15-8.!

Type xvi.

28

CNUT. 259

No.

'iCO ENGLAND.

No. Obvoron.

42 I-CNVT REX ANLL©RVM

48

44

45

46

47

48

49

MINVT REX ANDL0RVM[I'l. XVII. 8]

Reverse. Moneycr.

•f-EOELFINE ©N CROC, ESclwine.Wt. lG-0.

"t-CODEMAN ©N CR©C Gr>dcmanWt. 23-2.

„ ANLLORV I'TOCA ON CROiCCIL

Wt. 14-8.

^•ENVT REEX

(Godman).

Toca.

CRUCERN.[Orcwkerne.]

Type xvi.

I

^PINVS ON CRVCE Winus?

IWt. 17-0.

[PI. XYII. 9.]

DOFERAN.[Dover.]

Type viii.

.l-CNVT REX AISCLORV ^QODMAN DOFWt. 16-5.

„ [AN]DL©R •i'PV[L]FC:l ON DOF:I (Broken.)

Tijpe xiv.

I^ENVT: RECX A: ^EINSILE OND0FRAN:

Wt. 15-5.

[PI. XVII. 10.]

Godman.

Wulfci (=Wulfsige ?).

Cinsige.

l^ENV- T R-EX A- •^L-EOFPINE ON DOF\Leofwine.

Wt. 16-8.

50 ' •i-ENVT REEX:

51 ,•I'ENVT -.-REEX:

52 ;>^ENV T RECX-

Type xvi.

^BOEA: ON DOFR 13o£ra

•I<EINSICE ON DOFR-Wt. 17-0.

^EDPINE ON DOFERA'Wt. 14-6.

Wt. 16-2. (Boiga).

Cinsige.

Edwine.

CNUT. 261

No.

202

CNUT. 263

No.

81

82

83

81

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

Obverse.

2G-1 E^ULAND.

No.

CNUT. 265

No.

2{;g KN(iLANI).

No.

CNUT. 267

No.

208 KNULANO.

No.

CNUT. 269

No.

270 ENGLAND.

No.

CNUT. 271

No.

21 'J

220

221

222

223

224

225

22G

227

228

220

230

Obverse. Reverse.

»i<CNVT REX ANLL0R ' 4*SIRED ON CLEPVar. Bcfuru liLt.d, 6 Wt. 16-6.

Ti/jje viii. var. b.

I^CNVT REX ANCL0: . -^CODPINE O CLEI Wt. 15-8.

«i<ENVT REX ANLL-0R ^LODPINE: DL-P]'ar. Pullut in each

angle of cross.

Wt. 17 3.

Type viii. var. d.

^CNVT REX SNLL-.- 't'C0DPINE 0N CLEPWt. 17-4.

[Pi. XVIII. 2.]

Type xiv.

I'E-NV: T REX 7^-N- i •i<B0L-L-A 0N CL-EPEWt. 16 3.

I<E-NVT R-EX TX-NC,«^C0D-R-IC 0-N LL-EPE

Wt. J 7-5.

i<ENV T RECX:

^ENV T R-ECX

•^ENVT -RECX-.-

Type xvi.

tCODRIC ON LEPE:Wt. 18-8.

I'SIRED 0N CL-EDE:Wt. 150.

tPVLNQO ON CLEPWt. 17-5.

GRANTEBRYCGE.[Cambridge.]

Type viii.

't'ENVT REX ANLLO I 4^5T/ENGRIM O LRAI

AVt. 11-2.

ANCL0R 1 -J-PVPZIL ON LRAI Wt. 110.

Type xiv.

I^ENVT REEX A I ^ADA ON CRANTI1

Wt. 11-3.

Moneyer.

Sired.

Godwine.

Godwins.

Bella.

Godric.

Godric.

Sired.

WuliioTi

(WuIfnoS).

Stasngrira.

Wulfaig.

A. la.

KNGLVNl).

No.

CNUT. 273

Obverse.

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

tCNV- T REC

•I^CNV T REC

HEORTFORD.[Hertford.]

Type xvi.

^CEORSICE ON l-EOWt. 15-7.

^LEOFRIC ON HEO:Var. Pellet only in

centre of cross.

Wt. 15-7.

R-EEX A

•REC-X:

I<CNVT: -T REX-.

^ENV -T REX-.-

Moneycr.

Deorsige.

Lcofric.

HEORWt. 15-5.

4<EE0FRIC ON HEORWt. 14-7.

i^L-EORIC ON HE-ORTWt. 17-8.

Wt. 17-4.

[PI. XVIII. 7.]

HEREFORD.[Hereford.]

Type xiv.

-i<CNVT R EX AN-I

»i^:FLEC-BIFL ONHREN

Wt. 13-5.

i^E-NVT: REX A-rC

i«-CNV T REC

4-ENVT R- ECX

«^OR-DRIC: ON HER-E:I

Wt. 17-5.

[PI. XVIII. 8.]

Tyi)e xvi.

I

4-ELEPII ON HEREF ' Elfwinc?

I

Wt. is-n.

•I'PVLSICE ON HERE-:I Wulsige

Wt. 18-3.I(Wulf8ii,'o)

r

FleclSifl ?

Oniric.

'J.U £NULANL>.

No. ObvetM. Beveise.

249

250

2'A

252

253

254

255

256

257

HUNTANDUNE.[Huntingdon.]

Type viii.

4«CNVT REX ANCLO) I •i'DODRIC MO HVNI

(liroktn.)

Type xiv.

4«CNVT R-EX ANG ^'CODLEOF ©N HVNTWt. 16-5

RECX A:

*CNVT: REX AN

"i-LTEOCDINE ©N VN :

Wt. 11-8.

I-PVNSICE: O VNTDNEWt. 15 3

[PI. xvm. 9.]

HYOA.

[Hythe.]

Typ>: viii.

*CNVT REXI

•i'S/EPINE OL H\£)AT^NDLORVM

|

Wt. 14-2.

[PI. XVIII. 10.]

L/EFES.

[Lewes.]

Monejrcr.

f^xlric.

Godleof.

Leofwine.

Wynsige.

t?aDwinc.

•i«CNVT. REX-ANGLORVi

Type viii.

•J-DODEFREO: N LEWt. 200.

^CNVT: REXANLLORV

^LEOFNOD M L/tPWt. 20-6.

[PI. XVIII. 11.]

Type xiv.

»i«CNVT= REEX 7^ , •J'/ELFPERD ©N L/EPE1 Wt. 15-7.

*CNVT- REX AN •i'C©LLINI ©N L/EPWt. 13 4.

Godefre*.

Leofno'b.

..Elfweard.

Colliui ( =Colling?).

CNUT. 275

No.

liTG ENGLAND.

No.

2G8

'2(5'.)

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

2hl

2o2

Obvone.

HhUNVT: RECX A

Reverse.

'I'PVLNOO ©N LEHR

Moneyer.

WulnoX

[I'l. XVin. 13.]

\Vt. 17G. (Wulfiioft).

I-CNV T REC: pPVLSTAN ON L-EHR-Wt. lG-2.

LEIGECEASTER, Etc.

[Chester.]

Type viii.

^CNVT REX ANGLORV I i'/ELFNOG ON LEI

I

Wt. 200.

[PI. XVIII. H.]

•I-DNT REX 7JNDLORVMVar. Pellet before head.

V(ir. Pellet before head.

^CNVT „

„ 7XNDL0RVM

„ TXrCLORV

^ENV.T REX ANGLOR

-I-CNVT REXANCL0RVM

Var. Before head, •'.;

behind, .•.

^CNVT- „

•^CNVT REX Z^NLLOR

•i>/ELFS\ ON LEIAVt. ISO.

^/ELF$IL ON LEIWt. 20-2.

^/E-DERIC ON LEGWt. 20-9.

«i</EORlC ON LE-LEWl. 21-7.

"i^ALLSi ON LEGEWt. 15-3.

•fCROFL 01/1 LEIWt. 14-2.

>i<ELEPINE ON LEG(Chipped.)

^ELEFINE © LEGEWt. 20-3.

Wt. 170.

•i'CODRIC- ON L-EGCWt. 201.

-^LODFINE 0N_EWt. 15-5.

ON LEIv;t. 10-2.

Wulstan(Wulfatan),

iElfuo«.

uElfsige.

^Xeric(= ^Selric).

Alcsi(g)

(= Alfdig or

-^Elfsig?).

Crofl.

Elfwine.

Godric.

Godwino.

CNUT. 277

283

284

285

28G

287

288

289

2yo

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

Obverse.

•I^CNVT REX7SNQL0RVM

Var. Buforc 1k;iJ, •.'

;

behind, pullet.

..ANCLORV

^IINVT- REXT^NCLORVM

^ENVT REX TtNCLORV

„ ZSNCLORVM

„ ANLLORV.

„ 7SNCL0RV

•i^LNVT „ 7\NDL0RVM

„ UNLLORV.-.

^ENVT „

^CNVT „ ANCL0RV:

^CNVT „ SNCLOR

„ 7SNLLORV:

i-LVNLEOF ON LECWt. 17-3.

Wt. 21 0.

^LEOFENOO ON LEIVar. Pellet in oiio

angle of crosa.

Wt. 150.

Wt. 16 3.

i<L/E-OFPINE ON L-ECWt. 2 IS.

I^LIFIC- ON L-ELI-Wt. 14G.

•I«LIPIN-E ON LECWt. 16-2.

'i'MALS.WDA ON LEIVar. Pellet iu Held.

Wt. 17-3

•i-SPARTIC ON LEIWt. 20-4.

•i-SPARTIN ON LECWt. 200.

i^^PELEN ON LEGWt. 19").

^TROTZfN ON LEGWt. 16-5.

^TR0TA:-N 0N LEIWt. 10 0.

Type xiv.

^ENVT n-EX AN 1 "^/EL-FSIGE ©N L-EIEEWl. IT) 5.

RELX A

REX AN

Moncyor.

Gunloof.

Lcofno^.

Lcofwino.

Lifiuc.

Liwino (=Liofwiue?).

JIacbU<5a(u).

Swartinc.

Swcgen.

Triitan.

Wt. 172.

t'CEOLHOO 0N LEIEWt. 1-2 5.

i«CR©C ©N LEICES:Wt. l.Vf).

..Elfsigo.

Ceoluo'S.

Cioc.

278 ENGLAND.

No.

CNUT. 279

No.

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

3n

322

323

324

325

32G

327

328

329

330

Obverse.

't'CNVT REX AN

i'LINVT R EX 7\NC

^CNVT-.- EX an::

>tENVT REX 7^N

»i«ENVT-.- EX AND:

^•ENVT REX AN

^CNVT REX 7XN

i^ENVT REEX A

Type xiv.

I</E€»ELMER ON LINE:Wt. li-5.

4<CVSTIN ON LICOLNEWt. 111.

^IVSTELEN ON LINE:AVt. ITtj.

"i'lVSTEIN ON LINE0LWt. 17-0.

^LEOFINE 0N LINE©(Fraguioiitd.)

•i-LEOFIND MO LINEOLWt. IS 0.

'I'LEOFPNE ©N LINE©LWt. 14-3.

•^LEO€AN ON LINEVLWt. 13 0.

^LIQFUEH OL-ILE0LILE:

Wt. 14-0.

^ENVT R-.- EX ANE: •J'OSFERO M© LINEOLWt. 15ti

•i-ENVT.-. EX A..

^ENVT-.- EX ANC

i<ENVT: EX ANC

•I*[OSL]AE MO LINEOLN' (IJrokcu.)

^SVMERLIDA MO Lll' Wt. 17 G.

"fSVMERL-IDTX ONLIN

Wt. 17 0.

"fENVT R-.- EX ANC: •i'SVMERLIDA MOLINE

Wt. 15 G.

R EX ANC 'I-PVLFPINE ON LINEWt. 15 3.

Moneyer.

/E^clmaer.

Gu.stin

(= lutitin).

lustegcn.

lustein (=lustegen).

Lcofluc.

Leofwine.

LcoSau.

Liofuen (=Liofhelm?).

OsfcrS.

Oslac?

Sumorlida.

I'ENV T REX

^ENV T REX.

Type xvi.

I«/ELFN0O ON LINE:Wt. i<;-7.

•t-ENVT ON LINE0LNWt. 170.

Wiilfwiuc.

.'Elfiio«.

Cnut.

280 ENOLANI).

No.

CNUT. 281

No.

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

3G0

8G1

3G2

3(53

3G1

3G5

^CNV- -T REX:

^CNV T REC-

^EHV T -RECX

»i«ENVT -RECX-.-

I) I)

•RECX:

«I<ENVT REX AN

't'SPERTEBRAND ON_lWt. 17-2.

-I^SPERTEBR ON L-1-

Wt. 17-2.

•t'PEDDES ON LNNEOLWt. IG-l.

^PVL-BERN ON L-INC:Wt. 15-G.

t'PVLFRlC ON LINCOWt. lG-4.

^PVLFPINE ©N LINWt. 177.

Type xvii.

I

t'OCCRIH Ol/I LIUCOLWt. 17U.

LUNDENE.[Loudon.]

Type viii.

"t-CNVT REX 7XNLL

ANCLOR

ANCLOR:

ANLLO-

ANCLORV

ANCLOR

ANLLO

RETX ANCLOR

•i<BOR$TIC M LVNDWt. 21-3.

^BRIHPOL-D LVNWt. 21-5.

I^BRVMAN LVNDIWt. 21G.

^EADMVND .O.ri-VNDiWt. 130.

l^EADNOD. ©ISLVNDEIWt. 15-5.

4^EADPERD LVNDWt. lG-3.

^EADPIN O LVNDWt. 14-8.

"fEADPINE ON_VNDE-Wt. UG.

I-EADPOLD O LVNWt. IDC.

Monoyer.

WoildcB.

Wulbern.

Wulfric.

Wulfwino.

0(5grim.

Borstig.

Brihtwold.

Bruman.

Eadinund.

EudnoS.

Eadwcrd.

Eudwine.

Ea.hvokl.

2i>2 EN(}LANl).

No.

CNUT. 283

Ko.

•2S\ ENULANI).

No.

CNUT. 285

No,

280 ENOI.AM).

No.

CNUT. 287

No.

4G0

461

4G2

463

464

465

4G6

467

468

460

470

Obverse.

I^CNV [T] RECX

^CNV- T RECX

MINV T RECX

•i-CNVT- REX:

I«PyNSILE ON LVNI

Wt. 168.

I

I

•i'PyNSILE ON LVND:Wt. 15-6.

^PyNSIGIE ON LVWt. 16-3.

Typi xvii.

»i<BRVNCAR ON LVND:Wt. 15-'J.

•tCNVT R ECX AN :

[PI. XIX. 2.]

„ LVNDE:Wt. 15-7

REC'i' ^PVLFRED ONLVNDENWt. 14-7.

Type xix.

•I'CNVTE: RERX: I "J^/ELFRED ON LVNDEI

Wt. 17 0.

[ri. XIX. 3.]

Type XX.

^CNVT- RECX 7\ I ^'BRVNMTXN ON LVNDI

Wt. 176.[PI. XIX. 4.]

^CNVT:RECX A. -i<PVLC;\R ON LVNDENWl. 153.

M.CLDUNE.*[INIaldun]

Tijp< viii.

"i^CNVT REX ANLLOR | fCiODPINE MELWt. '213.

i-CNV T RECXType xiv.

I

-l-CODERE ON M/ELDWt. 16-2.

Moneycr.

Wynsige.

Bruiigar.

Wulfrcd.

JEIfrcd.

Bninman.

Wulpnr(Wulfgar).

(Ji'dwino.

(Judcro.

* It is not possible to distiDgulsb wltb certaiuty between tho mints Ihlaldon uA MaliiK^.bory

See Introduction.

2HH ENULANI).

No.

CNUT. 289

No.

290 ENGLAND.

No.

CNUT. 291

\.).

2!)2 ENGLAND.

No.

510

511

512

513

Obvcrs". RcTersc.

^CNV T REX:

^-CNV T REX:

»i«CNVT REEX AN-

Tijpe xvi.

4«/ELFRED ON SEREWt. 15 3.

4-CODPINE ON SER-Wt. 16 3.

^CNV T RE-EX

514

^CODPINE 0N SERE:Wt. 11 5.

[PI. XIX. 0.]

^DOLDVS ON SER-\Vt. 1G7.

Moneyer.

iElfrcd.

Godwiiie.

GolJua.

"\Vt. lU-7.

Leofwine.

SI€ESTEBYRIG.[Sidbur)'.]

Type yiii.

^CNVT REX ANDL© 1 "^LEOFPINE ON- SIOERVM

I

'" "

[PI. XIX. 10.]

SNOTINGAHAM.[Nottingham.]

Type viii.

515Ii<ENVT REX AVDLO I ^BLACEMAN MO XNO ' Blaccman or

RVM Wt. 181.

51G

517

518

^ENV -T RELX

*ENVT RECX

•REEX

Tijpe xvi.

I

^BL-7^E7\MAN ON SNI

"\Vt. 16-6.

[PI. XIX. 11.]

ST/ENIG.

[Stc^yning.]

Type xvi.

I

-J-ECRIE ONN 3TEE

Blacaman.

Blacaman.

Eerie

•^FRCIPINE ©N ST/E:Wt. 17-3.

Wt. 130.I

(=Elric?).

FriSiwinc.

CNUT. 293

No.

'20 [ ENGLAND.

No.

631

535

53G

537

538

539

540

Obverse.

*CNV- T REX:

^'CNV -T REX:

*ENV T REEX:

^ENV- -T REE:

^ENVT -REEX.

•i«ENV T REX:

neverHO.

^NORVLF ON STANAVt. 15-0.

„ STANF^Vt. lG-0.

't'BVRSTAN ON ST7X\Vt. 159.

\Vt. 170.

•I^DVSTAN ON STTXNFOTWt. 17 0.

•I-OVRVLF ON STAN-Wt. lG-2.

SUeCEPEORC.[Southwark.]

Type xiv.

•i-ENVT R EX TtrC I ^/ELFCTXR 0N SVODWt. IGG.

Tyjye xvi.

5il 1 I^ENV T REEX.

542

»I</ELPINE ON SVOWt. lG-5.

Moneyer,

Norulf.

purstiin.

purulf.

543

544

•i-ENVT REE-X 1\ : 1 -^/EcoELPINE ON SV1 AVt. 14-6.

^ENV- T REEI

Type xvii.

I-/EL-FRIE ONNSVGEE

"\Vt. 170.

TANTUNE.[Taunton.]

Type viii.

•i«CNVT REX ANDLOR I •I'EDRIL TANTV

iElfprar.

iEIwine(^Ifwine).

.^(Selwine.

iElfric.

E.lric.

Wt. 13 2.

CNUT. 295

No.

'jix; ENGLAND.

No. Olivrrnp. IlovprKo. Moneycr.

551

553

551

555

550

557

558

PELINGAFORD.[WiiIliDgford.]

Type viii.

^CNVT REX A-NCL-0 I ^C0LEM7\-N ©N PELIRVM Wt. 1G:1

t'CNV -CNVT:

"fCNV: T RECX

^ENV- T R-EC-.

•i-EIV -T REX

Type xvi.

'i'/ELFPINE ON PELIIAVt. 17-5.

„ PELINWt. 17 9.

•i^EDPERD ON PELIN^^^t. no.

«i<LEOFPlNE ON PELI"\Vt. 17-3.

Coleman.

.^Ifwine.

Edwerd.

Leofwine.

PELMESFORD.[Welinesford.]

Type viii.

XENVT REX 7XNLL0RV I MVIT^N ON PELMITXEI AVt. 17-0.

[PI. XIX. 14.]

PIHRACEASTER or PIGRACEASTER.["Worcester.]

Man.

^CINVT R-EX 7\r€

>^CNVT- REX S-

Type xIt.

•i</EL-FPINE: ONPHRTX-.-"SVt. 16-9.

.^Ifwine.

i-T^R-NCTEL- O-N- ' Arncctel.POE: '

Wt. 13-2.!

CNUT. 297

559

SCO

5G1

5G2

5C3

564

5C5

5GG

567

568

569

570

571

Obverse. Moneyer.

FILTUNE.[Wilton.]

Tijpe xvi.

^CNVT: T REC-X: I -^/EL-FR-ED ©N PILTV iElfrL-d.

Wt. 17-7.'

PINCEASTRE.[Winchester.]

Type viii.

i<ENVT R-EX T^NLLORVM

^CNVT RE^ 7XNCL©RVM-.-

„ T^NELLORV

„ T^NGLOR-

..T^NCLORVM

R-EX ANDLCRVM-.

REX 7\NLL0RVM

„ TXNCLORV

REX ANLL0RVM-

REX ANGLORVM-

.^/ELFR-IC ON iElfric.

PINCSTR I

Wt. 18-8.

^/ELFSILE ©N FINEST ^Ifsige.Wt. 22-2.

"t-ZELFPINE ON PINE$T ^Ifwino.Wt. 13-4.

•i«7^LFP©LD OH PI Alfwold.Wt. 170.

"^BREHTNOO 01^1 NEST Brchtno^Wt. 200. (BrihtnoS).

•t'LE©FSVNV ©N p>INES Leofsunu.Wt. 19-7.

^©DA ©N FINESTR-Wt. 22-8.

><SIQ7\R ON FINESRWt. 17-2.

•i^sicoDiA ©^pl^^I:$T

Oda.

Sigar.

Sisrodia

Wt. 15-G. ( = yigboda?>

^XPRAFVL 0NF-INLSTWt. 16-2.

Spraful.

I'PIHTXILE 0N FINEST: Wilitsige.

Wt. 19 7.'

Type xiv.

•i^ENVT REEX A-.- I ^/ELFSICE ON PINEE:! ^Ifsiffo.

I Wt. K. 5.

2!)8

CXUT. 299

No.

:>()(> ENGLAND.

No.

CNUT. 301

No.

:5()ii ENOLANU

HAROLD I.

SUCC. A.l>. 103'); DIED A.D. lUlO.

Minuyers.

.T'tire (None).

York-).

yEj^clric {o'louc, Ojt/., Shiijt., Win-olu'rtt.).

JlAjrhrig (Ihrf.).

yEgdiriiie {BrM., Crichl, Ikh., Lane,Wore, York).

JL'Wrilit (//)«//'.).

yEI,'r,'l = JKlftiTcr\(Yorlc).

^ItVrc (Colch., HmU., York).

u^l/ipir {Bdrdn.).

yl'ljinr, get' ^Elfwinc.

^il'nuS {Line, Ijond.).

iElt'roil (Cant., Loud., Salisb.).

J^Unc or /Elric {Cant., Chicli., Dorch.,

Ghmc, TjowL, Li/df., Nunc, Staff.,

WaUi»(if., Wiiirfuxi.).

JEltsiu'c (Cl"u-st., Glniic).

Jl-)lMan {Wilt., Winchr.<(.).

iEl'fwald or iElfwold {Load., Norw.,

Theff.).

JEl/tcard or .'Elfwcrd (Brist., Hast.,

Laiuc, Ncnr., Winrh'd.).

JEJfiri [= ^Elf\vig or ^Ifwine]{Camhr.).

iElfwig or .Elwig {Bath, Cambr., Oxf.,

Thotf., Wallingf., Windiest.).

.^Ifwinc, /Elwine, Alfwine, &c.

(Chest., CricM., Derby, Ljond.,

Lydf., Norn:, Ox/., Southaiup.,

Stamf., Thetf., Wallingf., "NViu-

chfst., Yorh).

iElfwold, «<(' .Elfwald.

oilman l=.L\jrlman?] (Bedf.).

Ji7m«r [= JE<]<lmxr'Q {Bath, Oxf.).

JEbwt, see .lEIfnoS.

JElric, see iElfric.

iElwig, see iElfwig.

..lilwinc, see ^Elfwinc.

JEstan {Wincki.<t.).

yE^ihrine {Lond., York).

Alf.-, see ^If.-

Ahan/l= Al/stan ?] {Tamic).

Arcil, Arcyl, or Arncil [= J/- «<;//(/':']

{Stam/., York).

Arwil.l {Stam/., York).

Asj'i rS {Line).

Biorn or Btornn {York).

Blacainan (Nott.).

Jllacan [ = Blaoaman?] {lJ<rhy).

Bnrfa {Ihnur, None).JU'id or Bridd {HaM.).]}rihtiu;t'r, Brihttmxr, &c. (Lond.).

Brihtred {Cant.).

Brihtric {Crewk.)Brihticine { Buck.).

Brun {Jjund.).

Bruncar or Brungar (Lond.).

Brnnman {Lond.).

Brun.stan (Thttf., Windiest.).Brunwine, Bruinn, or Bundine

(Stamf., Walliiuj/.).

Cajrenan (Loud.).

Cxrla {Ex,t.).

Caldeitine {Catd.).

CeoG { Winrhcst.).

Cille {Chest.).

Cinevcicj {Lond.).

Cineinne {Uast.).

Cinewold (Land.).

Cinstan, see Cunstan.Colamau {Oxf.).

Coldsir/e or CoJtsige, see Goldsige.CoIgriiH {Loud.)

Courim (Line.).

Corf, Corff, or Corrf (Lond.).

Croc or Crocc {Chest.).

Crucan [^=Grucan t] {York).

Cimsitan or Cinstan (Dover).Cyldcinne, see Gyldewine.Cytil {Cant.).

Veorsif], Deorsie, &c. {Ilcrt.)

Duddinc\_= Dudinff] {Lond.).

Dufacan {^^.DuracanQ (York).Duracan { York).

Eadwold, Edwald, or Edwuld (Lund.).Edhie {Lond.).

Edmajr (Exet., Romn.).Edraed {Lond.).

Edric, Edricc, &c. {Hythe, Line, Lond.,Thctf.).

Edsieie l= Edsige?] {Exet.).

Edwacor (Cambr.).L'diridd, see Eadwold.EdieaUl and ]'?ealda {Lond.).

Edicard. Edwerd, &c. {Leices, Lond.,WalliiKjf.).

Edicig, Ediriig, etc. {Lond., Oxf.).

HAROLD I. 303

Edwine, Eilwene, Sec. (Dover, Uu^t.,

Lewes, Loud., Winchest.).

Edwold, see Eadwold.Egdinne, st-e JEgeludne.

Elbrilit (Ipsw.).

Eleidcj [= ^lfwig] (Ucref.)

Elewine, see ^Ifwine.Elf.-, see MU.-Eonred (^Vorch.').

Eowine l = Eoficine?'] {Land.).

Erncijtd l= Arndtdi'\ (York).

Ermjrim or Enjrim ( Yurie).

ErniKi {Ileref.)

Estan, see JEstan.

Etsige [^= Eadsige'} (Dover).

E<5ei.-, see JEiel.-

Eiereman (Loud.).

Fiergrim or Fargrim (Stam/.).

Fri^euine (Steyn.).

Gilacris or Gillacria [^=Gillechrist?']

(Chest.)

God, Goda, &c. (C7«c7i., Lond., Warw.).Gudaman, Godmun, or Godmon (Hi rt.,

Lond., Malm., Windiest., York).

Godau(Wilt.).Godeildd ( Watdi.).

Godinc cr Godine, see Godwinc.Godric, Goric, &c. (Chidi., Colcli.,

Derhij, Glouc., Hch., Liuc, Loud.,

Stainf.).

Godaigc, see Goldsigc.

Godsii, see Goldsige.

Godwinc, &c., see Godwine.Godwine, Gowine, &c. (Vorch., Lcwcs,

Lond., Ox/., Roch., Salisb., iStam/.,

Winchest., York).

Godwine and Ceoc ( Winchest.).

Godwine and Stcwer (Lond.).

Godwine and Widi (Windiest.).

Goldsigc, GvUsige, &c. (Line, Lond.,

Wilt).

Gonwiiie [= Godwine?] (Dorch.).

Goric, see Godric.

Goicild, see Godeildd.

Grimnlf(Yorh).(iyldcwiiii' (Cant., Chisl.).

lliurra (Exet.).

Uar^ucnnt or JJar^ecnut (Line.).

Ilunna (Exet., Malm.).Jfiratamitn (Dorch.),

JInhl (Lond.).

Im-ida ( York).

Ladiiuer or Lodmier (Windiost.).

Li film [= LioftSi'gi'n Vj (Line.).

LcfcnoT), See Lcot'no^.

Lcf.-, see also Lcof.-

Leo/dai, Lifidii, kc. (Stamf.)

Leofmser or Leom.vr (Jedb.).

Leofno^, Lcfciia?*, &<: (Cant., Cheat.,

GloHi:, Hirr/., Linr.)

Lcofrcd, Lifred, &c. (Loud).

Loofric or Lefric (Chich., Line., Lond.,South a:, 8tamf.).

Leofjitan, Lefstan, Lcostan, &c. (Cant.,

Lond., Shaft., Shrews., Windiest.,

Wore.).

Leo/wi [ = Leofwig or Leofwine](Lond.).

Leofwig (Chest., Line., Wuric).Leofwine, Leowine, &c. (liidf., Brist.,

Buck., Cant., Chest., Exet., Line.,

Lond., Norw., Oxf., Shrews.,

Southump., Thetf., "Wallingf.,

Winchest.).

Lrof<5egen (Bedf., Malm.).Liadrafen ? (Line).

Litinc, Liling, Lifnic, &c. (Cant.,

llast., Ipsw., JAne., Lond., Oxf.,

Southw., Stamf, Wilt., Winchest.).

Lifred, see Leofred.

Lodnuer, see Ladmrer.Lufric [= Leofric?J (Winchest., Wore.).

Mann or Manna (Line., Norw.).Mi,,diof(E.at.).

i\auinin [=Aor<5man?] (Line).Noriman (Lewes).

Ordric (Hcref).

Osfer^ (Line.).

Oslac (Line.)

0.<mund (Line.).

Ouclincar [^Ou'Kencarl?] (Lond.).

Oiberan or Oierun l=Oibeorn?']Line.).

O^grim, O^urim, Oirim, &c. (Line).0<5in or Oiinn (York).

Pororie, see AVororie.

lladir ? (Lend.).

Kiiifuir (Thetf.).

Jiinulf [= liincolf?] (Norw.).Sudnnan (llinf.).

Sivgrim (Xott.).

Sxwtrd ( Wiitchcst.).

Sffiwine (Brist., Chest.).

Scula (York).

Smil, Snd, or Snell (Chest.).

Stcwer (Lond.).

Stirccire (Cinnbr.).

Stircol ( York).

Suimrlid, Sunn rh da, Sumerhjd, &c.(Chest., Line.).

Sumrrlr [ = Sunurleda?] (Oicst.).

Sand' id 'f (Cant.).

Sunrddc, iV'c.[_= Sum<.rletla?2 (Line).

Swafa (Line).Sicart or Swi rt (Stamf, York).

Swartebrand, Swartcfrand, Sioertibrand,

&c. (Line).Swartine, Swortinc, Sco. (Chist., Dirby,

Line., T//.//'., Wallinnf.).

Swegen(C//'W.' York).Sicili ninn ( Winrlnsl.).

Swola or Swote (Bed/.).

;{0i ENGLAND.

Sicriirul/ [ = Sw(trlriilf?] ( \\'itichr»l.).

IVrili! ..r7v.,/r,(Y«)rk)-

IJI/ril i,r VlftilU'i'iiil.).

WiuU.MOT U'iiflo^il.ine.).

WiiMlrll <,r H'.</./(J{iith).

W.ilr.r/',n (Line).

W.ilf.id.iw.).Wiimmi'it (Lmid.).

W, riiw [ = SwLTtinc?] (Lhrhy).

WiiHiini (Ipflw.).

HV(//(f, \Vudia, &c. (Lond., Win-diest.)-

AVidi^' (»r Widifje {Land., Windiest.).

Wih,rim (Slum/.).

M'iiixl.iiijiCiii'it.).

Winnil (Ciiiit.).

Witistau {Siilinb.).

]nil„H [= ]\'(idl,»i'>} (Line).

Wi?iriuno or WitSuring (York).

Worurie (Line).

Wudia, tifi: Widia.Wullinirn, Wulborn, &c. (Line).Wulrot, Kn; Wulfgct.Wiihrinr [=Wuirwinc?] (York).

WuJj.h(l),rh)i).

\Vnii]in>\ M'C Wulfwino.Wulfgi't or Wulcett (Line, Shrews.).

Wnlfnd (Shrtirs.).

Wnlfric (Line, Shaft.).

Witlj'ictrd (Lond.).

Wulfiri or Wul/icie [= Wul/irifi or

WuHwini'] (Ciinl., Hunt., Lond.).

Wnlfwiiic, Wnll/n-ine, Wulwine, &o.

(IJriHt., C'ltmhr., Cant., Clicst.,

Colcli., Hunt., Lond., Maid.,

Wallinfi/., York).

Wiilf,'iir [=\Viilff,'ar] (Lond.).

Wuin..« [=Wuirno?i] (Dri.st., Cant.,

Cli'Kt., Ex't., Ltie, liomn., ]Vin-

chiKt.).

Wulxir, Wuhiqe, &c. (Here/., Lond.).

Wul.stiin [ = Wulf8tan] (Cant., Lond.,

Lcic, " Worime ").

Willira nl [= Wiil/irard] (Glouc).

M;,l,r!,i [= ]\'ulfiri<i](Cant.).

Wula-ii [= Wul/a-i(j or Wulfwinu](Hunt., Land.).

Wulwiue, 8K' Wulfwinc.WuiiHige [= Wynnige] (Lend.).

Wydia, gre Widia.Wynnir, Wyn^if/, Wynfiige, &c. (Lond.).

WynKifj'' and Wamanea (Lond.).

pialda (Lond.).

perman (Lond.).

pudini^i? (Lond.).

\)urcet[l] (Stam/.).

purgrim (York).

purstan (Line , Stum/.),

purtdf (Stam/.).

Description of Types.

Obverse. Reverse.

Type i.

Bust 1., diadoiuod. Around, inscrip-

tion divided by Lust : outer circle.

Cross comjioscd of four ovals, unitedat their bases by two circles enclos-ing pellet. Around, inscri^'tion :

outer circle.

Slime : hut o/ rude icvrk.

[Cf. PI. XX. 1.]

Type i. rar. a.

ISimilar; inscription htticeen tico circhi

[llild, V\ It, TyiK A. rar. a.}

IIAROL]) I. 305

Obverse.

Type ii.

Suitt L, diademed. Around, inscrip-

tion divided by bust : outer circle.

Lon/f cross voided ; in centre, circle en-

closing pellet: in angles, P A C X.

Arouml, inscription : outer circle.

[Hild., PI. 10, Type E.]

Type iii.

Bust 1., (liadcmcd. Around, inscrip-

tion divided by bust : outer circle.

Short cross voided; in centre, circle

enclortint^ jiellet. Around, inscrip-

tion between two circlea.

[Sec No. Gl, p. 313.]

Type iii. rar. a.

Siniilur : in front of Inist, sceptre.|Same.

[See No. G."), p. 314.]

Type iv.

J5«.s< /., diddemi'd. Aroiitid, inncrip- I On short croi^s voidid, quadrihitindlion divided by bud: outer circle. \

onmui-nt irith ptlht at each angle

(Dill in centre. Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Ildd., ri. 10, Type D.]

Type iv. var. a.

Similar: bust In iinwur : in front, I Same,slii' III and !<<< pire.

[llild ., ri. Kt. 7'.'//.. I), var. a.]

:}0G ENGLAND.

Obvorio. R«vcrac.

Tijpe V.

HiiHt l.,iliailiiiw'il, in armour; in front,

Hliiclil ami H<'i|>tr(>. Aronnil, iu-

Hcriptiuu diviiiud by bust: outer

cirdo.

Lonfj oro.s3 voided, limbs united at

tlioir baacH by circle, enclosing pel-

let : in cacli angle, trefoil of three

fxlletd. Around, inscription : outer

circle.

Similar : hu»l r.

[Cf. n. XX. 4.]

Tijpe V. vnr a.

Same.

Similar : bust 1.

Same.

pVIontagu Coll.]

Type V. var. h.

I

Similar; in first angle of cross, trefoil

1 of three pellets ; in second and third,

fleur-de-lis between two pellets

;

Iand in fourth, fleur-de-lis.

[Cf. PI. XX. 10]

Type V. var. c.

I

Similar : in each angle of cross, flcur-

I

de-lis between two pellets.

[Cf. Fl. XX. 2.]

Type vi.

Buft 1., hclmeted, in armour: in front,fhiihl (uul ^rtptre. Around, inscrip-

tion divided by bust : outer circle.

Long cross voided ; in centre, circle

enclosing pellet : in each angle, fleur-

de-lis between two pellets. Around,inscription : double outer circle.

[Hild., n. 0, Type B. var. c]

HAROLD I. 307

Description of Coins.

No.

.'508 ENCILAND,

Ni..

I)

10

11

12

13

U

15

10

IS

ObvcrM.

4-HAR. OLD REC

4-HAR OLD REC-.

RCVCMC.

•J-DVLNOO 0N BRICWt. 15 0.

^PVLPINE O BRIC

Monr-yer.

Wulno«.

Wulwiiio\Vt. IG-5. (Wulfwinc).

C/ENTFARABYRIG.[Canterbury.]

^HAR. OLD R:

Ty2)e i.

I

-I^LEFENSO ©rCANAVt. 17-3.

I'ype y. rar. c.

J-HI/IR: OLD RE

I^HARO. LD RECX.

I^HAR LD REC

I-HAR ©LD RE

^/ELFRED ONO CENWt. 140.

^LVLDEPINE O CEWt. 16-4.

M CE:Wt. 13-6.

»i«LEFSTAN O CEN(Broken.)

CICESTRIE.

[Chichester.]

Type i.

"i-HAR OVD R 'i'/ELFRIC ON CICESWt. 17-8.

COLENCEASTRE.[Colchester.]

Type V. far. c.

I«HAR: -OLD RE: I «^QORIC ON CONCI

Wt. 15-3.

•t'HAROL D RECX •tPVLPINE ON COL-Wt. 138.

LefenaS

( = Leofno<5).

iElfred.

Gyldewine.

Lefstan.

.^Ifric.

Goric(Godric).

Wiilwine(Wulfwinc).

HAROLD I. 309

No.

310 ENGLAND.

No.

HAROLD I. 311

No.

312 ENOLANl).

No.

41

•15

4G

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

Kcvcrno.

LEIGECEASTER, Etc.

[ClM.'Bti'r.J

^-HAR OLD REX

i-H?^R- OLD REX

"i^HAR DLD REX

^HAR OLD REC

„ REX

Type i.

^'/ELFSIICE ONLEIEE:\Vt. lG-5.

"i-ELEPINE ONL-EICE-.-Wt. 17 1.

[PI. XX. 7.]

I

'I'LEOFPIL ON LECIEEWt. 17-2.

Muueyer.

Type V. var. c.

^LEOFNOO ON LEICWt. 17-4.

I-PVLPNE: ON LEIOCWt. 14-8.

^HAR OLD REX

^HAR- OLD REX

LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]

Type i.

^EONRIH ON LINCOLWt. 14-0.

iElfsige.

Ehvino(.I'Ell'wine).

Lcofwif

LeofnoS.

Wulwino(Wulfwinc).

^SP7\F7^ ON

[ri. XX. 8.]

LINCOLN :

Wt. 17 7.

Type V. var. c.

^HARO LD RECX «i«CODRIE ON LINWt. 170.

•I^HAR OLD RE

^-HAR- OLD R-EX.

4«LI7\DRAFEN LirCWt. 15o.

•tspARTiN: o lin:Wt. 15-7.

Conrim.

Swiifa.

Godric.

Liadrafen ?

Swartinc

HAROLD I, 313

No.

54

55

56

57

58

59

GO

CI

G2

G3

G4

Obverse.

•i^HA-DO D RCX:

^HARD: LD REX

Reverse.

•i-PORORIE O: LINZWt. 15-9.

•tPVLBRN LINC:Wt. IG G.

•i<H-7\n OLD RE

I^HARO- LD REX,

i«HAR OLD RE

I-HSR OLD „

>i«HAR- OLD REX

"i'HARO- LD REX

•i^HAR- OLD REX

"i-HAR OLD „

•I-NAREII I'RE

LUNDENE.[London.]

Type i.

»f/EL-FNO£) ON LVND:Wt. 15-2.

i^C/ERENAN ON LVD.Wt. lf)-2.

Jloneyer.

Wororie ?

Will born.

iElfno«.

Casrcnan.

i-CODPINE ON LVNDE: Gudwiue.Wt. 15-7.

"MLOLDSILE ON LVNWt. 15 8.

•i«L-EOFPINE ONLVNDE

:

Wt. 17G.[PI. XX. 9.]

t'L-EORIE ON LVND-.-Wt. 17-2.

I<P.V.L-FPINE ON L-VNAVt. 17G.

"i-PVLC-AR ON LVNDEWt. 17-G.

Type iii.

^^OVONEAR ON LVWt. 20 0.

Goldsigo.

Leofwine.

Leofric.

Wulfwine.

Wuljrar.

Ou?>ncar (=Ou>eiu'arl?).

•Sl{ ENQLAND.

No.

C5

CG

C7

cs

70

71

72

73

7i

Obvorac. Reverie.

Typi' iii. var. a.

•i'HAR: OLD RETX | t'LEIFINE Oil LVNDWt. 11-5.

Type V. var. b.

"i-HARO LD REC-.- 1 ^BRIHTM/ER O LVI

Wt. 15-5.

[PI. XX. 10.]

Type V. var. c.

i-HAR OLD REC

»i«HAR-0- LD REEX

»i<HARO: LD „

i^HAR: OLD REX

•i'HARO L-D RECX

i-HAR- OLD RE :

^HAR OLD RLE-.-

„ REE

„ REC:

«i-BRVNC7\R ON LVWt. 13-6.

VJ NO yiADNVHSvl*Wt. lG-3.

"i-CORFF ONN: LVNWt. HO.

LEOPOLD ON LVNWt. 17-2.

»> i» ))

Wt. 15-5.

^COD ON LVNDE :

Wt. llD.

-J-CODSIIE ON LVNWt. 11-5.

'i'CODPINE ON LVNWt. 16-8.

•i^LEOORED ON LVD:Wt. 12-7.

Moneycr.

Lifin;

^LIFRED Om LVNWt. IC 7.

[PI. XX. II.]

•tHARO LD R-ECX i'LEOFRIC O: LVNI Wt. 173.

Brihtmajr.

Bnincar or

BruDfrar.

CorfF.

Edwold.

God.

Godsige(Goldsige).

Godwine.

Lcofredor Lifred.

Lcofric

.

HAROLD I. 315

No.

316 ENGLAND.

No.

HAROLD I. 317

No.

91

95

96

97

98

99

100

Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.

PELINGAFORD.[Wallingford.]

Type i.

t'HTVROL D RECX >t/EL-PIC ©NNPELINCT^

Wt. lG-3.

[PI. Xi. 13.]

Type V.

^HAROL- D RECX A I i^/ELPINE ON PELII

IW'i. IG a.

Type V. rnr. c.

I^HAR-.- OLD REC|^LEOFPhNE O: PEL

Wt. 15 7.

FILTUNE.[Wilton.]

•I^NARO LD REEXType V.

^LIFINE OI\N PILTWt. 15 7.

PINCEASTRE.[Wincbcstcr.]

Typr i.

^HARO- LD REX «i«/ECELRIE ON PILE- i .Egc-lric.

Wt. 1()().

iElfwig.

^Elfwiiio.

Lcofwine.

Liliiic.

tNAROL D REX

^HARO LD. REX

•tBRVNSTAN ON PIN i-|Brunstnu.

Wt. KJC.

i-PVDIA ON PlNCEST-.-i WiidiaWt. 17-2. (Widia).

:h8 ENOLANI).

No.

IIAROLD I. .319

No.

;;i.'o ENGLAND.

HARTHACNUT.Succ. A.u. 10 10; uiiiiJ A.u. 1012.

Mojipycre.

Auvlrir (Uorch., Ox/., Shaft., Win-clirxt.).

iEf^tlwnrd (Lond.).

y%/W [ = yE^'<'lwino ?] (Prh., Oj-f.).

JEgfUvlnc {Bri»t., Cnni., Ciirl;!., 'Jlrh.,

Line., Oxf., Soiiihw., Witham).

JFAcrie or ^TJrlrir [ = J'JI/ric ?] (Glouc).

yt7/'7( (Shnws.).

JElftw^ (Line).yW/rrd (Cunt., Windiest.).

Jii/ric or Alfric {Glouc, Line, Wal-

lindf.).

JElffiiil,:] (Chrst., Glnuc).

JKIfMan (Chmt., Ex,t.).

^Ifwig (^Cumhr., Southw.).

iElfwine, JElaine, Alficine, &c. (IlnnL,

Jjimd., Oxf., Southamp., Thetf.,

Wiiu'hcBt.).

JElvinuirii [= .Elfwine ?] (^WalUngf).JErnqrim ( Yorh).

JHKti'in (^WinrhiM.).

JEf'neine (Brid., Lond.).

Alfeard.

AtfiM^ (IJnc).

Alfnd (^Iliid.).

Alficard (Lowrf.).

Alt'.-, Kic, also iElf.-

Ahrard\^= Alftmrd'] (Lond.).

Arncitel (Lond.).

Aithic (Lond.).

I31ucamun (GuiM., Nott.).

Jihumnn [ = Blacamau] (Dorch.).

B(X}a (Ihn-ir).

Ih'idd (H.ixt.).

liruii or ]}ninn (Lond.).

Jhitnrtiin, me Brnnstuu.

Brunnd (Smtthir.).

Brunxtdn or Brunrtan (Tlnff.).

Briinirim- or Buruine (iStumf., Wul-

Iin(if.).

Calic (Lond.).

C>o[ra] ( Winch' at).

Cilhcrid [=aillvrri>'t'\ (Chest.).

Cinntiin or Ciniftan (Dover).

Colgrim (Line).

Courint'cof? (Line).

Corf (Lond.).

Jhxlda or Ihxh (Exit.).

J>udinic (Lond).

Dnnhird (Lmifjs.).

Earnvi (JLnf.).

JCdmrer (Exit.).

Edric (L^ond.).

Eilipird (Lnces).

Edwig (Lond., Oxf.).

Edirine (Jjond.).

Etmjf (Dover).

ESedan.Fxrgrim or Fargrim (Stamf.).

FriSi (Stovn.)

Godcild ( Wdch.).Godric (Glouc, Ilch., Line, Lond.,

Soufhomp., Stdmf.).

Godric and Calic (Lond.).

Godi<une (Cambr.).

Godwine (Uorch., Exit., Lond., Oxf.,

Bock., Salisb., Stamf., Thetf, Win-chest.).

Godivine and Ceo[ca^ (Winehest.).

Godwiuc and "\Vudi[a] (AViuclKst.).

Golda (Exet.).

Goldcytel (Exct.).

Goldgige (Lond.).

IL-vrra (Exet.).

llildulf (Line).

Hunna (Malm.).Uiratiman (Brift.).

Ldd' man [= Sideman'?'] (Warn:).Ladnuvr ( Winclird.).

Laftri or Liofivi [ = Lxfivine ?]

(Cant.).

Lcf.-, see Leof.-

Leofnoi, Lefcno<5, &c. (Brist., Caid.,

Chest.. Gloue, Hercf.).

Leofred (Lond.).

Leofred and Brun (Lond.).

Leofric (Cant., Yorh).

Leofstau, Lcfstan, &c. (Lond., Tl'crr.).

Leifii-ine, Lofirine, &c. (Cant., Chi.it.,

Chich., Dover, Noric, Stamf.,Thitf., Wane).

Leof^eejen.

Leonig (LAne).liilinc (Lpsie, Line, Lond., 0.rf.).

Maideof (Exit.).

NorSman (Letves).

Ordroc (Hrrof.).

Oslnrn (Sitiin?).

Osferf> (Line).

HARTHACNUT. 321

Chmund (Line, None).Oudrel or Oulfcd \^=Ouicit<l] (Loud.).

Oufiiuriirl, Oi^iurar, &c. (Loud.).

llineulf or Itiunlj (Xonr.).

l{ulni,i [=Wuluo«?] (Liiic.).

Ilumin'i d ?

Sxvard ( W'iurhi !>(.).

S.-ewino (Brut., Leic, WiucLest.).Siwerd ( Wurir.).

Snell (Chid.).

Swirt [= Swortinc?] (Stain/.).

Swfrti7u' (Dtrhy, Line).Swot (Bid/.).

Toci [=Tocu ?] (Lwid.).Ul/citil (Limd.).

W.idil (Bath).

Windi[^(j'] [= Winidti<j] (Cant.).

WUcrtrinn^ (York).

Wracu (Wiiichtst.).

Wu(li[a] [ = "\ViJiu?] (Winchett.).

Wulb^m (Line).Wnl/rh (Drrby).

Wul/rnl [= cf. Wul/ici-rd] (Glouc.

Loud.)Wul/iri [= TT'iJ/irtnt ?] (Hunt.).

Wul/wint or Wtdirine \Lanqp., Li-ic).

Wulno« (Exit., (ilouc, 'Sou.).

Wuhicud(Hiri/.).WnUi,), (Uiri/.).

Wuliniif, ftt Wtd/iciiU'.

Wuicird l=Wnl/wtrd'] (Glouc.)

pMji^iiciue (Ejcit.).

porcetvl (Loud.).

\?ori<tan or \?uriitann (Lotul.).

pttrcil [xte also pwrct/tV] (LviuL).

punjrim (Line).

Descrhtion of Tyies.*

Obverse. Reveree.

Type i.

UuHt, 1 , (liiulcmcd. Around, inscrip-

tiuu divided by bust : outer circle.

Cross composed of four ovals, united ut

their ba>C8 by two circlt.-s enclosing

pellet. Around, inscription : outer

circle.

[Sec Xo. 12. p. 326.]

Similar ; bubt r.

Type i. var. a.

I

Same.

[Cf. PI. XXI. l.j

Bust 1., diadeiued

in left hand. Around, inscription

divided by bust : outer circle.

Type ii.

in front, bccptrc[Over short cro^-s voidcil, (|ua«lrilater.d

ornament with pellet at each angle

j

and in centre. Around, inscription

I

between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XXI. 2 ]

Similar; no sciptre.

Type ii. var. a.

ISaute.

[Hild., PI. 10, Type B, var. a.}

* Hlldeliraud Tvpo E. I'l. II, Is ui>t dcsrriliol as It is of nanUh m.vle and fabric. Type II,

var. b, ri. 11, and" lypc i, vtr. a, I'l. \-2, may al.s<i Ik> I>aiil.-h <<.|>lo.s cf KiikIIi-U I'l'lii:*, I'lit a» tliey

rf.'<cinl)lc ill tlieir ro\'ci>c lyin-.t <oliit. i>f the Knullsh iiiliit«, Nnrwli li auil York, tbcy are iiit'liiditl in

tlic fulUiwiiig libt. Tlicy uVf given as 'lyiK.' l.\. and iy\>v vii. vai\ a.

VOL. U. Y

322 i:N(il,ANI».

Itevene.

Tyf»' iii.

Iliii>l I., illniliu'il. AroHHil, hmrriplionjSmull croKs jmtM. Around, in»crii>lion

(lirid'tl hi/ hunt : oud r rirrlr. \ b'twnri two circhs.

[Hil(]., PI. 11, TypeC.}

Type iv.

Dui>t 1. ; in front, eceptri: Around,inscriptivn biticicn tico circles.

Sliort cross voided, prlht in centre ; in

angles, C R V ^. Around, inscrip-

ti<m htween tipfi circUs.

[Hild., PI. 11, TypeD.-]

Type V.

J^uxt 1., in mitre-shapfd hdmet ; in\

Slurrt cross voided, limbs unit>d byfront, sci plri . Around, inscription

j

circle ; in each anffle, crescent en-

hcttceen tico circles, divided by bust. i closing pellet. Around, inscription

between tico circles.

[Hild.. PI. 11, Typ^-Y.]

Type vi.

Bust l.,ditid'mfd. Around, inscription

dividid hy huxt : out<r circle.

Short cross voided: linibs united by circle.

Around, inscription between twocirch s.

[Hild.. T'l. 11, 7»/;.. G.]

HARTHACNUT. 323

Obverse. Reverse.

Simihir ; in front, ecejitre.

Type vi. var. a.

ISame.

[IliM., ri. II, T,/},r a var. rj.]

Type vi. var. b.

Similar : hu>'t urariiuf mitrc-ghapcdliflmit, and ini^rri/itinn beticeen twocirch'X, lUviih'd III/ hitxt.

Samf.

[Hild., ri. 11, Typ, C. var h.]

Type vii

Bui^t 1., (liadt mrd ; in front, eojttr.:

Around, inscription divided hyhuM.outer circh.'.

Sliorl cross voided ; in centre, circle

endusincf pellet : in amjles, PA C X.

Around, inscription : outer circle.

Hil.l.. ri. 1-2. Typ, I.]

Type vii. rnr. a.

Similar ; lust r., in armour and I Similar : the liml>s of cross extend to

hclmetcd : 7io sceptre. edge of coin, each terminating increscent.

[Ilil.l., ri. 1'2, Tyj.r I, n,r. „.]

y 2

:{2i KN(iLANn.

ObVMM.

Typi vi

lluM /., iliitih nil il. Arnund, imcription(iivul'd by bttfl : ottter circle.

Ijftmj rriiKK rnidtd, liinfjs unltid hyrirrlr incUming jitlbt ; in each antjle,

fliUT -di' -lin Ix'lwctn two pdlcts.

Arouml, ingcrijition : uuttr circle.

[Hild., n. 11, Typo 11.^

Type viii. var. a.

Similar; hunt in armour ; before, shield

ami aceptre.

Similar ; pelkt at end of each limb ofcrofis, mid no pilUt on either side

of fleurs-de-liif in ungleg.

[Hild., PI. 11, Type H. var. o.]

Type ix.

J)u»t r., helmeted, in amour. Around,iwcription divided by hu»t : outercircle.

Long cross voided, p>lltt in centre

;

in each angle, fleur de-li« beticeeii ttco

]uUei». Around, inscription : outercircle.

[Uikl, ri. 11, Type U. var. 6.J

HARTHACNUT.

Descriptiox of Ck)iNs.

325

No. Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.

ECXECEASTER, Etc.

[E.XCttT.J

Tyim i. var. n.

4<HARD CNVT RE I ^COLDA ON AXSAP-.-

IWt. 170.

[ri. XXI. 1.]

•i^HARCA CNVT RE ^GOLD-EYTA ONCAX-.-

Wt. 17 0.

Golda.

Qoldcytel.

Blacauian.

GILDEFORDA.[(Juildford.]

Type i. var. a.

«I«HAROA CNVT RE I -i-BLACAMAN ON LIL-:

I

(Chipped.)

GLEPEGEASTER.[Gltjiiciator.]

Type ii.

4-HAOAC NVT RE i •t'/ELERIC ©NGL-EPEP:

Wt. 17-2.

J-HARO ACNVT RE -^LODRIE ONLLEPEEE:

Wt. 20' 1.

[PI. xxr. 2.]

HEREFORD.[H.Toford.]

Type ii.

C 1 .^HAR : OCN/ RE I i-LEFENOOC ON hEREl Lofono?!

1I

Wt. 10 0. ( - Lce.fIlo^).

[IM. XXI :!J

iEleric

( = .*:ifric?).

(Jodric.

320 ENQLANIJ,

No.

10

11

12

13

11

Obverse.

"t-HAROE CfVT RE

Revcrac.

4-ORDRECON HEREFO\Vt. 17 G

Moncycr.

Or.lrw.

i-HARO CNVT

•I'HARO AC:NV

•i'HARO LWT R:

4<HAR€> ACNVT R

LEHERCEASTER.[Leicester.]

Type ii.

I

•tS/EVINE ON LEHERWt. 17 0.

LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]

Type ii.

^COLGRIM ON LINE:Wt. 18-5.

•JhCODRIE ON LINEOWt. 170.

[PI. XXI. 4.]

•i^LIFINC Om LHEOE-,Wt. 13-8.

t'HARO- -ACryT

LUNDENE.[Luuilon.]

Type i.

I

t'LEOFSTAN ON LVNDI

(I'ierced.)

•I-HAR- OENV

fHA RAV

Ti/jh' ii.

i'/ECELFARD ON LV.-.

Wt. IG 2.

I-BRVN ON LVN-Wt. HO.

Ssowine.

Colgriin.

Godric.

Lilinc.

Lcofstan.

.^Egclward.

Brun.

HARTHACNUT. 327

No.

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Obverse.

*HARO CNVTE

Reverse.

'I'HARO CNVT

•i<LEFSTAN ON LVNDEWt. 17-8.

[PI. XXI. 5.]

OXENAFORD.[Oxford.]

Type ii.

j•ti/ECELPINE ON OXA:

I

Wt. 15-3.

[PI. XXI. C]

-I-HTXRDA CNVT RE ^/EDLPINE ON-

«I«HAR£) ACNVT

i-HARO ACNVT RE

coxe:-wt. 15-8.

^EDVIL ON CROXANAWt. 15-7.

-i-GODPINE ©N COXE-.Wt. 15-2.

"JiHARO ACN/

SNOTINGAHAM.[Nottiugham.]

Type ii.

"i-PVLNOD ON 3N0TWt. 150.

ST>€NIG.

[Sti-yning.]

22

Typi: i. far. a.

tHAROA CNVT RE I "i-FRIDI ON ST/ENIGE-:

IWt. 10 5.

[PI. XXI. 7.]

SUDGEPEORC.[Southwark.]

Moneyer.

Lcfatan(Lcofstftn).

.tEfrelwine.

Edwig.

Godwine.

WulnoS(Wulfno«).

1-HARO CNVTTyp> ii.

II'/ELVII ON SVOCER-

I

Wt. 18-3.

[PI. XXI. 8.J

Fii«i.

yElfwig ?

;528 EN(iLANl).

No. Obvornc. Moncyer.

23

PINCEASTRE.[WiiichcBtcr.]

Typr i. vnr. a.

•tHAROA CNVT RE 1 4^/ELFPINE ON PICE: iElfwine.

IWt. 16-6.

[PI. XXI. 9.]

24

25

^GODPINE- PVDI ON CirMlwinn

PI-: and \Vudi(n).

\Vt. IG 8.

Tijpf ii.

•tHARO CNV REX ^S/EFINE ONPINEEST:

Mt. 180.[PI. XXI. 10.]

S«3winc.

( 320 )

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Slxc. a.d. 1042; died a.d. lOOtJ.

^Joneyers.

Mitnn [ = iE.stan ?] {Winch sL).

^(Igar (liond.).

^tlric, Edric, &c. (Cant.. Line, Lond.,Thetf.).

iEdward, see Eadward..^elric \_see also Jilfric] (Glonc,

HfTC'f., Lond.).

iEgelmair (Bath),.^gelric or Egelric (Glouc, Lcic,

Lond., Oxf.).

iEgelsie (Thetf.).

JEgelsig {Loud.).

yEgclward (Lond.).

yEgelwcr [iEgolwerd] (Lond.).

.lEgelwig or Egelwig (Lond., 0.r/.).

.tEgelwine {Agticor?, Crickl., 'Ilch.,

Leic, Lond., Oxf., Tamw., Win-chest., Wore),

^ilsio (Thftf.).

iEilwig (Wallingf.).

.iEilwino [«ee also .lEgelwine],

(Crickl.).

iElfch (Shrews., Stamf.).

iElferc, ^Elfhcro, or'Elfiro {Stam/.,

York).

^Iffet (Lond.).

yElfgar (Chest., Lond.).

iElfgct(Linc.).jEl/mrrr.

iElfno«, .Elno«, or Elfno» (Line,Loud.).

/Elfrod or Klfred(Cant.. Lond.. York).

.lElfric, .iElrie, or EllVic {JIdrdn., Brist.,

Cant., Exet., G/<*ue, (iuild., Lcic,Lond., Lydf., Southic., Staf.,

Thetf.).

iElfsie, Alfsio, Elfsic, &c. (Cliest.,

ftlouc., Lewes, Lond., Thetf.,

W'lirw.).

^<:ifsig, iElfsigc, Elfsige, Elxige

(Ciiest., (lloHC, Lond.).yl^lftjJan, «(» Llf.stan.

yElfwald, ^IfwoM. Alfwald,(Lond.. Sali^h., Wilt.).

iElfward, .Elfw.ar.l, .Elfwcrd,

&c.

&c.

VI rd, iVc.

Shaft.).

Elf-(Brist., Cant., Lond.,

iElfwi or J-Ufa-ie [= ^Elfwig or

yElfwine], {Camhr., Heref., Loud.,

Thrtf.).

^Ifwig, ^Iwig, kc. (Brist., C.imbr.,

Lond., Oxf., Thif., WaUiiuj/.).

.lElfsvinc, ^Ehvinc, Elfwiue, &c.

(Bri.st., Cambr., Chicli., Colch.,

Crickl., Dovir, Exet., Guild.,

Ilert., Hunt., Ilythe, Ilch., Ipsw.,

Line, Lond., Norw., Oxf.,

Southamp., Southw., Thetf., Wilt.,

Windiest., Wore, York)..Elfwold, see ^Elfwald.

.Elfwond [= .Elfwold?] (Lond.).

jElmur {Both).

,Elmon (Bedf.).

.Elncd, Elricd, &c., (Cant.).

J<:iric [=-Slfric?] (Glouc, ITere/.,

Leic.).'

.^rfrc [cf. Arfra] (Stamf.).

.^Estan, Astan, or Estan {Brii't., ^^<>ln^^.,

Warw., Winchest.).JEstan and Loc (Winchest.)yJJgtmur or Extmar {Lond.).

yEwulf, see Eawulf.JE^ehcpard.JEMicine {Thetf., Y<>rh).

iESestan (Brist, Winchest.).

Agamund (Line).Aldgnr (Lond.).

Aleof(York).Allsie. xr. .Elfsie.

Alfwald or Alfwold. sr, .Elfwal.l.

Aliiniuiid (Nott.).

Alric (Lond.).

Alxxi [ = .Elfsig?] (Chest.).

Anderboda or Anderbode (Winchest.).

Ansira.

Arbctel [= Amcetel ?] (York).

Arfra [= yErfaraV] (Stamf.).

Arnc(d, Amcetel, Amcytel, Arhrtil,

\-e (York).

Arngrim, .lErngrim, or Erngrim(^'/J,^7..

Nott., York).AsefirS [= Osfer« ?] (Line).Astan, Si I' .Est4in.

At.sere (Thetf.).

The Monoycrs' names without Mint places .ire chiefly taken Troni the list in Riiding.

:VM) i;N(ii,.\Ni».

A lit I or Aiilli (Line).

ItuldiiiiK {SI, till/.).

It, , nil or llitirn (Waroli., Ynrh).

Itiiiri'il (l.oiiil.).

Itlut-iiiiiiiii, ItliK I'liiiin, or IMaciiiiiii

(l>orrli., (iuilil., Notl,;.

Hliic.r ( riii-ll'.).

Itliiniiiiin [= lllaraman ?] (Dordi.).

IMiin re [cf. lilficer] (Thetf.).

JUlric.

l{();,'ii, Hoia, or lloif^a (Dover, Tiiimt.).

Uraiid (Must., WuUiugf., Winclu hI.)-

MricHJi,'!) (Loud.).

I5ri.l or llriiid (I last.).

nri,i,'litiii!i!r, Brilitmsor, &c. (Lund.,Wiillinf;f., Winehcst.).

]triliiiw[ = Jirihtinc?'].

l?rilitiu)> ((ilouc).

i;rilitrcd(Lond., Oxf.).

JJrilitrii', Jiri^ric, &:c. (Coloh., Ipsw.,

Lino., R,ad., Taunt., Wallingf.).

Brihtwiiio (Lond., Malui., Vxf., Wal-lingf., York).

Brihtwuld {OxJ\, "WiDchest.\Brin.

Jlriiiit? (jSVfim/.).

Brinwold (Oxf.).

Brixi (Wilt.).

Brifrir, sec. Brihtric.

Jirurhi/iii', x< »' ISriinhyse.

Uruinni' [ = Bruii\viuo] {Iiisw.).

Brum (I{)sw.).

Brunian, Bruinnan, OTBrntiman (Cant.,

Ijitiw., Land.).

Brun or Bruiin (Ipsw., Winchest).liruiidiriiii'.

Brunfrar (Lond., Ronin.).

Bruuhysc [= Brunsij;e] (Colch.).

Brunic, Bruniiic, Brunninc, Bryninc,&c. (Cliost., Ipsw., Line, Lond.,Tainw.).

BrunuLSO [= Brunhy.-e] (Colch.)

Brunnusel [ = Brunliusel?] (Chest.).

Brun.stan (Thetf.).

Brunwine or Bnjmcine (Stamf., "Wal-

lingf.).

Bryninc, ^vv' Bruninc.Burod or Buhnd (Lond.).Biircwinc [ = Brunwino?] (Wallingf.).Burnhere (Lond.).

Burnrod.Cedoniiiii (Shaft.).

a/t,LCon el in (Norw.).Centwine (Wilt).Ct'iyja or Ciola {Whichtet.).Cto/tan.

Coolwi or Cilwi (Dover).Ceorl (Brist.).

CitttI, s,;- Cytdl.(.'ewine [ = Cent\vinel (Exet.).

( ild (//.<//., IJcdwiii).

Cillrcriwt (Taunt.).

Cilliii ? (I-iiif.).

(j'ihvi, H'< Ciolwi.

Cinciiiiur (Lond.).

Cin.Htan (Dover).

('Ugil.

Clnciin:

Ciil or Cola.

C^lhin (Dcrl)y).

CoUiraiid (Clicst.).

CJolgrini (Line).

Colinc (Tamw.).Cohi.

Colstan.

Colswcgcn (Hast.).

Coltsue.

Ccmli? (Line).Cimna.

Ciirff (Lond.).

Cu%ftr^ (IJnc).

CytelloT Citvil (York).

Droinlut (Aijlegb., Maid.).Dthjin (None).Dcftlien or Dcorhan (Lond.).

Deornian or Diorman (Colch., Lond.,Htcyn.).

Deorsigo (Hert., Line).Dermon [= Doorman ?] (Steyn.).

Direman (Lond.).

Diremc.Dirinc or Dijrinc [=:Wirinc?] (Cant.,

Cliich.).

Dodnic [ = Dudinc?] (Lond.).

Dudinc (Hnriid., Lend.).

Duducol (Shaft.).

Dulwic (Lond.).

Duninc, Duning, Dunninc, &c. (Cheat.,

Hast.).

Durhrd (llch.).

Duriuc (Lend.).

Durreb (Lond.).

Durul.Eadgar or Edgar (Berkel.. Lond.).

Eadmund (Loud.).

Eadric (Lond.).

Eadwald. Eadwold, Edwald, Edwold,&c. (Loud.).

Eadward, P^adweard, Edward, Edwcrd,&c. (Cambr., Caut., Exet., Lewes).

Eadwig or Edwig (Chich., Exet.,

Ipsw., Lewes, Lond.).

Eiulwinc, Edwino, &e. (Leic, Lewes,/y/«r, Lond., Norw., Oxf., Rocli.,

Stamf.).

Eidcsi.

Ealdgar (Lend.).

Ealdulf (Lond.).

EaUlwig (Maid., Malm.).Eauicrd (Cant.).

Earcil (York).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 331

Earinvi[p] (Hcrtf., Shrews.).

Eastmitsr (Wore.).

Eawulf (Glouf.).

Ecwig (Loud.).

Edelic.

El I gar, gee Eadgar.Edin?(Lond.).E.lina3r(Kxut.).

Edmund (Line).Edred (Loud.).

Edric or Edriic, see iEdric.

Edsie [= Ed.sige?] (Exct.).

Eddan {Canthr.).

Edwald or Edwold, see Eadwald.Edward or Edwerd, sec Eadward.Edwie (Wiuchest.).

Edwig, see Eadwig.Edwine, see Eadwine.Egelric, gee .^Egelric.

Egelwine, see uEgehviuc.Egel.-, see also JEgc\.-

Eilno^.Eilwinc [=iElfwine?] (Laiigp).Elewino (Tlutf., York).Elfred, see iElfred.

El/sine.

Elfstan or ^Ifstan (Lond., Wilt., Win-cIlGSt ^

Elf.-, see al'do ^Elf.-

Elrajd or Elred, see .^Iroed.

Elric [= .EUVic] (Hortf.).

Eltau[=ElfHtan](York).Elwiiic[= Elf\viiic?](Oxf., Winclicst.).

Endri'' or Enric {Derby).

Eola (York).

Eorfl=Coiir?^(Ii'(id.).Erfric [=iElfric?J (Exet).Ermwi (Hi *•</.).

Erncilor Eriicytel[cf.Arnoytcl](York).

Erngrim [cf. Arngrim] (York).

Estaii, sie iE.-jtan.

Esther (Lond.).

Exluuer, 8" ^E.^^tmjor.

E-,tiuund (Loud., Thctf.).

Etsige [= Ed8igu] (Dover, Lond.).

Etstau [= Edstan] (Gaiubr.).

Elurcol.

Ewiewii, &c. (Ilert., Lond.).

E«cl.-, scr JE^cl-Earchir (S^iudw.).

Eargiim or Fiurgrini (Cheat., Stauif.).

Fodicinc (tStduif.).

Foloerd (Tlietf.).

Folewiue (Sudb.).

Forinan (Nott.).

FriidnHud ( Wiiirh'iit.).

Fri^eic'uu; (Sttiin/.).

Froma or Frome (Derby).

Fron [ef. Fromn] (Derby).Garliu (Liue).G(UUH-i.

Garulf (Windiest., Wore.).

Geldewiue, GiMewinc, (Tiiltkwine, or

Gyldewine (Cant., Leic.).

Geola (York).

Gifc or Girt' (Line.).

Gilpin (Oxf.).

(ilifwiue (Loud.).

Godcild (Ihd/., Watch.).Goilcleof (Thetf.).

(Jodel/uld.

Godeuian or Godman (Heit., Lond.,South w., Wurch., W inchest.).

Godire (Loud.).

Goderic, see Godrie.

Godesbraud (Shaft.).

Godesune, (Jodsunu, Gotsuuu, «Sl"c.

(Cambr., Cant.. Loud.).

Godi (Lond.).

Godiamb (Cambr.).Goiirie, Godeiio, i<;e. (Bath, Bedf.,

Chest., Dtrl'ij, (Jiouc., Hunt.,Ilch., Leie., Lewes, Line., Loud.,

Lijmne, Maid., Ox/., Salisb.,

Shaft., Southw., Stam/., Thetf.,

Winchest.).Giidwi, Godwic, or Godwig (Lond.).

Godwiu, Godwine, or Godwine (Bedf.,

Brist., C.imbr., Chich., C^dch.,

Dorch., Dover, Glouc., liert..

Hunt., Lewes, Lond., Maid.,

Norw., Ox/., Koch., S(dish.,

Shrews., Stamf., Steyn., Thetf.,

Winchest., Wore., York).

Godiiinc and C'ncn (Winch' iit.).

Godwine and Widia ^Winchest.).

Gohi.

Goldan (Lond.).

Goldman (Coleh.).

GoMsie, G(dd8ige,or Goltsigc (Lond.).

Goldwine or Goldewino (Hert, llythe.

Loud., Winehel., IVinclust.).

(toltsine (Lond.).

('otsuun. see Godsunu.G»trn-(TI,-tj.).

GoSrie, see (Jodric.

Grimolf, Grimulf, Grinule, &c. (Yorii).

Guldewiuc, see Geldcwiuc.Guolfwine (Glouc).Gu^tnt.GuSred (Ilvthe).

(^welic [= Godelif?J (Tiutf.).

(iyhlewine, see (teldewiiie.

Iliurgod or Haregod (Oxf.).

Ilierred <.r Il.rred (Wilt.).

IIaldene(\(.tt.).

Ilarciii [ = MarfinV] (Slamf.).

ir.,i?^uln>r llcJiwulf (Wiueliest.).

Illanguif (Norw.).

Horn (Hoeli.).

llunewiiie (Exet.).

Ihiyearl, &p. (Cheat.).

•a:v2 KN'fJLAM).

Ilwiitiiimii( IJri.-il., Dorcli.).

LuH'tii (ir IrnriiY (l.nnd.).

llliir (: |,ilin..V|( U'iitrlfxl).

r.xTtcl, locitrl, lukct.l, \c. (V(.rk).

lulii, l„ll„, or loll! (V(.rlv).

Iiiliiiiii or loiKiiiii (York).Iora.

lonl.

Iii;:;l'lot f =:Iiif,'otol or IoceUl]CYork).Illlfcr.^ ((iloiir.).

Iiiivkl [ = liu-(tcl?](York).

liudiimir or Lddmn- (Liii<:, AViiiclnst.).

Li/C.trl.

Lufi'DoiS, «(« Loofno^.Lcf.-, sr.i- also Leof.-

L.o/<Lrcj.

licufnian, Ivofnmn, &c. (Lewes).Lcofu {Chrd., Glouc).Lcofu'1*, Liofno(S, &c. (Chest., Chich.,

Glouc, Horef., Lond., Y'ork).

Loofred, Lifred, I.iufrcd, Sec. (Crickl.,

Loiul., Soiithw., ThetK.).

Leofrie, Liofric, Lofric, &c. (Hunt.,Leic, Loud., Norw., Romn.,Siiuthauip., Stuinf., Thetf., AVarw.,Worr.).

Lcofsio [ = Loof8igc] (Lond., Nott).Jjiofnig,' or Lifng (Xott).Leofstan, Lofbtan, Liofstan, &c. (Cant.,

(tIouc, Ipsw., Lond., Richb.,Salish., Shrews., Winchest.,^Vorc.).

Lcofward, Leofword, or Liofweard(Colch., Lewes).

Liofwi or Lefwi [ = Lfofwig or Leof-wint] (Chest., Lewes, Lond.,None).

Leofwie, Lcofwig, Lofwig, ic. (^Chest.,

Loud., Norw., Wareh.).Leofwinc (Exet.).

Leofwine, Lifwine, Liofwine, &c.(Aijhsh., Buel:, Cant., Chest.,Derby, Dnnr, Exet., (tIouc., Hast.,Hunt., Hytlie, Ilch., Leic., Line.,

Lond., Norw., Oxf., Roch., Sandw.,Shrews., Southiimp., Southw.,Stanif., Thetf., AVilt., Wiuchest.).

Leofwold or Liofwold (Ipsw., Lewes,Line., Winchest.).

Leofword, f>if Lcofward.Leof«egen (Bedf.).

Li/rrc.

Lilic [= Lifinc] (Ipsw., York).Lifine, Lifing, Liofinc, Luffinc. Ac.

(Exet.. Tp»ir., JAiw., Loud., Wane,AVilt., AVinchest.).

IJfred, we Leofred.Lifwine and Horn (Eoch.).I.iof.-. fin Lcof.-

Lic (\Vatch., ^Vinche3t.).

Luciuc [=Lcuing] (^Va^w.).

Lufff [zrLumnc?] (Wanr.).Lufrli; mi: Leofrie.

Ijiifntiin. tfrtt Lfofstan.

LufwiiM!, mr Lcofwini'.

Man, Mima, Manna, Manne, &c. (Cant.,

l/iUi:,Nonr., Tint/., Yorl;).

3/(j/w [= Manna V] (None).iVIanwine (Dover).

Marccre or ^lorcere (St. Edmunds).Marein [ = Harcin'-'] (Stanif.).

Mi,rn'.

Umund, nee Osmund.Orlaf(Lon(l.).

Osfer<5, Ox/nj^, &c. (Line.).

Osmajr (IJatli).

Osmund, Oiuund, or Oniynd (Lewes,Lond., \nrw., Southw.).

Oaward (Ilch., Stamf.).

Oswold (Lewes).Otiniw.Oian, 0<5en, OtSin, or OSinnc (Y'ork).

0<5beorn, 0<5bern, OtSborn, or OuSbearn(Line., Y'ork).

0<5grim or Ou^grim (Line., Y'ork).

OSin, see O'^fin.

0«olf, Ou«olf, or OuSulf (York).

0(5slac (Line.).

Price (Norw.).

Ra3dulf(IIert.).

Ea3fen, Ricfin, Eafen, &c. (Y'ork).

liiaannn.

BincuJf, Rinulf, &c. (Norw.).Iludcarl (Cant.).

Sajcol or Sascolf (Cambr., Cant.).

Sajfuccf irzzSxfugeWl (York).

Sxfugel (York).Sajfuhel, Sefuel, kc. [= SxfugeV]

(York).

Soemasr (Hert.).

Sa3wino or Siewine (Exet., Hunt.,if-j'r., Southarap., Wilt).

Sbeiman? [= Swetnian?] (liond.).

Scula, Scule, kc. (Y'ork).

Selcwine (Glouc.).

Sidemau (^Vareh.).

Siewine, eee Sa)wine.

Sigebode (Salisb.).

Sigod (Bedf.).

Silac (Glouc).Sired (Cant., Lond., Newp.).Sna3born, Sneaborn, Sueaburn, Sne-

borii, Snebearn, «.tc (Y'ork).

Sncxciiw [= Siewine?] (Brii<t.).

Snoter (Nott.).

Spot, see Swot.Spnxcelino, Spraceling, Spragelinc,

Spreacaling, &c. (Lond., ^Viu-chest.).

Sprot. see Swot.Stannia>r (Colch.).

Stircol, Styrcol, &c (Y'ork).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 333

Sumerleda, Sumerluda, &c. {Line,Thetf.).

Sicafa (Line).Swarcolf [ = Swartcol ?] (Stamf.).

Swartcol, Sweartcol, Swertcol, &c.

(Chest., York).Swartinc or Swertinc (Cant., Derby,

Line.').

Swatic (Derby).Sweart or Sictrl [ = Swertinc ?]

(Stam/.).

Sweartin f^ (W inchest.).

Swegn ( York).

Swertinc, see Sicartinc.

Swetman (Loml., Oxf., Simtham}!.,

Southw.).Swetric (Muld., Richb., AVilt.).

Sweian.Swileman (Winclie»t.).

Swot or Sicota (Bedf.).

Swotric (Bill/.).

Tidred (Hert., Thttf.).

Tolsi.

Udfe? (Line.).

Uhitred [ = Wiitrcd] (Lond.).

Ulf, I7Z/t, orUlff(Liuc.).Ulfcetel, Ulfcytol, &c. (BL-df., llimt.,

York).

Ulfcil [ = Ulfectel] (York).

Unolf (York).

Urlowino (Bath).

Utti [of. Auti] (Line).

Wadel (Bath).

Walrafan (Line).Wiboarn (Cambr.).Wicing (Exet., Wore).Widia or Widica (Winchest.).

Widred.WigmasT.Wilffiprip or Wilgrip (llcrt.).

Wilcrif (Stiimf.).

Wileric [ = Wulfric ?] (Stamf.).

Wilfrid? (Ilert.).

WiJgrid [= Wilfrid?] (Stamf.).

Wiltrand [ = Wilfrid?] (Ilcrt).

Windicild.

Wiiuman (SalinJ).).

Winstan (Dover).

Wiutcrfngel, Wiuterfuhel, iV:c. (York).

Wintred (Tlietf.).

Winu8(Wilt.).Wirc^iia (Lond.).

Wirinc [.t(( uIho Diriiie] (Lowes).

Wiryn (Clu'.st.).

Wudi:nian (Slirewn.).

Wulbeurii, iVc. (Line.).

Wulcred [= Wiilfred?] (Lond.).

Wuldar [ = Widfgai?].Wuldrie [ = WtdfrioVJ (« hidi.).

Wulenuo!^, m, M'ulfuo^.

Wulf [set also Ulf] (Line.).

TFM//fc«[= Ulfcetel].

Wulfgar or Wulgar (Dereh., Line,Lond.).

Wulfgut or Wulget (Cant., Glouc.,

Shrews., Steyn.).

Wulfrnxr, see Wulma}r.WulfnoS, WulnoS, &c. (Cliest., Lcic,

Nutt., Southaiup., Stuiuf.).

Wiilfrard.

Wulfrcd or Wulred (Aylesb., Cant.,

Lond.).

Wulfric (Chich., Hast., llrh., I^eic.,

Line, Lond., Roih., Shaft., Steyn.,

Warth.).

Wulfsigo, Wulsig, Wulsige, &c. (Ipsic,

Lond., Xorw.).

Wulfstun or Wulstan (Cant., Dorch.,Lond.).

Widfulf (Line).Wulfward, Wulfwerd, tSce. (Dover,

Glouc, Lond.).

Wulfwi [= Wulfwine?] (Bedf., Camhr.,Dovi-r, Hunt., Wore).

Wnlfwig or Wuiwig (Glouc, Hunt.).Wulfwiue or Wulwinc (Jirixt., Camtfr.,

Cant., Colch., Exet., Henf., Hunt.,Lewes, Lond., Oxf., Stamf.,Wallingf., War'h.).

Wulgar, sir Wulfgar.Wuliied(Romn.).Wulmser or Wulmnr (Exet., Ronui

,

Shrews.).

Wulna?) or Wulnot^, s-i Wiilfnot^.

Wulfii or Wulsie [ = Wulfsige] (Ipsw.,Land.).

Wulstan, see Wulfstan.Wulwi, X'V Wulfwi.W'uhvig. .vvr Wulfwig.Wul.-, ^., al.-;., Wulf.-Wurfurd (Thetf).Wurreb [ = purreb] (I^nd.).Wyd'coc (S/inft.).

Wynstan (Wiuchest.).peodrie (Warw.).Peo?irt<l, )?reodrod,&c (Ihxs^. , Hyll,,).

por or porr (Loud., York).Porcil, porctel, or pureil (Lmd.,

Wilt.),

porfir* or porford (Lmd., Norw.).]?orstan or ]?urt*(an (Norw., Stumf.,

Warw.).]?urr,tl (Land.).

)?urfurS or purucrS (Norw.).purgrini or ]?iirnfirim (Line, Lond.,

Norw., York)."

purrim or pt/rr«/i [ = purgrini] (York).j?iirbt.in, sie Porstan.)?iinur<S, sie ).iurfurf^.

\:'urulf (Stumf.).

;!;: i IINCI.ANI).

DKacmniriN ok Tvn:8.

Obverm. Keverne.

Type i.

lliiHt I , with nviliiitf' cmwii. Around,inspriptiifn divitbd l>y bust : outer

ciri'lt

Small cross patttfn. AmuikI, iiiMorip-

tion between two eircles.

[Cf. n. XXVI. 10.]

Same.

Ty)ye i. var. a.

I

Similar: annulet in field.

[Cf. PI. XXIV. 5.]

Type i. var. h.

Similar: huet I, iliadcmed ; in front, I Same as Type i.

sccpire.I

[Hild., ri. 12, Type A. var. a.]

Type ii.

Bust 1., diademed. Around, inscrip- I Short cross voided ; jicllet in centretion divideil bj' burit: outer circle. | Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Cf. n. XXII. 8]

Same.

Type ii. var. a.

I

Similar : annulet in one angle of cross.

[Cf. n. XXIV. G.]

Type ii. var. b.

Similar: in front of bust, sceptre.| Same as Type ii.

[See No. 1113, p. 420.]

Type iii.

Bust 1., diademed; in front, sceptre[Over short cross voided quadrilateral

(iMimme'e). Around, inscription|

ornament with three pellets at eachdivided by bust : outer circle au<rle and one in centre. Around,

inscription between two circles.

[Cf. ri. XXII. 7.]

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 335

Obverse. Kcvtrsc.

Similar : bust r.

Tj/pe iii. var. a.

I

Same.

[Cf. ri. XXVI. 13.]

Type iii. var. b.

Similar: bust 1., with radiate crown; I Same,no Bccjitrc.

|

[Cf. ri. XXIV 7.]

Type iii. var. c.

Dust l, diademei}, (fc, as Type iii. ; but|Similar : one pellet only at eaeh angle

sceptre terminating in flcur-ihf-lis.| of qxtadrihiteral ornament.

[IliUl.. n. 13, Type C. r«r. d.'\

Bust 1., diademed : iu front, sceptre.

Around, inscription divided bybust: outer circle.

Type iv.

Lonp cross voided, each limb termi-nating^ in crescent ; in centre, circle

enclosing pellet, and in anglesP 7\ C X. Around, inscription:

outer circle.

[cr. n. XXVI. h]

Same.

Type iv. var. a.

Similar; sliort cross voide<l, willi mcrescents at ends of limbii.

[Cf. n. XXVII. 14.]

Same.

Type iv. var. b.

Similar : pdUt at end «/ each limh nfshort cross voided, and inscrijition

bitwcen ttco circles.

[Uil.l, ri 13, Tiip. 1>. var h]

•SM KNGLAND.

ObrarM. Ravenc.

Type V.

Hunt 1. iliiuli iii'd ; ill front, wrjilri'

(|Kiiiinu'V). Ari'iiiiii, iiiHcriiition

d ividiJ \<y buBl : ouUr circh-.

Sliort crcHH vr>i(lc<l, the liriilm fn-adii-

iilly (^xpnndin^ iinil niiittil at Iiuho

liy t\vi» circlcB. Aniiuni, iiiacription

hctwtcn two circlcH.

[Cf. PI. XXII. 4.]

Siiintv

Type V. vnr. a.

I Similar: nnnulot in one angle of

I

cTosa.

[Cf. ri. XXIV. H.]

Type V. tvir. b.

I

Similar: cross patte'e iu cacli angle of

Icross.

[Sec No. 1179, p. 427.]

Tyj)e vi.

I5unt 1 , (liaiUnu'il ; in front, scoptn;.

Around, inHcriptiun divided by bust

:

outer circle.

Short croBs voided, earh limb termi-nating in three crcijoeuts; in ecnlre,

annulet. Around, inscription be-

tween two circles.

[Cf. n. XXX. 14.]

liubt r., Warded, wearin

helmet and holding in r. handticeptre, which t«rininatta in cross,*

tUur-dc-lisor three pcIKts (pommee).Around, inscription divided by bust:

outer circle. I

[Cf. n. XXII. 1.]

Type vii.

pointed Short cross voided, each limb termi-nating in three crescents; in centre,annulet, frequently enclosing pellet.

Around, inscription between twocircles.

Same.

Similar; bu.-t 1.

Type vii. var. a.

ISimilar : annulet iu one anslc of cross.

[Cf. ri. XXIV. ;».]

Type vii. var. b.

ISame as Type vii.

[Cf. ri. XXII. 2]

Type

Uubt r., lioarded; wearing i>ointcd\

helmet, and holding in r. hand;

s<"eptre. Around, inscription di-j

vidcd by bust : outer circle.|

[Cf. n. XXVIII. 6]

Short cross voided; annulet in centiv;in each angle a martlet. Around,inscription b( twecn two circles.

• In (lc#cril>ing the coins of this type, unless otherwise 8t«t<d, the eccptrc terminates in a crossihaX l<cing Uic more common form.

'

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 337

Obverse. Reverse.

Type ix.

King seated towards r., on throne,

generally bearded, wearing crownsuriaountcd l)y threes balls ; he liolds

in r. hand long sccijtre, and in 1.

orb Burmounted by crosH. Around,inscription ; outer circle.

[Cf. ri. XXIII. 2]

Short cross voided; annulet or pellet

frequently in centre ; in each anglea martlet. Around, inBcrii>tion be-

tween two circles.

Same.

Type ix. v(tr. a.

I

Similar : annulet in two angles of cross.

[Cf. PI. XXIV. 10.]

Type X.

King seated towards r., on throne,

generally boiirded, wearing crownsurmounted by three balls ; he holdsin r. hand long scejjtre, and in 1.

orb Burniounted by eros.s. Around,inscription: outer circle.

[Cf. ri. XXVI. 8.]

Short cross voided, each limb termi-nating in an incurved segment of acircle; in centre, pellet. Around,inscription : outer circle.

Type xi.

Bust r., bearded ; wearing crown of

two arches, surmounted by thrt-e

balls ; in front, sceptre. Around,inscription divided by bust : outer

circle.

Short cross voided, each limb termi-nating in an incurved segment of acircle ; in centre, pellet. Around,inscription : outer circle.

[Cf. ri. XXII. 3.]

Same.

Type xi. var. a.

I

Similar; annuh-t in one angle uf

Icross.

[Cf. PI. XXIV. 11.]

Same.

Type xi. car. h.

Similar to Ty|H; xi. ; but no ineuivedsegments of circle at ends of limbsof cross.

[Cf. PI. XXV. C]

Type xii

Bust r., bciirded ; wearing crown of

two arches, surmounted by tiiree

balls; in front, sceptre. Around,|

inscription divided by bust ; outer i

circle.

[«l. I'l. XX\ I. 'i.]

VOL. II.

Small cross patte'e.

tion between twoAround, inscrip-

•ircles.

338 KNIJLANI).

Obvma. Revcne.

Typr. xiii.

IliiMi fiK'ini,'. iM-nnl-vl ; winrin^,' nrclir<l Srniill croHH imttco. Around, inecrip-

rmwii, tr.M|nintly hiirininintcil liy tioii between two circlea.

rroHM. Artiiiinl, inncripticin iM-twein

twii rircliH, iiHinlly (livitK'l aljovo

l«y bciul.

[Cf. VI XXII. It.]

Type xiii. I'ur. «.

blatuu.I

Similar : aiiuulct in fuld.

[Cf. ri. XXIV. 12.]

Type xiii. V(tr. h.

Siun .

I

Similar to Type xiii. : pellet at end of

I

each limb of cross.

[Cf. PI. XXV. 7.]

Type xiv.

Biist fiicinp:, boarded ; wearing arched , Short cross voided ; annulet or pel-

cMwn and buldiiip ecoptrc directed|

let frequently in centre; in eachliver r. sliouldrr in r. hand and orb i

angle j)yraiiiid sj)rinfring' from inner

in 1. ; fmni each side of the crown ' circle and terminating in pellet,

depends ft fillet terminating in three Around, inscription between twol>elh'ts. Aro\ind, iui-cription divided circles.

by bu(<t : outer circle.

[Cf. ri. XXIII. 8]

Type XV.

Bust r., wenring arched crown, from Short cross voided; annulet or pel-

wiiich dei)onds a iillet, terminating ; let frequently in centre; in eachin tliree pellets; in front, sceptre. nngle pyramid springing from innerAn'und, inscription divided by bust: circle and terminating in pellet,

outer circle. Aruiind, inscription between twocircles.

[Cf. n. XXII. 10]

Ty}}€ XV. ntr. a.

Same. I Similar : annulet instead of pyramid

Iin one angle of cross.

[Cf. ri. XXIV. 13]

Type XV. rnr. b.

Similar; bust 1.|Same as Type sv.

[Cf. ri. XXVII. 7.]

Tyite XV. tar. c.

^imUar. bust r.; no sceptre. I SimiliU": at end of e;ich limb of cro!^8,

Isegment of circle curved outwards.

[Cf r\ XXIX 10]

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 339

Obverse. Reverse.

Tyjye xvi.

arclied crown, from|Short cross voided ; each limb tcrmi-Biist r. ; wearin

which depends a fillet, terminatinin three jjellets; in front, sceptre.

Around, inscription divided by bust

:

outer circle.

nating in three crescents; annuletenclosinp: pellet in centre ; in each

anfrle, jiyraniiil springing from centre

and terniinating in pellet. Around,inscription between two circles.

[Cf. PI. XXYIII. 7.]

Type xvii

Bust r. ; wearing arched crown, fromwhich dejieiids a fillet, terminatingin lluT'c pellets; in front, sceptre.

Around, inscription divided by bust:

outer circle.

Across field and between two dottedlines P 7X X. Around, inscription

between two circles.

[Cf PI. XXIV. 14.]

Description' of Coins.

No.

840 EN(JLANl).

No.

10

11

12

L3

14

15

IG

Obreno.

^<EDPE RD REX

»^EDPAR- D REX

RE

REX

RcverM.

Type V.

4</EIELM/ER ON BAO

:

Wt. 2U 2.

„ BADVnr. T>inibH of ctohh

united by onecircle only.

Wt. 17-2.

Type vii.

^GODRIE ©N BADAN :

Wt. 210.

"i-CODRlEC ONNB7\€»?iNN :

Wt. 20-8.

•i<05M/ER ONBTXOT^NN :

Wt. 20-2.

Wt. 207.

Type vii. var. h.

4-EAD PERD REXVar. Sceptre, pum-mee.

^CODRIEE ONNBA07\NN :

Wt 20-4.

[PI. XXII. 2.]

Ty^ye ix.

HhESDVVEARDVS REX I »I-GODRIE ON BA€)ANAI^LO

IWt. 20-7.

Type xi.

^EADPAR RD RE i'LODRlE ON BADEN:AVt. 20-8.

Monpycr.

jEgelmecr.

Godric.

Osm.Tr.

•i'EADPAR „ „

.•i-.EADPAR,, „

+ „ .. ..

»i<0a3M/ER ON BTkDENWt. 2(1 5.

[n. XXII. 3.]

I „ ON BSDENWt. 20-2.

•tOcoM/ER: ON BAGENWt. 20-7.

Godric.

Godric.

Godric.

Osmirr.

•bEADPARD RD RE •I'VRLLEPINE ONj

BAOENI Wt. 20 0.

Urlewinc ?

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 341

17

18

19

20

2]

22

23

24

25

Obverse.

Type xiii.

"l^EADPARD REX A-

4<EADRARD REX A

^OSM/ER ON BT^OEwt. is-0.

•i^OcoM/ER ONWt. 17 2.

^EDPAD RE

BEDEFORD.[IJcdford.]

Type ii.

I

^VL-EHTEL ©NBWt. ]3o.

Type V.

I^EDPE : -RD REX 4^/ELMON ONBEDEFO.

Wt. 24-5.

„ REX- •1<SP0T ON BEDEFORWt. 25-7.

[PI. XXII. 1.]

Type vii.

•I^EDPER- D REX I^PVLFPI ONBEDEFOR

Wt. 20 0.

Type ix.

EADPARD REX AM6L- I i^LODRIE 01/IH BEDEWt. 220.

Type xi.

^EADPAR RD RE "fGODPINE ON

[PI. XXII. 5.]

BEDEFOWt. 20*;.

1 -^colLOD ON BEDEFORViir. Scoptro tor- Wt. l.S-5.

ininatinginflcur-'

Moneyer.

Osmfcr.

Ulfcetel ?

^Imon.

Ppot or

Swot.

Wulfwi( =Wulfwinc ?).

Godric.

GoJwiuc.

Sigod.

:jiii ENULANJ).

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 343

Reverse. Moneyer.

84

Tijpe V.

»i«EDPE: -RD REX.- ^/ELFPT^RD ON

^EDP RD REX

BRICST-Wt. 20 4.

4</EeESTAN ON BRIWt. 17fi.

3(J

37

38

30

40

41

42

43

Type xi.

Hc«EADPAR- RD RE «i-/ELFRIC ONBRVCcoTO

AVt. 20-5.

I-EADPAR „ „

^EADPAR „ „

•}</ELFPINE- ON BRE:Wt. 2U-2.

"^ELFPINE ONBRVCSTOAVt. 2U(J.

•tDODPINE ON BREEC-Wt. 20n.

Tf/^w xiii.

I-EADPARD REX A I I^SODPINE ON BRVCEI

Wt. i(;-7.

[I'l. XXII. Lt.]

iElfwanl.

iEScbtan.

JClfri"

yElfwine or

Elfwiuo.

Godwine.

(Joilwiuc.

•EIIDDIIRI RECHh- „ BRVCWt. 17-2.

Type XV.

•i^EADPARD REX i »flELFFINE ON BREE :

Wt. 19-7.

[ri. XXir. 10.]

41

^EADPARD RE ^EEORL ON BRVEE:Wt. 20-4.

^-T'^lfwinc.

Ccorl.

C/ENTFARABYRIG, Krc.

[Cant<'rbury.]

^EDPH-.- D RETiipc ii.

I

^BRVHAN Ol-CENI

Wt. KJO.

[I'l. X.Xll. 11.]

rrmnan.

:\u KNGLANIi

No,

EDWARD THE CONFESSOK. iur.

No.

CI

C2

G3

Gi

G5

GG

G7

G8

GO

70

Obverse.

72

7:^

Type V.

^EDPER- D REEX

.J^EDPE: -RD REX

•i-EDPNR-.- RD RE

}</ELFRED ONCENTPAWt. 2S-4.

J^EDPERD ONEETPEREEO

Wt. 19-7.

•tLlFPINE ON C/ENT-.NVt. IG 0.

[PI. XXII. 13.]

^EDPE; RD REX-.'

't'EDPER D R-REE

4<EPDE-.- D PEXVar. 8ccptro tcr

minatiiigiulleur

de-lis.

^EDPE RD RE

i-EDPER- D REXV(ir Sooptre ier-

minutiiigiufleur-

d.-lis.

4--EDPE RD RE

»i«EDPER- D RE^

„ REXV(ir. Sccptro tcr-

niinatinginflcur-

(Ic-lis.

i-EDPN RD REXV(ir. Sc-eiitic tcr-

ininiitiug infieur-

(Ic-IiM.

fEDPE- RD RE

^MANNA ON CANTPAWt. 25-7.

tPVLFRED ONEETPERE:

Wt. 19 7.

Type vii.

^EADPARD ON CENT-.Wt. 200.

4<EHDPARD ON C/ENTWt. 20 G.

^EDPERD ©N CENT:Wt. 21-5.

J-EL-R/ED ONC/ENTC/E:

Wt. 21-5.

HrELRED: 0:NCENTPA-.-

Wt. 190.

^SXLDEPINE ONCENT

Wt. 20-5.

Monej'cr.

.Alfred.

Edwcrd.

Lifwine(Leofwlnc).

Manna.

Wulfrcd.

Eadward.

Elr.Td.

•i<L-E0F5TANONC/ENT:

Wt. 15-4.

^MANNA ON CANTPWt. 210.

Gyldcwiuo.

Loofatan.

Manua.

:]!(] ENOLANI).

No.

80

SI

S'2

8:5

84

85

ObTMM.

XEDPER D RE

Rcvcnic. Moncycr.

4<PVL5TAN ON CENT.-. Wul.stan.

Wt. I'JO.'

Tiji»' ix.

EADPARD RDX ANS 4-/ELRED OHH FEMT I JElred or

Wt. Tli. Klrod.

READPRD RX AUG© ' ^ELRED ONN

., ANG-0-

EADPEARD REXANSLO-

EADPARD REX AH6L

EADPLRD RAX ANCORV

FENTNPWt. l'J-8.

Wt. 20-7.

^-EL-RED ONN FENTNWt. 19-0,

"t'EADPEARD OLEUEWt. 21-9. t

Eadweard.

»tCELDEPIN£ ON OcldewineorE/ENTN

,Guldewine.

W^t. 21-2.

•I«6VDEPINE ONCENTPNRWt. 190.

EADPRD RX ANCOR- | >MV1AHHA OH EHET. i Manna.Wt. 20-3.

Type xi.

87

SS

•J-EADPA RD RE

+EADPAR RD RE

4<EADPAR- RD RE

"I-EADPAR RD RE

•bEAEDPA RD RE

^h/EL-EREARD ON iElfweard?EVETN

I

Wt. 16-5.

"^/ELR/ED: ON ^Iraid.C/ENTN

,

Wt. 19-5.I

•i«/ELR/ED-.- ONC/ENTPAWt. 19-2.

I

•l-EADPARD ON Eadward.C/ENT-:Wt. 21-9.

»i«ELFRIC: ON C/ENTN Elfric.

Wt. is-s. :

^LVLDEPINE ON (Juldewiuc.C/ENT:

I

Wt. 20-2.I

EDWARD THE CONFESSOK. 347

No.

IMS i;N(iI,ANI>.

No.

EDWAIJD THE CONFESSOR. 349

No.

•X)L) KN(JLANI).

I'M

I'M

132

13;{

13-1

i:{5

13G

LAurAlUJ I»La a

Ucvomc.

137

138

139

140

141

142

EADPARD REX

^PVLFRIC ON CIC\Vl. 17 0.

[I'l. NXIII. l.J

\\t. IKO

Tijfie XV.

4</ELFPINE ON CIEEcoAVt. 2(J4.

„ CICEcoTWt. '2 10.

^lELFPINE ON EIEESWt. 20-9.

4-PVLDRIC 0N CICWt. 11-5.

^PVLFRIC ON CICESTWt. 21-2.

COLECEASTRE.[Colchester.]

Tyjt iii.

I'EDPE-.- RD REX i'l'BRVNHYSE ON C0L-7\(Twice pierced.)

Moncycr.

Wulfrie!

^'EDPER RD RE

•I-EDPE: RD REX

4-EDPER- D REX.

•i<EDPEA- D REX-

•i«ELEPINE ON COLIWt. 15-7.

•J-LEOFPARD ON COLEWt. 16-5.

•t-PVLFPlNE ON EOL-AEWt. 17-2.

Tii}H vii.

4^BRIHTRIC ONEOLECE:

Wt. 15-2.

4«EDPER D RD R- ^BRVNNEcoE ONViir. Svi ptre terini- EOLECimting in llcur-

jWt. 210.

.K-lis.

yElfwine.

WuMric( = Wulfiic?).

Wulfric.

Brnnhyse.

Elfwinc.

Leofward.

Wulfwine.

Brilitric.

Brminesc(cf. Brun-

livse).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 351

No.

143

H4

H5

14G

H7

148

14!)

150

151

152

Obverse.

'i'EDPER D REX

•i-EDPER D REX

^EDPER D REX

-I^EDPE: D REX

Reverse.

't'DEORMAN ONCOLECEWt. 20-0.

i^LEOFPORD ONCOLEEEWt. lG-7.

•^STANM/ER ON EOL-Wt. 21)0.

•}"PVLFPINE ONEOLECTWt. 19-8.

Time ix.'yp

EADPARD EX ANSOL 4^PVLFPINE ONCOLEEET:

Wt. 20-7.

Type xi.

>J-EADPARD RD RE "i^LODPINE ONEOLEEE:

Wt. 21-3.

^EADPAR RD RE ' -i-LOLDMAN ONEOLEEEWt. 2 10.

I-EADPARD REXTyp,- XV.

•I^PVLFPINE ONEOLEEEWt. Vd-^).

\V\. XXIII. 5.]

CRECGELADE, CROCGELADE, Etc.

[Cricklaac.]

Type V.

^EDPE-.- -RD REX h/EILPINF ONERECELS

Wt. 2G-5.

[PI. XXIII. G.]

Typi'. vii.

l-EDPER D REX-|•J'/EIELPINE ON EREE

' Wt. I'JG.

Moneyer.

Deorman.

Loofword.

Stanmair.

Wulfwinc.

Wulfwine.

Godwine.

Goldman.

Wulfwinc.

vEihvinc

(..Egtlwinc).

..E'Tclwiue.

;{r/2 ENGLAND.

No.

153

15

1

If).'!

15G

151

15S

15'J

100

IGl

Oltvrrno.

+EDPAR- D REX

Rcverno.

•frLEOFRED ON CROC:Wt. 207.

[PI. XXIII. 7]

EADPARD REX AN6L- Hh/EGELPI : ONEREEIIELAD-

Wt. iy-6.

EDPARD REX ASORVM ' I-LEOFRED ONCREECAWt. 2 18.

Type xi.

+EADPAR RD RE I'LIOFRED ONCRECELWt. 20-t3.

EADPARD REXType xiv.

tLEOFRED ONERECLAWt. 200.

[PI. XXIII. 8.]

Type XV.

EADPARD REX| ^LEOFRED ON

ERECLAWt. l'J-8.

DEORABY.[Dell. v.]

Type ii.

I

t'FROU ON DEORI Wt. lG-9.

HhEDPE RD R

Tyite iii.

•tEDPER D REX-.- I ^"SPATIC ON DERBII:I Wt. 18-0,

[ri. XXIII. ;).]

V'//y<t' V.

•tEDPE: -RD REX.,^FROME ON DEORBE I Fro.uc

Wt. 2t-7. 1

Mcmeycr.

Leofred.

iEgcIwi[nc].

Loofrttl

Liofrod(Leofred).

Leofred.

Leofred.

Fruii

(Froiuu).

Swatic

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 353

No. Obverse.

162

1G3

1G4

16?

166

167

•i^EDPE RD REX ^LEDFPINE ON DEOR:Wt. 22-2.

Mouoyer.

•i'-EDPE: -RD REX

•i-EDPE RD RE

^EDPE RD R

\

i^^SPERTINEON DE0RBI Wt. 277.

[ri. XXIII. 10.]

Type vii.

"i'FROME ON DOREBI(Broken.)

i«SPRTINC ON D0RBWt. 2 10.

168

169

170

171

172

Type xi.

•tEADPAR RD RE I i'FROMA ON DOR-Wt. 22-0.

[PL XXIII. 11.]

Type xiii.

•EADPARD REX-|.^EOLBIN ON DREB

Wt. 17-9.

DOFERAN OR DOFEREN.[Dover.]

Type i.

^EDPER- DREX:- , "i^.BOLA ONNDOFRAN:I

Wt. 18-5.

Leofwiue.

Swertinc,

Frome.

Swertinc.

Froma.

Colbin.

fEDPA RD R.

tEDR RD RE

Type ii.

I

^CINSTAN ONDOFI

Wt. 18-2.

[PI. XXIII. 12.]

1-PIN3-.-TAN ON DOFRWt. 120.

Type iii.

i«EDPA RD REX: I •tElNSTAN ON DOIRII

Wt. 17 3.

[PI. XXIII. 13.]

HhEDPNR D RE 'I'ETSILE ON DOFRR-.-Wt. lUG.

Bo»a.

Cinstan.

Winstan.

Cinatau.

Etsif^c

(Eadsige).2 A

ojl ENGLAND.

No.

173

171

175

17G

177

178

179

180

ISl

182

183

184

185

Obvrrno.

^'EDDA RD REX

4«EDP: RD REX :

Reverse.

Type V.

^EINSTAN ON DOF:^Vt. 2G-8.

i^CNwTAN ON DOFERAVt. 170.

Type vii.

4«EDPR- D REX A,^EILPI :• ON DOFCREN

[

(Urokou.)

*EDPER D REX

»i-EDPER- D PEXV<tr. Sfcptrc tormi-

imting in flonr-

(le-lin.

D REXVur. Sceptre tcrmi-

iiatiiig in fleur-

de-lis.

., RE-

.i«EDPER D REX

•i'EDPR- D REX

•tEDPE-.- D REX

Moneycr.

Cinetan.

^^CNcoTA-fi ON DOFER^\'t. 19-4.

't'ENSTAN ©N DOFERWt. 17-4.

Wt. 18-6.

•^CNcoTAN ONDOFERE-Wt. 19-2.

„ DOFERER^^'t. 200.

•1-DODPINE ON DOFER:"\Vt. VJl.

Cilwi

(= Ccolwi).

Cinstan.

„ DOFEREAVt. 19-6.

Godwine.

Tijjit i.\.

EADPADD RX AH6- ^EILPI : ON DOFERENN^\^t. 19-8.

EADPERD RAX ANDORV >I<EN/-jTAN : ©N DOFEREI

AVt. 20-5.

EADPEARD REX AN6LO •t'SODPINE ON DOFERI

Wt. 21 0.

Type xi.

IM-,: ^EADPAR- RD RE •J'EILPI :• ON DOFERE

Wt. 20-4.

Cilwi(=Ceolwi).

Cinstan.

Godwino.

Cihvi

( = Ctc.l\vi).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOE. 355

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

Reverse.

EADPARD AN6L© >i'6©DPINE: ©N D©FER:I Wt. 20-3.

Moneyer.

^EADPARD RE

^EADPARD RE- AN

Type xiii.

4-ClNwTAN ON DOPEWt. 15-7.

^MANPINE ON DOFR-Wt 180.

EADDARD PEX

EADPARD REX

191

195

I'M

4^EDPE" RD RE

(Broken.)

^PVL-FPVRD ON DOWt. IGG.

[PI. XXIII. 14.]

Type XV.

•i-EEOLPI ON DOFEREWt. 200.

^MANPINE ON DOFER:Wt. IS-G.

DORCEASTRE.[Dorchester.]

TyjK ii.

I

t'PVLSTAH 01/1 DORVar. PtUct in fuld.

Wt. 170.

Godwine.

Cinstan.

Manwine.

Wulfward.

Ccoiwi(cf. Cilwi).

Manwine.

Type iv.

't'EHREDR D RE I -fBIAEAMAN DORWt. lG-5.

Type V.

I'EDPE: RD REX •f-HPATEMAN ONDORE

Wt. 25-6.

[Fl. XXIV. 1.]

Type xi.

197 "i-EADPAR RD RE I ^BLAREMAN Or<DORWt. 201.

Wulstan.

Blacaman.

Hwatcman.

Bliirciuiin (=:

Bhicuiuau ?j.

2 A 2

356 ENGLAND.

No.

1D8

ii»a

ObvcriM'. Heverse.

Type xiii.

:EADPARD REX: ^BLACAMON ON DOA\ t. 17'0.

EADRARD REX AN ^BLAREMAN ©NDORCVar. Two crosses

ealtire in field.

AVt. lG-4.

[PI. XXIV. 2.]

DYRHAM OR DEORHAM.*[Dereham.]

200

201

202

203

201

205

^/EDA RD R

Type ii.

IPVLLAR O DYR-

[I'l. XXIV. 3.]

4.EDPE RD R-.-

Wt. 11-2.

" Wt. 9-2.

"wt. 10-4.

Moncyer.

Blacaman.

Blareman(=Blacaman ?).

Wulgar(Wulfgar).

EADMUNDSBYRIG.[St. Edmundsbury.]

Type V.

4<EDPER D REEX: ^MOREEREE ONEDMVN"Wt. 250.

Type xi.

4<EADPARD RD RE •i^MORCRE ONEADMVNAVt. 19-5.

Type xiii.

•EADPARD REX- 1 ^MARCERE ON EADWt. 17-G.

Morcere.

Morcere.

Marcere(Morcere).

• Sec Introduction.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 357

No.

3:>8 ENGLAND.

No.

21H

211)

220

221

222

223

224

225

220

227

228

220

2: to

231

Obvcnw.

HHEDPER- D REI-V(ir. Sr('|itro torini-

iiiiling in /!« ur-

(lu-lis.

^EDPER D REX-

PEDPER- D REXViir. Sccjitro tcrmi-

niiting in lleur-

du lis.

Reverao. Moneyer.

•tLIFINC ON EXECESTR Lifinc.

W't. 200.

^co/EPINE ON EXECEcoWt. 18-4.

^PVLMER ON EEXECE'\Vt. 20-6.

„ EXECEEWt. 20-8.

Type ix.

EADPARD REX AN6L0V

AI/I6L0R

AH6L-

'I'/el-fril: ohhEX-EC-.-Wt. 20-2.

^/ELFRIG 0N EXECESAVt. 20 0.

•I^LIF-H-IC OHHEXECES:Wt. 20G.

•i«PVLN/ER OHH EXC:Wt. 20-4.

Type xi.

^EADPAR RD RE A Hh/ELFRIC ON EXECEcoWt. 18-7.

•J</EL-FRIC ONEXECEcoT

Wt. 22-4.

4-/EL-FRIC ONEXECEWTE:

AVt. 20-0.

'^LIFINC ON EXECE03TWt. 20-0.

I<EADPARD RD RE

4«EADPAR RD RE A

•J-EADPAR RD RE

^PICINC ONEXECEcoT:

Wt. 21-3.

[PI. XXIV. 4.1

REI •I<PVLM/ER ONEXECEcoT

Wt. 200.

Sfcwine.

Wulrnrer.

zElfric.

Lifinc.

Wulmjer.

^Ifric.

Lifing.

Wicing.

Wulmajr.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 359

No. Obverse.

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

•eadpard re:

rex:-

eadpard rex:

REX-

REX A

^DPA P REX A

Type xiii.

^EADPARD ©N EWt. 18-0.

^LIFING ON EXECEWt. lG-0.

Type XV.

^SIEPINE ON EXEEEWt. 21-(j.

I'PVLFPINE ON E«I<EEEWt. 18-4.

Wt. 19-0.

EOFERPIC.[York.]

Ttjpe i.

I

"tOONNlNE ON EOFE:Wt. 160.

Moneycr.

Eadward.

Lifing.

Sa3wiue.

Wulfwine.

EDP/R D RE>^ A

>i-EDP/R P RE-4«- A

^EDP: P RE-i*:

•i^FDDER D RE^i- A

Type i. var. a.

^/ELFPINE ON EOFERWt. 16-6.

i^ARBETEL „

Wt. 16-2.

"I^TfRNCETEL- ONEOFERPIC

Wt. 15-7.

OTiinne

(0«iii).

iElfwine.

Arbetel (=Arncetel?).

Arncetel.

^ARNcexei- „

(Tl. XXIV. 5.]

«I«DPER P REX A

^PPE P REX A

t-EDPER D RE"!^ A

Wt. 1;V7.

PARNDRIN ON EOFWt. 16-5.

^ELEPINE ON EOFEPIWt. 16-3.

I^IOL-ANA OH EOFER-Wt, 1 5 7.

Arngrim.

Elewine.

lolaua.

3GU ENOLANU.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 361

No.

3G2 ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 363

No.

304

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 365

No.

'MU't ENOLANP.

No.

314

•Mr>

310

317

318

349

350

3r)l

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

Obvcrae. licvcrae.

EADVEARDVS REX AN

EDFAD RX ANGORA-

EADPARD REX ANSORV

EADPARD REX AUSL-

REX ANS-

7';//>'' ix.

HHARMGRIM ON E0FR-Wt. 14-5.

>i<ARNGRIM ON EOFR-Wt. 22-5.

^lOLA Ol/I EOFER-Wt. 22 0.

•I^SCVLA ON EOFRPICWt. 21-5.

"tSMEAEVRH OH EOFEWt. 2 10.

Type ix. var. a.

EDPARD X ACLORO- ^lOKETEL ON EOFEWt. 20-4.

EDPR RX ANGLOP •^OOCRIM ON EFRPIWt. 21-0.

EDPAD X AN[6L]0RA- ! •I'VLFCETL ON EOFRPWt. 21-7.

RX ANGLOR -J^VLFCIL ON EOFRPIC-Wt. 20-5.

EDPAD RX ANGLOR •i^DORR ONN EOFRPCWt. 19-7.

[PI. XXIV. 10.]

Moneycr.

EADPARD REX AMGL-

EDPAD RX ANGLOR

ON EOFERPICWt. 20-7.

ON EOFRPICCWt. 20-7.

Type xi.

*EADPAR RD RE I ^ODGRIM ON EOFII Wt. 19-2.

Type xi. var. a.

'^EDPARD REX •tARCETL ON EOFRPWt. 20-2.

^EDPAER- D R 4«ARNCTEL ON EOFRWt. 19-0.

Amgrim.

lola.

Scula.

Sneaburn(Sna;lx)rii).

loketel

(locetol).

0?.grim.

Ulfcetel.

Ulfcil

(Ulfcetel).

porr.

Ocf'grim.

Amcetel.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 367

No.

•M)S ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOE. 369

No.

396

397

398

399

400

•101

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

VOL.

Obverse. Reverse.

•i^EADPARD REX A

^EDPARDE REX A

^EADPARD RE"!* A-

REX

•EADPARD REX A

/EADPARD REX Al-

«i«EADPARD REH>I<

REX

•EADPARD RE^ A-

/EADPARD REX AN

I^SNEBORN ON EOFRWt. 15 9.

•I-SPARTEOL ON EOFWt. 16-3.

„ EOFRWt. 14 0.

«i«SPRTCOL ONEOFRWt. 17-6.

•I-VLFCIL ON EOFER-Wt. 12 0.

I'VLFCTEL ON EOFRWt. 15-5.

Wt. 18-6.

•tOORR ON EOFR-Wt. 18-0.

„ EOFERPWt. 18-6.

„ EOFRPWt. 17-5.

Moneyer.

Swartcol,

EADPARD REX

REX

REX

Type XV. rar. a.

i-ALEIF ON EOFRPICEWt. 19-6.

•i-ALEOF ON EOFERPWt. 20-9.

^EARCIL ON EOFERP:Wt. 206.

Wt. 22-5.

„ EOFRPICWt. 20-8.

[PI. XXIV. 13.]

locetel.^lOECETEL ON EOFEWt. 20-7.

Wt. 221^.

^^OVOBEARN ON EO Ou^bearn,Wt. 21-4. I 0«born, &c.

2 11

Ulfcil

(Ulfcetel).

Ulfcetel.

porr.

Aleof.

Earcil.

370

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 371

No.

;i7ii ENULAM*.

No.

•i:j7

AliS

439

410

441

442

413

444

445

440

447

448

449

Obvorae.

4<EDPE RD RE-

.. R--

,. RE

Reverse.

Typ' ii.

i 4^BVNINE ON DIP Bruninc.

^Vt. 17-7.

Moncycr.

^EDPI ON LIPESI\vt. 1:5:;.

4.P.VL-SIE ON LIPAVt. 17i{.

Typr V.

^.EDPE -RD REX: 1 "I-LIFIE 0N06IPESPIIC

[PI. XXV. 1.]

Tui" xi.

AVt. 270.

•i«EADPARD RD RE

EDPARD RX

•EADPARD RE-.

EADPARD REX

•EADPARD RX

EAD>ARD RE-

EADPARD REX

EAPARD REX E^

^'BRVMAN ONCIPEcoPIWt. 20-7.

Type xiii.

l^/ELFPINE ON 6IPPEWt. 160.

-I-BRIHTRIE- ON 6IPPWt. 15 6.

^BRINTRIC ON 6IPEVar. Crescent in

field.

Wt. 15 0.

•^BRVM ON- 6IPPES

ii^BRVNlNC ON 6IPPEWt. IGO.

^LEOF>OLD- „ „Wt. lG-3.

Type XV.

i •J'lELFPINE ON 6IPP

I

Wt. 20-9.

'

>> J) !1

i Wt. 18-9.

I'Mwife].

Wulsio.

Lific

(liiUnc).

Brnman.

^Ifwiiie.

Brilitric.

Brum(au).

Bruninc.

Leofwold.

-Elfwine.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 373

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

4G0

4G1

Obverse. Reverse.

GLEPECEASTER.[Gloucester.]

Monever.

•I^EDPE RD REX

^EDPE RD RE

^EDP- ARD-.-

^EDP RD RE

I«EDPE: -RD REX

»I«EDPE -RD REX

•l^EDPA- RD RE

I^EDPAR- D REX

fEDPA- RD RE-

Type i.

I

J'PVL-FPERD ON LLEPWt. 17-2.

Type ii.

^LEOFNOO ON CLEWt. 170.

^pvLPiL onWt. 14-0.

Type V.

I</EIELRIE ON 6LEPEWt. 17 4.

, ^EAPVLF ON6LEPECE:

' Wt. 24 4.

i

^LEOFN ON LLEAEEI Wt. 16-9.

Type vii.

Hh/EILRIC ON6L-EPEC:

Wt. 20-7.

^/ELESIIE ON 6LEPEEWt. 200.

•J-GODRIE ON 6LEPE:Wt. 21-3.

I^EDPE D RE- ^IVLFERD O CLEP:Var. Pellet boliina Wt. 21-0.

bust.

(Donhh' ffnicli.) ^PVLFCET ON ELEPE;Wt. 20-2.

Type ix.

EADVVEARDVS REX J'SODPINE ONAN6L 6LEPECST

I Wt. lG-3.

"Wulfwerd.

Leofno(5.

Wulwig.

iEgclric.

Eawulf.

Leofn.

^Iric(iEgelric).

^Ifsiie(of. ^lf.sige).

Godric.

lulfcTTi.

Wulfgct

Godwinc

374 i:n(jland.

No.

4G2

403

40 (

40.")

40(3

407

408

409

ObveiM.

EADYRD REX[ANJQLORX

•EADPEARD REX AN-

EADPEARD REXAN6L0-

Reverse.

4-LEOFSTAH ON GLEPMf. 18-8.

^SELCPINE ON6LEPECWt. 19-7.

4^8ILAC ON LLEPLWt. 20-0.

Tiipr xi.

Moneycr.

LcofHtan.

Selcwino.

Silac.

HhEADPAR RD RE

JEOPARD- RD RE

l-EADPAR RD RE

•i«EADP RD RE

[•I-BRIHTNONO ONILEP:, Brihtno*?

!

(Pierced.)

^GVOLFPINE ONCLEPC:Wt. 200.

i-LIOFPINE ONLLEPECE

Wt. 20-2.

•EADPARD RE-

Guolfwine.

Liofwine.

Wulfward.•J^PVLFPARDOISCLEPEEE

Wt. 20-6.

[PI. XXV. 2.]

Type xiii.

I "^SILAC- ON 6LE>EiSilac.

Wt. 17-0.

470 EADPARD REType XV.

I

-^SILAC ON 6LE>EWt. 18-4.

GRANTEBRYCGE.[Cambridge]

Silac.

471 -^EDPE RD RE

472

Type ii.

I •t'ETSTAN ON CRA1 Wt. 18-0.

Et8tan(Edstan).

Type iii.

•fEDPER D REX I .^/ELFPINE ONE Of^R- .Elfwine.

IWt. 10 8.

EUWAKD THE CONFESSOR. 375

No.

473

474

475

476

477

478

479

480

481

Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.

Type V.

^EDPER- -D REEX:(Double struck.)

^EDPE: -RD REX:

^ELFPIIVON CRA-NTE-Wt. 26-6.

^COTSVNV ON CR7XNTEWt. 2<J7

Typp. vii.

"I-EDPER D REX I .fCODPINE ON GRANTI

Wt. 18-3.

[PI. XXV. 3.]

EADPARD REX AUCLO

EADPRD REX ANCOR

Type ix.

^/ELFPID ©I/IUI LRAWt. 20-6.

^tODPINE ON GRANT:Wt. 20-3,

482

483

484

Type xi.

^EDPAR- RD REX I i^EADTERD ONIRANI

Wt. 19-8.

Type xiii.

EADPARD REX AD|

^SODLAMB ONCRA :

IAVt. lG-2.

RE:

REX A

•tS^ECOL ON 6RANIVAVt. 160.

pPIBEARN OrCRAWt. 15-2.

GULDEFORDA ou GILDEFORDA.[Guildford.]

^EDP RD R-

*EDPA RD RE:

^EDPE-.- RD RE

Type ii.

I

^ELFPINE ON 6V.AVt. 10-9.

Type V.

^BLACEMAN ON 6YLWt. 18 0.

^BLAEEMAN ON DVLWt. IGO.

Elfwine.

Gotsunu.

Godwine.

MUvfig.

Godwiue.

Eadwerd.

Godlamb.

Sfccol.

Wibearu.

Elfwiuc.

Blaceman.

.';7(; KNia.ANI).

No.

•isr.

J St;

•187

488

489

490

491

492

493

Obrene.

4<EDPNR D REX-

Rerene.

Type vii.

I

^BLACMAN ON LVLD;wt. \'r.^.

' i^BLACMAN ON LVLDAVt. 20-3.

Type ix.

EADVVERDVS REXAN6LO

494

495

^BLACEMAN ON 6ILAVt. 21-0.

6YLDE0KWt. 19-9.

Type xi.

•I-EADPA- RD RE •t'/ELFRIC: ON6LLDEF0R

Wt. lU-4.

Wt.'201.

Moneycr.

iJlacniiui

(lilacenian).

Blaceman.

i-EADPAR- RD RE

[PI. XXV. 4.]

•I-EADPAR- RD RE t'BLAEEMAN ON 6LDEWt. 19-5

Type xiii.

•EADPARD REX:I I«/ELFRIC- ON 6ILDE

AVt. lG-7.

•^ „ REX AN ,oi3ajiD NO omqjj\^I Wt. 140.

H/ESTINGA OH HESTINGPORT.[Hastings.]

Type ii.

•tEDPAR D RE I ^BRID ON H/ESTII Wt. 17-5.

Type iii.

EDPNDR R DEX "

I ^'BRID : ON HESTST:I Wt. 24-3.

^Ifric,

Blaceman.

..Elfric.

Brid(cf. Braud).

Brid.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 377

No.

37.S ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 379

No.

523

525

52G

527

52S

529

530

531

HAMTUNE.[Southampton.]

Type i.

»^EDPERER D REX 7^| I'LEOFPINE ON

HTXMTV(ricrced.)

Type iii.

"t'EDPE: -RD REX I ^/EL-FPINE ON HAMI

Wt. 17-4.

Type vii.

^EDPAR D REX ,»I<LE0FR1C ON HAMTVWt. 21-0.

Type vii. var. a.

EDPE RD REVar. S(^eptrc termi-

nating in three

pellets.

^/ELFPINE ON HAWt. 21 0.

Type ix.

EADPARD REX ANGLO|

^PVLNOO ON HAM:I Wt. 20-3.

„ AU6L" <i'PWL\AO€> OMU HAM/Wt. 21-2.

Tijpi' xi.

^EADPARD RD RE I ^co/EPINE ON HAMTVWt. 22-2.

Type xi. var. b.

.^EADPAR RD RE|t-PVLFNOD ON HAMTV

I

AVt. 19--

[PL XXV. «.]

HEORTFORD.[Hertford.]

Type i.

J^EDPNRD: REC- I •i'DEORSICE ON lEON^Wt. 14-6.

]Moneyer.

Leofwine.

^Ifwine.

Leofric.

.^ Ifwine.

WulnolS(Wulfno«).

Wulfno«.

Deorsisre.

Hortfonl?

380 ENGLAND.

No. Obreno. Reverse.

:>:j2 ^edpa rd r-e

533

534

535

53t)

537

538

539

540

541

Type iii.

I^/ELFPINE ON HERTFI Wt. 11-0.

HhEDPE-.- RD REX

^EDPNE RER--}-:

J-EDPND D REVar. Sceptre termi-nating in fleur-

tle-lig.

•^•EDPE- RD RE

Moneycr.

iElfwinc.

^CODMAN ON HEOR Godman.Wt. 160.

•tCODPINE ON HIR-.-Wt. 14-5.

•tCOLDPINE ON HEORWt. 13-7.

«tR/EDVL-F ON HER"Wt. 16-2.

. P.E-

Farthing.

I ^ HIR.Wt. 40.

Type vii.

•J^EDPER D REX i .^PILTRKD ON HEORT: Wiltrand

IWt. 17-2. (po8. Wilfrid).

Godwine.

Goldwine.

Escdulf.

4'EADPAP RD REType xi.

»tco/EM/ER: ONHERTFOWt. 19o.

Type xiii. var. b.

•EADPARD RE-I ^PIL/ESRIP- ON HEORI WiL-cgrip or

SsemsBr.

[PI. XXV. 7.]

Wt. 17-2.

542 ^EDPE RD RE

^pildirp on HIRTWt. 15-6.

HEREFORD.[Hereford.]

Type ii.

'I'ERndii on hereWt. 17-4.

Wilgrip.

Earnwi.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 381

01)vcrse. Moneyer.

543

544

545

546

547

548

549

550

551

552

553

Type iii.

•J^EDPE: -RD REX- I ^EIEL-RIC ON HEREWt. 167.

Type vii.

^EDPRD- -D REX-Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

•}«PVLFPIHE OH hERWt. 21-4.

.^eWc.

Wulfwine.

Type vii. var. b.

J^EDPE R-D R-EXVar. Sce^jtre termi-

nating in three

pellets.

[PI. XXV. 8.]

i^ERNPI ON hERE-Wt. 20-6.

Earnwi.

Type ix.

EADPEARD REX AN6L ^LEFENOO ONHEREFOWt. 21 G.

EADPERD REXVar. Inscription

begins behindbust.

t'EADPARD RD RE

^EADPARD RD RE

I) >> >>

^EADPAR RD RE

I-EADPAR- RD RE

Type xi.

•i-/ELFPI ONHEREFOR

Wt. 197.

"I'EA'^PI: ONHEREFOdE

Wt. 20-.3.

•t-EARNPI : ON HEREWt. 19-0.

„ HEREFOWt. 20-4.

^ELRIE: ON HL-RELOEWt. 19 8

Lcfeno^.

^lfwi(g).

Earnwi.

•EADPARD RE-

'I'LIOFENOD ONHEREFOWt. 20-0.

[PI. XXV. 9.]

TyjH xiii.

I

^/ELFOI ON HEREWt. ItJ 9.

EIric

(of. iElric).

Liofno8.

.Elf\vi(g).

382 ENCiLANI),

Ni.. Obvcmo. Ilcvcr»c.

HORNINDUNA.[IlornJon.j

T;/pi- ix.

TmI ^EADVVRD raxI

HhDVDINC ON

Moncycr.

DuJiuc.

555

556

557

558

559

560

561

562

HORNIDVNE:\Vt. VJ'J.

AN60RV:

[IM. XXV. 10]

HUNTENDUNE.[UuntingJon.]

Tyjye i.

•i^EDPA RD REX I 'i'PVLFP'lL ON HVNT: Wulfwig."\Vt. IG 7.

,

Type ii.

4«EDPE RD REX

4«EDPA- D RE

^/ELFPINE ON HV ^Ifwine.\Vt. 171.

4<VLFCTL ON HVNTWt. 9-7.

UlfcL-tcl.

PEFarthing.

I * • HVWt. 4-2.

Type iii.

•tEDPERD REX T\ ^/EL-FPINE ON HVNTE ^Ifwine.Var. Pellet iu twoangles of cross.

Wt. 17 2.

Type iv.

«i<E€)PA RD REX I »i«P.V.LFPINE O HVN Wulfwiue.

IAVt. lG-2.

Type V.

4<EDPER: D REX: h/ELFPINE ONi

^Elfwine.HVNTEN:

IWt. 25-4.

•}<LODRIC ON HVNTENWt. 25-4.

Godric.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 383

No.

nftl ENULAM).

No.

KDWAUD THE CONFESSOR. 38.3

No.

386 ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 387

No. Obverse. Moiieycr.

610

LEHERCEASTER.[Leicester.]

Type i.

^EPDER D REX A I ^PVLFRIC ON LEHR-Wt. 17").

GU I-EDFE RD RE

612 ^IDRIPA I Rl

Type ii.

I

>CODRIE Or^6HERWt. IS -2.

G13

614

615

616

617

Type V.

i^EDPNE ONLE:RIEDII

AVt. 210.

EDPA RD REVar. Sceptre teriiii

natiiig in flcur

dc-lis.

•^EDPER D REX

Type vii.

"I-CLLDEPINE ON

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

[PI. XXV I. 1.]

LEH :

Wt. 18-6.

4<C0DRIC ON LEHER-Wt. 21-3.

^E[D]PEI D RE •I'PV^EINNOO ON LEH(Broken.)

618

619

HhEDPARD- REX-.- I ^[PV]L-EN0ID ON LEV(ir. Scei)trc termi- Wt. 18'5.

Dating in fleur-

de-li.s.i

•}<EDPAR D RE "i-PVLNAO ON LE6RVar. Sceptre termi- 1

Wt. 2 10.

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

Type ix.

EADPARD REX AH6L0 ^/EGELRIC OH LEHWt. 20-1.

Wt. 21

Wulfric

(iodric.

Edwine.

(iildowiuc.

Ciodric,

WulcnnoSor WiilnaS(Wulfuo?).

..l^gelric.

888 ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 389

Xo.

390 ENGLAND.

No.

(•.15

VAC,

CAl

r.js

049

GjO

c.-.i

ti.-.3

(Ml

G55

cm

C"»7

tM8

Obvene.

t-NDC RAIX

Reverse. Moneyer.

7'i/))c vii. »v/r. h.

i-COLBRAND ON LEI Colbrand.

Vur. Scci.tro ttrmi- Wt. 20 'J.

iiutiiip in llcur-

(Ic-Hb.

PI. XXVI. .l.]

7'j/pe ix.

EADPAR RX AN6L0 ^/ELFSIC OI/IH LEICE iElfsig.

]'(()•. AliIlulct.S nil

the limbs of cross. '

Wt. 20-3. ^

EADPRD REX AN6L0 ^BR-YNNIE ON LEG: Bninninc.AVt. li)-2.

[ri. XXVI. 4.]j

EADPARD REX AH6L0 ^BRYHl/IIC ON[N]LEIC-.-

I

AVt. 21-0. '

„ AUG- »I<E0LBRAND Ol/I LEI Colbrand.

(Pierced.)

EADPRD RX AN60R •^DVNNJISC ON LE6EEES Dunninc.AVt. IS-G.

EADPARD REX AUGLO 4^C0DRIE ON LECA Godric.

Wt. 21 -C.

„ AH6L- 1 •I'LEOFHOD ON LEIC Leofno«.Wt. 19-6.

! 'I'SPEARTCOL OH LEI. Sweartcol.

i Wt. 20-5.

Ti/pi xi.

•i-EADPARD RD REI

>^/ELFcfi| ON LELEEEco ^Ifsig?Wt. 20-6.

•^EADPAR RD RE

4«EADPAR- „ „

•^EADPAR „ ..

•t'EADPAR- „ ..

I

^BRVNINC ON LELEEC Brimin?Wt. 19 0. (Bruninc).

[I'l. XXVL 5.]

I

't'DVNIISC ON LECECE Duning' Wt. 20(3. (Duninc).

•^HVOJCALR ON_EGEEC IIuscarLWt. lG-0.

•I'LIOFENOP ON LiofnoX

I

LECECC:I Wt I'JO.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 391

No.

:{:»'_» ENdLA.NK.

No.

(571

07-2

G7:J

(-.74

C7.')

C7G

C77

C78

079

G80

C8l

(;s2

C83

C84

cs.->

CSG

ObverM.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 393

No.

304 ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 395

No.

717

718

719

720

721

722

723

Obverse. Reverse.

724

725

72G

727

728

729

730

731

7:;2

Tijpc ix.

EADPAP RX AN6L0R-

EDPAR- DX AN60

EADPARD REX AUS-

"^ELFNOO ON LINIO\\i. 200.

^QODRIC ON LINEOWt. 20-5.

MVIANNAWt. 190.

EADPAD REX ANGLO ,^ODLRIM OH LINEO

Wt. 200.

EDPARD X. ANGLO-

EADPARD X

^PVLBEREN ON LINWt. 18-5.

I-PVLFRIE ON LINEOWt. 21-2.

Type X.

EDPAD X ANGLOR- I I'ELFNOO ON LINE©I

Wt. 20-4.

[PI. XXVI. 8.]

JEOPARD REX

^ETXDPAR D RE-

4.EDPAR- D RE:

't'EADPAR RD RE

^'EDPARD REI-

•i-EADPAR- RD RE

4^EADPAR RD RE

Type xi.

^AVTI ON LINEOLNNWt. 22-3.

i

I^ELFNOD OH LINEOWt. 2U-8.

i^CIFE ON LINEOLLWt. 170.

^LODRE ON LINEOL-Wt. 20-3.

•i«ODQRIM ON LirCOWt. 20-8.

^OOc/^L-AE ON LINEO(15n)kiii.)

*VLF ON LINEOLNEWt. 22 0.

H[<PVLBEORN ©NLINEOL-WL 21o,

Wt 2 10.

Moneyer.

Eifno«.

Godric.

Manna.

0<5grim.

Wulbcom.

Wultric.

Elfno«.

Auti?

ElfnoS.

Gifc.

Godric.

OSgrim.

OSslac(OMac).

Ulf.

Wulbcom.

:v.n\ KNOLANIt.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 397

No. Obverse. Reverse.

746

747

748

749

750

751

752

753

754

755

7oG

757

758

759

7G0

LUNDENE.[Loiulon.]

Moneyer.

Type i.

*EDPE: RD REX:

tEDPER D REX 7\ :

•i^EDPNRD D REE

•i^EDPER D REX.-.

^EDPNR. REC.

^EDDE- RD REX:

•1-EDPER- D REX

EDPA: REE:>^ -A-

^•EDPNRD REI:

^EDPGR: D REX.

[PI.

PEDPER- D REX-.-

»t.E[DPjER D REX:

M REX A

•^EDPAR D REX-;-

•i^VEDNRD: D RE

•i^/ELFRED ON LVNDEWt. 10 0.

i</ELFPERD „Wt. lG-7.

'I'BRIHTM/ER ON LVDWt. 12-5.

^DVDINC ONN LVNWt. 15-0.

»i<EADPOLD ON LVNWt. lG-5.

4^FDIII OIIN LVIIDE:Wt. 13-0.

•I-ESTHER ON LVND:Wt. 14-0.

»i<SODESVNE ON LVD:Wt. 15-U.

^CODPINE ON LVDWt. 11-3.

I

^CODPINE ON LVND:1 Wt. 17-3.

XXVI. 10.]

I'LEOFRED ONN LVND Lcofred.Wt. 140. !

'^LEOFSTA[N] ON LVN Leofstan.(Brokeu.)

I-LeOFSTAN ON LVNDWt. lG-6.

Alfred.

^Ifwerd.

Brihtmser.

Dudinc.

Eadwold,

Edin?

Esther.

Godesunc.

Godwiue.

I-PVLFRED ON LVNDWt. 14-9.

^PVLSILE ON LVDEWt. 12-G.

Wulfred.

Wulaigo.

!!KS ENOLANl).

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 399

No.

loo ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 401

No.

402 ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 4U3

•So. Obverse. I'everse. Moueyer.

Fahthing.

D . ON LV

«i«EDPE: R ERX-

•^EDPNO: D ER-

"i-EDPNR D RE-

•tEDPNER-.- RD E

^EDPN RD EX A

"I-EDPHED: RD E

^EDPE -D REX

»^EDPNR- RDE

•'i'EDPE-- -RD REX

i^EDPN: RD EX V

Wt. 4-2.

Tyjw iii.

"^/EEELPI ON LVNDEWt. lo-7.

^/ECELPI ON LVNDE:Wt. 15 5.

t/ECL-PI.-. ON LVNDWt. 11-3.

1«/ECEL-PIC ON LVNDWt. 150.

'i'/ECiELPIC ON LVNDWt. 130.

'i'/ELESISE ON LVND:(Chip2»cd.)

P/ELFCAR ON LVNDEWt. 14 0.

I'/ELFRED ON LVNDWt. 14-2.

>^/ELFRED ON LVND-.-Wt. 170.

't'/ELFPI: ON LVNDE-Wt. 13 0.

^EDP ERD REVar. Sceptre tcrmi-

natiug iu Ikur-

dc-lid.

»i«-EDPE-: -RD REX

^EDPED- -D REX

^EDPIIR: D RE-

^EDPN- RD EX A

^EDPER RD RE-

iEgclwig.

I</EL-FPIC ON LVNDWt. IG 0.

^/ELFPINE ON LVNDEWt. I(y3.

t'ELFPINE ON LVNDWt. 15-5.

4-/ELFPN ON LVNDE:Wt. li-5.

•i^ALRIC ON LVNDEWt. irvO.

I-BRINTRED ON LVNDWt. 13-2.

^Ifsigo.

^Ifgar.

.Elfrcd.

.Elfwig.

iElfwinc.

iElfwino ?

Alric.

lirilitrod.

2 1) 2

404

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 405

No.

40G ENOLAND,

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 407

No.

408 ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 409

No.

410 ENGLAND.

No.

0G(

!)G5

OCG

or.7

9G8

909

970

971

972

973

974

975

97G

977

Obv(>r(u>.

4<EDPER D REX

+EDPER- ., „

4^EADPE RD RE[X]

^-EDPER- D REX

I^EDPE- D REXV(ir. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

^EDPER D REX

•I^EDPER- D REX

EADPE RD REX

^EAP ERD-Vttr. Sceptre termi-nating in fleur-

de-lis.

Rcvorso.

^'BRVNLAR ON LVNDG^vt. 21 1.

HhEADPOLD ON LVND:Wt. 19-2.

^EALDVLF ONLVNDENE

Wt. 16-2.

^EEPID ONN•-VNDENE:

Wt. 19-9.

^EDRED ON LVNDE:Wt. 20-5.

»I<EDRIE ONNLVNDENE:

Wt. 1-1-7.

«i<EDPiNE ON LVNDE:Wt. 21-0.

•i'ESTIVIVND ON LVNEWt. 20 5.

•tCLIFPINE ONLVNDE-.-Wt. 16-7.

•i-EDPER- D REX ^LODERE „ „I or. Sceptre termi- Wt. 207.uating in fleur-

de-lis.

[PI. XXVII. 3.]

I'dr. Sceptre termi-nating in fleur-

de-lis.

•tEDPE D R[EX]

4«EDPER- D REXT'(ir. Sceptre termi-nating in fliur-

di'-lia.

'I-CODMAN ON LVNWt. 20-7.

•I'GODMAN ON LVND:Wt. '201.

•i'CODRIC ONLVNDENE:

Wt. 18-7.

»i«CODPINE ON LVNDWt. 21-5.

Moneyer.

EadwoM.

EaMulf.

Ecwig.

EJrcd.

Edric.

EJwinc.

Estmund.

Glifwine.

Goderc.

Godman.

Godric.

God wine.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 411

No.

412 ENGLAND.

No.

091

992

993

994

995

996

997

998

999

1000

1001

1002

1003

1004

1005

1006

Ohvene.

4«EADPE RD RE

„ REX

Rcvcnic.

HhPVLFPINE ONLVNDENE

\Vt. I'J H.

MoD'-yer.

Wulfwine.

tPVLCAR: ON LVNDEN Wiilgar.

^vt. rj-7.

Type vii. rar. b.

•tEADPE -^^RD REX- l-^ETXDPOLD OW LVND:^Vt. 18-3.

Type ix.

EADPARD REX A60RV «^/ECELPER OHLVHD-

EADVVEARDV REXANLLO

EADVVERDVS REXANCLO

EADPEARD REXAN6L0R

EADPPRD RAXAN60RV

EADPA REX AN6L0

E7\DPE7\RD REXAN6L0

EADPPRD RAE:XAN60R

EADPARD R^ AN6L0R

•i-EADRPARD REXANLOT

"\Vt. 19-4.

"1-/ELFRED OH LVHD:"SVt. 21-3.

^/ELFSICE ONLVNDENWt. 21-3.

^/ELFPERD ON LVNDWt. 20-5.

•i-ZELPERD ON LVND:Wt. 20-5.

^DEORMAN „(Broken.)

„LVNDE:Wt. 17-4.

•i^DIREMAN ONLVDENLDE

Wt. 18-7.

^EALDSAR ON LVNDEWt. 17-5.

n LVNDEIWt. 17-4.

EADP7\RD REX ANCLO ^EDPI ONLVNDENEN-.-

Wt. 2 10.

EDPARD REANGLORVM

EADPA REX ANGLO-

*60DR1C ON LVNDWt. 20-3.

„ LVNDEWt. 19-3.

Eadwold.

.^gelwer (cf.

.ffigelwerd).

iElfrei

iElfsige.

iElfwerd.

Deorman.

Direman.

Ealdgar.

Edwig.

Godric.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 413

No. Obverse. Reverse.

1007

1008

1009

1010

1011

1012

1013

1014

1015

lOlG

1017

1018

1019

1020

1021

1022

1023

EADPEARD REXANGLO ••

ET^DPETXRD REXANGLO

EAVVARD REXANGLORV

EADPARD RX ANGLO-

EADPPEARD SEXANGLO

E7\DP7^RD REXANGLOE

ET^DVVET^RDVS REXAN6L

EADPPRD RIX ANGORV

EAPPRD REXANGLOVM

EADPEARD REXANGLGVC

EADPEA REX ANGLO

EADPEARD REXANGLO

EADPEARD REXANGLO

EADPRD R^ ANGORV

EADPARD RX ANGLOR

»i<GODRIC ON LVNDENAVt. "20 -U.

•i^GODPINE ON LVNDWt. 20-3.

Moneyer.

•i^GODPNE „Wt. 210.

•i^LEFPINE ON LVND-.Wt. 18-4.

^LIFIND: ONLVNDEEN-.-

Wt. 20-7.

•I-LIOFING ON LVNDENWt. 10 2.

•i^OMYHD OVWA LVHD:Wt. 21-3.

'i'OMYND: 0:NLVNDNED

Wt. 21-0.

•i«PVLFCAR ON LVNDWt. 21-2.

J^PVLGARWt. 21-1.

•i^P.VL-GA-R ON LVNDEWt. iy-8.

i^PVL-GARAVt. 17 7.

•tPVLGAR ONLVNDENE

Wt. 171.

'i'PVLFRED ON LVNDAVt. 221.

•J^PLVFRED ONLVNDE-.-Wt. 18-4.

[TL XXYII. 4.]

^DREDND PENDREDRE ^RVLFRIIX OH LVMHIIWt. Ls;!.

EADPRD R-J- ANGO- •i^PVLFPINE ON LVNDWt. I'JO.

Godwine.

Lefwine(Leufwine),

Lifinc orLiolinc.

Omynd (cf.

Oamuud).

Will fgar orWulf'ar.

Wulfred.

Wulfric.

Wulfwine.

414

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 415

No.

1012

1043

104-i

1045

104G

1047

1048

1049

1050

1051

1052

1053

1054

1055

1056

1057

1058

1059

Obverse.

^EADPAR- RD RE

i^EADD „ „

I-EADPAR- „ „

^EADPARD „ „

"t-EADPARD „ „

I-EDPERD :REEEX

Reverse.

HhGODPlNE ON LVNDEWt. 15-.S.

J-OMMVUD ON LVUDEAVt. 17-8

Moneyer.

^OrSMVNDWt. 18-8.

'I'PVLFCAR ON LVND:Wt. 18-0.

i^PVLFCAR ON LVNDEWt. -Iiyij.

'i'PVLFCER ONLVNDEKE

Wt. 20-7.

"tEADPARD REX A • •

EADPARD „ ANG

*r >> »> <» •

EADPARD- REX A:

: EADPARD REX A

EADPARD REX A-.-

EADPARD REX ANC-.-

•EADFARD REX AG-

EADPARD REX:

-EADPARD REX A

Type xiii.

i^/ELELPI ON LVNDWt. 17G.

„ LVNDEWt. 17-3.

^/EGLPI ON LVNDENWt. 15-3.

•^/ESLPIN- ON LVNDEWt. 12 3.

^^/ELFFARD NWt. 15-4.

i^/EL-FDARD ON LVNDWt. 14 8.

^EADPINE ON LVND:Wt. 17G.

I-EDPINC ON LVNDWt. ItlO.

^EDFINE- ON LVNDE-Wt. KJG.

>I«EDriNE- O LVNDEWt. 17G.

^SODRIC ON LVNDWt. 15-8.

Osmund.

Wulfgar.

.^irclwine.

„ ANDL •i-WPETMAN ©N LVN :

I Wt. 17G.

.li; Ifward.

Endwino orEdwiue.

Godric.

Swctman,

\\r, ENGLAND.

No.

lOOU

lOGl

10C2

10G3

10G4

10C5

1066

1067

1068

1069

1070

1071

1072

1073

Obvorw.

4.EADPARD REX -A

EADPARD REX A

•EADPARD REX:

REX A

^EADPARD REX AN:

^EADRARD REX A-

Ucvornc.

•i«3PETMAN- ON LVN^Vt. 17-2.

^PVLFGAR ON LVND^Vt. 11-2.

"i^PVLGARWt. 15 6.

"J-PVL6AR ON LVNDEVar. Four crescents

in field.

Wt. 16-9.

^DVLFODI ON LVNDEAVt. lS-0.

^DVLFDARD ON.VISDWt. 170.

[n. XXYII. 5.]

EADRARD REX A

Wt. IGG.

OK.WWt. 15-2.

Halfpenny.

RD REX A ...PINE ON LVWt. 8-3.

Type XV.

EADPARD REX A

EADRARD „

EADPARD REX A

^/ELFSI ON LVNDE::Wt. 200.

•i-SODRIC ON LVNDWt. 20-3.

^rVLFFARD ON LVNWt. 19-5.

[PL XXA'II. 6.]

EADPARD „ „ ^PVL-SAR ON LVHWt. 20-4.

Type XV. var. h.

4<ERDR D ACI

"i^wPETMAN ON LVI

IWt. 17-0.

[PL XXVII. 7.]

Moneyer.

Wulfgar.

Wulfsige.

Wulfward.

Eadwine ?

.^Ifsige.

Godric.

Wulfward.

Wulgar.

Swetman.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, 417

No.

418 ENGLAND.

No.

1082

1083

1084

1085

1086

1087

1088

Obvemc. Ilcvcrec.

MEALMESBYRIG[MiiliiKhbury.]

Type. vii.

^EDPAR D REI-

Moneyer.

4«EDPE :• D. REX

4.EDPAR D REI-

»I<EAL-DPIG OM MEAL-:-, Ealdwig.AVt. I'JO.

•fiEAL-DPI ON MES-L-D-Wt. 19-4.

^EAL-DPIG ONNMEALM-AVt. 19-3.

Type xi.

»i<EADPAR RD RE "J-BRIMPI ON MELME Brihtwine?Var. In opposite

angles of cross, I

and crescent.

Wt. 20-0.

[PI. XXVII. 9.]

^•E-DR- RDE

^EADPE RD RE

•tEDPE- D RE-

^BRIHPI ON MELMEVar. In opposite

angles of cross, I

and crescent.

Wt. 20-3.

NIFEPORTE.[Newport.]

Type vii.

•J^-SIRED ONNIFEPORTG-

Wt. 19-2,

[PI. XXVII. 10.]

^OJIREDD ON NIPEPO:Wt. 160.

NOROFIC.

[Nurwieh.]

Type i.

1089 "REDDER D RE>^ 1\ •I«L-eOCDINE ON NOR!Wt. 14-4.

[PI. XXVII. 11]

Sired.

Leofwine.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 419

No.

1090

Obverse.

^EDPER D RE>I« 7^.

Reverse.

I-OSMVNDD O NORO:Wt. 17G.

Type ii.

1091i

«^EDPE RD RE I "^LEOPIE ON HORWt. 17-2.

1092

1093

1094

Type iii.

^•CDPE RD RE.fI

*^LEOFPINEON NOROWt. 17-3.

1095

1096

1097

1098

1099

1100

1101

Type iv.

^EhDDI ID PXll ^OS:MVID ON NORWt. 11-5.

^EDPERD -REX 1\ "t-RINVLF „

; Var. PA ESWt. 17-7.

[PI. XXVII. 12.]

Type V.

^EDPE- RD REX ^EENELM ON NOROi

Wt. 25-7.

Moncyer.

Osmuud.

Leofwic.

Lcofwine.

Osmund.

Iliuulf.

^EDPER: -D REX

^EDP- ERD R^

4<EDPE: RD RE:

i^.L-EOFPINE ONNORO:Wt. 25-0.

»i«O0RFRO O NOROPWt. 25-3.

'i'OVREVCRO OM l/IOR-

Wt. 25- 1.

Type vii.

•"J-EDPER D REX-Var. f^ceptri; tcrnii-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

••i'EDPR D REXVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

•tEDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in llcur-

de-lis.

fHLANGVLF ON NORWt. 2U-4.

J'OORSTAN O NOROPWt. 180.

•i<:OVRFVO ON NOROWt. i:i-.

Cenelm.

Leofwine.

porferS.

purueriS ( =

purferT) ?).

HIangulf?

porstan.

purfurS.

2 K 2

420 ENaiiANI).

No.

1102

1103

1104

1105

1106

1107

1108

1109

1110

nil

Obvonw. Rcvcree.

Type xi.

i-EADPAR RD RE:

4«EDPARD D RE-.-

I-EADPA- RD RE

i^EADPAR RD R

•tEADPAR RD RE-

^ELFPINE ON NORe[P]\Vt. 17-4.

•i«LEFPINE O NOROPIWt. 17-4.

i-LIOFPINE ON NORDWt. 20-4.

I-LIOFRIC: ON NORPPIWt. 19-8.

«i«PVLFc/5l: ON NORPPICWt. 190

Moneyer.

1112

1113

EADPARD RE

-EADPARD REX

EADPARD RX

,. [D R]E

•tEDPE RD RE

4<EDPE REC

Type xiii.

I

^EDFINE ON H0ROWt. 14-3.

4<D0DPINE O NORI Wt. 12-3.

[PL XXVII. 13.]

I-^PRICE O NORO

Wt. 14-0.

Type XV.

i'OVRGRIM ONMOROj

Wt. 14-8.

•5-OVRSTAN ON NORWt. 19-6.

OXENAFORD.[Oxford.]

Type ii.

I"i-LLPIN ON OCX-

IWt. 17-3.

Type ii. var. b.

•I«LEOFPINE OXFWt. 17-2.

Elfwino.

Lofwine or

Liofwine.

Liofric.

Wulf.-i

(Wulfsigc).

Edwine.

Godwine.

Price.

purgrim.

purstan.

Gilpin.

Leofwine.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 421

No.

1114

Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.

1115

lllG

1117

1118

1119

1120

1121

1122

1123

1121

Type iv. t-nr. a.

I'EDDE D REX-.- ^BRIUPOLD OhM©CXE

[PI. XXVn. 11.]

Wt. 17-7.

Brinwold.

Type V.

•i^EDPE: -RD REX ^EIELPINE ONOXENE-Wt. 23-9.

Type vii.

^EDPER- D REX ' ^/ELFPICL ONOC-XCNE

Wt. 21-2.

Elfwine.

iElfwier.

^EDPER--,, „Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

>i«EDPAR D REIVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

^/ELPIC ONOCEXENAF

Wt. 20-2.

^/ELPII ON OCXENEFOWt. 20-1.

Type ix.

EADPEARD REX ANSOl ^/ELFPIC ON OX:Wt. 20-G.

EADPARD REX 4^EADPIHE OHHA-H6L0V OXHE:

I Wt. 21-4.

[PI. XXVIII. 1.]

EADPARD REX AUSLO ^^ELPIME OMl/l OXHE-.Wt. 20'4.

„ AN6L- •fH/ERSOD ON O't'NEFI

Wt. 21-1.

EADARD REX AN6L0V HhSETMAN ON OXEN-.-I Wt. 21-4.

TyjK xi.

't'EADPARD RD RE •l^/ECELPINE ONOXENEX

Wt. 21-5.I

^Ifwig.

Eadwine.

Elwino.

Ilforgod (of.

Haitgod).

Swetman.

j15gclwino.

122

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 423

No. Obverse. Moneyer.

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139

1140

1141

1142

1143

1144

*EDPE: -RD REX-

•i«EDPE: -RD REX

^LODPINE ON ROFEWt. 167.

^PVLFRIC ON ROFWt. 13 3.

Type iv.

4<EDPERD -RECX- "HLODPhNE ON ROVar. Crescent at

eml of each limbof cross enclosing

pellet.

Wt. 13 0.

Type vii.

»I«EDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

4<EDPINE ONN ROF:Wt. 19-6.

Type xi.

^EADPAR RD RE I »J-L1FP1NE: ON ROFE-.'

I

Wt. 21-7.

[PI. xxviir. 3.]

•i«LIFPINE HORN OHROF

Wt. 21-7.

RUMENEA.[Romncy.]

Type i.

•i^EDPERD REX A I i'BRVNQAR ON RVWt. 15-5.

HhEDRE RD RE

•i'EDPE „ „

^ D RE

Type ii.

•tEcoTIN ON RHVWt. 110.

•J-PVLHED ON RVMWt. 14 f).

Godwine.

Wulfric.

Godwine.

Eilwinc.

Lifwine.

Lifwine andHorn.

II.M.Kl'ENNY.

I^.... ED ON^V

Brungar.

Estan.

WuUud.

Wulhod?Wl. 0-5.

424 ENtJLAND.

No.

1115

Obvono. Reverse.

Typn iv.

4-EDDER: D REX

11 IG

1117

1148

1119

1150

1151

1152

•i^PVLM/ER ON RVMVar. CroHCt^nt at

end of eacli limbof crows cucloaing

pellet.

Wt. H-4.[PI. XXVIII. 4.]

•^EDRED D RE-Var. Sceptro tormi-

natiug in ilcur

dc-lis.

Type vii.

i^LEOFRC ON- RVM:Wi. 21-0.

•J-EDPE-.- D RE- >i<PVLM/ER ON RVMEE-Var. Sceptre termi- I Wt. 10 5.

nating in fleur-

de-lis. I

Type ix.

EADPARD EX AM6L0- I ^PVLM/ER OVWA RVMI

Wt. 220.

Type xi.

i'EADPAR RD RE|

^PVLM/ER ON RVMEDWt. 21-5

SANDPIC.

[Sandwich.]

Type i.

I

•I^LIOFPINE ON SANDI

Wt. 150.

Type ii.

•J-FAREhlR ON SAWt. 14-5.

»}<LEFPINE ON SAWt. 12-4.

^LEOFDIKE ON SAWt. 10-5.

Moneyer.

Wulmajr.

Leofric.

Wulmaer.

•i«EDPNR-.- REE

4«EDPE RD RE

•i'EDP ERD R-

1153 «i<EDP- ARD-

Wulmaer.

Wulmoer.

Liofwine.

Farehir.

Lefwine,Leofwine, &c.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 425

No.

l'J(i ENGLAND.

No.

1164

11G5

IIGG

11G7

11G8

11G9

1170

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

4-EDPE RD REX

^-EDPE: RD REX-

^'EDPAR D REX-

Rcvcrnc. Money<T.

4«D0DESBRAND ON SC OoflcsbrunJ.

Var IJinhHCjf croHa|

united by onecircle only.

Wt. 17 5.

•I«PVLFRIE ON SCEFTE.-I Wulfric.

Wt. 2.0O.I

Type vii.

"tDVDVCOC OH eCEFT- Duducol?AVt. 210.

Wt. 20-2.

Ti/2ic vii. var. h.

^EADP RD REX AN |>]hP.VLFRIC -ON^J : $EEFI "\Vt. 19-2.

Wulfric.

Type viii.

^'EDP ED re:-I

^PVLFRIC OH SEEA-F Wulfric.

I

Wt. 19-2.

[PL xxvm. G.]

Type ix.

•^EADPEARD REX I J^PVLFRIC ON SCEFANGLO AVt. 20-2.

Type .\i.

•tEADPAR- RD RE|.i«/ELFP/ERD ON

coC/ETEWt. 20-2.

Wt. 20-2.

Wulfric.

^Ifwcard.

»i«CODEcoBRAND ON coE Godesbrand.Wt. 20-0.

EADPARD RE

EADPARD REX

Type XV.

I

^SODRIC ON SEEAFIWt. 200.

Type xvi.

I

•I'SODEBBRAND ON 3I

M't. 200.[PI. XXVllI. 7.]

Godric.

Godesbrand.

EDWAIID THE CONFESSOR. 427

No.

1176

Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.

SCROBESBYRIG.[Shrewsbury.]

Type V.

i^EDPE -RD REX-.- i^/ELFEH ON SCREOBE ^Ifch.AVt. 25-2.

1177 i^EDPE: -RD REX: I-LEOFSTAN ONSEREOWt. 230.

1178 »^EDRE: -RD REX J-LEOFPINE ONSEREO:Wt. 250.

Ty2}e v. var. h.

1179 ^'EDPE: -RD REX

1180

1181

1182

1183

1184

1185

^'PVLM/ER ONSCREOB:

AVt. 190.

Leofbtan.

Lcofwine.

Wulmser.

•*EDPE D RE-

Ty2)e vii.

i^^LEOFSTAN ON WCROI Wt. IGO.

Type ix.

EADPARD REX AH6L-|

^^LEOFSTAM OH SEROI

Wt. 20-8.

Type xi.

•tEADPAR RD RE i'GODPINE ON wCROWt. 22 0.

Leofstan.

Lcofatan.

Godwinc.

»J«EADPAR- „ „ i^PVDEMAN ON[a)]EOB Wudcman.(Pierced.)

„ coEOBWt. 18 0.

Wt. 20-2.

•128 en(;land.

No.

118G

1187

1188

1189

1190

1191

1192

1193

1194

1195

1196

HHEADPAR RD RE

npvprso.

J-PVLM/ER ON coEOBEWt. 20G.

Type XV.

EADPARD REX I »^EARNPI ©N SR0PI

Wt. 20-1.

[IM. XXVIII. 8.]

SEREBYRIG, Etc.

[Saliflbury.]

Tijpc ix.

EADEARD REX AN6L0- «i«60DERIC ONlERBIRSE:

Wt. 18 4.

»» »

EADPARD REX AM6LO

(Broken.)

SERB1R6EWt. 20-2.

Wt. 20-4.

EADVVEARDVS EX ^SODRIC ON SEARBIRNSLO Wt. 16-4.

Type xi.

•tEADPAR RD RE I "I'CODRIC ON wERBVI

Wt. 19-5.

[Pi. XXVIII. 9.]

«1«S0DRIC: ONCOERBVR:

Wt. 190.

EADPARD REX

REX:

Type XV.

^SIEBODE ON SEAIWt. 17-0.

II I) SERB:Wt. 18-5.

Moneyer.

WulmsBf.

Earnwig ?

Goderic or

Godric.

Godria

Sigebode.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 429

No.

1197

1198

1199

1200

1201

1202

1203

Obverse. Reverse.

SNOTINGAHAM.[Xottiugliam.]

Type ii.

^EDPR- RD RE I •i^ALHHVND A SNOI

AVt. 12-9.

[PI. XXVIII. 10.]

•i<EDD; 5> >> ^wNOTER ON CONWt. lG-6.

^EDPE D RE'I^

jSIoneyer.

Alhmund.

Snoter.

Type iii.

i-BL-ACMAN ON SNOTI Blacman.Wt. 16-2.

I<EDPER„ „Var. Pellet before

head.

«i«BLACMAN ONSNOTIHWt. 17-5.

Type V.

i-EDPER -D REE-X: »J<HALDENE ON SNOT-."Wt. 2(5-5.

[PI. XXVIII. 11.]

*EADPA[RD] RE

REX A

Type xiii.

»i«ARNCRI[M] ON SN(Broken.)

»i<FORMAN ON SNOWt. IGO.

1204

ST/EFFORDA.[Stafford.]

Typt^ V.

^•EDPE: -RD REX ^ELFRIC ONST/EFORDE

Wt. 17-5.

[I'l. XXVIII. 12]

Ilaldeno.

Amgrim.

Furman.

Elfric.

430 EN(1LAM».

No.

EDWARD TUE CONFESSOR. 431

Obverse.

1216 •i'EADRARARD RE^ A

1217

1218

1219

1220

1221

1222

1223

1221

1225

1226

1227

1228

Reverse.

^^DIORMAN O.N wT/EWt. lG-7.

Moneyer.

Diorman.

Type XV.

EADPARD REX A I ^DERMON ON ST/EN ' Dermon.

IWt. 19 0.

[PI. XXIX. 1.]

RE ^GODPINE ON ST/E Godwine.Wt. 20-4.

STANFORD.[Stamford.]

4«EDPE RD RE

4*EDE-.- „ „

^EDPI „ „

•J^EDP „ „

i'EDPE „ „

^EDPER D REX

4<EDPE: D REX

^EDPER: D RE'i'

•i^EDRER „ „

Type ii.

"i'ARFRA ON STA: ArfraWt. 15-4. l(=^ifara?).

"J-DODDINE ON S-- Godwine.Wt. 14-0.

tCODPINE ON S:Wt. 15-7.

^LEFPINE ON STAI: Leofwine.Wt. 13-7.

}<LEOFPINE ON STAWt. 15-7.

Type iii.

•I-BRVUPIHE ON STA Brunwine.Wt. 140.

^EDPE-.- RD RE«I*

^EDPINN ONSTAN FOR

Wt. H-5.

•tL-EOERINE ON8TANF:Wt. 17-3.

tLEOFPINE ON 3TANFWt. 136.

"HAIARCIN OhH STANWt. 17-2.

[VI. XXIX. 2.]

Edwine.

Lcofwino.

Marcin orHanin(Martin).

•1.T2 ENGLAND.

No.

1229 "i-EDPE RD RE*

1230

1231

1232

1233

1234

1235

1236

1237

1238

1239

1240

1241

Monpycr.

.EDPER

i^PILERIF ON 8T7^NF: Wilcrif.

Wt. 140.

IlALFrENNY.

I* N STA-NI:

Wt. GO.

4^EPD PPNXACType iv.

I

*PVL-N0:O ON STAI:Wt. 147.

Wulno«.

Tijpe V.

i-EDPE- RD REX ^/ERFRE ON STANFOR:| ^rfreWt. 27-7. (cf. Arfra).

^EDPER -D REEX- »i-f=/ER6RIN ON8TANEF0

Wt. 26-5.

Type vii.

4«EDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

i-BRVNPINE ON STAWt. 21-5.

EADPARD REXAH6L0V

EADPARD „

Type ix.

^^QODPIHE OH STANFWt. 20-9.

»i«LEOFRIE OH STAHFWt. 220.

Type xi.

"^EADPAR RD RE I ^OcoPARD ON coTANWt. 19-4.

EADPARP REX

EADPARD „

Type sv.

^BRVNPINE ON ST:Wt. 21-4.

M STAWt. 200.

i-SODPINE ON STAWt. 210.

^SPAREOLF ON ST:Wt. 19 2.

Faorgrim.

Brunwine.

Godwine.

Leofric.

Osward.

Brunwine.

Godwine.

Swarcolf •(:

Swartcol?).

EDWARD TUE COXFESSOR. 433

No. Obverse. Reverse. Moneyf-r.

SUOBYRIG.

[Sudbury.]

Type xi.

1242 : "^EADPARD RD RE I ^FOLCPINE ONI

C/3VPBVC"SVt. rj-0.

SUCGEPEORC.[Southwark.]

1243

1244

1245

1246

1247

1248

•I'EDPN: RD E-b:

I^EDPA RD E

Type ii.

«J<ELFPINE ON SVOEWt. 14-7.

^LIOFPINE ON SV€)AVt. 11-7.

Type iii.

»i«EDPAR D RE-i* I >i<L-EOFPINE ON SVO-:Wt. 14-5.

Type V.

fEDPR RD R-E^|4'EIOFRED ON coVCE :

Wt. 14-2.

Type vii.

»i«EDPER- D REX I'LEOFRED ON SVOCVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

^EDPE- D REXVar. Scei)tro termi-

nating iu lieur-

de-lis.

[Tl. XXIX. 3.]

AVt. lilO.

^O.roMVND ON SVCE-.Wt. 16 0.

1249 I'EDPAR- D REXVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in flciu:-

de-lia.

1250

VOL. II.

^OSMVND ON SV€)C:Wt. iy-5.

)> »Wt. 20-3.

Folcwine.

Elfwine.

Liofwino(Leol'wine).

Leofwiue.

Liofred

(Leyfrod).

Leofred.

Osmund.

2 1-

434 ENGLAND.

No.

i2:.i

i2:.2

i2r.3

1254

1255

1256

1257

Obvcrws.

4.EDPER D RE-

Moneycr.

EADPEARD REXANSLCOX

•i«SPETMAN ON SVOS]

Swctman.Wt. 20-G.

T>j]>' ix.

I-CODMAN ON SVOIE: Gorlman.Wt. 17G, I

EADPAR REX AMGLCW- fiOSMVUD 014 SVOD:\Vt. 20 G.

^EDDRD D. D.E

^EADPAR RD RE

EADRARD RE-

Tijpp xi.

' .^OcoMAND ON 8IDIi Wt. 20-2.

Osmund.

Osmund.

^coPETMAN ON coVOS: Swetman.Wt. 20-1.

Tijpe xiii.

I

»I<SODRIE- ON- SVDPWt. 16-5.

1258

1259

1260

4.EADPARD REX A- ! ^OcoMVND ON coVOE :

Wt. 14 8.

TAMPEORO.

[Tam\Yortb.]

^.EDP.E RD RE-

Ti/pe V.

I

>I</EDELPINE ON TAMPWt. 2i)-9.

Type xi.

4«EDPAR D RE- I 4^C0LINE ON TAMI

Wt. 20-9.

[PI. XXIX. 4.]

Godric.

Osmund.

EADPARD REType xiii.

I

-i-BRVNINC ON TAI

Wt. 140.

.^grelwina

Colinc.

Cruuiuc.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOK. -ioO

No.

436 EKOLANI).

No. I

R«'VPrH Moneyer.

Tijpf xi.

1'jr.y 4«EADPAR RD RE ^AcoTAN : ON PERINI: Aaten

IJTO +EADPA[R] RD RE

Wt. 20-5. (cf. JEstan).

^OVRaiTA[N ON P/E]RI puretan.(Broken.)

Ttji» XV.

T>7i 4.EADPARD REX I ^OEODRIE OH P/ER peodric.Wt. l'J-5.

PALINGAFORD.[Wallingfurd.]

Type iii.

1272 ; -t-EDPE: RD REX I ^BRIHTRIC ON PELINWt. 20 8.

Tijpe V.

1273 •i'EDPER -D REEX: I ^/EILPII ON PALINGEI

Wt. 24-8.

[PI. XXIX. 7.]

1274

1275 •I'EDPE -RD RE.X

^BRIHTRE ON PALWt 25-2.

^BRVNPINE ON PSWt. 2G-5.

Tiji>e \\\.

1276!

4*EDPER- D REX-Yiir. Sceptre tt-riui-

nating in tleur-

de-lis.

1277 ^EDPR-.- D REXVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

1278 "tEDPA RD REI-

1279 ' 4'EDPn-.- D REXi

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in rtiiir-

dc-lia.

•i^BRAND ON PALINGWt. 21 0.

•I-BRANND ON PELirC:Wt. 20-5.

'i'BRIHTRIIE ON PAL-IWt. 210.

•^BRIHTPINE ON PALIWt. 20 2.

Brihtric.

^ilwig?

Brihtric.

Brunwiue.

Brand.

Brihtric.

Brihtwine

.

EDWAUU THE CONFESSOR. 137

No.

438 ENGLAND.

No.

120J

12IIG

1297

1298

1299

1300

OliveiM.

•EADPARD RE-

Rcvenie. Monpycr.

^•PVLFPINE- ON PEA | Wulfwine.Wt. lG-4. I

Ttjp-- XV.

EADPARD REfX] I •t'BVREPINE ON PAWt. 19-8.

Type XV. vur. c.

EADPARD REX A I I-BRIHTM/ER ON PA:I

Wt. 20-5.

[ri. XXIX. 10.]

PECEDPORT.[Wfttchet.]

Type ii.

I^L-C ON CEPOR-I-

Wt. 10-7.

.i«VD: REE RE

Type vii.

4<EDPER D REXj

^LODCILD- ON PEEEl'((r. Sceptre termi- Wt. 21-7.

Dating in fleur-

de-lis.'

[PI. XXIX. 11.]

»i » >»

Var. Sceptro termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

>» »Wt. 200.

PERHAM.[Warcham.]

Type i.

1301 ^EDPER-.- D REX- I •fSIDENAN ON PER-.-Wt. 16-5.

Type ii.

1302 4^EDP RD REX I «^ADECNTEP ON PEWt. 11-2.

1303 HhEDPAR D REType vii.

^SIDEMAN ON-PERHAI:Wt. l'.t-7.

Burcwino.

Brilitmfor.

Loc.

Godcild.

Sideman.

Uncertain.

Sideman.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 439

1301

1305

130G

1307

1308

1309

1310

1311

1312

1313

13H

^EADR- RD REI-Var. Sceptro termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

^SIDEMAN ON PERI\Vt. 19-3.

Tijpr ix.

EADPARD REX AH6LO | fSIDEMAH OH PARNWt. 20-8.

Sideman.

^'EADPAR- RD RE

•i^EADPAR „ „

i<EADPAR-

^EADPAR

Tijpi' xi.

J^BIORN- ON PERHAM Biorn.

Wt. 20-8.I

•i^BIORN ON PERHAM :

Var. In two angles

of cross A X.

Wt. 180.

4<C0DEMAN OhPERH |Godcman.

Wt 17-3.

I'COIDEMAN ONPERHAWt. 20 0.

fPl. XXIX. 12.J

Type xiii.

^EADRARD RE II I "i^SIDEMAN PERHAWt. 15 2.

EADPARD REXTijpr XV.

^SIDEMAN ON PER:Wt. 200.

,, FERWt. 17 7

PIHRACEASTER ou PIGRAGEASTER.[Worcester.]

Ti/pr i.

Sideman.

Sidcnian.

Sideman.

•i^EPDER- D REX-A- »i*LEOFSTArj ON Lcofstan.

PIHR-.-Wt. 18-2.

Type ii.

^EDPA RD RE I I'CODPINE O Plh€- (lodwino.

Wt. 12 2.,

440 ENOLAND.

No.

1315

1316

ObverM. Revcrae. Moneycr.

1317

1318

1319

1320

1321

1322

1323

•i-EDPAR- D REI

Typt" vii.

HHCARVLFON DIHEREC fianilf.

Var. Sccptro tormi- "\Vt. 20 2.

niiting in flcur-

do-lis.

[PI. XXIX. 13.]

JEOPARD- REX-.- l »J«PIICINNC ON PIHER- WicingVur. Scoptre tormi- "\Vt. 202.

nating in fleur-

de-lia. I

Tijiie ix.

EADPARD REX AUSLO ^/ELEPINE OH PICR ; ^gelwine.Wt. 20 6.

"Wt."21-4.

Type xi.

•i«EADPAR RD RE ^/ECELPME O^PIHREC ^gelwiiie.Wt. 21 2.

^LIOFcoTAN ON PIHRE Liofstan.

Wt. 20-1.

[PI. XXIX. 14.]

^PIEINEL ON PIHRECE Wicing.

Wt. 20- 1.

4<EADPARD REX A

RE:

Type xiii.

I</ELFPINE ON PIHR j^Ifwine.

Wt. 160.

^EASTM/ER ON PIH-Wt. 160.

PILTUNE.

[Wilton.]

Type i.

1324 ^'EPDER D REX -A- I ^LIFINCE ON PILTVN Lifinc.

I Wt. 16S. '

I [PI. XXX. 1.]

Eastmser.

EDWAED THE CONFESSOR. 441

No. Obverse. Reverse. Moneyer.

Type iii.

4<EDPE: -RD RE.X ,^ELFST7XN ON PILTV:Wt. 170.

1325

132G HhEDPE- RD RE :X

1327

1328

1329

1330

1331

1332

1333

1334

^EDPE: -RD REX.

^EDPE D REX

>) >> 11

^EDPAR- D REI-

•i'LIFINEC ON PILTVNWt. 17-6.

Type V.

Jh/ELFPINE ON PILTVar. G in uuc angleof cross.

Wt. 17-2.

Type vii.

»I^-/EL-FPI-N-E ON PILTWt. 19-8.

^/ELFPINE ONPIL-TE-.-Wt. 19-8.

t-ALFPOLD ON PILTVN Alfwold.Wt. 19-8.

„ PILTVNEWt. 198.

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in lleur-

de-lis.

^EDPE- D RE

Elf'stnn.

Lifinc.

.^Ifwine.

uElfwine.

•i^DVRCILWt. 20-5.

•i^DVRECIL ON PILTWt. 200.

EADPARD REXANSLOV

Type ix.

"i^/ELFPINE ON PILT

1335;EADPEARD REX

ANGLO-

1336 EADVVEARDVS REXI

AN6L

1337 EADPARD REXAH6L0V(;

Wt. 19-8.

•^ELFPINE ONPILTVNEIC

Wt. 140.

"l^EFDPINE ONDILTVNEN

Wt 1G4.

ihALFPOLD ON PILTWt. 20 2.

Purcil.

.^Ifwine.

AlfwoUl.

[ri. XXX. 2.]

1338 EADPEARD REXAN6L0

,, PILTVNE-Wt ISO.

412 ENtiJ.AND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 443

No. CH.vor^o. Rcvorse. M.jnoyor.

1356 •i'EADPAR RD RE

1357

1358

•EADPARD REX-

EDPARD RE[X]

1359 -EADPARD RE-

13G0

1361

•EADPARD „

•i^EADPARD REX-

1362

•Ill KXil.AM).

No.

i:i72

1373

1374

1375

1376

1377

1378

1379

1380

1381

1382

1383

Obveno.

»PEDPN RD E

I«EDPA D HE

HhEDPA RD RE

*EDPER RD RE:

•i-EDPA „ „

^EDPEI RD RE

*EDP „ „

(Legend barbarous.)

Rcverec. Moneyer.

Txjjie ii.

p/ESTAN ON PIN: ^stan.AVt. 10-9.

I

I

"PBRVN ON DINE- Brun.Wi. 12 2.

j

PEDPIE ON PIN;Edwie.

Wt. 12 0.I

I-ELFSTAN ONPIN|

Elfstan.

Wt. 17-4.

^LEOFPINE ON PINI Leofwine.

"\Vt. 11-4. I

, PI

Wt. 11-2.

MFINE ON PINT: I Lifinc.

Wt. 150.

J^LIFINC ON FINDWt. 121.

IlALFrEWIES.

E R-D . . . -PLOC . . . . NC

^ RD RE:

Wt. 6-5.

. ... IN ONPINWt. 7 3.

Type iii.

•tEDPER -D REX: ••t'-CODPINE- ON PINZEWt. 170.

Loc.

Godwine.

„ REX- -I-LiFINE ON PINCEE Lifinc.

Wt. 15-8.

[n. XXX. 4.]

Tijpe iv.

13S4 .frEDPeRD REX AUG I ^ELPINE : ON PINE : Elwine.Wt. IG 4.

Type V.

1385 4<EDP RD REX '»P/ELFPINE ON PINCE:' ^Ifwine.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 445

Obverse. Moneyer.

1386 ^EDPE: RD REX

1387 >^EDPR- RD RE«I<

1388I

.^EDPI RD REX1

1389 ^EDPER: -D REEX

1390

1391 ^:ED-RE-RI D- REX:

^/ESTAN ON PINE:Vur. Limb-s of cross

united by onecircle only.

"Wt. 170.

^ESTAN ON PirCESTWt. 15-8.

»i«/E$TANN LOC OH PI

Wt. lG-8.

i-BRAND ONPINEESTR

Wt. 26-4.

Wt. 260.

.^stun or

Estan.

•I^BRIHTPOLD ONPINEE:Wt. 250.

P?l. XXX. 5.]

1392 ' I'EDPER- RD REXi

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in iiuur-

de-lis.

1393 -^EDPR RD REX

1394 ^EDPE: -RD REX

1395 ' ^EDPER- D REX

1396 ^EDPER -D REX

1397 DiEFPE: RD REX

1398 ^EDPE-.- RD REX

•J^GODPINE ON PINEVfir. Limbs of cross

united by onecircle only.

Wt. 170.

HhLEOFPINE ON PINEVar. Pellet in oneangle of cross.

(Broken.)

-i-LIFINE ON PINEES:Wt. 15-8.

^LIOFINC ON PINGEcoTWt. 16-8.

^LOE ON PINEESTVar. Limbs of cross

united by onecircle only andpellet in oneangle.

Wt. 16-8.

•tLOE ON PlNEEcoT:Wt. 170.

•i-LOE ON PINEESTRV(ir. Limbs <>f cross

united by onecircle onlv.

Wt. 24-8.

^stan andLoc.

Brand.

Brihtwold.

Godwine.

Leofwine.

Lifinc.

Loc.

IK! KNCl.AM).

law

1400

HUl

1402

1403

1404

1405

ObvvrM.

^i^L^UP: ARD RE

4«EDPE: RD REX:

Iteverso.

^PIDICA ON PINCEST:Wt. 170.

l-PYNSTAN ONPINCEST.-.

\V(. 20 1.

Type vii.

•i-EDPER- D REI- ,«i</ELFPINE ON PINCEcoVar. Sceptre termi- i

Wt. 200.

nnliiif^ iu llcur-

dc-litj.

•J'EDPER D REX 4^/ELFPINE ON PINZE^:Viir. Sctptrc tcrmi- Wt. 20-7.

iirttiug iu dcur-

dc-lis.

„ RE-

*EDPER- D REX

„ RE-Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in lieur-

de-liri.

„ PNCESWt. 20o.

i>f/E03TAN ON PINEEcoTWt. 200.

«i«/ESTAN ON PINCESTWt. 20 5.

1406I -i>

1407

„ REX "i^/ESTAN ON PINCESTIVar. Sceptre termi- I Wt. 19-8.

natin.sr in fleur-

de-li.^.

4-EDPER D RE-Var. Sceptre tcrmi-natiug in Henr-de-lis.

1408i

*EDPER-

1409

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 447

No.

i:N(iL.\M).

No. Obvprno.

1130 •+EDPER- D REXVitr. Sco|itrc tirini-

tuitiiig in flour-

(l( -lirt.

H3l ^'EDPERD- REX-Viir. Socjitrc tormi-

naling in tlcur-

de-lia.

1482 EDDER-.- D REXVar. Sci ptro t( rmi-

nating in tlciir-

dc-iia.

1433 ^EDPE-

1434 •i'EDPAR D REX-Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

1435 ! -i^EDPER „ „Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

1436 "tEDPE D RE-Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

1437

1438

1439

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

•i«EDPER D REXVar. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleur-

de-lis.

Moneyer.

4.L-ADM/ER ON PINCE:Wt. 20 7.

I-LIFINC ON PINCE3 i Lifiuc.

Wt. 20-2.

^^LICINi: ON PINEEcoT^\'t. 10-8.

i^L-IFINE ON PINCEST."\Vt. lS-4.

^LIFINi: ON PINEESTRWt. 200.

^LIFIND ON PINCECOTWt. 200.

•i^PIDTt ON PINCESI:Wt. 20-5.

i«PID;X DN PINCESI:Wt. 20-7.

4^PIDi7^ ON PINCESTIWt. lS}-4.

Widia.

Type vii. var. h.

^EADPE RD REX ANj^SARVLF ON PINERE

IWt. 200.

[n. XXX. 7.]

Garulf.

Type ix.

IIU) EADPEARD REX ^/ELFPINE ON PINCE ^IfwincAN6L-: Wt. 19-S. i

1441 EADVVEARDVS REXANDLO

„ PINCESWt. 21 4.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 449

No. Obverse.

1442 EADPEARD REX -i^/ELFPINE ON PINES:AN6L-:: i Wt. IT'?.

1443i

EADVVEARDVS REX -^/ESTAN ON PI1NCE$ANCL Wt. 21-2.

Muueycr.

Ji]staD.

1444

1445

144G

1447

1448

1449

1450

1451

1452

„ ANCLO "^/EOESTAN ON PNEESj ^^estan.Wt. 2 10.

EADPEARD REX AN6L- ^^ANDERBOD ON PIN

I

Wt. 21-4.

i^ANDERBODA: ON PI:

I

Wt. 200.

„ „ ANS-I

»^ANDERBODA ONPINCE

Wt. 18-8.

„ „ AN6L-, ^ANDERODA- ON PINO! wt. 19-8.

EADVVEARDVS REXANDLO

i<BIRIHTM/ER- ONPINCE

Wt. 200.

Anilerboda.

Brilitmajr.

I't'BRIHTM/ER- ON PINGANGLO

I

Wt. 210.

REX:i

•PBRIFTMEHR- ONPINCESWt. 18 7.

EADPARD EX HN6L j I-DODPINE ON PINE: Goilwiiio.' Wt. 19-8.

1453 EADPEARD REX AN6L- :ONn NO •BNISaOO'i':

wt. 190.

1454 EADRPARD REX AN »I«CODPINE ON P:1NC:Wt. 200.

1455 EADPEARD REX AN6L- 4<C0DP!NEi ON PINE :

Wt. 18-4.

1456

1457

1458

1459

EADVVEARDVS REX «I«60DPINE ON PIN6ESVCLO AVt. 2 10.

[PI. XXX. 8.]

' I^LIFINE ONN PINEEANGLO : Wt. 210.

^LIFINC ON PINCE3TWi. 21-4.

•i^SPRACELINC ONPING:

Wt. 2 16. :

Li fine.

Sprnctliiic.

2 a

i:.«> i:n<»lani>.

No.

IIGO •i'EADPAR RD RE

IIGI

HG2

1103

14G4I

't'EADPARD „

1465I

•t'EADPAR-

UG6 ^EADPAR

14G7

Moneyor.

14G8

HG9

1470

1471

1472

1473

Tijpii xi.[///)«

p/ELFPINE ON PINCE vKlfwin.

Wt. 1S«.

ONPINCECOWt. 20 1.

ON PINCEwTWt. I'JG.

„ PINCcoWt. 20 0.

4^ANDERB0DA ON PIN Antlcibodu.

Wt. l'J-4.

^ANDERBODE ONPIf^:Wt.lS -2.

ONPirCE!Wt. 20-4.

fBRIHTM/ER ON PIMIE Brihtrnjcr.

Wt. 2U-4.

•}<60DPINE ON PINCE Goawine.Wt. 20-4.

I-DODPINE ON PlIvCEco

Wt. l'J-2.

^GODPINE: ON PINEWt. 20-4.

LADPA RD REX

EADPEARD REX ANS-Var. Inscription con-

tinuous from left

to riirht.

1474 ^EDPAR- RD RE

1475 "tEADPA- „ ,.

147G; EADPARDE- RD R

1177 4-EADPAR- RD RE

Wt. 200.

«1<LE0FP0LD- ON PIN! Leofwold or

Wt. 19 8. LiofwoLL

„ pinceIwt. 19-8.

^LEOPOLD ON PINCEWt. 200. I

^'LIOFPOLD ONPINCE '

Wt. 192.j

„ ONPINCEOJWt. 190. I

I

ON PINIEcoTiWt. 19 4.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 451

Obvei'sc.

1478

1479

1480

1481

1482

1483

1484

1485

1486

1487

1488

1489

1490

1491

1492

1493

EADPEARD REX ANS-Var. lusciiptiun con-

tinuous from left

to riKht.

JEOPARD RD RE

l^EADPAR- „ „

"^EADPARD,, „

EADPARD RE-

«1<EADPARD REX D

•EADPARD RE:

I) 1)

RE-

4* „ REX:

)> )>

EADPARD REX A:

REX-

•EADPARD RE>1<

Reverse.

"tLIOFPOLD ONPINEECOTWt. 19-4.

Moneycr.

Spracelincor-J^COPRARELINC:O^PINEE: I Spracoliiii

Wt. 19 4.

HhcoPRAEELirCONPINIE:Wt. 19 7.

•tcoPRAELIHD ONPINCE:Wt. 190.

Type xiii.

J^./ELFPINE ON PI: iElfwino.Wt. 1(] 7.

•ZANDER BODA ON P Andcrboda.Wt. 15-8.

>I«ANDERBODE- ON PI

Wt. 17-7.

Wt. 17 4.

•^HEOEPVLF ON PIC ll^Srwulf.Wt. l(J-4.

'i'LEOFPOLD ON PIN LcofwoM.Wt. liM.

„ PNWt. 17 9.

>1^LIFING ON PINE Lifin^ or

Wt. l(;-3. Liliui\

I-LIFNC „ PINCEM't. lG-2.

RE-

REX

I'LIFNC- ON PINEESWt. 17 2.

[IM. XXX. il.J

^^SPRAEALNG- ON PI SpracalinffWt. 10 0. or Spmcclino.

•I-SPRACELINE ON PWt. 15 3.

2 G 2

W>2 ENOliANl).

No. Obverse.

EDWARD TlIK CONFESSOR. 453

No.

1512iEADPARD RE

1513

1514

1515

1516

1517

1518

1519

RE.

RE

R

Moneyer.

•i^LIFINE ON riNEE:Wt. IGl.

Wt. 180.

riNPIIWt. 180.

4^SPRACEL1NC ON P 1 Spraccliuc.

Wt. 18G.

^SFRAEELINS ON ;

Wt. 101.

^SPRAEELINS ON PI

Wt. IG 1.

., PINWt. 10 5.

EADPARD REType xvii.

I

•i'SPEARTlNS ON PI

Wt. 18-5.

PINCELSEA.[Wiiicliclsca.]

Swcarliii'i

Ti/pe xi.

1520 t'EADPAR D RE|i'COLDPINE OhPirCELE' Goldwiue.

I

Wt. 20-2.

[PI. XXX. II.]

OEODFORD.[Tliftford.]

I Type i.

l.Vil ^EDPER D REX A: I ^ELSIJE ONN OEOI

AVt. 14-3.

I

[PI. XXX. 12.]

1522 „ A-I

>^ESTMVND ON £)EO:Wt. 170.

1523 ^EDPE RD Rl

Type ii.

1 "^ELFRIC ON CE! Wt Ii;t;

Elfsie?

E.stiiiiiiiil.

Elfri.

454 ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 455

No. Obverse. Reverse.

Type Y.

Jloneyer.

1539 -i-EDPER -D REX-

1540

1541

•I'EDPE -RD REX:

"^/EIL^IE ON OEODFO: iEilsio.

Wt. 24-9.I

^ESTMVND ON -DEO ' Estmund.Wt. 2G-8.

'i'E^'i'MVND ON GEOWt. 25-8.

Type vi.

1542 •^EDPER D REEX: [ J-SODELEOF ON OEOT Godeleof.I Wt. 17-8.

[Pi. XXX. 14.]

1543

1544

1545

154(5

Type vii.

•i<ED[P]ER D RE ^BL-ARERE ONeiTFORWt. 170.

Blarore(of. Blacer).

't'EDPE- D REX ' -^CODELEOF ON £)EOT Gclclcof.

F((r. Sceptre termi- Wt. 20-7. i

uating in tleur-

de-lis.

•I-EDPER -D RE-Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in tleiir-

de-lis.

i^EDDER D RE

•^LEOFPINE ON OEOTAVt. 20-2.

^LIFPINE ON OIDFORWt. I'J G.

Leofwine or

Lifwiue.

1547 -^EADPER RD RE

1548 ^•EDPAt D RE-

i

1549 I-EADPAR RD RE

1550 I^EDPARD ERE

1551 tEADPAR RD REX

1;)52 HhEDPARD RD RE

Tyjie xi.

•i<ATcV)ERE ON PIODFOIWt. lit 0.

I

-I-BLACER ON GETFO1

Wt. I'J 1.1

"J^FOLEERD ON•DATFOR :

AVt. 1!I2.

I

•1«C>ELIC: ON PIODFODWt. 17-5.

^coVMERLIDE'

ONPIODFOWt. 2 10.

4«SVMRED ON £)ETWt. I '.to.

Atsere.

Blacer.

Folcerd.

(Jwelie

( = Uudelif?).

Sumorlodrt.

4r>i; ENCiLAM).

No.

1551

1555

15:16

1557

1558

155D

(iLvrr-.-.

4*EADPAR RD RE

RevrrM.

^'SVMRLEO ON OET:\\ t. Ill 2.

Moneycr.

^'EADPAR RD REX ?PVnFVRP ON PIODFO M'mfurdAVt r.t;t. (cf. purfuriS).

Ti/pt' xiii.

+EADPARED REX-,

-^/ELFPINE ON OETF ^Ifwine.I Wt. 18-3.

EADPARD REX-

^EADPARED REX

1560

15CI

15G2

1563

"fATSER ON DETF Atsere.

AVt. ](;0.

•l^GODRIC ON OETFO Go<lric.

^Vt. IGO.

•i-EADPARD REX-^ pSVMRD ON OETFOR Suiucrleda.

AVt. 111.I

Type XV.[

EADPARD REX,-^eODPI ON OETFORDI Godwine.

! Wt. IS 0.i

UNCERTAIN MINTS.

1564

'i'DERE RD RE

'I'EDPE RD RE

^EDPA-.- RD E

HhEDPER D REX-

Type ii.

'I'ELEIPREHPHIOAVt. 12-5.

•1-HORCEP ON EDFar. Ptlkt in oneangle of cro.-s.

Wt. 150.

Uncertain.

Uncertain.

'i'PIDRED ON RTF: ' Widred.Wt. 10-4.

Type iv.

•l^L-IFINC ON SPES* Lifinc.

1 '(( r. Cresoi'iit at

end of each limbof cross enclosingpellet.

I Wt. 15-G.

^-EDPE- RD REXType V.

I

^HLIHHHOCHFHIII-I

Wt. 180.Uncertain.

• Ipswich ?

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. 4.')

No.

4^8

EDWAED THE CONFESSOR. 459

Obverse.

1594

1595

1596

1597

1598

1599

1600

^ED

[I-jEDPE

RE

. . . . E .

. . . . AR

I-ED . .

RD

Reverse.

SBRWl. 3 0.

Type iii.

t-PVL

Moneyer.

Wulfwino.

INE

PINE

Wt. 4-0.

Wt. 3-6.

Wt. 2-7.

NE ON . .

Wt. 30

E ON MWt. 5-0

E ON NWt. 30

( 1(10 )

HAROLD II.

Succ. A.p. G Jan. lOGG; Dikd a.d. M Oct. lOCC.

Moncyers.

iTl^'oIwino (Fl.-li., I.cic, Tholf.).

M<>r!w [ = vi:ifwme] (Tliet/.).

yKir>,'cat(Lim!.).

.•/•-V/MnS [" Cni "=Chehca ?].

yKlVwiCK] (Oxf.).

ilOlfwinc or Elfwinn (Prist., Ciiiit.,

(.'liioli., Tpsw., WiiirliCHt.).

.il':ifwnl<l or Alf\v(>l(l(Wilt.).

JE\giVT [ef. Aldgar] (Lond.).

Agamunil.AUl'^txT (Lond.).

Alidf (York).

Al/ried.

Alt'.- me nlso JEU.-Almcr [= Ulincr? cf. Wulmcr] (Line).Alxxi [=.T:ifsii,r?](Chest.).

Andcrluidii (Windiest.).IMiuroiufin.

IJrihtinair (WaUingf.).Jlrihtiioi {Ghmc).IJrihtric (Exot., Taunt.).

Jirilitiri [= Briiitwine].

Ilrilitwold (Oxf. ;.

l?ruinmon (Ipsw.).

]?nin\viiic (Stamf.).

lUirpwinc (Wallingf.).

Cfiitwine or Guntu-ine ("Wilt.).

Ceorl (Brht.).

Cinstan (Dover).Colman.Chi,:Dornion[= pcrmon?] (Steyn.).Kudward.Enstna^r (Wiiicbost.).

Edric (Ilcref.).

Edwino (Caut., Hfref., Lond.).J:ij,ri [ = ]-:ifwifr or Elfwinc] (Herrf.).Elfwino, sc( ..Elfwine.Knjnd.ICrncetcl [ = Arncctel] (York).Folrir.

Foriia (Nott.).

For^ii.

Vtvq [= Froma?] (Derby),Gcrctin.

G<xii\4)rand.

(iodric (Lond., Shaft., Thctf.).Godwine (Chich., Hunt., Lewes, MaJd.,

•Vorif.).

Onhlmnn.(Jfldwino (Windiest.).H.aJ'cwi (Wincbcst.).

locctel or lor.it'l (York).Leisinc [=Leifinc?] (York).Ltn/rie ( Ware).Tjoofsi [ = L' orwige](Ijond.).

Leof.-itan (Hodi., S(juthainp.).

Lo ifward (Lowch).Leufwine (IJrist., KkcL, liorh., Stamf.).

Leofwoid ((iiiild., AVindicst,).

Litinc or LufKnc (Exct., Warw., Win-diest.).

l\Ianna 'Xott.).

Or^ric ((iloiu-.).

Osninnd (Lond., South w.).

Oswold (I-ewes).

Ou^hvaru (York).

Ou?grim (York).Out;ulf(York).Rentwine [ = Keutwiue or Ccnt\vine?J

(Wilt.)

jBo.-'c.C/ ( Yorh).

Sajwiue (Southamp ).

SentictHP, spfi Centwine.Sigod (Bedf ).

Snasbeorii or Sneheorn (Colch., Yuik).Sprac( ling (Windiest.).

Sueman [.<w also Swctman] (Lend.).Sutere (York).

Swcarling, si-e Swearting.Swearlciil or Sicartcol (York).Swearting, Sweartling, &c (Wallingf.,

Winchest.).

Swetman or Sicfman (Lond., South-amp., Warch.).

Ulfcetel (York).Urstan, sir PurstanWdtrman (Wurc).Wiiute.

Winus (Wilt.).

Wulfgiat (Gloup.).

WuIjJ or AVulfwi [= Wulfwig orWulfwinc] (Carubr., Coleb.).

IViiIfmxr, Wulmar, ic. (Line, Eomn.,Shrews.).

TTul/red (Cant).Wuifward (Dover, Li>nd.).

"Wulgar [Wulfgar] (Lond.).Wulm.vr, ,<»-»' Wulfnixr.J.^eixlred (Hast.).

"

pennon [= Dcrmon?] (Steyn.).pi/rcj/.

purged (Thctf.).

purttan (Xorw.).

HAROLD 11.

DEScniPTioN OP Types.

4G1

Obverse. Reverse.

Type i.

Head 1., wearing aiclicd crown fromwhicli (lepi'nd two fillets; in front,

6ci;i)tre, poiuiuee. Around, inscrip-

tion : outer circle.

[Cf. PI. XXXI. 1.]

Across field and l^etwecii two lines,

P 7X X. Around, inscription betweentwo circles.

Similar : no sceptre.

Type i. var. a.

I

Same.[Cf. ri. XXXI. 4.]

Tijpe i., var. b.

Similar; head r. ; in front, sceptre, I Similar; inscription in field, retro-

i;)omnK'c.|

grade.

[Cf. PI. XXXII. 5.]

Description of Coins.

No. Obverse. Reverse.

BEDEFORD.[Bedford.]

Typei.

«I«HAROL-D REX AN6L,

i«SI60D ONBEDEFORL

I

Mt. "JIO.

[PI. XXXI. 1]

BRICGSTOP.[Bristol.]

Type i.

i-HAROLD REX AN6- I I-LEOFPINE ON BRIWt. 20-5.

Muncycr.

Sigod.

Leofwinc.

4(V2 KNCil.ANI).

No. Obvorao. Revcrac. Moneycr.

C/ENTPARABYRIG.[( 'iuitfrl)iiry.]

Type i.

•J 4«HAR0LD REX I ^-EDPINE ON CANTI Edwinc.ANGLO 1

M't. 20-8.,

[I'l. XXXI. 2.] I

„ ANS:I

I-ELFPINE ON EAN : ' Elfwine.Wt. 217.

CICESTRIE.

[Chichester.]

Type i.

•^HAROLD REX T^NC 1 J^/ELFPINE ON CICEl JElfwine.Var. No fillets to "\Vt. 20 3.

,

crown. I

[PI. XXXI. 3.]

Al HhSODFINE ON EICE: Godwine.Wt. 217.

COLECEASTRE.[ColcLcster.]

Type i. var. a.

^-HSROLD REX SN6L -^PVLFPI ON COLEC Wiilfwi,

Wt. 20-2. (Wulfwig or

AVulfwine).

,. COLEIE$TWt. iy-5.

DEORABY.[Dcrl.y.]

Type i.

9 ' 'p'HAROLD REX AC.-.|^FRON ON DEORBI > Fron

IWt. 210. (= Froma?).

HAROLD II. 463

Obverse. Reverse.'

DOFERAN.[Dover.]

Type i. vnr. a.

•^HAROLD REXAN6L0RVI

Var. Inner circle

around bust.

4^CINSTAN ON DOFIA\t. 20-8.

^HAROLD REX AN6L ^PVLFPVRD ON DOVur. X 7X q

i Wt. 20 3.

[PI. XXXI. 4.]

EOFERFIC.[York.]

Type i.

^HAROLD REX AN6I -^ALEOF ON EOFERi

Alcof.

Wt. 17-5.

Moneyer.

Cinstan.

Wulfward.

AN6L I^ERNEETEL ON EOF ErncefelWt. 20-3. ( = Arncetel).

AN6I "MOCETEL ON EOFER: loectel.

Wt. 21-5.,

AN6L ^-lOCETL ON EOFERWt. 22-7.

^LEISINE ON EOFRI LcisincWt. 21o. ( = Leitinc?).

[n. XXXI. 5.] I

•^HAROLD REX ANG | ^OVCGRIM ON EOF Oirl'-rim.

Wt. 22 0.

18 "t'HAROLD REXI [AN]6L| f-OVCVLF ON EOFERP OuiSulf.

Wt. 21 2.

19

20

2]

AN6L

„ ANGLO

'i'SN/EBEORN ON EON Sn.-cbcorn.

Wt. 20-2.

Wt. 21-5.

•I«3VTERE ON EOFER Sutere.Wt. 21 2. i

It; IKSCI.WI).

Moneyer.

22 +HAROLD REXI AN6L0 -^eVTERE ON EOFER

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

AN6L -i-BPEARTCOL ON EOl ! Swcartcol.Wt. 20-7. '

ANS ^-VLFCETEL ON EOF Ulfcetel.

Wt. 20 0.

EXECESTER.[Exeter.]

Type i.

4.HAR0LD REX AN,|^LEOFDINE ON EXEC

I

AVt. 210.

Type i. vnr. a.

^HAROLD REX ANGL-.-

„ AN6L

^BRIHTRIC ON EXEWt. 20 0.

i-LIFINE ONEXECESTR

Wt. 20-5.

Leofwine.

Brihtric.

Lifinc.

^gelwine.

GIFELCEASTER.[Ilchcster.]

Type i.

}<HAROLD REX ANGL I -^/EGLPINE ON 6IFELCWt. 200.

^HAROLD REX 1\6 J.IESLPINE ON GIF' Wt. 200.

Type i. rar. a.

i<HAROLD REX 1 -l^/EGLPINE ON GIFE: i ^gehvine.SNGLO

IWt. 20-2.

[I'l. XXXI. 0.]

GILDEFORDA.[Guildford.]

Type i.

81 »i<HAROLDE ANGL- I I'LEOFPOLD ON 6ILDII

Wt. 19-3.

[PI. XXXI. 7.]

Leofwold.

HAROLD II. 4(55

No.

466 ENGLAND.

No.

:»

Obvone. Revene. Moneycr.

Tijjtr i. r(ir. n.

4«HAR0LD REX AN6L0 I -i^LEOFSTAN ON HA I LcofataD.

I

Wt. 212.,

[Pi. XXXI. 10]

H/ESTINGA.

[Hustings.]

Tijpe i.

•10I

-t-HAROLD REX I "I-OEODRED ON /ESTAN6L0

IWt. l'J-7.

HEREFORD.[Hereford.]

41

puodrcd.

42

43

44

Type i.

•I'HAROLD REX 7\N6 "I^EDRIC ON Edric.

HEREFORWt. 20 G.

HUNTENDUNE.[Huntiugdou.]

Type i. var. a.

^'HAROLD REX AN6 •1<60DYINE ON Godwine.HVNIEDWt. 213.

[I'l. XXXI. 11]

L/EPES.

[Lcwfs.]

Ti/pi i.

+HAROLD REX AN: •i-60DPINE ON LEPE: Godwine.Wt. 21 U.

j

„ ANIO ^LEOFFARD ON ' Loofward.LEPE:Wt. 20 S.

,

[I'l. XXXI 12.]I

HAROLD II. 4G7

No.

45

47

48

49

50

51

52

Obverse.

'i'HAROLD REX AN6L-

Reverse. Moneyer.

i^OSrOLD ON LEPEIWt. 2 10.

4G •i'HALOLD REX ANS "fO^POLD ON LEPEEI1 Wt. 210.

LEHERCEASTER.[Leicester.]

Oswold.

Tijiw. i.

^HAROLD REX Al I i^/EeLPlNE ON LEHRI iEgclwiuo.

I

Wt. 20-2.

[PJ. XXXIL L]

LEIGECEASTER.[Chester.]

Tijx>e i.

HhHAROLD REX AN- I ^^ALXXI ON LLE6EC Alxxi

I

Wt. 210. ( = ^lfsig?).[PI. XXXII. 2.]

LINCOLNE.[Lincoln.]

Type i.

^HAROLD REX Al ^/ELFGEAT ON\ ^Ifgcat.

LINCOIWt. 20 0.

Wt. 100.

I-HAROLD REX AN6L : CALMER ON LINCO AimerWt. 220. ( = rimer?

cf. Wuliiiir).

AN6L i^PVLMER „ „ WulmerWt. 231. (Wulfmror).

rri. XXXII. 3.] I

2 u 2

lf)8 KNULANI).

No.

HAROLD II. 469

No.

170 ENOLANI).

No.

70

80

81

82

83

81

ObYtne. Reverse. Moneyer.

ROFECEASTER.[Unclicstcr.]

Type i.

l«HAROLD REX ANGL-: 4<LE0FcnTAN ON ROFI lAoktan.Wt. 2 10.

'

[PI. XXXII. G.]

RUMENEA.[Romney.]

Typp i. rnr. n.

I«HAROLD REX AN6L J-PVLM/ER ON RVMEIi

WulmscrWt. 18-5. (Wulfinjcr).

SCEFTESBYRIG.[Shaftesbury.]

Type i.

•i<H7\R0LD REX TN60 ^SODRIE ON SCEFTES Godric.

i Wt. 180.

[PI. XXXII. 7.]

SNOTINGAHAM.[Nuttingliaru.]

Type I

•I'HAROLD REX AN6L: "^FORNA ON SNOTIh[

AVt. 200.

„ AN6-L MVIANNA ON ZNOTI Wt. 17-3.

Fornfi?

Manna.

ST/ENIG.

[Steyning.]

Type i.

'I'HAROLD REX ANGLOi •t'DERMON ON ST/ENI DormonI Wt. 21 o. ()?ermou?).

[PI. XXXII. 8.] I

HAROLD II. 471

No.

85

86

Obverse. UeverBC.

STANFORD.[Stamford.]

^HAROLD REX ANSL

"^HAROLD REX SN

Tyjyei.

pBRVNriNE ON STAWt. 21 3.

'i'LEOFPINE ON STANWt. 21-8.

IMunpycr.

Brunwine.

Loofwino.

87

SUDGEPEORC.[Southwark.]

Type i.

•^HAROLD REX ANGLO »^OSMVND ON SVDEP O.smund.

!Wt. 177.

P/ERINCPIC.

[Warwick.]

89

Type i.

^HAROLD REX AN6LO «i«LVFFINC ON PEARP!

Wt. 21-2.

[PI. XXXII. 0.]

PALINGAFORD.[Walliiigford.]

Type i.

^HAROLD REX ANGLO' ^^BVRCPINE ON PALINWt. 20 0.

[I'l. XXXII. 10.]

Luffinc

( = Liiinc).

Burgwine.

t-HAROLD REX ANG I fSPEARTLINL ON PAL Swcartlmg.Wt. 20 5.

•172 ENGLAND.

No. Obvorao. Bcvornc

PERHAM.[Wurclmm ]

I Trjpc i.

91 I •i'HAROLD REX 7\N I ^SPEMAN ON FERHWt. r.) 0.

FILTUNE.

[Wilton.]

92

93

94

95

9G

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

Type i.

^HAROLD REX AN ; •i'/ELFPOLD ON PILT

Moncycr.

Swetman.

i^lfwold or

\\'t. 200.,Alfwold.

•i^/ELFPOLD ON PILTIWt. 19-2.

„ „ AN6L

„ AN6L

^"HAROLD REX 7\NI

•i-HAROLD REX AN6L

»i«HffROLD REX ANI

,, T^N

•^HAROLD REX ANG-L- "i^ALPOLD „

„ PI LTVWt. 180.

©N PITVWt. 18-5.

ON- PITVIWt. 200.

t'/ELPOLD ON PILTVIWt. 19-4.

I-ALFPOLD ON PILTVWt. 19 7.

Wt. 19-4.

•^HAROLD REX AN6L I'EENTPINE ON PITIWt. 18 8.

[PI. XXXII. 11]

•J«HAROLD REX AI PITAlWt. 19 :>.

't'HAROLD REX AN6L ^CENPINE ON PILT:Wt. 190.

•^HAROLD REX 1\\ •I-G/ENTPIHE OH PI

Wt 201.

Centwinc.

HAROLD IT. 473

Obversp. Rfvcrsc. Moneyer.

•I-HAROLD REX Al »i«RENTPINE ON I R(ntwine(=PILTVN Kentwiue?).Wt. 20- 1.

I-HAROLD REX AN60L f'PlNVS ON PILTIA i Winus.Wt. 10-9.

7^1 4«PINVS ON PILTVN\Vt. 201.

PINGEASTRE.[Winchester.]

Tupe i.

I«H7\R0LD REX aN i ^/ELFPINE ON PINEWt. KJO.

„ AN6L ^ANDERBODE ON PWt. 11)7.

All I'ANDERBODE ON PI

Wt. 17-4.

„ Pll

Wt. 180.

„ ANSL:' ^ETXSTN/ER ON PINI

Wt. ll)-5.

„ ANLO ' t'GOLDPIN PINCEEIWt. 19-8.

t'HAROLD REX AN6L;' ^HEADE>I ON >ICWt. 210.

„ ANS:j4^LE0FP0LD ON PIN

I Wt. 21-2.

[n. XXXII. 12.]

-iElfwiue.

Anderboda.

Eastnasr.

!Goldwinc.

I

IloatScwi.

' LcofwoM.

"l^HAROLD EX AN I-LEOFPOLD ON PIN!Wt. ISO.

•l-HAROLD REX AN6L t'LIFIC ON PINCE3T;

wt. 15-4.

All >^SPRACELIN6 ON P:Wt. 21 4.

7\N6 '^SPEARLING ON PI

Wt,210.

"l-HAROLD REX AN6L: •^SPEARTLING ON PI

Wt. 20 0.

Lifinc.

Pinaoclinp.

Pw( arlinij orS\vc;irtliiii:(cr.

Swoartinp).

171 ENGLAND,

No.

120

121

122

12:?

Obvorac. Rcvrrnc. Moneycr.

+HAROLD REX AN6L: 4<SPEARTINS ON PI Swcarling.Wt. ia-5.

OEOTFORD.[Tliotford.]

Type i.

«i-HAROLD REX N6LI-|-i^/EDEPiNE ON OITFO ^Egclwinc.

Wt. 20-0.j

„ ANG ' "^GODRIC ON OEOTI Gcxlric.

Wt. 20 7. I

124

125

4^€)VR60D ON GEOT.Wt. l.S-7.

UNCERTAIN MINT.

Tyi^ i.

^HAROLD REX ANG 1 I^BLAGEMAN ON I

(Broken.)

•i«BRIHTM/ER ON I

Wt. 20-0.

purged.

Blaceman.

Brihtmser.

INDEXES.

I.—GENEKAL INDEX.

*^* The uumbLrB in this Index, and in tlic following Indexes, refer to the

p(i(je in tlie Cutulogue.

A.

^Ifgifu, first wifo of .Ethelrcd II.,

Ixxvii.

.^Ifgifu (Alfifa), first wife or mistress

of Cnut, Ixxxvii.

.^Ifgifu (Emma), second wife of iEtliel-

red II., and of Cuut. See Emma...Elflieah, Abp. of Canterbury, martyr-

dom of, Ixxix.

iElfred, battle of Ashdowu, xxxii.

;

besieges Vikings in Nottingham, (7/. ;

accession, xxxii., xxxiii. ; defeated

at Wilton, xxxiii. ; attacks Gu'Sorm

iu Wareham, xxxiv. ; destroys Viking

ileet, ib. ; retires to ililthelney, xxxv.

;

defeats Gu^orm at yEthandune, and

divides kingdom, ih. ; bis government,

xxxvi. ; rebuilds London, xxxvii.

;

siege of Exeter, xxxviii.

Coinage :—types of, imitated by

Vikings, &c., xxxiii., xli.-xliii., xlvi.,

xlvii. ; with monogram of London.

xxxiv., xxxvii., xxxix. ; causes of

large issues, xxxvi. ; issues and types

of coins, xxxviii.-xlviii. ; moueyers,

list of, 32 ; coin-types, 33 ; coins,

38-82 (with mint name, 38 ; without

mint name, 55).

iElfred, the jEtheling, takes refuge

in Normandy, Ixxix. ; bis munler,

Ixxxvii.

iElfric, the ealdorman, his treachery,

Ixxiii.

^Ifwyn, dau. of ^Ethelfla;d, betrothed

toR(5gnaldof Xorthumbria, li. «.; lix.

iEthandnne, battle of, xxxv.

^thelbald, k. of Wessex, defeated at

Oekley, xxiv. ; rebellion of, xxiv.,

xxvi. n., xxvii. ; receives kingdom of

Wessex, xxv., xxvi. n., Ixix. ; his

marriage, xxvii. ; death, it.

Coinage :—rarity of his coins,

xxvii., 21 71. ; moncyers and coins, 21.

-iEthelbearht, marriage with Berchta,

dau. of Charibert, xxv. ; accession to

throne of Kent, xxvii. ; and Wessex,

xxviii.; Viking raids, ib.

Coinage :—moneyers, list of, 22 ;

coin-types, ib. ; coins, 23-2G.

iEthelflaed, Lady of the Mercians, mar-

riage, xxxvii. ; building of the burgs,

li., lii. ; death, li.

.^Ethelney, refuge of iElfred in, xxxv.

iEihelrcd I., accession, xxviii. ; battle

of Ashdown and siege of Notting-

ham, xxxii. ; death, ib.

Coinage :—moueyers, list of, 27 ;

Coin-types, ib.; coins, 28-31 (with

bust, 28 ; without bust, 31).

iEtlielred II., accession, Ixx. ; his

Biibriijiiet of 'Unready,' ib.; causes

of decline of power, Ixxi. ; opposition

to Vikings, Ixxiii. ; treachery of

thanes and caldormcn, Ixxv.

;

attacks Cuml)crlaud and tiie Isle uf

Man, ib. ; massacre of St. liriee,

Ixxvi. ; moTiiage, Ixxvii. ; bribes the

478 I.—GENEUAL INDEX.

DiinoB, Ixxvlii. ; (light to Normandy

anil return, Ixxix. ; death, Ixxx.

i10tliclrt««l II., Coinage : — inoncyera

largely Scandinavian, xlvi. ; coinage,

Ixxx.; coinH of, found in Scan-

dinavia, Ixxxi. ; tiicir wide circu-

lation and imitation by Scandiua-

vianH, Ixxxii., cxxv. ; with name

of Dublin, Ixxxiii. ; double cross

tyi»e, Ixxxix. ; moneyers, list of,

li»7; coin-types, 202 ; coins, 208-242

(blunileiod coins, 241).

iEthelred, Lord of Mercia, marriage,

xxxvii. ; no coins of, ib. ; defeats

Vikiugd at Buttington, xxxviii.

;

Governor of London, xxxix. ; death,

li.

iEthclstan, accession, Ivi. ; war with

Nortbumbria, Ix. ; adds York to his

kingdom, ib. ; opposed by British

princes, (7*. ; his jjower, Ixi. ; relations

with Ilarald of Norway, ib.; war with

IScotland and battle of Brunanbiirg,

Ixiii. ; death, ib.

Coinage :—strikes no coins for

Kent, xxvi. ;». ; moneyers, Frankish

and Scandinavian, xlv. ; titles on

coing and charters, Ixi., Ixii. ; coinage

marks extent of conquests, Ixii.

;

coins of York, Ixvii., Ixviii. ; laws

relating to mints, cviii. ; list of

moneyers, 101 ; coin-types, 103

;

coins, 105-131 (with mint name,

105; without mint name, 115).

iEthelstan, sou of iEthelwulf, his rule

in Kent, xxvi. n.

..ilthihvald, son of .Sthelied I., rebel-

lion of, xlviii. ; elected king of Nortb-

umbria, ib. ; defeated at Holme, xlix.

iEthelwulf, k. of Wesaex, defeats

Baldreil, k. of Kent, xiv. ; accession,

.xxiii. ; battle of Ockley, xxiv. ; pil-

grimage to Rome and marriage with

.Iiulilh, dau. of Cliarles the Bald,

xxv. ; divides kingdom with ./Ethel-

bald, XXV., xxvi. n.

C(jinage :—moneyers of xvii. ;

classification of oin-tyjies, xxvi.,

xxvii. ; coins struck in Kent, ih.

;

list of moneyers, 9 ; coin-typee, ib.

;

coins, 13-20 (with mint name, 13;

without mint name, 15).

yEthered, Abp. of Canterbury, coin-

types similar to iElfretl's, xxxviii.

Alphabetical forms used in Catalogue,

ci.

Army, standing, instituted by Cnut,

Ixxxiv.

'Army,' the, of Vikings, its constitu-

tion and leadership, xxx.

Amulf, Emp. of Germany, defeats

Vikings, xlix.

Arrangement of coins in Catalogue, xi.

Art of later Ang.-Saxon coins, cause of

decadence of, cxxiv. ; of earlier coin-

ages, sceattas and pennies, cxxvL

Asbjom, Earl, killed at Ashdown,

xxxii.

Ashdown, battle of, xxxii.; mint of,

notice, cxi.

Assandune, battle of, Ixxx.

Austin, ISIr., his coin of ^Ethelbald, 21;».

B.

Bivgsieg, Viking king, killed at Ash-

down, xxxii.

Bakewtll, burg built by Eadweard I.,

Hi.

Baldred, k. of Kent, defeated by

jEthelwulf, xiv. ; coins of, imitated

by Ecgbeorht, xix.

Baldwin, Count of Flanders, marriage

with Judith, widow of .^thclbald,

xxviii.

Bamborough stormed by Dunes, Ixxiii.

I.—GENERAL INDEX. 479

Bath, coins of, struck by Alfred, xl.,

xli. See also Index of Mints.

Bcaduheard, the port-reeve, slain by

the Vikings, xxi.

Boda, and tlie title of BretWiilda, xv.

Bedford, 'army of,' xxx. ; burg built

by Eadweard I., Hi.; Bloneyers of,

under Eadwig, Eadred, &c., Ixix.

Bedwin, mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxi.

Beorhtric, k. of Wessex, marriage and

death, xiii.

Beorhtwulf, k. of Mercia, defeated by

Rorik, the Dane, xxiv.

Beoruwulf, k. of Mercia, defeated at

EUandune, xiv. ; death, xv.

Berchta, dau. of Charibert, marriage

with iEthelbearht of Kent, xxv.

Blundered pennies, of Alfred, xli.,

xlii., 41-45, 79, 82; of ^thelstan,

119; of ^thelred II., 242.

Boyne, \V., his coin of Ecgbeorht, 5.

Bremesburg (Bramsbury), burg built

by yEthelilajd, li., lii.

Bretwalda, title of, xv.

Brcwton, mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxi.

Bribes to Vikings and Danes, xxxii.,

xxxiii., Ixxiii., Ixxv., Ixxviii.

Brice, I\Ir. W., his coin of iEthelbald,

21 n.

Bridgnorth, burg built by .^Etholloid,

li., lii ; mint of, notice, cxii.

Brihtnoth, the ealdoiiuan, deflated at

Maldun, Ixxii.

Brunanburg, battle of, Ixiii.

Bruton. Set Brcwton.

Buckingham, burg built ljy Eadweard

I., lii.

Buildings, types of, on coins, Ivi., cvii.

Burgrcd, k. of ]\Iercia, attackLd by

Vikings, xxxii. ; deposed by llalfilan,

xxxiii.

Burgs, building of, in England, Fmncr,

and Germany, xlis., 1.; by Ead-

weard I. and .^thelllajd l.-liii. ; list

of, lii. ; illustrated by coins of Ead-

weard I., Ivi.

Burgs,' the ' Five, jurisdiction and list

of, xliv., xliv. 71., lix. ; form of govern-

ment, republican, liv. ; increased to

' Seven Burgs,' ib. ; incorporated

into the West-Saxon kingdom, Iv.,

Ixv., l.xviii.

Bust on coins, origin of type, cvii.

;

portraiture of, ih.

Buttington, battle of, xxxviii.

c.

Cadbury, mint of, notice, cx.i.

Cambridge, taken by Guthorm, xxxv.

:

' army ' of, submits to Eadweard I.,

liv.

Camelford, battle of, xiv.

CANT and DOR i Bl, on coins of iEthel-

wulf, xxvi.

Canterbury, types of coins, imitated

by Ecgbeorht, xix., xx. ; attacked

by Rorik, the Dane, xxiii. ; mint of,

and edict of Grcatley, cix.

Carolingian coinage, its early influence

on English coinage, xc, cxxiii.

Carolus-monogram of Charlemagne

copied by Ecgbeorht, xx., xc.

Castle Rising, mint of, notice, cxii.

See aho Roiseng.

Ceolno?!, Abp. of Canterbury, copied

mouugram type of Ecgbeorht, xx.

I'eolwulf I., k. of ISIercia, types

of coins imitated by Ecgbeorht,

xix.

Ccolwulf II., k. of Blercia, accession,

xx.\iii., xxxiv. ; coiu-tyi»e also used

by Ilalfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii. ; and

by Alfred, xxxviii., xxxix.

Charibert, k. of Paris, marriage of iiis

dau. Berchta to iEthelbeurhl, xxv.

4.SI) I.—GKNEHAL INDEX,

Cliiirlcinai,'!"' nccivcH Er^bt orht, xiii. ;

roin-tyjH-a iiuitiitcd by Erf,'btorht,

XX.; •XriHliuiiii Uoligio' typo,

21 n.

ChiirlcB tliu IJiilil revivea Kiirolua-

inonoKmin tyjK', xx. ; nmrriago of

Judith t<) i-Etholwiilf, XXV.

Clinrk'S tlie Simple, marriage to Ead-

)j^ifu, Ixi.

Charinouth, defeat nf the English by

Vikiiiga at, xxii.

Cliartors, titles of -.Ethclstuu on, Ixi.,

Ixii. ; accuracy of names in, xcviii.

Chcrbury, burg built by iEtliclflad,

li., Hi.

Chester, restored by uEthelflffid, li.

;

coius of .^thelstan struck at, li.,

Ixii. ; ravaged by Vikings, Ixxii.

Chester or Leicester, coins of, Iv. n.

Chichester, mint of, and edict of

Greatley, cix.

ChipjKnham taken by Guthorni, xxxv.

Cletlemutha (Gladniouth), burg built

by Eadweard I., Hi.

Cnut, invasion of, xxix. ; proclaimed

king, Ixxix. ; returns to England, ib.

battle of Assandune, Ixxx. ; treaty

of Olney and king of all England,

ib. ; extent of rule, Ixxxii., Ixxxiii.

;

institutes Btiindiug army and fleet,

Ixxxiv. ; his policy and government,

Ixxxiv.-lxxxvi. ; endowment of

churches and monasteries, Ixxxv.

;

division of his dominions, Ixxxvii.

Coinage : - coins with his name

struck at Dublin, Ixxxiii. ; types of

coins (helmeted liead and crowned

bust) Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv. ; mints

of, xc. ; coin- types, their chronological

order, xci. ; types copied by Scandi-

navians, cxxiv. ; list of moneyers,

'2i:?; coin-types, 248 ; coins, 255-301

(uucvrtuiu mints, 301).

GNUT on coins of TElfred, xl. ; on

coius in Cuerdule Find, xlvii.

Coonwulf, 8on of Offa, coinage for

Mercia, xiii. ; coin-type imitated by

Ecgbeorht, xix.

Coinage, its historical value, &c., xiii. ;

rigiit of not exercised by under-

kings, xxvi.

Coins, arrangement of, in Catalogue,

xi. ; number of Anglo-Saxon coins in

National Collection, xi., xii. ; i&jUfs

of, for payment of taxes, tributes,

&c., Ixxxi., cxxiv.

Colchester, burg built by Eadweard I.,

lii. ; mint of, and edict of Greatley,

cix.

Combe, Taylor, on coin (jf .^thclbald,

21 «.

Conn's Half. See Leth-Cuind.

Constantine III., k. of Scotland, joins

coalition against jEtliclstan, Ix.

;

rebellion of, Ixiii.

Corbridge, mint of, notice, cxiii.

Cross, double, on coins, its fiscal sig-

nificance, Ixxxix.

Crown on coins of Cnut, its origin,

Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv.

Cuerdale Hoard, Viking imitations in,

xxxix. ; coins of, xiii., xlvi. ; North-

umbrian coins in, xlvii. ; debased

penny of .-Elfred in, 37 n.

Cumberland, granted to Malcolm I. of

Scotland, Ixix. ; attacked by iEtbel-

red II., Ixxv., Ixxvi.

D.

Danebrog, on coins of Cuut, xcii.

Danegeld, nature of, and origin, xxxiii.,

Ixxviii. ; levy of, by Harthacnut,

Ixxxviii.

Danish invasions of England, Ixxii.,

Ixxiii., Ixxv.-Ixxx. ; (attacks on

I.—GENERAL INDEX. 481

Southhampton, Chester, Thanct,

Padstow, Dorchester, London, and

Watcliet, Ixxii. ; on Ipswich and Bam-

horou^h, Ixxiii. ; defeat at Maldnn,

ib. ; hmding in tlie Isle of Wight and

Kent, Ixxv. ; return of Svend and

siege of Exeter, Ixxvii. ; conquest of

Enghind, Ixxix. ; arrival of C'nut, //;.

;

hattles of Pen Selwood and Assan-

dune and treaty of Oluey, Ixxx.) See

also under Vikings, invasions of.

Danish kings iu England, coinages of,

Ixxxix.

Danish and Viking invasions distin-

guisliod, xxxi.

Danish, Viking, and Norman invasions

contrasted, xxviii., xxix.

Darenth, mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxiii.

Delgany Hoard, monogram-type coins

of Ecgbeorht iu, xx. ; account of,

xxii.

Denmark, early coin-types of, cojiied

from English coins, Ixxxii.

Derby, coins of Jithclstan struck at,

Ixii.

Dereham, mint of, notice, cxiii.

Dies, how supplied, xcviii., civ., ex.

;

process of engraving inscriptions on,

xcix.

Domesday, on supply of dies to

Worcester, Hereford, &c., civ. u.

Dorchester, mint of, notice, cxiii.

Dore, submission of Nortlimubriuiis to

Ecgbeorht at, xv.

DORIBl and CANT on coin.s of

iEthclwuli', xxvi.

'Dorobornia' on coins of Jilfnd, xl.

Dorstat, Swedish cojjies of coins of,

xlvi.

Double-cross type, its fiscal signifi-

cance, Ixxxix.

Dublin, coins of, with names of ^Elliel-

rcil ir. nni] ('mil. Ixxviii.

Dufnall, k. of Strathclyde, rows

Eadgar on the Dee, Ixx.

Dunstan, Abp. of Canterbury, death,

Ixxiii.

E.

Eadgar, accession to tiironc of Mercia,

Ixix. ; king of all England, ib.;

assists Howel in North Wales, ih. ;

confirms Cumberland to Malcolm

of Scotland, Ixx.; the row on the

Dee, ib. ; laws of, confirmed by

Cnut, Ixxxiv.

Coinage :—mints of, Ixx. ; list of

moneyers, 163; coin-types, 1G5;

coins, 168-190 (with mint namo

168 : without mint name, 175).

Eudgifu, mariiage to Charles the

Simple of France, Ixi.

Eadgith, marriage to Otto I., Emptror,

Ixi.

Eadhild, marriage to Hugh the Great,

duke of France, Ixi.

Eadmund, the ' Five Burgs,' subjection

of, Iv. ; accession, Ixiii. ; attacked by

Olaf Quaran and Wulfstau of York,

Ixiv. ; treaty with, ib. ; baptism of

Olaf Quaran, Ixiv. ; adds East

Anglia and the Five Burgs to his

dominions, Ixv. ; defeat of Olaf and

Ragnald of Northumbria, //*.

;

murder of, ib.; extent of power in

Nurthumluia, Ixvi.

Coinage :—Prankish and Scan-

dinavian moneycrs, xlv., xlvi.; coins

struck at York, Ixvii., Ixviii.;

list of moneyers, 122; coin-tyix's,

12:?; coins 124-141 (with mint

name, 121 ; without mint name,

12.1).

Eadnnnid (Inmsidc) opposes the

I);infs, Ixxix. : ac<>rs.>inn, Ixxx. :

2 I

482 I.—OENKKAL INDEX.

botlU'B of Ptn Hclwofxl, eiioiston,

nn<l Aiwiiniliiiu', ih.; trcKily of Olnoy,

i7). ; (lunth, ib.

I'jiiliimnd (IridiHidt'), Coinage :—no

cdiiiH I'xfiiiit, 213 H.

Eiiiln (I, acrcssion, Ixvi. ; ullepiancc of

^V^llf^t^m, Al)i). of York, ih.; Erik

IUi)?iix driven from Nortliumbria,

ih. ; dtalli, il>.

Coinage :—Franki-sli nnd Sran-

dinavian moncycrs, xlv., xlvi. ; coins

of York, Ixvii., Ixviii. ; list of

moneyern, 112 ; coin-types, 143 ;

coins, 141-155 (with mint name,

144; without mint name, 141).

Kadrcd, of Berniein, joItis coalition

against iEtlielstan, Ix.

Eadrio Striona, treachery at Assan-

dunc, Ixxx.; accused of murder of

Endiiiund Ironside, ih. ; deatli,

Ixxxiii. ; made Karl of Jlercia,

Ixxxvi.

Eadweard llio EMcr, battle of Biit-

lington, xxxviii. ; a'^ces^ion, xlviii. ;

dofents yEthelwald of Nortliumbria

at Holme, xlix. ; treaty with

Guthorm P^irikseon, 1., liii. ; his royal

titles, 1. ; incorporates Mercia, ib. ;

building of the burgs, l.-liii. ; list of

burgs, Hi. ; captures Tcmpsford from

Vikings, liv. ; submission of the

Danes, i7>. ; character of reign re-

flected by coinage, Iv.

Coinage :—Frankish and Scandi-

navian moueyers, xlv. ; titles on

coins, 1. ; types of coins and inscrip-

tions, Iv., Ivi. ; list of moneyers, 83 ;

coin-types, 84; coins, 87-100 (with

mint name, 87 ; without mint name,

87).

Eadweard IT., accession, Ixx.

Coinage :—list of moneyers, 191

;

coin-types, 192; coins, 192-196.

Eadwig, accession, Ixviii ; liis unpoim-

larity, Ixix. ; d( ath, il}.

Coinage :—Frankish and Scamli-

navian moneyers, xlvi. ; enins struck

at York, Ixviii. ; list of moneyers,

156; coin-types, 156; coins, 158-

1G2 (with mint name, 158 ; without

mint name, IGO).

I'^iidwine, earl of Mercia, rivalry of

To.stig, xciv.

Ealgifu, marriage to Louis, k. of

Provence, Ixi.

Ealhstan, bp. of Sherborne, defeat of

Baldred, k. of Kent, xiv.

Earbbtms established in England by

Cnut, Ixxxvi., xc. ; rivalry of, xciv.

East Anglia, kings of, their relation to

Mercia, xiii. ; supremacy of Ecgbeorht

over, XV. ; ravaged by Vikings, xxiii.,

xxxii. ; Viking settlement in (a.d.

866), xxviii. ; foundation of Viking

kingdom in, xxxv., xxxvi. ; Frankish

moneyers' names on coins of, xliv.

;

submission of Vikings of, to Ead-

weard I., liv. ; incorporated into

Wessex, Ixv. ; government of the

earls, ih. ; earldom of, established,

Ixxxiv. ; rivalry of, xciv.

Ecgbeorht, flight to France, xiii., xiv.

;

his conijuest^, xiii. ; his policy and

wars with Wales, xiv. ; battle of

Ellandunc, ih. ; extent of rule,

XV. ; submission of Nortliumbriims

at Dore, ih. ; supremacy over East

Anglia and Northumbria, ib. ; de-

feats Vikings at ' Henge&tdunc,'

xxii. ; death, xxiii.

— Coinage :—probable date of first

coinage, xii., xvii., xx., xxi. ; his

moneyers of Kentish origin, xvii.;

early types of coins, xvii., xx. ; coin-

types derived from issues of Mercia,

Kent, &c., xix., XX.; Carlovingian

T.—GENERAL INDEX, 183

influence on early coin-type, xs.

;

list of moncyers, 1; coin-types, 1;

coins, C-8 (with mint name, G ; with-

out mint name, 7).

EcGBOR, monogram of, 1 n.

Eddesbury, burg built by iEthelflrcd,

li., lii.

Edward the Confessor, flight to Nor-

mandy, Ixxix. ; claim to English

throne supported, Ixxxviii. ; re-

ceives support of Godwin, xcii.

;

accession, ib. ; increase of Norman

influence, xciii.

Coinage :— Norman influence not

traceable in coinage, xciii. ; coinage

of, xcvi. ; chronological order of

coin-types, xcvii. ; list of moneyers,

329 ; coin-types, 334 ; coins, 330-459

(uncertain mints, 450).

Ellandune, battle of, xiv., xvi. ; marks

probable date of Ecgbeorht's first

coinage, xii., xvii., xx., xxi.

Emma (^Ifgifu) of Normandy, mar-

riage to ^Etlulrcil II., l.Kxvii. ; flics to

Normandy, Ixxix. ; married to Cnut,

Ixxxvii.

England, state of, under .^Ethclred II.,

Ixxi. ; and wealth, Ixxxi. ; under

Cnut, Ixxxvi., xcv. ; under Cnut's

successors, xcv.

England, kingdom of, coins, 1 03-474.

English coinage, its earliest types,

cxxii., cxxiii. ; derived from Mero-

vingian and Caroliiigian issues,

cxxii. ; distinetive nature of, ih.

English and Prankish coinage s, their

early connection and separation,

xviii.

Engravers of dies, their process of

engraving and errors, xcix.-cii.;

whether moneyers, xcix., cxi.

Erik Blo^ox, succession to throne of

Norway, xxv. n. ; k. of Nortlium-

briii, Ixvi. ; expelled, ib. ; restored,

ib. ; his moneyers, Ixvii.

Erik, earl of Norway, joins coalition

against Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvi. ;

receives part of Norway, Ixxvii.;

aids Cnut, Ixxx. ; made earl of North-

umbria, Ixxxvi.

Essex, added to Wesscx, xv. ; Danes

of, submit to Eadweard I., liv.

Evans, Sir John, account of the

Delgany Hoard, xxii. n. ; on mint

of Newport, cxvii. ; coinof Ecgbeorht

belonging to, 4.

Exeter, retreat of Guthorm to, xxxv.

;

captured by Vikings, xxxviii. ; coins

of, struck by uElfred, xl., xli. ; taken

by Svend of Denmark, Ixxvii.

P.

Faatolfs, moneyers at Thetford and

Lincoln, ciii.

' Five Burgs.' See Burgs,' the ' Five.

Fleet, building of, by iElfred, xxxv.,

xxxvi., Iviii. ; by Vikings, Iviii.

;

standing, instituted by Cnut, Ixxxiv.

Floral designs on coins of Eadweard I.,

cvii.

Forts, building of. See Burgs.

Frajnc, Earl, killed at Ashdown, xxxii.

France, raid of Vikings in, xxiii.

France and Germany, early coinages

of, divergence of typos, xc.

Frankish coin-types in Cuerdalc Hoard,

xlvii.

Frankish moneyers' names on coins of

Wesscx, East Angliii, &c., xliii.-xlvi.

Friinkish and English coinages, their

early connection, xviii. ; ceases with

reign of Ecgbeorht, xviii., xxi.

Freeman, on title of ' Rex Saxonuni,'

xix. )'.

2 I 2

•IS I.—OENKltAL INDICX.

G.

0»<oSaliiirli (Jill burffli), mint of, notice,

fxiv.

(}( riimny, raiilrt of Vikinjis in, xxii.

;

ilffi'nt of Viking.s by Arnulf, i-inp.,

xlix. ; coiungo of, its influence on

t\ j>i'8 of Cnut, xc.

(iililis, Mr. H., liis Coin of ^Etiiulbald,

21 n.

(»lti<linouth. See Cledcniutha.

Gloucester, coins of, struck by iElfrcil,

xl.

CuKlwiue, Earl, ap|)ointt'd earl of

Wossex, Ixxxvi. ; opposes claim of

Harold I., Ixxxvii.; murdcrofiElfred,

tiie .Etlieling, ib. ; supports cause

of Edward the C'ouf., xcii. ; his

power, xcii., xciii. ; deatli, xciii.

Gold coin of ^thelred II., 208.

Grealley, synod of, its decree relating

to mints, cviii.

(ireen, J. H., on 'Orsnaforda' coins,

xxxvii. II.

GulhfrilS, k. of Dublin, claims Northum-

briix, Ix.

(iuthnnmd, tiie Viking, attacks

lp^^vicll, Ixxiii.

(iutliorin (/Ethelstan), k. of East

Anglia, invades Wessex, xxxv.

;

battle of .^Ethandune and baptism

at Weilmorc, ib. ; receives East

Anglia, xxxv., xxxvi.

Coinage: — copies coin-types of

iElfred, xl. ; coins of, xli., xlvi.

;

moueyers chiefly Franks, slii., xliv.

;

coins of, in Cuerdale Hoard, xlvii.

Guthorm Eirikssou, k. of East Anglia,

treaties with Eadweard I., 1., liii.

GuT^rcd-Cnut, k. of Northumbria, coin-

ly|K'8 as .Eilr..rs. \1.. xlii : d( ath,

xlviii.

Gu{5rura. See Guthorm (JEtheUtan).

Gyda, wife of Harald Fairhair, her

tftiuit, XXX., xxxi.

(iyda, ni.Hter of Cnut, Ixxxvi..

Hafirsfjord, battle of, xxxi. n.

Ilakon, bon of HaraM, godson of iEthcl-

stan, Ixi. ; k. of Norway, Ixvi.

Hakon, Earl, attempted conversion of,

xliv., Ixxiv. ; and Harald, k. of Den-

mark, ixxiv. ; expelled from Norway,

ih.

Hakon Eriksson, Earl, coins of, Ixxxii.

;

made earl of Norway, Ixxxvi

Halfdan, Viking king, defeated at

Ashdown, xxxii. ; dejwses Burgred

of Mercia, &c., xxxiii. ; takes London,

xxxiv. ; coin with Loudon mono-

gram, xxxiv., xxxvii.-xxxix. ; king

of Northumbria, xxxiv.

Hamtune (Southampton), mint of and

edict of Greatley, cix. ; notice of

mint, cxv.

Harald Harfagr (Fairhair), k. of Nor-

way, marriage and succession, xxv.

;i. : reproached by Gyda, xxx, xxxi.

;

and the Vikings of the West, xxxi.

;

hi.-5 relations with ..Ethelstau, Ixi.

Harald, Earl, killed at Ashdown,

xxxii.

Harald Blaatand, k. of Denmark,

his attempted conversion of Earl

Hakon, xliv., Ixxiv. ; conversion of,

Ixxiv.

Harald Hardratla, claims throne of

Norway, xciv. : and of England

xcv. ; assists Tostig. ib. ; liis invasion

of England and death, xcvi.

Harold I., accession, Ixxxvii. ; murder

of Alfred, the iEtheling, ib. : his

character, Ixxxviii.

I.—GENERAL INDEX. 485

Coiimge :— coin-types, order of,

xcii. ; list of moneycrs, 302 ; coiii-

tyi^es, 304; coins of, 307-319 (un-

certain mints, 319).

Harold II., his influence under Ed-

Avard the Conf., xciv. ; accession,

lb. ; rebellion of the Earls, xciv. ;

opposes Tostig, ib. ; the rival claim-

ants, xcv. ; battles of Stamford

Bridge and Hastings, xcvi. ; death,

ib.

Coinage :—type of coins, xcvii.

;

list of moneycrs, 4G0 ; coin-types,

461 ; coins of, 40 1-474 (uncertain

mints, 474).

Hurthacnut, obtains crown of Denmark,

Ixxxvi. ; liis riglit to English throne,

Ixxxvii. ; character, Ixxxviii. ; war

with Magnus of Denmark, ih.;

accession, ib. ; levy of danegeld, ib.;

death, ib.

Coinage :—types of coins, xcii.

;

list of moneycrs, 320 ; coin-types,

321 ; coins of, 325-328.

Hasting, the Viking, takes Exeter,

xxxviii.

Hastings, battle of, xcvi. ; mint of and

edict of Greatley, cix.

Helmet, pointed, on coins of Ciuit,

Ixxxix., xci., cvii.

Hengstone (Hengestdune), battle of,

xxii.

Henry the Fowler, Emperor, his

liberality to the Church, Ixxxv.

Heptarehic Kingdoms, xi. ; struggles

of, terminated, xiii.

Hereford, new dies for coins, how

snp|>licd to, civ. n.

Hertford, burg built by Eadwcard I.,

li., lii.

Hincmar, Abp. of Rlicims, marriage of

^Ihelwulf to Judith, xxv.

Hoards of English coins, found in

Scandinavia, Ixxxi. ; see also under

Cuerdalc, Delgaiiy, and Skye.

Holme, battle of, xlix.

Horndon, mint of, notice, cxv.

Howel, k. of N. Wales, joins coalition

against ^thelstan, Ix. ; receives

assistance from Eadgar, Ixix. ; rows

Eadgar on the Dee, Ixx.

Hugh the Great, duke of France,

marriage to Eadhild, dau. of Ead-

weurd I., Ixi.

Hugo, Count, betrays Exeter to Svend,

Ixxvii.

Hunt, Mr. William, on the Huscarls

and the Comitatus, Ixxxiv. n.

Huntingdon, burg built by Eadweard

I., lii.

Huscarls, their origin and duties,

Ixxxiv. ; massacre of, at Worcester,

Ixxxviii.

Iceland, conversion of, to Cln-istiauity,

Ixxv.

Imitation of coins by Vikings, of

iEifred, xxxiii., xli., xlii., xlvi. ; of

St. Eadmund, Abp. Plcgmund, &c.,

xlii., xlvi., xlvii.

Ine, k. of Wcssex, laws of, relating to

fiuL'S, xviii.

Inheritance, law of, among Scandi-

navian,*, its eflect on succession to

English throne, Ixxxvi.

Inscriptions, nature of, on reverses of

coins, cv.

Ipswich attacked by Vikingn, Ixxiii.

Ireland, invasion of, by Vikings, xxi.,

xxiii. ; Vikings establish kingdom

there, xxii., xxiii.; English coins

brought by Vikings to, xlvi.

Irish coinage, when initiated, xlvi.

486 I.—QENKUAL INDEX.

IhIo (if Muii iittiK k((l I'}' ^T-^ilulrid IF.,

Ixxv.

I«Io «f Wi^lit uttuckfd by Danes,

Ixxv. ; BotlleiiiLnt of, in, Ixxviii.

Ivor, llmiho of, coind of, btruek in

Northuinbriu, Ixvi.

J.

Jacob (.lapn?), k. of North Wales,

rows Eadgar on the Dec, Ixx.

Jago, chiim to the throne of Wales, Ixis.

Jedburgh. See Geotaburh.

Juchill, k. of Westmoreland, rows Eud-

giir on the Dec, Ixx.

Judith, dau. of Charles the Bald,

marriage to iEtliclwulf, xxv. ; to

.ffithclbald, xxvii. ; to Baldwin,

Couut of Flanders, xxviii.

Jumieges, Robert of, Abp. of Canter-

bury, his influence, xciii.

Justin, tho Viking, attacks Ipswich,

Ixxiii.

E.

Korolus-monogram of Charlemagne

copied by Ecgbeorht, xx., xc.

Kenneth, k. of Scotland, rows Eadgar

on the Dec, Ixx.

Kent, under kings of Wessex, xvi. ; a

Bi parate kingdom, ib. ; ravaged by

Vikings, xxiii., xxxviii. ; kingdom of,

united with Wessex, xxxvi.

> Coinage :—types of coins imitated

by Ecgbeorht, xix. ; predominant in

the south till death of ^thelbuld,

xviii. ; uuder-kings of, strike no

coins, xxvi.

Kent, kings of, their relation to Mercia,

xiii.

King, meaning of title of, among Vik-

ings, XXX., xlvii., n.

L.

Laws relating to coinage of Ino and

Wessex, xviii. ; of iEtiielstan, eviii.

Leicibter, Viking raids from, liii.

Leicester and Cheater, coins of, Iv. n.

Leofa murders Eadmuud at Pueklc-

church, IxT.

Lcth-Cuind, or Conn's Half of Ireland,

invaded by Vikings, xxii.

LcwcH, mint of, and edict of Greatley,

cix.

Lincoln, monogram of, on coins of

iElfied, xxxix. See also Index of

Types.

Liiieoliisliirc ravaged by Vikings, xxiii.

Lindsay jduudercd by the Danes,

Ixxiii.

Llandaif, Bp. of, taken prisoner by

Vikings, liv.

Loudon plundered l>y Vikings, xxiii.

;

by Korik the Dane, xxiv. ; taken by

Halfdan, xxxiv. ; rebuilt by Alfred,

xxxvii., xxxix. ; burnt by Vikings,

Ixxii. ; relieved by Eadmund Iron-

side, Ixxx. ; heavily taxed by Cnut,

Ixxxiii.

Coinage :—monogram of, on coin

of Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxvii.-xxxix.

;

on coins of Alfred, xxxiv., xxxvii.,

xxxix. : mint cf, and edict of

Greatley, cix.

Louis, k. of Provtuce, marriage to

Ealgifu, sister of Eadweard I., Ixi.

Louis d'Outremer, k. of West Franks,

Ixi.

Louis the Pious, '• Xristiana Eeligio"

type on coins of, 27, n.

Lowiek, mint of, notice, cxvi.

Ludiciin, k. of Mercia, death, xv.

Luffwiik. See Lowiek.

Lymnc, mint of, notice, cxvi.

I.—GENERAL INDEX. 487

M.Maccus, k. of Man, aasists Jago in

Wiiles, Ixix., Ixxii. : bis allegiance

to Eadgar, Ixix. ; rows Eadgar on

the Dee, Ixx.

Magnus Maxiinus, type of solidua imi-

tated by Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii.;

and by Alfred and Ccolwulf II. of

Mercia, xxxviii.

Magnus the Onod, k. of Norway, &c., ac-

cession, Ixxxviii. ; his compact with

Harthacnut, ih. ; claims throne of

Denmark, xcii. ; divides kingdom

with Harald Hardrada, xciv. ; death,

ib. ; claims English throne, ib.

Malcolm receives Cumberland from

Eadgar, Ixx.; rows Eadgar on tiie

Dee, ib.

Maldon, burg built by Eadweard I., Hi.

;

battle of, Ixxiii. ; mint of, notice,

cxvi.

Malmesbury, mint of, notice, cxvii.

Manclitstor, burg built by Eadweard I.,

lii.

Matilda, wife of William I., her de-

scent from Judith, wife of Baldwin,

Ct. of Flanders, xxviii.

Mercia. its iire-emiuence under Offa,

xiii. ; invabion of Wessex by, xiv.;

its po.>ition after battle of EUandune,

xvi. ; attacked by Vikings, xxxii.

;

incorporated into Wessex, xxxvi.,

xxsvii., 1., 11.; separated from Wessex,

Ixix. ; Eadgar, king of, ib. ; an earl-

dom, Ixxxvi.; rivalry of, xciv.

Coinage :—coins of, struck in

Kent, xvii. ; moneyers of, Kentish,

ib. ; coin-types copied by Ecgbcorht,

xix.

Mercia, Western, supremacy of Wessex

over, xxxvi., xxxvii.

Mercia and Northumbria, rivalry of,

xiii.

Mercia and Wessex, rivalry of, xiii.

Merovingian coins, their types copied

on English coins, cxxii., cxxiii.

Mints, classification of coins of Wessex

witli mint names, xxvi. ; increase of,

in reign of Eadgar, Ixx.; of .Sthelstan

mark conquests of Eadweard I., Ixii.

;

names of, earliest forms, cv. ; mint

placis, «S:c., cviii.-cxxi. (growth of,

cviii.-cx. ; laws of iEthelstan relating

to, cviii. ; Sjnaod of Greatley, ib. ;

right of coinage granted to religious

hou.ses, cix. ; difficulties of identifica-

tion, ex. ; a source of revenue, t6.

;

uncertain and new mints, notices of,

cxi.-cxx.) ; historical importance of,

cxxiii. See also Index of Mints.

Mints, notices of, &c. : Aslidown, cxi. ;

Bath, xl, xli. ; Bedwin, cxi. ; Brew-

ton, ib- ; Bridgnorth, cxii. ; Cadbury,

cxii.; Canterbury, cix.; Castle Rising,

cxii. ; Chester, li. Iv. n., Ixii. ; Chi-

chester, cix. ; Colchester, ib. ; Cor-

bridge, cxiii. ; Darenth, ib. ; Derby,

Ixii. ; Deriham, cxiii. ; Ddrchester,

cxiii., cxiv. : Dublin, Ixxxiii.; Exeter,

xl., xli.; GeoTaburh, cxiv.; Glou-

cester, xl. ; Hanitune, cix., cxv. ;

Hastings, cix. ; Hereford, civ. «.

;

Horndon, cxv. ; Jedburgh, cxiv ;

Leicester, Iv. u. ; Lewes, cix. ; Lin-

coln, xxxix.; London, xxxiv., xxxvii.

-

xxxix., cix. ; Lowick, cxvi. ; Lymne,

ib. ; Maldon, ib. ; Malmesbury, cxvii.;

Newark, ib. ; Newport, ib. ; North-

ampton, cxv., cxvii. ; Nottingham,

Ixii. ; Otford, cxviii. ; Oxford, xxvii.,

xl. ; Kichborough, cxviii. ; Itoiseng,

xxxix., cxii. ; Shaltcsbury, cix. ; Sid-

bury, cxviii. ; Sidmouth, ib. ; South-

ampton, cix., cxv., cxix.; Tcmpsford^

488 I.—OENEUAL INDKX.

cxix. : ToiibridRo, ih. ; Totlcigh, ih. ;

WunllKinmj,'!!, oix-.f-xix. ;Wnrclmin,

cix. ; Wnrininf;toii, cxx. ; Weliiifs-

ford, ib. ; Wtybri.lge, ih. ; Win-

eliffllor, xl., xli., cix. ; Winchcombe,

cxxi. ; Witham, il>. ; York, Ixii

,

Ixvii., Ixviii.

liloN., MoNETA (Moncta or Moik-

arius?), cv.

Moniyerg, names of, not in National

G)lIuction, xii. ; of Ecgbcorht, of

Kcntieli origin, xvii. ; of Vikings,

their niixtil nationality, xxix. ; con-

fusion nnd varieties of namesof, xlii.-

xliv. ; Scandinavian, Prankish and

English, xliii.-xlvi. ; of York and

Northunibria under iErhelslan, Ead-

mund, &c., Ixvii. ; whether local,

Ixvii. ; of Bedford under Eadwig,

Eadred, &c., Ixix. ; their status,

xcviiL, ciii., civ., cxi. ; blundered

names of, xcviii.-cii. ; early names

of English etymology, cii. ; rarity

of Latin and biblical names, ciii.

;

chiefly Frankish and Scandinavian

on Viking coinages, ciii. ; punish-

ment of, civ. ; whether itinerary, cv.

;

names of, in possessive case, cvi. ;

not engravers of dies, ex.

Monkwcarmouth, wreck of Vikings at,

xxi.

Monogram types, of Ecgbcorht, their

origin, xx. ; of Canterbury on coins

of Ecgbcorht, tb. ; of ' Doribi ' and

* Cant ' on coins of .^thelwulf,

xxvi. ; of mints, inaugurated, xxvii.,

xxxix. ; a Frankish device, xxxix.,

xc. ; of London, xxxiv., xxxvii.,

xxxix. ; of Lincoln, xxxix. ; of

• Koiseng, ib.

Montagu, Mr. H., on coins of Chester

and Leicester, Iv. n. ; on Castle-

Rising mint, cxii ; coinof .^thclwulf

belonging to, 12 ; of iEtlielbald, 21

;

of A'AUli], 'M ; of I'ladwenrd IL,

l'.»2; of Ilaroli I., 30(;.

Morkcrc, earl of Northunibria, rivalry

with Toatig, xciv.

Murchison Collection, coin of Ecg-

bcorht in, 5 ; of .Alfred, 35, n.

M—X on coins of iElfrcd, 57.

N.Newark, mint of, notice, cxvii.

Newport, mint of, notice, cxvii.

Norman coinage in England unin-

fluenced by that of Nonuandy,

xciii.

Norman influence during reign of

Edward the Confessor, xciii. ; little

or no trace of, on coinage, cxxv.

Norman, Viking, and Danish inva-

sions contrasted, xxviii., xxix.

Normandy, invasion of, by ^thcl-

red II., Ixxvi.

Norse invasion of Ireland, xxiii.

;

coinage, initiation of, xlvi.

Northampton, Viking ' army ' of, xxx.

;

Viking raids from, liii. ; submission

of Vikings of, liv. : attacked by Olaf

Quaran, Ixiv.

Northampton, mint of (?), cxv. iSee

Hamtune.

Northumbria, submission of, to Ecg-

bcorht, XV.; attacked by Vikings,

xxxii. ; foundation of Viking king-

dom in, xxxiv. : accession of uEthel-

wald, son of .^thclred I., xlviii.

;

accession of Olaf Quaran, Ixiii.

;

division of, between Olaf Quaran

and Olaf Godfredsson, Ixiv. : later

earls of, Ixv. ; counuered by Ead-

muud and divided with Malcolm of

Scotland, ib. ; its allegiance to Ead-

red, and revolt, Ixvi. ; accession of

I.—GENERAL INDEX. 489

Erik B16:!ox, ib. ; rule of Eadmund

and Eiidred in, Ixvi., Ixviii. ; united

to England, Ixviii. ; an earldom,

Ixxxvi. ; rivalry of, xciv.

Coinage :—continued after sub-

mission to Ecgbeorbt, xv. ; coins of,

in Cuerdale board, xli., xlvii. ; a

Viking coinage, xlii.; coins of, during

reigns of Eadmuud and Eadred,

Ixvi.

Nortbumbria and Mcrcia, rivalry of,

xiii.

Norway, conversion of, to Cbiistianity,

Ixxv.;

partiticn of, after deatli of

Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvii. ; early

coin-typeB copied from Englisb,

Ixxxii.

Norwieb burnt by Svend, Isxvii.

Nuttingbam, siege of, by iEtbelrcd I.

and iElfred, xxxii. ; burg, built by

Eadweard I., lii. ; coins of Jitbel-

stan struck at, Ixii.

o.

OCCIDENTALIVM^ SaXONIORVM OU COiuS

of iEtbelwulf, 10.

Ockley, battle of, xxiv.

Odo, Abp. of Canterbury, treaty be-

tween Eadmund and Olaf Quaran,

Ixiv.

Offa, introduction of penny coinage

into England, xiii., cxxii.

'Offering ronnics ' of iElfrcd, xl.,

xli., 55.

Olaf, k. of Sweden, joins coalition

against Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvi.

;

assists Cnut, Ixxix. ; his coinage,

Ixxxii.

Olaf CJodfredsson, k. of Nortbumbria,

battle of Brunanburg, Ixiii. ; divides

Nortbumbria witb Olaf Quaran,

Ixiv. ; bis deatb, ih.

Olaf Haraldsson (St. Okf) conveys

^thelred II. to England, Ixxix.

jOlaf Quaran, k. of Nortbumbria,

marriage, Ixiii. ; battle of Brunan-

burg, ib. ; made k. of Nortbumbria,

ib. ; attack on Northampton and

Tamworth, Ixiv. ; peace with Ead-

mund and baptism, ib. ; divides

Nortbumbria witb Olaf Godfredsson,

ib. ; driven from kingdom, Ixv. ; re-

stored to his throne, Ixvi.; bis

moneyers, Ixvii.

Olaf Skutkonung, k. of Sweden, his

assistance to Cnut, Ixxix. ; institutes

coinage in Sweden, Ixxxii.

Olaf Tryggvason, k. of Norway, Ixiii.

;

attacks Ipswich, Ixxiii. ; converted

to Christianity, Ixxiv. ; accession, ib. ;

death, Ixxvii.

Orsxaforda on -coins of iElfred,

xxvii., xl., 50.

Otford. mint of, cix. ; notice of, cxviii.

Otto I., Emperor, marriage to Eadgith,

sister of Eadweard I., Ixi.

Owen, k. of Cumberland, attacks

jEthelstan, Ixiii. ; battle of Brunan-

burg, ib.

Oxford, coins of, struck by Alfred,

xxxvii., xl., 50; meeting of Witenagc-

mot at, Ixxxiv., Ixxxv.

P.

Pacx on coins of Cnut, Ixxxv. ; of

Edward the Conf., xcvii.

Tadstow harried by Vikings, Ixxii.

Paris, siege of, and defeat of Vikings,

xlix.

Pen Solwood, battle of, Ixxx.

Penny, origin and introduction of,

xiii., cxxii.

Pied-forts of .El frod, xl., xli., ").

490 I.—GENERAL INDEX.

riffanl, Mr. E. J. O., coin of Ecgboorht

btlon^jiiiK' to, H.

ritn'8, Kilict of, and the Karoltis-

nionn^mni typo, xx. n.

Plopmund, Ahp. of Cnntcrbiiry, coin-

typoa as iElfred's, xl. : Viking,' imita-

tions of coins of, xlii., xlvi.

rortniitiiro on Enf^lish coins, cvii.

rortsmnntli, victory of Vikings nt,

xxiii.

Prrotorian gate?, type of, on English

coins, 86.

rriniogeniture and succession among

Teutons, XXV.

Providence, hand of, on coins of

Eadwear<l I., Ivi. n. ; as a coin-type,

cvii.

Pucklechurch, nnirdcr of Eadmund at,

Ixv.

R.

Ragnald or Rognald, k. of Northum-

bria, betrotliod to .^Ifwyn, dau. of

.Sthelfla3d, li. n., lix. : accession, lix.

Ragnhiid, marriage to Harald Hsirfagr,

XXV. 71.

Reading, encampment of Vikings at,

and flight of Ilidfdan to, xxxii.

Regnald, son of Godfred, k. of North-

umbria, Ixiv. ; driven out by Ead-

mund, Ixv.

Religious divisions in England and

Scandinavia, Ixxiv.

Religious houses receive right of coin-

ago, cix.

Rex Saxonvm on coins of .lElfred and

Eadwcard I., xix. n., xl., 1.

*Rex totius Britanniit)' on coins of

.^thclstau, Ixi., Ixii.

Ricliborough, mitit of, notice, cxviii.

Ripon Cathedral burnt by Eadred,

Ixvi.

Robert of Jumieges, Abp. of Canter-

bury, his influence, xciii.

liochester plundered by Vikings, xxiii.

Roiscng, monogram of, on wjin of

iElfred, xxxix.

lloiseiig, mint of. See Castle Rising.

Rorik, the Dane, attacks Canterbury

and London, xxiii., xxiv.

Runcorn, burg built by ^Ethelflasd, li.,

Hi.

St. Andrew, coinage of, 7.

St. Brice, massacre of, Ixxvi., Ixxvii.

St. Clair-en-Epte, treaty of, Ivii.

St. Eadmund coinage, imitated by

.Alfred, xl. ; date of, xli., xliv.

;

struck by Vikings, xlii., xlvi., xlvii.;

moneycrs, names on, xliii. ; coins of,

38, 59.

Sandwich attacked by Danes, Ixxviii.

Saxoniorvm on coins of Ecgbeorht,

xix.

Scandinavia, coinages of, when initi-

ated, xlvi. ; early, imitated from

English, Ixxxii., cxxiii., cxxiv. ; from

Frankish, cxxiii. ; extent of circula-

tion, cxxv.

Scandinavia, greater, kingdoms of, in

the 10th cent., Ivii., Iviii.

Scandinavian moneyers, names of, on

coins, xliii.-xlvi.

Sceattas, coinage of, extent of cir-

culation, cxxii. ; tj^es derived from

Merovingian coin.«, cxxiii.

Scergeat, burg built by .^thelflsed,

li., lii.

'Seven Burgs,' liv. See also under

' Burgs, Five.'

Shaftesbury, mint of, and ediit of

Greatley, cix.

Sheppey, island of, attacked by

Vikings, xxii.

-GENERAL INDEX. 491

Shoiston, battle of, Ixsx.

Sidbury, mint of, cix. ; notice of,

cxviii.

Sidmoutb, mint of, notice, cxviii.

Siefer* or Sitfred, k. of Wales, rows

Eadgar on the Dee, Ixx.

Siefred, k. of Nortlumibria, assists

Hasting, the Viking, xxxviii. ; coin-

type as .Alfred's, xl. ; coins of, in

Cuerdale hoard, xlvii.

Sigvahl, the Viking, betrays Olaf

Tr\ g^vason, Ixxvi.

Sihtric the Elder, Earl, killed at Ash-

down, xxxii.

Sihtric the Younger, Earl, killed at

Ashdown, xxxii.

Sihtiic Gale, k. of Northumbria, war

with iEtlulstan and death, Ix.

Skye, hoard of coins found in, cix.,

cxx.

Solidus, a money of account in AVest-

Saxon laws, xviii. ; typo of, on coin

of Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii.; and on

coin of .Alfred, xxxviii., 34.

Southampton, defeat of Vikings at,

xxiii. ; attacked by Vikings, Ixxii.

;

mint fif, and edict of Greatlcy, cix.

Southiiinplon, mint of. See Hamtuuc.

Spink and Sons, Messrs., coin of

-^tlielbald belonging to, 21 n.

Stafford, burg built by .^Ethelflscd,

li., lii.

Stamford, burg built by Eadwciird I.,lii.

Stamford Bridge, battle of, xcvi.

Stcenstrup, his list of burgs founded

by iEtlulflred and Eadweard I , lii.

Stockholm Museum, its series of Anglo-

Saxon coins, xii , Ixxxi,

Stycas, coinage of, cxxii.

Surrey, under supremacy of Wcssex,

after battle of Ellandnnc, xvi.

Sussex, under supremacy of Wetscx,

after battle of Ellandunc, xvi.

Svend, k. of Denmark, invasion of

England, xxix. ; attacks Bam-

borough, Ixxiii. ; opposition to

Ciiristianity, Ixxiv. ; invasions of

Germany, Ixxv. ; joins coalition

against Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvi. ;

receives part of Norwaj', Ixxvii. ;

revenges massacre of St. Brice, ih. ;

besieges Exeter, Norwich, &c.,

Ixxvii., Ixxviii. ; conquest of Eng-

land and death, Ixxix. ; his coinage,

Ixxxii.

Svend, son of Cnut, k. of Norway,

Ixxxvi., Ixxxvii.

Svend Estrid's ton, claims throne of

Denmark, Ixxxviii. ; offer of English

crown to, xcii.

Svold, battle of, Ixxvi.

Sweden, coinage of, imitations of coins

of Dorstat, xlvi. ; date of first coin-

age, ih. ; coin-types copied from

Enjrlish, Ixxxii.

T.

Tamwoith, burg built by .^thelflsed,

li., lii. ; besieged by Olaf Quaran,

Ixiv.

Taxes, forced levies of, Ixxviii., Ixxxiii.,

Ixxxviii.

Temple type, its Carolingian origin, xc.

Temj)sford, built by Vikings, liv. ;

taken by Eadweard I., ih. ; mint of,

notice, cxix.

Tettenhall, battle of, liii.

Tiianet, winter quarters of Vikings at,

xxviii. ; attacked by Vikings, Ixxii.

Thelwall, burg built by Eadweard I.,

lii.

Thctford, burnt by Svcud, k. of Dcn-

nuvrk, Ixxvii.

402 I.—GENERAL INDEX.

Tliorpitil. tlio Vikinp, liiu inviiMion of

Ircliiiid, xxi., xxii.

Thurkill, Kiirl of KhhI Anglia, Ixxxvi.

TonhritlKP, uiint of, notice, rxix.

Totttig, Kurl of Northumbria, bis

rivalry witli Eiirls Morkcro and

Eadwino, xciv. ; iMiniBlimcnt of, ib.

;

BCeke aid from William of Normandy

and Iliirald of Norway, xcv. ; battle

of Stamford Bridge and death, xcvi.

Totleigh, mint of, notice, cxix.

Towccstcr, burg built by Eadwcard I.,

lii.

Turfcri5, his unsuccessful invasion of

Northumbria, Ix.

Turgesius. See Thorgisl.

Types of coins, not in the National

Colleotioii, xii. ; of Ecgbeorht, de-

rived from Mercia, Kent, Canter-

bury and Charlemagne, xix., xx.,

xc. ; London monogram coins of

Halfdan and iElfrcd, xxxiv.,

xxxvii.-xxxix. ; monogram types of

Alfred, xxxix. ; of Wessex, prin-

ciple of classification, xxvi. ; of

iElfrcd with mint names, xl., xli.

;

Viking imitations of types of iElfrcd,

&c., xUii., xlv. ; hand of Providence,

buildings, &c., on coins of Eadweard

I., Ivi., cvii. ; Scandinavian coin-

types copied from ^Ethelred II.'s,

Ixxxii. ; Agnus Dei and Dove types

of iEthelrcd II., (7>. ; PACS, its refer-

ence, Ixxxv. ; double-cross type, its

fitcal significance, Ixxxix. ; pointed

helmet and crowned types of Cnut,

Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv. ; monogram(Ecgbeorht) and temple typos, origin

of, xc. ; king holding Danebrog, xcii.

;

Sovereign type of Edward Conf,

xcvii. ; types, their general character

OQ Anglo-Saxon coins, cvi.,-cviii.

(chictly religious, cvii.; hand of

Proviflcnce, buildings, &c., ib. ; busts

on coins, cvii., cviii. ; portraiture,

cvii.).

u.

Ulf, Earl, his rule over Denmark,

Ixxxv. ; his treacliery to Cnut and

death, ib. ; his son, Svend, claims

tiirone of Denmark, Ixxxviii.

Ulfketil, Earl of East Anglia, his

opposition to the Danes, Ixxvi.-

Ixxviii. ; death, Ixxx.

V.

Valentinian I., type of coin of, imitated

by Halfdan, xxiv. ; and by iElfred,

34.

Verberie, marriage of ^thelwulf at,

XXV.

Viking, etymology of, Iviii. n.

Viking Ages, First and Sicond, con-

trasted, Ivi.-lviii., Ixxii. ; First Vik-

ing Age, states created .by, Ivii.

;

Second Viking Age, warnings of,

Ixxii.

Viking and Danish invasions distin-

guished, xxxi.

Viking, Danish, and Norman invasions

contrasted, xxviii., xxix.

Vikings, first invasions of, xxi. ; attack

Lindisfame, xxi. ; invade Ireland,

xxi., xxii. ; attack Island of Sheppey,

xxii. ; and Charmouth, {b. ; defeated

by Ecgbeorht at ' Hengistdune,'

ib. ; defeated at Southampton, xxiii.

;

victorious at Portsmouth, in Lin-

colnshire, East Anglia and Kent,

ib.;plunder London and Rochester,

ib. ; raids in France and Germany,

»7). ; attack Canterbury, ib.; and

-GENERAL INDEX. 493

London, xxiv. ; defeated by Beorlit-

wulf, k. of Mercia, ib. ; their first

settlument in Kent, ib. ; defeat ^tbel-

bald at Ockley, ib.; raids on Win-

cliester, &c., during rtiga of iEthel-

beariit, xxviii. ; winter in Tlianet,

and settle in East Anglia, ih. ; their

' armies,' laws and constitution of,

xxix., XXX. ; take York, xxxi.,

xxxii. ; invade Mercia, xxxii.; en-

camp at Heading, defeated at Ash-

down, ib. ; defend Nottingham, ib. ;

invade North uinbria, Mercia and

East Anglia, ib.; defeat Alfred

at Wilton, xxxiii. ; take London,

xxxiv. ; Settle in Nurthumbria, ib. ;

land in Kent and defeated by Alfred,

xxxvii. ; capture Exeter, xxxviii.

;

defeated at Buttingtou, ib. ; defeated

at Holme, xlix. ; at Paris, ib. ; settle

in Normaud}', ib. ; defeated in

Germany, //*. ; defeat at Ttttenhall,

liii. ; raids and ilcfeat of, in a.d. 914,

ib.; division of terri lories in England

and forms of government, liii., liv.,

Iv. ; raid on Wales a.d. 915, liv.

;

defeat of, ib. ; build Tempsford, ib.

;

march on Bedford, ib. ; submission

to Eadweard I., ib. ; invasions, eras

of, contrasted, (First and Second

Viking Ages) Ivi.-lviii., Ixxii. ; First

Viking Ago, statesof, Ivii. ; kingdoms

of, extent in England in 10th cent,

lix., Ix. ; cessation of raids, Ixviii.

;

I'irst and Second Viking Ages, re-

semblance of, Ixxii. : renewal of

altackn under j'Ktiiclred IL (Second

Viking Age) Ixxii.-Ixxx. See also

und'r Danish invasions of England.

Vikings, Coinage :—imitations of coins

of iElfrcd, xxxiii., xl., xli., xlii.,

xlvi. ; of coins of the Franks, xxxix.

;

of St. Eadinund ami riegmund, Abp.

of Canterbury, xlii., xlvi., xlvii.

;

during reign of uElfred, xlvi. ; estab-

lished under Guthorm (iEthelstan),

xlvii.

w.Wales attacked by Ecgbeorht, xiv.

;

by Vikings, xxi., liv., Ixxii. ; allegi-

ance of Howel, king of, Ixix.

Wardborough, burg built by JEthel-

fla;d, li. n. ; coin of, in Skye Find,

cix., cxx. ; mint of, notice, cxix.

Wareham, taken by Guthorm, xxxv.

;

mint of, and edict of Greatley, cix.

Warmington, mint of, notice, cxx.

Warwick, burg built by iEthelflaid,

li., lii.

Watchet ravaged by Vikings, Ixxii.

Waymere, burg built by Eadweard L,

lii.

Wedensborougli (Wardborough ?), burg

built by ^tiielflred, li., lii.

Wedmore, baptism of Guthorm at,

xxxv. ; Peace of, xxxv., xliv., Ixxx.

;

coins issued subsequent to Peace of

Wedmore, xli.

Weland, Viking chief, plunders Win-

chester, xxviii. ; his defeat, ib. •

Welmesford, mint of, cix. ; notice of,

cxx.

Wessex, invaded by Mercia, xiv. ;

supremacy of, xiv., xvi. ; absorbs

Kent and Western Mercin, xxxvi. ;

extent of, under Eadweard I. and

his Suns, Ixviii. ; an earldom, Ixxxvi.

;

rivalry of, xciv.

Coinage : — its extent, xi., xii.

;

when lirst Lssutd, xii. ; first coinngo

of, XV., xix., XX. ; its origin, xvi.,

xvii.; primarily Kentish, xvii. ; no

native currency before Ecgbeorht,

xviii. ; laws of, and payments I'y

kind, i7>. ; types of Ecgbeorlifa

404 I.—OKNi:UAI. INDKX.

WVhwx coiim, xix. ; clnHHiflrntion of

early coins of, xxvi. ; Frniikinh ntid

Scaiulitiaviun mnneyirs of, xlv. ;

mipromncy i»f, HOiitli of tlic Iluiiibcr,

cxxii. ; kiii^jdom of, ooinR, 1-102.

VVoswcx iiiid IMiroiii, rivalry of, xiii.

Wtvst-Snxoii Kiiii^iloni, extent of, under

.^thtdHtan, lix.

Western Mercift, supremacy of Wcssex

over, xxxvi., xxxvii.

Wcylirid^re, mint of, notice, cxx.

\Vhite, Mr. John, coin of iEthclliald,

21 II.

Willctt, Mr. Ernest, his statistics on

moneyers of Edward the Confessor,

ev. n.

William, Duke of Normandy, claims

English throne, xcv. ; assists Tostig,

ih. ; invades England and battle of

Hastings, xcvi.

Wilton, battle of, xxxiii.

Wimborne, retreat to, of iEthelwald,

son of iEthelred I., xlviii.

Winchcombc, mint of, notice, cxxi.

"Winchester plundered by Weland,

the Viking, xxviii. ; coins of, struck

by iElfred, xl., xli. ; mint of, and

edict of Grcatley, cix.

Witham, burg built by Eadweard I.

li., lii., liii. ; mint of, cix. ; notice of,

cxxi.

Worcester, its refusal to pay danegeld,

and massacre of hu-scarln, Ixxxviii.

;

new flies for coins supplied to, civ. n.,

ex.

Wulfhrard, Earl, defeats Baldrcd, k.

of Kent, xix.

Wulfstan, Abp. of York, joins Olaf

Quaran and attacks Eadinund, Ixiv.

;

his escape, ih. ; allegiance to Eadred,

Ixvi.

Xristiaxa Religio coin-typo of Char-

lemagne, 27 n.

York taken by Yikings, xxxi., xxxii.

Coinage :—coins of JEthelstan

btruck at, Ixii., Ixviii. ; moneyers

and coins of, under ^thelstan, Ead-

mund and Eadred, Ixvii , Ixviii.

York, kingdom of, added to West-

Saxon Kingdom, Ix.

( ^05 )

11.—INDEX OF MONEYEES.

*^* The numhers priuted in italics in the accompanying list correspond to the

names in italics in the lists of moneycrs under each king. Tliey are of moueyera

not represented in the Museum Collection.

I'.m; II.— INUKX OF jMONEYEIIH.

.'Kll.rU.l, ^l.i, m-J.

A:i.lf.-lin ..r /i:if.lm, 197, 213. 2^1,

'ins.

JV.\ctt\ HO-J.

i^:i«ric, 320, 325. tke nUo Mv\x\ii and

vKlfrio.

i-T^lowip. >Vc ^]lfwig.

ililewinp, 197, 221, 400. See aho

Elowine.

.i:!fcttcl, 197.

i-lllfinh, 197. See iElfhcah.

MUego, 24S.

M\ich or ^Ifcn, 243, 298, 329, 427.

iElfclm, 197, 243, 2.^)7, 258. See also

^El.lfclni.

.Elforc, iElfhcre, or Elfere, 243, 302,

310, 329, 301.

iElfer«, 243.

iElffeh, 320.

JE\ffvi, 329, 398.

iElfgwt, ^Ifgoat, ^Ifgtt, or Elfget,

197, 199, 243, 329, 396, 4 GO, 467.

.^Ifgar, Alfgar, &c,, 163, 175, 197, 208,

225, 243, 283, 294, 302, 329, 389,

40.3, 458.

iElfgcd, 197. See iElfgjct.

iElfheah, /Elfheh, or ^Ifcah, 197,

243.

^Iflicrc, 329, 361. See aho Elfere.

iElfino, 302. See .Elfwiiic.

JElfinirr, 197.

JFAhnvTc, 329.

J?M\\of>, JEluo*, Elfno», &c., 101, 163,

174, 197, 213, 214, 220, 221, 223,

226, 235, 243, 276, 278, 279, 302,

313, 3->0, 329, 391, 304, 395, 460.

.ElfriHl or Elfntl, 101, 102, 114, 122,

142, 147. 156, 160, 163, 185, 197,

243, 287, 292, 297, 302, 308, 320,

329, 331, 344, 345, 397, 398, 403,

406, 409, 412, 414. 457.

jElfric, Alfrio, or Elfrir, 101. 102. 106,

72:?, 1!>7, 200. 219. 231. 2;W, 2-13.

250, 261, 283, 294, 297, 302,

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS, 497

243, 259, 261, 262, 267, 270, 273,

276, 282, 285, 290, 294, 295, 296,

297, 299, 302, 311, 312, 317, 318,

320, 328, 329, 343, 348, 349, 350,

359, 361, 362, 372. 374, 375, 379,

380, 382, 399, 403, 406, 409, 414,

420, 421, 433, 440, 441, 443, 444,

440, 448, 450, 451, 452, 456, 457,

460, 462, 465, 473.

^Ifwine Mus, 243.

ffilfwinig, 122.

ffilfwold, 197, 240, 243, !M4, 302, 315,

329, 442, 460, 472. See also MU-wald.

/Elfwoud, 329, 399.

iElfworci, 409. See iElfward.

M\gsciT, 400, 468.

-Elgolwinc, 243. See .^gclwine.

oilman, 302, 307.

iElmaer, 197, 243, 302, 329.

.ffilmon, 329, 341.

M\nnt, 302. See ^Ifno«.

^lno?>, 329. See JEUno^.

JElrm], Elrffid, &c., 329, 331, 345, 346.

^Iric, 243, 290, 302, 329, 373, 388.

See also JSlfric.

.(Elstan, 243. See iElfstan.

^Ivii, 327. See JEUwig.

Ji:ivion\vii, 320.

.^Iwcard or iElwerd, 243, 409, 412,

425. See also ^Ifweard.

^Iwig, loG, 302, 317, 329, 312, 421.

See also JEUwlg.

iElwinc, 197, 243, 259, 270, 285, 290,

294, 302, 317, 32'>, 329, 348, 399,

409,414. See also .Elimne.

.^nrod, 1.

Mrite, 329, 432.

iEigrcd, 197.

iErigor, 142, 144.

^rngriin, 32(\ 329, 362. See also

Arngrim.

iEruulf, 122, 126. See Arnulf.

jEscman or Escman, 163, 173, 191,

195, 197, 222, 243.

^sctl or ^sctli, 197.

^sculf or iEscuulf, 156, 160, 163, 176.

Jilscwig, 197.

jEscwine, 243.

^stiin, Astan, or Estan, 243, 245, 2.i6,

302, 303, 320, 329, 331, 423, 436,

444, 445, 446, 449.

^stann and Loc, M3, 329, 445.

.^stmajr or Estmajr, 329. See also

Eastmaer.

^tard or .^tardea, 142, 145, 156. See

also Agtard.

^tferS, 163, 176.

.^svulf, 329. See Eawulf.

^Selaf, 32, 54. See also ^?;elulf.

JE Selaver, 163, 191. See also Adelaver.

JESelberlit, 101, 243.

^Selbrand. 163.

.EXelbriht, 243.

^^elfer« or ^thclfreS, 101, 121, 163.

iE^elfred, 83, 87.

.^Selgar or Adelgar, lri6, 103, 170,

197, 239.

iE«elm, 101, 115, 122, 142, 144, 197,

213.

^Selmser or ESelmasr, 197, 221, 232,

243, 278, 279.

yE?;elman, 197, 243.

iE«eliiio(l or A^elmc.d, 101, 121, 122,

140.

.^tSclmund or A^elmund, 101, 122,

120, 142, 145.

iE?;elno« or ESSoIno?, 9, 18, 22, 24,

101, 105, 113, 142, 197, 218, 222,

243, 278.

-<E«c]red, S5, iOi, 163, 173, 191, 195,

243. See also JE^cTvd and E^iclnd.

iESelric or ^ESerio, 122, 197, 209, 237,

243, 256, 276, 288.

iEXclsie or iEScl^igc, 101, 163, 108,

177, 197.

2 K

•11)8 II.

—

indp:x of moneyeus.

/KScUliin, /K^iHlttit, >'K^.''tun, EMcl-

n.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 499

Alward, 320.

fiOO II.— INDEX OF MUNEYER8.

IJ.ir.1.1 ..r Hiinl.I. 101, 112.

Illlrif»•r^, /"/.

Ilcugmiin.l, ;. :». U'>. Il». '22, '2:». AV/'

alto nonlmiund.

Ik-ii(;BUin, 32, fiO.

niMJimmifl, 27, 22, 23. See also Beag-

iiiiind.

B«ihro.I (.r H.iinrcil, S3. 101, 111, 122,

127.

n.ahHtan, 83, 88.

n. iil.lulf, ;.'Js'.

lUanicno, 191, 103.

nainred, 85, 101. See also B. nlircd.

BfRam, 198.

Bil-a or Beige, 101.

Bimeno, Berrucnc, &c., 191.

B.ne.liotus, 122, 127, 103, 177.

Beola. Beolau, BoUa, &c., 191, 19S,

244, 271.

Boomrd, 101, 110.

Bi'orhiio*, BcrhtDaS, ByrlitnoiJ, &c.,

198. 238, 239, 244.

Bwrlitric, 1G3, 184.

Beorlitulf, 101. See also Biorhtiilf.

Beorii, Beornn, or Biom, 244, 267, 302,

330. 439.

Booraeah or Biamcah, 27, 28.

r.t'omorc, 83, 89.

B.oriifor*, 83, 89.

Boornhae, 27, 31.

Btomhart, 1, 8.

Btomlicard, 1, 8.

B urnmjcr or Boommcr, 32, GO, 82.

Bt ornm d, Biommod, &c., 1, 6.

Boornrcd or Biornrcd, 32, 61, 83, 97.

Beorimlf, Biomuulf, or Biornulf, S3,

198.

Bt>oriiuunld, Beornwnid, Bemuuald,

BiunmunM, Byrn vidd, &c., 83, 89,

94.9.5.101, 114,122.

BwrwaM, 122. Sre Bcornwald.

Bcre! aid, 32, 71.

I^ronanl, /.>«, 163.

Borlitclm or Byrhtelm, 101, 113, 122,

127, 19R.

Btrhtcre, 32, 60.

Berlitmffir or Byrhtmsor, 198. See also

BrihtmsBr.

BerlitnaS, 198, 239. See also Btorhno«.

Berhtrcd, 83, 89, 122.

Berhtwig, 122, 127.

Berhtwine or Brelitwine, 198.

Bcriuald, 32, 50.

Bermcne, 191. See Bcmcine.

Bernald, 32, 50. See also Bemuald.

Bernard or Burnard, 101, 142, 145.

Buma«, 122.

Berncre, iOi, 142,146.

Ben.fir«, 142, 146. 16.3, 177.

Bcrngar, 83, 101.

Bernred or Bimred, 32, 61. See also

Bcomred.

Bemsige, 122, 127.

Bemuald or Bimuald, 32, 38, 43, 45,

50,51,53,54,61,80. SeeahoBi&m-

uald and Bumuald.

Bemuuald, 83, 89. Se-e also Boom-

uiiald.

Bese or Besel, 122, 142, 146.

IJianulf (Biarnulf), 122.

Biare«, 32, 38.

Biarmod, 9. See Biarnraod.

Biameah, 27, 28. See also Beomeah.

Biarneard, 101. See Biorocard.

Biarnmod or Biarmod, 9, 22, 23, 27,

28.

BiamnoS, 9, 13, 16.

Biarnred or Biomred, 32, 41, 42, 45,

61, 83, 97.

Biarnuald, 32, 42, 43, 57. See also

Birnuald.

Biamuine, 22, 23.

B arnuulf, 32.

Binrcd, 330, 399.

Biorhiild, S3.

Biorlitrir, KU.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 501

Biorhtulf or Biorhtwulf, 101, 105, 122,

128, 142.

Biorlitwald, 101.

Biorhtwulf, 122, 142.

Biorn, 830, 430. See also Boom.

Biornanl, Biorneard, Biarneanl, or

Byinard, ss, 101, 111, 122. See aho

Birniard.

Biomhclin, S3.

Blommod, 1, 6.

Biomred, 32, 61, 83, 97. See also

Beornred and Biamrod.

Biornulf, 19S. See Beornulf.

Biomuuald, 83, 94, 95. See also

Beornuuald.

Biosel or Bosol, 1, 6.

Birgstan, 1G3, 190.

BirbtferS, 19S.

Biihtsige, Byrhtaigc, &c., 19S.

Birucard, 122, 128. See also Bior-

neard.

Birncd or Birured, 32.

Birniiald, 32, 38, 43, 45, 80. See

also Bernuald, &c.

Birucr, 156, 162.

Blacaman, Blaceman, or Blacman, 19S,

244, 292, 302, 310, 320, 325, 330,

355, 356, 375, 376, 429, 460, 474.

Blacan, .90;;?.

Blaceman, 19S, 244, 292, 330, 375,

376. See also Blacaman.

Blacer, 330, 455.

Blacman, 330, 376, 429. See also

Blacaman.

Blacman, 820.

Blamian, 244.

Blarcnmn, 330, 355, 356.

Blaroro, 330, 455.

Bodric, 330.

Boeg, 122, 128.

Boga, Bogea, Boiga, or Boia, 32, 01,

83,98, 101, 105, 108, 122, 128, 142,

146, 156, 158, 160, 163, 168, 189,

191, 196, 198, 210, 218, 244, 260,

302, 320, 330, 353, 435.

Boigalet, 101, 108.

Boiusulf or Boinulf, 122, 128.

Bella, 244, 271. See also Boola.

Bonsom, 122, 128.

Borstig, 244, 281.

Bosa, 1, 8, 32, 56.

Bosel, 1, 6. See aho Biosel.

Brad, 437. See Brand.

Braintino, 244. See also Brantino.

Bralistan, 244. See Brihstan.

Brand, 244, 330, 378, 436, 437, 445.

Brantinc, 191, 19s, 244.

Breco or Bregc, 83, 89, 97.

Brehstan, 244, 288. See also Brenstan.

Brehtuo«, 244, 297. See also Briht-

no(5.

Brehtwiuc, 198.

Brencd, 42. See also Blarnreil.

Brenstan or Brcbstan, 244, 288.

Brestan, 19^.

Brotocol, 198, 244.

Bricsie. See Bricsige.

Bricsigc, 330, 406.

BricsUin, 244.

Brid or Bridd, 9, 13, 19, 244, 272, :i02,

320, 330, 370, 377, 378.

Brightmasr, 330. See Brihtmaor.

Brihclm, 244.

Brihinc, 330.

Brihfetan, 244.

Briht, H3.

Hrihtfcr« or Brihtfra?*, 163, 191, 192,

214.

Bribtlaf or Byrhtlaf, 198, 218, 22(5,

227, 235.

Brihtmror, Brihttmror, &c., 19s, 244,

283, 285. 302, 314, 330, 397, 3;t.s,

402, 437, 438, 446, 449, 450, 460,

474.

Brihtno», i5S 244, 258, 297, 330, 374,

460.

f.02 II.—IN1>KX OF MONEVEUS.

Brllitrf^l, 211. 2R8, 302, 830, 399, 403,

407, 4*21.', 4r.7.

Urilitric, I^^i^rio, or Ilrylitric, 198,

'Jit, :i()J, 330, 350, 372, 392, 393,

43'), 43t;, 437, 400, 4G4.

Urililtinwr, 302. See Brihlmscr.

IJrilitwcn, 24^1.

llrilitwi, 244, 460.

llrihtwii.o or IJyrhtwino, IDS, 244, 288,

H()2, 3:J0, 409, 418, 430, 437.

Brilitwol.l or liyrtitwold, 163, 198, 240,

244, 281, 330, 445, 400, 409.

Briliwi, 418. See Brihtwine.

Brin, 830.

Brinit, 330.

Brinstnn, 244. See Brunstan.

Brintrcil. See Brilitred.

Brinwold, 330, 421.

J?ritf.T8 or Brilitfer«, 163, 178.

Briuninc, 15t>, 161.

Brixi, 3:50, 442.

Brixoie. See Bricsige.

Bri^nrd, 32, 61.

Bri?ric, 330. See Brilitric.

Bruchysc, 330. See Brunhyse.

Bniinnc, 330.

Brum, 330, 372.

Briuua, 244.

Bruinan, Briuusan, or Brunman, 19S,

244, 281, 285, 287, 302, 330, 343,

344, 372.

Brumiiion ( = Bruiunau), 400, 465.

Bruiniian, 330, 344. See aho Bruman.

Brun, Bninn, or Bruna, 198, 230, 244,

302, 320, 326, 330, 444.

Druncar, 302, 314. See aho Brungar.

Brunctan, 244, 320. See Brunstan.

Bruiiilwinc, 330.

Brum-d, 32,41,42,45.

Bningar, Bryngar, &c., 193, 244, 283,

285, 287, 291, 302, 314, 330, 409,

423.

Brnubyso, 330, 350.

Brnnic, Bruninc, Bruninp, Brunninc,

Bryiiiiic, iScc., 103, 190, 198, 218,

244, 283, 288, 330, 372, 389, 390,

434.

Bruninnn, 244, 285, 287, 802, 330. See

aho BrumfiB.

Brunn. See Brun.

Brunuese, 330, 350. See aho Bninbyse,

Bi unnic, 244. See Bruoic.

Brunninc. See Brunic.

Brannstan. S''e Brunstan.

Brunnusel, 330, 391.

Bmnred, 320.

Brunstan, Bronctan, or Brinstan, 198,

227, 229, 240, 244, 300, 302, 317,

318, 320, 330, 454.

Bruntat, 198, 221, 244.

Brunti«, 19S.

Brunwine, Bruwin, Brynwine, or Bur-

wine, 244, 302, 316, .320, 330, 431,

432,436,437,400,471.

Bruwin, 302. See Brunwine.

Bryhtred, 19S.

Bryhtric, 198. See Brihtric.

Bryhtuald or Bryhtwald, f^3, 101, 121.

Brjngar, 244, 285. See also Bmngar.

Brynia, 244.

Bryninc, 19S, 244, 330, 390. See also

Bruninc.

Brynwine, 5.90. See Brunwine.

Buga, 32, 61, 83, 89, 98.

Bulered, 330. See Bured.

Burdel, 101, 112.

Burden, S3.

Bured or Bulered, 330, 407.

Burcwine, 244, 330, 437, 438.

BurgnoS, 27, 28, 32.

Burgwinc, 400, 471.

Burhstan or Bumstan, 191, 19S.

Burhtelm, 101.

Burhwold or Burwold, 244.

Barnard, 142, 145. See aho Bernard.

Biirncld, 101.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 503

Ilumi'lin, Buruhulm, or Byrnelm, 32,

r>oi II.—INDKX or MONEYEKS.

C«ioln, 330.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 505

Corf, Corff, or Oorrf, 302, 314,

not; II.—INDEX OF MONEYKUS:

Di-orlaf. 1(!3, 171.

Di-orninn or Dlorman, 330, 351, 412,

430, 131.

I)<-orino<l or Dooramod, 83, 99.

Dtornred, 83.

I),<.rnir, Dcorsig, Dcorrtigc, or Dyrsigc,

IVS, 214, 2G7, 273. 3U2, 330. 379.

Deoruhg, 198.

D.orulf or Diorulf, 101, 108, 110, 119,

1 12, 147, 150, 158, 163, 173, 191.

DooruuiilJ or Diuruuald, 83, 90, 101;

122.

Dormon, 330, 430, 431, 460, 470.

Dcrwino, 244.

Diar, 9, 14, 15, 16. 17, 18.

Diarald, 32, 65. See aho Diaruald.

Diurclm, 122, 129.

Diarbelm, 82.

Diarniod, 22, 24.

Diarmund, 32, 58.

Diaruald, 32, 39, 44, 65.

Diarulf, 27, 28.

Diaruuald, 101, 122. See Deoruuald.

Diga, 27, 29.

Dilion, 198, 219.

Diora, S3. See Deora.

Dioreman or Dyrcman, 193.

Dioriuan, 330, 430, 431. See also

Dcorman.

Diormod, 1, 6, 7.

Diorulf, 101, 119. See aho Dcorulf.

Dircman, 330, 400, 412.

Direme, 330, 457.

Dircwinc or Dyrewiae, 19S.

Dirinc or Dyrinc, 830, 344.

Dirsigc. 199.

Doda, Dodda, or Dode, 193, 244, 320.

Dodnic, .330.

Dodnorr>, 163.

Dodrig, 193.

Domences, 101, 116, 122, 129. See alfo

Demcnec.

Doniiuic, 101,116. Se-e aleo Domencce.

Dorlf.', 101.

Durulf, 122, 129, 147. See alto Deorolf.

D<jrwine, 193.

Dranlirig, 193.

Dregel, Drogl, &c., 122, 129.

Drciul, 142, 147.

Dring, 198, 222, 244.

Drtolf, 193.

Drhwold, 198. Sec Drybtuald.

Driuniug, 156.

Dropa or Drowa, 244, 299.

Drungar, 244.

Dryhtuald or Dryhtwald, 63, 101,

121.

Duda, 19S.

Dudda or Dudd, 27, 29, 32.

Duddinc, 302.

DudelorDudele, i9S.

Dudelet, 122, 129.

Dudeman, 156, 163, 168.

Dudewine, 32.

Dudig, 32, 65, 80, 83, 90, 95, 122, 130,

142, 147.

Dudinc, 330, 382, 397, 407.

Dudinic, 320.

Dudsemon, 163.

Duducol, 330, 426.

Duduiue, 9, 18, 22, 24.

Dufacan, 302, 309.

Dufnelm, i9S.

Duine, 32, 58.

Dulwic, 330, 400.

Dun, 9, 19, 20, 163, 169, 191, 193, 19-^.

See aho Dunn.

Dunberd, 320.

Duncild, 198.

Dunic, 191.

Duniuc, Duning, Dunninc, &c., 32, 40,

58, 60, 156, 159, 330, 377, 378, 390.

Dunn or Dunna, 27, 29. 32, 57, 58, 66,

156, 161. -See aho Dun.

Dunstan, 198, 214, 244.

Dunioaii, 302.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 507

Duraint, 122, 130.

Duran, 142, 198.

Durnnd, Durandes, or Durant, 122, 130,

163, 178, 188, 19S.

Durberd, 330.

Duriant, 101.

D urine, 330, 414.

Durlac, 83.

Durreb, 330, 400.

Durtan, 19S.

Durul, 330.

Durwig, 2M.

Dynyn, 1, 7.

Dyreman, 198. See Dioreman.

Dyrewine, 198.

Dyrbtuijer, 198.

Dyrinc, 330. See Dirinc.

Dyrsige, 244. See Deorsige.

Dyyn, 20. See Dun.

E.

Eadeasge, 199.

Eadelm or Edchn, 199.

Eadered, 83, 90.

Eadfred, 83, 90.

Eadgar or Edgar, 101, 122, 199, 220,

241, 244, 245, 283, 330, 331, 342.

Eailgild, 101, 122.

Eadlielm, 32, 83.

Eadlaf, 101, 108, 199.

Eadma3r or Eudmor, 103, 170, 199.

See also Ednia3r

Eadmund or Edmund, 83, 90, 99, 101,

109, 110, 111, 110, 122, 130, 142,

147, 156, 159, 163, 172, 186, 190,

199, 226, 244, 281, 330, 331, 407.

Eadno«, 191, 199, 211,244, 281.

Eadred, Edrcd, or Edired, S3, 102. 113,

122, 130, 245, 285, 331, 407, 410.

Eatlric or Edric, 101, 199, 215, 218,

221, 245, 275, 283, 294, 302, 318,

320, 329, 330, 331, 391, 392, 396,

404, 410, 454, 400, 466. See also

iEdric.

Eadmo«, 199.

Eadsi, 199, 245.

Eadsig, Eadsige, Ediigc, &c., 199, 227,

232, 238, 245, 262.

Eadsme, 199, 223.

Eadstan or Edstan, 82, 07, 101, 122,

130, 199, 209, 331.

Eaduald or Eadueald, 32, 40, 06. See

also Eadwald.

Eadueard, 32, 59. See also Adueard,

Eadulf or Eaduulf, 22, 24, 32, 59, 101,

lie, 156,163,215.

Eaduuald. See Eadwald.

Eadwacer or Edwacer, 199, 802, 310.

Eadwald, Eadweald,or Edwald, 32, 80,

83, 90, 24.5, 302, 330, 331, 400. See

also Eadwold.

Eadward, Eadweard, Eadwerd, Ed-

ward, Edwerd, &c., 122, 131, 199,

223, 226, 232, 245, 281, 285, 293,

296, 302, 319, 320, 330, 331, 344,

345, 346, 359, 375, 384, 385, 457,

460.

Eadwi, 199. See also Edwi.

Eadwig or Edwig, 199, 245, 289, 302,

320, 327, 330, 331, 348, 357, 372,

384, 400, 412.

Eadwiue or Edwiue, 103, 174, 191, 199,

. 223, 225, 226, 227, 233, 238, 245, 260,

262, 275, 281, 283, 286, 303, 309, 318,

320, 330, 331, 381, 385, 387, 400,404,

407, 410, 414, 415, 416, 420, 421, 422,

423, 431, 460, 462, 408.

Eadwod, 199.

Eadwold or Edwold, 199, 210, 211, 224,

226, 227, 229, 245,281, 283, 285, 302,

314, 330, 331, 397, 406, 410, 412.

See also Eadwald.

Eaenolf, 156, 161.

Eacrn, 245.

Eaetau, 32, 67.

508 II. -INDKX OF MONEYERS.

EaKnuin.l. 13. fier Kiilpnjuntl.

Ivilcti. 330.

EftliliilM'ftrd or KaMobcrd, 245,201.

Knl.lpir. 199, Wi, :W0, 112.

luil.lrtxl. 22,21, 199. 2:n.a/.5.

KaMiilf or Kal.linilf, 32, C1,'XW, 410.

KuMwiK', 3:«), 41S.

EalfBip.'. 1(53, 18t;.

Kulprtr, 245. See Ealdgar.

KulK'ftrt, 122.

Kal^,'imin.l, 9, 13.

Eulh.stnn, 83, 91, 9^ 99, 101, 190, 224,

225, 220. See ahn Alhstan.

Eiilstan, 199. See alto Eahlatan.

Earner, 199.

Eainund, 199.

Eiiniuund, 9, 13, 10.

Eanrcil, 163.

Eaiiulf, 10.3, 178, 191, 194.

Eanute, 191.

Eanwald, 9, 15.

Eanwcrd, 330.

Earcil, 330, 309.

EiirdnoS or Erdno«, 199, 245.

Eurdulf, 101, 122, 131, 142, 147.

Eardwulf, 9, 83.

YaxcA, 83.

Enraoytcl, 245. Sve Arncetel.

Earngrim, 245, 208. See also Erngrim.

Eamulf, 101. See Arnulf.

Eamwi, 320, 331, 380, 381, 428.

Rirnwulf, 83. See Eamulf.

Earward, S3.

E»istma>r. 331, 440.

Eastnicr, 400, 473.

Eaatulf, 199. Sec algo Faatulf.

Eatstan, 103, 175, 199. See aigo

Ead:)tan.

Fjiwidf, S3, 331, 373.

EaiSno>, 244. See EadnoJS.

Eoborht, 32, 07, 101, 107, 110.

Erfor», 199.

R'^jbriht, 122.

Erghr rd, 101.

Eclafor Ellaf, 83, 91, 101, 102, 111,

117,199. See also Eil&f.

Eerie, 245, 292.

Ecuulf or Ecwulf, 32, 68.

Ecwig, 331, 410.

Eowulf, 32, 08. See also Ecuiilf.

E.la, 199.

Ediolbriht, 199.

Edculf. 32, 45.

Edelgar, 83, 91.

Edelic, 331.

Edelm, 199. See Eadelm.

Edclric, 199.

Edclstan, 32, 69.

Edelstan and Gelda, 69.

Edelwine, 224. See ^Stlwine.

Edcred, 199.

Edfecer, 199.

Edgar, 244, 245, 283, 830, 331, 342.

See also Eadgar.

Edhie, 302.

Edin, 331, 397.

Edired, 122. See Eadred.

Edire«, 122.

Ediric, 245. See Edric.

Edmajr, 245, 261, 302, 309, 320, 331,

357. See also Eadniser.

Edmund, 101, 199, 244, 331. See also

Eadmund.

Edraed, 302.

Edred, 102, 113, 245, 285, 331, 407,

410. See also Eadred.

Edric, 199, 218, 221, 245, 275, 283,

294, 302, 318, 320, 329, 331, 391,

392, 396, 404, 410, 454, 460, 466.

See also .Sdric and Eadric.

Edrice ( = Edric), 2J5.

Edriec (= Edric). 55i.

Edsie or Edsii, 245, 261, 262, 331, 357.

Edsieie, 302.

Edflige, 199, 227, 232, 245, 262. See

also Eadsige.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 509

Edsigeware, 245, 2G2.

510 II.— INDKX OF M0NEYP:RS.

320, .'131, 100, 111, III. Sei: also

iiCirHtiui.

Kifiiiii.i (.r Kirwiii.i, a2, no, 122, ic:?,

171), 191. St'c aht) yElfwaltl.

Elfword, 329. See iElfward.

Elfwi or EKwic, 102, 243, 282, 460.

Str also vKlfwi.

Klfwig, 197. See iElfwig.

Elfwinc, 273, 27G, 282, 329, 313, 350,

3G1, 375, 3119, 40.3, 420, 421, 433,

441, 443, 444, 4G0, 4(J2. See also

iElfwino.

Eli, 32, 38, 55.

Elln, 27, 29.

EUaf, S3, 102, 111. See also Eclaf.

Elrsed or Elrcd, 329, 331, 345, 346.

See also iElrajd.

Eiric, 331, 381.

Elsii 0, 453. See Elfsie.

Elsipo, 329. See ^Ifsige.

Elst, 24.1.

Eltan, 331, 3G2.

Elwinc, 331, 421, 444.

Eulx>rht, 101. See also Cenberht

Endiwern, 243.

Endric or Enric, 331.

Engilberht, 102.

Engilbrcd, 142, 148.

Enrip, 331.

Eoda, 199.

Eodin, 142.

Eodmnn, 199.

Eoferard, i«3.

Eoftrcd, 15G. 159.

Eofermimd or Efermund, S3, 102, 113,

122, 131. 163.

Eofenilf, 1G3, 174.

Eofrcd, 4>i0.

E'la, 331, 3G1.

Eol», 245.

Eonrcd, 303.

Eorflf, 331.

E.irod or EoroiS, 142, 156, 160, 171, ISG.

Eowiiio, 303.

Emrd, 102. See Efrard.

ErcoiilmM, 122, 163.

Erduo*, 2-15. See EardnoJS.

Ere, 102, 111.

Ertmbald, 122.

Krewino, 199, 212,

Kr.«ic, 122. See Fre«ic.

Erfric, 331, 357.

Ergimbult, 122, 140.

Ergrim, 303. See Erngrim.

Eric, 102.

Ericil, 122.

Ericuuald, 32, 69.

Erim or Erimcs, 142, 156.

Ermwi, 331.

Erucctel, Erncyttl, or Erncil, 305, 331,

302, 460, 463. See also Amcetel

and Earncytel.

Erngrim or Ergrim, 245, 303, 329, 331,

362, 363. See also Amgrim and

Earngrim.

Eruwi, 303.

Erostulf, 199.

Ero«, 148. See FroiSric.

Ertan, 446. See Estan.

Escea, 199.

Escman, 191, 195. See also .^scman.

Esctli, l'J9.

Estan, 243, 245, 256, 303, 329, 331, 423,

445, 446. See also iEstan.

Esther, 331, 397.

Estmajr, 331. See ^stmscr.

Estmund, 331, 410, 453, 454, 455.

Eswig, 199, 234. See also Ascwig.

Etfern, 163.

Etile, S3.

Etrum, 102.

Etsigc, 245, 2G1, 284, 291, 303, 320,

331, 353, 407. See also Eadsige.

Etstan, 24i, 331, 374. See also Eadstan.

Ettige, 245. See Etsige.

Eturcol ( = Styrcol ?), 331.

II.—INDEX OP MONEYERS. 511

Eulgart, 122, 132.

512 II. INKKX OF MONEYERH.

FmiilmM. .93.

Fninl. 102, 110, 122, i:!2, 112, MH,

150, 151).

Fro<lar.l or Fndml, 122, 141, 112, 155.

Frl<•^ric, l(j4, 186. Stie aUo Fro«ric.

Fn•^ur(^, V>2. S<f also Vu dard.

Fn^i rir, InH S'C Kro^^ic.

Fri'?lt)winr, 24f). S'^e FriScwino.

FroJSic, Fre«ice8,or FruSiciu, 122, 142,

148, 156, 161, 164, 169, 184, 245, 282.

Frio«ulf, «3.

Fri?;, &3.

Fri?!c<.l. 245, 204, 2G8.

FriSfbi rht, Fri«cbriht, or FriXclberht,

83, 91, 102.

FriStmund, 331.

FriSowino or FriSiwine, 245, 292, 303,

331. Ste also Fre*ewine.

Fri«i, 320, 327.

Froma or Frome, 331, 352, 353.

Fron, 331, 352, 460, 462.

Frostulf or Fr08«ulf, 199.

Frotgar or Frotger, 102, 113, 12 ). See

aho FroXgar.

Frotierm, 102.

Fro«, 142, 148.

Fro«gar or Fro«ger, 102, 156, 158.

See also Frotgar.

Fro«ric or Frc«eric, 142, 148, 156, 159,

164, 171. See also Frco«ric.

Fry«cmund, 164, 199, 238.

Fugel, 102, 117, 122, 132, 141.

Fulrad, 102.

Fyhtltflp, 199.

Fynuclm, 142.

G.

Gaoald, 83.

GftrLftr.l, 83, 91,95, 102, HI.

Garfiu, 199, 331, 396.

Gamwi, 331.

Garuiuc, 32, 71.

Garulf, 83, 102, 199, 245, .331, 440, 448.

fu'oilaf, 2-in.

Gclda, 32, 69.

(Jeldcwinc, Gildcwino, Guldcwinc, or

Gyldcwinc, 303, 308, 331, 344, 345,

.346, 347, 387.

Gcnard, 102, 106.

Gcola, 331, 3G3.

Gertfin, 460.

Geundferd or GundferS, 122, 132.

Giencea, 102.

Gife or Gire, 102, 199, 831, 395.

Gilacris or Gillacris, 303.

Gildewino, 331, 347, 387. See also

Geldewine.

Gilles, Gillus, Gillys, or Gyllis, 142,

164, 171, 186.

Gilm, 164. See also Cylm.

Gilpin, 331, 420.

Giinulf, 245, 268. See aho Grimnlf.

Giodwine, 199. See Godwine.

Giolwulf (Ciolwulf ?), 32.

Giougbald, 102, 112, 122.

Gire, 331. See Gife.

Gis, 102.

Gislehclm, 142.

Gislemer, 102, 117, 123, 142, 149

Glifwine, 331, 410.

Glonnulf, 191.

Gnapa, 123. See Cnapa.

Gnorine, 245.

God or Godd, 199, 216, 217, 225, 24.5,

303, 314, 316.

Goda or Godda, 32, 71, 80, 199, 213,

229, 230,233, 236, 245, 290, 291, 303.

Godaeg, Godog, or Godieg, 199, 234.

Godaman, 245, 286, 303. See also

Godman.

Godan, 245, 303.

Godcild, Godrildd, or Gotcild, 245,

295, 305, 320, 331, 438.

Godcirca, 245.

I Godd, 245, 316. See also God.

II.—INDEX OF MONEVEKS, 513

Goddere, 215, 284. See also Godere.

Godefer<5, Godefre<5, Godefri^, Gode-

fry«, or Godfcr«, 15G, IGl, 199, 245,

274, 275.

Godeg, 199. See Godaeg.

Gudela«, 245.

Godelef, Godeleof, Godkof, or God-

leow, 199, 234, 235, 245, 274, 331,

455.

Godelfold, 331.

Godeman, 199, 227, 245, 2G0, 28G, 299,

331, 439. See also Godruan.

Goder, Godere, or Goddoie, 199, 224,

245, 284, 286, 287, 331, 410.

Goderic, 331, 428. See also Godric.

Godesbrand, 331, 426, 460.

Godesune, Godsune, Godsunu, or Got-

8unu, 245, 820, 331, 375, 397, 404,

458.

Godfer«, 199. See Godefer«.

Godgod, 245.

Godi, 831.

Godic, 245.

Godieg, 199. See Godseg.

Godin or Godine, 142, 149, 308. See

also Godwine.

Godine, 199, 232, 245, 308. See also

Godine.

Godlamb, 331, 375.

Godleof, 245, 274. See also Godelef.

Godleow, 199. See Godi lef.

Godman, Godaman, Godeman, God-

mon, or Go«raan, 199, 210, 211, 212,

224, 227, 229, 238, 240, 245, 260,

264, 268, 282, 286, 289, 299, 808,

331, 380, 410, 434, 439, 446.

Godra, 199.

Godric, Goderic, Goodric, Goric, or

Gotric, 199, 217, 226, 227, 245, 259,

270, 271, 274, 276, 280, 282, 284,

286, 293, 303, 308, 312, 316, 320,

325, 326, 331, 340, 341, 371, 373,

382, 384, 387, 388, 390. 391, 392.

393, 394, 395, 4(0, 405, 407, 410,

412, 414, 415, 416, 417, 426, 428,

434, 443, 456, 460, 468, 470, 474.

Godric and Calic, 24), 820.

Godric and Swot, 245, 280.

Godrine, 199.

Godsie, 303, 314. See also Guldsie. '

Godsige, 303, 314. See also Goldsige.

Godsune or Godsunu, 245, 320, 331,

404, 458. See also Godesune.

Godwi, 245, 331, 400, 456.

Godwic or Godwig, 199, 331, 404.

Godwin, 245, 381.

Godwine or Godwince, 803, 331, 384.

Godwine and Ceoca, 331.

Godwine, 199, 210, 211, 212, 217, 218,

222, 227, 229, 235, 239, 240, 245,

256, 258, 270, 271, 272, 275, 276,

278, 284, 287, 289, 290, 292, 293,

298, 299, 303, 311, 313, 314, 315,

320, 327, 328, 331, 341, 343, 348,

349, 351, 354, 355, 364, 373, 375,

380, 383, 384, 385, 386, 397, 398,

400, 402, 404, 405, 407, 408, 410,

413, 414, 417, 420, 423, 427, 431,

432, 439, 444, 445, 447, 449, 450,

456, 457, 460, 462, 466.

Godwine and Caa, 245, 298.

Godwine and Ceoca, 245, 308, 320.

Godwine and Stewer, 808.

Godwine and "NVidia (Wudia), 245,

a05, 331,447.

Godwine and Wudia, 320, 328.

Goere, 245, 286. See also Godere.

Goinc, 245.

Gola or GoUa, 200, 831.

Golda, 320, 325.

Goldan, 381.

Goldcytel, 320, 325.

Goldman, 331, 3ol, 400.

Goldsie, Golddige, or Goltsige, 303,

313, 314, 320, 331, 401. 402, 404,

111.

2 L

514 II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS.

OoldHtnti. 2011

Ool.liiH, 200, 2:W, 2\r>, 202.

Gohlwino, 200. 22fi. 233, 331, 380, 383,

404, 4r.3, 400, 473.

Golprim, 2()<). See Colprim.

(Jollft, 2(X). Ser ahi) (Sola.

fJoltaipo. 30.1, 331, 101, 402, 404. See

al»n Ooldsigo.

Goltsino, 331, 401. 408.

Gomnn, 245, 28fi.

Gonwinc, 245, 303. See Godwine.

GiXMlric, 24o. See Godric.

Goric, 303, 308. See also Godric.

Gotji or Gotiif, 102, 117, 123, 132.

Gotcild, 245, 303. See Godcild.

Gotric, 245, 284. See also Godric.

(iotsalin, 245.

Got^Hiiu, 331, 375. See also Godcsunc.

Gowino, 299, 303, 311. See also

Godwino.

Gowno, 331.

(JoSroaii, 245. See Godman.

Go?rie, 331. See Godric.

Grid, 1G4, ISO, 189.

Grim, 142, 149, 156, 158, 164, 168,191,

196, 200, 223, 241, 245, 272.

Grininn, 245.

Grimcetcl or Grimcytcl, 245, 278.

Griniolf or Grimulf, 245, 205, 268, 303,

331.

Grimwald, 83, 91, 95, 102, 123.

Grind, 191, 194, 200, 222.

Grinulc, 331. See Grimulf.

Grucan, 24.i, 267. See also Crucan.

Gniiipir, 245.

Gnirn, 246, 264. See also Crurn.

Guldcwinc, 331, 344, 346. See also

Gcldowino.

(Jnnar or Gunor, 200.

GHniUK>rlit, S.9.

Gundfer», 122, 132. See ahn Gound-

for».

Gunliwat, 200, 24r,.

Gnnloof or Gunnlcof, 200, 216, 277.

(lUnno, S3.

Gunni, 200, 209.

Gunnula, 191.

Gunnulf, 164.

Gunsig, 246.

Gunstan, 200.

Guntcr, S3.

Gunucrd, 164, 180.

Guolfwino, 331, 374.

Gustan or Gustin, 246, 279.

GuShcre, 32, 71.

Gu«ort, 331.

Gu«rcd, 331, 383.

Gwelic, 331, 455.

Gyldewine, 303, 308, 331, 344, 345.

See also Geldcwine.

Gyllis, 164. See Gilles.

Gynsige. See Cynsige.

Gytel, 156. See Cytel.

H.

Haculf, 164, 180.

Hadebald, 83, 128.

Hregenrede, 102.

HxTgod or Haregod, 331, 421, 422.

II?erra, 303, 309, 320.

lijerred or Herred, 331, 442, 443.

Hafgrim, 191, 194.

Haldbere, 32, 71.

Haldene, 331,429.

Hana or Hanen, 123.

Hancrcut, 191, 194, 200. See also

Mancrent or Nancrent.

Hangrim, 191.

Harcin, 331, 431, 458. See also

Mnrcin.

Haregod, 331, 422. See also Hsergod.

Harger, 102, 117.

Harucytel, 200. See Arncytel.

HarSaciiut, HarSecnut, or HuarSccnut,

246, 303.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 515

Hateman or HatmaD, 246. See also

Hwateman.

HaiSebald, S3.

HaiSelberht, 102.

Ha«elwold, 102, 117.

Hcahearhf, 22, 24. Set also Hcre-

bearht.

Heahmotl, 27, 31.

Healf, 32.

Heardher, 83, 91.

Hear^ecnut, 246. See Har^acnut.

Heauulf, 32, 50, 71. See also Ilrawulf.

Heawulf or Heauulf, 32, 50, 71, 200,

228.

Hea«ewi, 460, 473.

Hea«ulf or He«ewulf, 331, 451.

Hebeca, 9, 14, 32, 56.

Hedebeald, 9.

Heirseric, (Ciresrien ?) 32, 62.

Heldalt, 102, 107.

Helican, 32, 71.

Hcrebaldor Herebtald, 9, 14, 15, 17,

22, 24, 27, 30, 32, 83.

Herebearht, Hereberht, Hercbert,

Heriberht, Herebreht, or Herebyrht,

9, 17, 24, 32, 46, 164, 180, 200, 220.

Hcrebeav, 102.

Hereberht, 200. See Herebearht.

Herebert, 32, 40, 164, 180. See ahoHerebearht.

Herebreht or Herebyrlit, 200, 220.

See also Herebearht.

Hereferd, Hereford, or IIerefre<5, 22,

24, 32, 40, 71, 164.

Heregcard, 22, 24.

Hereman, 123, 164, 180.

Heremfretia, 83.

Ileroinod, 32, 72, 83, 96, 98, 102, 123,

132, 142, 1.56, 104, 174.

Heremund, 22, 25, 32, 72.

Herculf or Hcrouulf, 27, 30, 32, 72.

Herowig, 123, 133, 156.

Heriberht, 32, 46. Sec also Ilerebiarht.

Herigar or Heriger, 142, 156, 161, 164,

180.

Herolf or Horolfcs, 164, 189.

Herred, 331, 443. See also Hserred.

Herric, 102.

Herulf or Herwulf, 200. See aho

Hereulf.

Hewulf, 200. See Heawulf.

He«ewulf, 331, 451. See also Hea«ulf.

He«ul, 83.

Hiardi, 200.

Higolf. See Hingolf.

Hild, 191, 196.

Hilde, 164.

Hildeomert, 123.

Hildolf or Hildulf, 102, 142, 200, 216,

246, 263, 265, 268, 320.

Hildred, 246.

Hildsige, 200.

Hildulf. See Hildolf.

Hiltwine, 164.

Hingolf or Ingolf, 164, 181, 191.

Hlangulf, 331, 419.

Horn, 331, 423.

Hotaf, 123.

Hrodear or Hro«gar, 102, 112, 123,

142.

Huna, 246. See Hunna.

Iluubearht or Hunberht, 9, 13, 14, 17,

18, 22, 25, 32, 72.

Hunbein, 164, 181. See also Unboin.

Hundolf or Hundulf, 200, 21.5.

Iluneinan, 200, 246, 202.

Hunewine, 200, 236, 240, 201, 331,

357.

Hunfrtd or IIuiifrc«, 32, 40, S3.

Hungar, 102.

Hunia, 200.

Kuniga,. 200.

Hunlaf, 83, 98, 102, lOS, 123, 133,

142.

Hunna, 246,303,320.

lluured, 9, 18, 22, 25, 142, 149.

2 I. 2

r.in IMU.X •»!• MoNKYKKS,

Ilunric, JO-J.

IlnnKnfl. 11'.', I.V).

HiiMKiK''. I2:<. VXi.

IIiiiiHtun, 'JiiO.

Hiitnirl, .Tll.aSK, IJ'.tO, it'.M.

HuH<l>al<l. 112, ir>0

IIu8.«n, '2'.

IIiiHtkn, I'J].

llwilHt'lllliD, 2ix>.

ilwaliiiiitiii, Ilvvatiiiriiiii, iir llwatiiiiiii,

•M0,'SS\,21i;,:{():i, .W), ^32, ;H2, 355.

^V^ aUo Hntemau mid Watunian.

Hv80, 2(X).

loocreo, 332.

Icoriff, 332.

Idn, 32, 72.

ledulf, 123.

I.'lfgcht. 396. See .tllfgajt.

lelfi, 460.

Iflfwine ( = .'Elf\vinc), 350, 372. 452.

Ifo, 1.

Ifinc (Lifinc?), 3.Vi?.

Igere, 102, 123, 13:1

Igereii, «.3.

Ildnbcrht, 102.

Here, 102. S.e Igere.

Iluld, 2-i(;, 305.

Indolf, 191. See also In golf.

Iiigft. 1(>2.

Ingclbcrd, 1G4, 1S5.

Ingelberht or Ingelbert, 102, 123.

Ingelbric^, 164. See aho Ingelrics.

Ingclgftr, 123, 133, 142, 150.

Inpelric or Ing.lrice, 102, 1 12, 164, 200,

238.

Ingoir, 1«4, ISl. 191. Ste uhn Indolf

and Ilingiilf.

Ingolfor?, 1»)4, 189.

Inpuoo?, 142, 150.

lorctel, loi-itel, «.r I.iket.l. r>32. 366, 367,

3fi8, 363, 460, 463.

lofcrnnmd, 83. 98.

lohann or lolian, 102, 117, 161, 191.

See also lulian.

I'.kctcl, 332, [iW. Ste aho Iocott!l.

lola, If.Ua, or lole, 332, 363, 365, 366.

lolana or lonana, .332, 359.

lolcs, 164, 185.

lolla, 332. See loin,

lonana, 3.i2. See lolana.

lora, 3.32.

Inrel, 332.

lounus, 246.

Ira, Ire, or Irra, 200, 216, 246, 265.

Irfara, 83, 99.

Irra, 200, 216. See also Ira.

Iscula. 303.

Isegol, 200.

Isegod, Isgod, or Isengod, 200, 213,

246.

Isembert, 164, 181.

Iseward, 246.

Isgod. See Isegod.

Isidemau, 320.

Isnel(= Snel?), i02.

Isulf, 164, 191.

lua, 83, 92.

ludelbard, 32, 73.

lufinc, 200.

lugblet, 332, 361.

luhan, 164, 169. See also loban.

Iulfer«, 3.32, 373.

lulstan, 200.

Iiirelel, 332, 362.

Instan, 200, 246. See lustegeii.

lustegen, lustein, or lustin. 246.. 279.

lustin, 246. 279. See lustegen,

Ivc, 142, 155, 164, 182.

K.

Kuapa, 191. See Cuapa.

Kynsige, 200. See Cynsigf.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 517

L.

Lacer or Sacer, 191, 19G.

Laduu-cr, Ladiner, or Lodmrer, 24G,

298, 303, 318, 820, 332, 443, 447.

Lajfwi, 320. See Leofwi.

Lafe, 200.

Landac, 102, 117.

Landa), S3.

Landfer«, 142, loO, 246.

Landwine, 123, 134.

Lanfer, 83, 97.

Lcoewine (=Leofwiae ?), 24^.

Lcrie, 246.

Lecfer<5, 164.

Lefa, Leofa, or Leva, 200, 220, 246, 275.

Lcfcetel, 332.

Lefden, 303.

Lefedei, 303. See Leofdasi.

Lefei, 246.

Lefena« or LefcuoS, 303, 308, 320,

325, 332, 381. See also Leofena« and

LeofnoS.

Lefinc or Lefing, 1G4, 185, 200. Se^

also Leofinc and Lifinc.

Jjefiiian, 332, 384. See Leofnian.

Lefric, 200, 303, 454. S<'e aho Leofric.

Lefstan, 303, 308, 320, 327, 332, 344.

See aho Leofstan.

Lefstan and Swenc, 246.

Lefwi, 332, 389. See ahu Leofwi.

Lefwinc, 318, 319, 392, 413, 420, 424,

431, 458. See aho Leofwine.

Lefwold, 191. See Leofwold.

Leifiiic, 314. See Lifing.

Lcifwino, 2(X>. See aho liCofwiiip.

LciftSo*, 200.

Leisinc, 460, 463.

Lcmnian, 246. See Leonitnnn.

Lonna, 164, 182.

Lcocrine, 431. See Leofwine.

Lood.t<ii, 246. See LonfdaMi.

Leodmaor or LeomjEr, 246, 298, 303.

See aho Ladmrcr.

Leofa, 200, 246, 275. See Lefa.

Leofajlm, 200, 233.

Leofdajg, 832. See aho Leofedajg.

Leofdaji or Lefedei, 505.

Leofdffin, 246, 293. See aho Locfdegn

.

Leofdag, 200.

Leofdeg or Leofdegn, 246, 293. See

aho LeofSegn.

Leofedffig, 246. See also Leofdaig.

Leofen or Leofrne, 191.

LeofenaS or LeofenoS, 277, 303, 363,

365. See aho LefenatS and LeofuotS.

Leofgar or Leofgajr, 164, 200, 246.

Leofget, 200.

Leofgod, 200.

Leofhclm, 164, 189, 200, 233. ^.>e

aho Lioflielm.

Leofhere, 246.

Leofhese, Leofhyse, or Lcofhuse, 200.

Leofinc, Leofinces, or Leoflng, 164, 189,

200, 246, 279. See aho Lefinc and

Lifinc.

Leofine, 200.

LtofmEer or Leousajr, 246, 303.

Leofman or Lcfman, 200, 332, 384.

Leofinor, 200.

Leofinon, 200.

Leofmo«, 200.

Leofn, 200, 216, 332, 373.

Lcofna^, 246. See Leofena* ami

IjCofnoS.

Leofnel, 164, 189.

Leofnod, 200. See LcofnoS.

Leofno« or Liofno«, 200, 220, 221, 224,

228, 246, 258, 274, 277, 303, 308.

312, 320, 332, 361, 363, 365, 373,

381, 390, 401. S,e oho LefenaS and

Leoftnai^.

Leofred, Lifred, or Liofnd, 2'i0, 24(),

286, 303, 314, .120, 3.32. 35'.'. 397.

401, 401. 4(tS, 411. 433. 451.

518 II. INIiKX OF MONEYEllS.

Li-ifDMl anil nnin, '^IH, -W".

LfMifrir, Lii.fric, or Lofric, 102, 12:{,

i:il. 112. l')0. I(i4, 200, 210, 211,

22K, x\2, 2 It;, '2:.!), 27:^ 278, :jo:{,

:u:{, .'{14, aid, :i2>, 3:!2, 37;), 383,

:is8, lot;. 1 1 1, 420, 42 1, 432, 435, 460.

Loofrino, 200. See Ixjofwine.

UM.fry.l, 200, 228.

Loofsi, 240, ICO. 4t;8. ,SVe also

Lfofsigo.

Lcofsif, 332, 408.

Loof8i;< or Leofsigo, 104, 170, 200, 21G,

217, 240, 270, 272, 284, 332.

Li'ofstaii, Leostan, or Liofstaii, 15C,

l.xS lt;4, 108, 190, 200, 210, 211,

215, 224, 22.5, 22 G. 228, 246, 282,

284, 303, 315, 320, 326, 327, 332,

344, 345, 347, 371, 374, 397, 422,

427, 439, 440, 443, 460, 4G6, 470.

See aho Lefstan and Lifstau.

Lcofstegt'D, 246.

Lcofsuuu, 200, 240, 297.

Leofward, Leofword, Liofweard, or

Liofwcrd, 24i!, 332, 350, 351, 38G,

4 GO, 4GG.

Leofwi, 246, 303, 32\ 332, 384,401.

See aho Lajfwi and Lcfwi.

Lfofwic, 332, 419. See also Leofwig.

Loofwig or Lofwig, 200, 212,2J^,303,

312. 3.32, 404.

Loofwiiic, 332, 357.

Leofwint', Leowine, Ijifwini^, or Liof-

wino, 164, 200, 208, 220, 221, 224,

226, 228, 229, 246, 260, 261, 262,

272, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282,

284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 293, 295,

21M;, 298, 303, 307, 309, 313, 315,

317, 318, 319, 320, 332, 344, 345,

347, 353, 371, 374, 377, 379, 383, 388,

.389, 392, 404, 408, 411, 413, 418,

419. 420, 423, 424. 425, 427, 431,

\X\, 41.^. 444. 44.i, 4.'>4, 4.")5, 457,

458. 4i;0. 161. 4i;i. 171.

Loofwold or Liofwold, 164, 200, 224,

239, 246, 284, 286, 293, 298, 332,372,

396, 450, 451, 452, 460, 464, 473.

Lijolword, 3:i2, 3.")1 , 386. See alto Leof-

ward.

LeofSegen or Leof«cgn, 2^/), 303. 307,

320, 332, 342. See aho Lcofdogn.

Leomajr, 246, 303. See also Leofmser.

Leomun, 200. See Leofman.

Leoraman or LcmiuaD, 246.

Leomrcd, 24G.

Leonig, 320.

Leoric. See Leofric.

Leostan, 246, 303. See Leofstan.

Leowi or Leowii, 246, 295.

Leowic. See Leofwic.

Leowidi, 246.

Leowine, 280, 293, 303, 411. See aho

Leofwine.

Leowsige, 200. See Leofsige.

Leo«an, 246, 279.

Lerman, 246.

Leuinc, 156, 162.

Leva, 200. See Lefa.

Levig, 164, 191, 195.

Lewerd, 246.

Liuba or Liuba, 9, 16, 17.

Liabinc or Liabincg, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32.

Liadrafen, 303, 312.

Liafiuc, 123, 134.

Liafwald, 32.

Lifere, 332.

Lific or Lifice, 277, 332, 360, 372,

473. See aho Lifinc.

Lifinc, Lifing,or Lyliuc, 102, 121. 142.

150, i56, 164,200, 210, 226, 228, 229,

246. 270, 277, 280, 282, 284, 2S9, 295,

303,314, 317, 320, 326, 332, 358, 359,

401, 408, 413, 440, 441, 443. 444, 445,

448, 449, 451, 452, 456, 458, 460,464,

471, 473. See alao Lefinc, LeofiDc,

Liofinc, and Lufinc.

Lifiiio. 303, 358. See Lifinc.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 519

Lifred, 303. 314, 332, 401, 404. See

also Leofred and Liofred.

Lifsig, 332. See Leofsige.

Liftitan, 344. See Lcofstau.

Lifwidya, 2i6.

Lifwinc, 332, 345, 377, 383, 423, 425,

455. See also Lcofwiuc.

Lifwine and Hurn, 332, 423.

Ligobird. 123, 134.

Lind, 200.

Lindwin, 246.

Lioeri, 200. See Leofric.

Liofeuod, 381, 390. See also LiofnoS.

Liofhclm, S3, 102, 111, 123, 134, 24G,

279. See also Leofhelci.

Liofiuc, 332, 413, 445. See also Lifiuc.

Liofmau, 246.

Liofn, 246.

Liofiieu, 24G, 279.

Liofuo«, 200, 221, 246, 332, 381, 390.

See also Leofno<5.

Liofred, 200, 332, 352, 401, 411, 433.

See also Leofred.

Liofric, 200, 332, 383, 388, 420. See

also Leufric.

Liofsige, 284. See also Leofsige.

Liofstan, 1G4, 168, 190, 200, 246, 332,

347, 440. See also Lcofstan.

Liofwcard or Liofwerd, 246, 332, 386.

See also Leofward.

Liofwine, 200, 246, 277, 282, 332, 347,

374, 383, 408, 420, 424, 425, 433.

See also Lcofwine.

LiofwoM, 200, 224, :i:{2, 450. Srr also

Ltofwuld.

Liouiiig, 102.

Litclmnn or Litilman, ]02, 117, 123,

134, 156. See also Lytulinan.

Liiman, 200. See Lytclinan.

Liuba, 0, 16. See Liaba.

Liufgod, 200. See Livogod.

Livcgod, 200.

Living or Liwing, 200.

Liwine, 246, 277.

Liwing, 200. See Living.

Log, 246, 332, 438, 444, 445.

Loda, 246, 300.

Lodmtur, 303. See Ladiiia;r.

Lofman, 332. See Lcofman.

Lofric, 332. See Leofric.

Lofwig, 332. See Leofwig.

Lofwine, 320. See Lcofwine.

Lowman, 164.

Luceman or Lycoman, 22, 25.

Luda, Lude, Ludia, or Ludda, 32, 200,

213.

Ludeca, 33, 73.

Ludig, 33, 73.

Lueinc, 332, 435.

Lufa, 200, 246, 290.

Luferic, 240.

Lufestan, 246.

Lufie, 332.

Luffinc or Lufinc, 200, 229, 332, 460,

471. See also Lifiuc.

Lufric, 303, 332. See Leofric.

Lufstan, 332. See Leofston.

Lufwine, 246, 332. See Lcofwine.

Lulla, 27, 30, 33, 58, 74.

Lumar, 200.

Luning, 33.

Lyceman, 22, 25. See also Luceman.

Lyefca or Lyva, 200.

Lyfinc, 164, 200, 228, 246. See also

Lifinc.

Lyfsye, 200.

Lylelman, Lytinian, or Litman, 200,

217. <SVe a/so Litehnan.

Lyva, 20<). See Lyefea.

M.

Macsu<5;in, 2H'., 277.

Majgrcd, 164.

Ma)ld or Mfuldomen, 102, 1 10, 123, 135.

MadsuSan or Ma-lsuSen, 164, 112,191.

020 II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS.

M/vrloii or MuTlin, 102, 109, 123, l•^r^,

2<)(). Sri' aim Martin nnd Mi-rtin.

Mnpnnrd, .S.7, J(>2.

Mali. /"!'.

Miin, Mann, Mana, Manaii, Manna, <ir

Mnnnc, !», 15, KJ, 17. H>, 27, 80, 83,

;t2. 102, 112, 12.3, 13!), 140, 142, 144,

i:.i. ir.-). 1.5C, 162, i«;4, loi), 174,

182, 18.1, i.'>;, 200, 214, 2.3G, 24G,

288, 2;»t;, .303, 31.'), 332, 344, 345,

31(5, 347, 304, 395, 4r,0, 470.

Mann. Sre. Man.

Mnnac, 33'2,

Mnnnn. See Man.

Manrrent, 2(X>. See alao Hanorent.

Mancca, 142, 151.

ManetKl, 136. See. Manngod.

Manetn, 123.

Mangod, 200, 214, 246.

Maninc or Manninc, 9, 13, 18, 19, 22,

25. 27, :i0. 33, 5G. 57, 102, 246. See

also Mnning.

Maning or Manning, 104, 18.3, 200, 231.

Mai.leof. 303, 320.

Mann. See JIan.

Manna. .S'" Man.

Maniu'. See Man.

^lannecin, 142, 155.

Manugwl, 15G, 159, IGO. -See also

Mangwl.

iMannic, 191. See also Alanine.

Mannicen, 123, 125. See also Manticen.

Manninc. See Maninc.

Manning. See Maning.

Manolct, 156.

Mansat, 164, 170.

Mansigc, 246.

Mantat, 164, 191. See also Mansat.

Manticen, 102, 112, 123, 125, 164, 190.

Manwine, 200, 332, 355.

Marbcrt. S3.

Marctr or Marcere, 164, 183, 332, 356.

See aUo Morcere.

Marciri, 332, 431, 4.'58.

Marrirale or Marsceale, IGt, 175.

Martin, 123, 135, 142, 200. See nhn

Miurtin and Mcrtin.

Matan, 2t6. See aho MatciSan.

Mata«an and Balluc, 246.

I\ratc«an or Mat«an, 246, 278, 280.

Ma«elwoId, 102.

Mugenfre*, 102, 118.

Mcgored, 191. See aho Megred.

Mcgred, 102, 110, 123, 136.

Melsdon, 191.

Merewine, 201.

Mertin, 164, 187. See aho IVIrRrtin

and Martin.

Mna, 201.

Moelf, 33, 74.

Moglu, 34«.

Moleman, 246.

Mon«egen or MonSign, 102, 114, 120.

Morcere, 332, 356. See aho Marcere.

Morgna, 164, 183.

Morre, 332.

Munred, 142.

Mus, 246.

N.

Nanan, 164, 183.

Nancrent, 191, 194, 2fil. See also

liancrent.

Nanue, 112. See Manne.

Nansige, 123.

Nau«mn, 303.

Na^an, 280. See Mat«an.

Nebeca, 14, 33. See Hebeca.

Nelican, 71. See Helican.

Nerebeald, 17. See Herebeald.

Nerebeuer, 17. See Herebearbt.

Nieici, 246.

Norbert, 142, 154.

Norulf, 24G, 294.

Nor»berd, 164.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 521

Nor«gar, 142, 151.

Nor«man, 246, 303, 320.

No^cr, 102,118.

No«ulf, 22, 25.

Nimbeaiit or Nutibeurlit, 14, 17. See

Hunbearht.

Nvbald, 102.

o.

Oba, 1, fi.

Oban, 201, 21.5,210.

Obn, 24(k

Oda, 102, 118, 123, 133, 1G4, 189. 191.

201, 215, 238, 240, 2'.)7, 300.

Odan, 2n. See Oban.

Odcotel, 211.

Odda, 201. See Oda.

Ode, 246. See Oda.

Odea, 201, 246. See Oda.

Odgrim, 201. See O^grim.

Odo, 83, 102. See aho Oda.

Odu, 201. See Oda.

Oecinan, 1G4, 183.

Oe«rlieri [= 0«elric?], 142.

Ofi', 201,234.

Ogca, 104, 173, 191, 196.

Ogeman, 164.

Ogn, 201.

Oia, 191, 190. See Boiga.

Oierbd, 201.

Oigft, 201.

Oinuud or Oaimnnd, 332, 411, 415.

See aho Osmund.

Omynd, 332, 413. See (dm Oiiniud.

Ondred, 123.

Onlai; 201, 220.

Onuraan, 123.

Ordbrigbt or Ordbriht, 201, 238, 246.

Ordrec, 320, 320.

Ordric, 24(5, 273. 303. See aho OrtSric

Ordulf, 83, 92.

Orist or Orst, 246.

Orlaf, 332, 406.

OrSric, 400, 405. See aho Ordric.

Osalf, 201, 225. See aho Osulf.

Osbam, 247. See aho Osbern.

Osbearht, 22, 25.

Osbern or Osberen, 201, 247, 201, 320.

Oscetel or Oscytel, 201, 225.

OsferS, 123, 142, 151, 164, 201, 212,

247, 278, 279, 303, 320, 332, 391,

393, 394.

Osfram, 201, 247.

OslryS, 332. See Osfer*.

Osgar, 201, 247.

Osgeard, 33.

Osgod or Osgot, 142, 201, 214, 247,

203, 205. See aho Osgut.

O.sgriiu, 247.

Osgut, 201, 219, 223, 240, 241, 247.

See aho Osgod.

Osherc, 22, 2i), 20, 27, 31, 33, 50.

Oslac, 83, 102, 110, 123, 136, 164, 247,

279, 280, 303.

Oslaf, 102, 109, 142, 164, 247.

Osmajr, 191, 201, 332, 340, 341.

Osmund, 1, 6, 9, 14, 15, 17, 123, 164,

201, 247, 303, 321, 332, 384, 415,

419, 4.33, 434, 460, 409, 471. See

aho Omund.

Osolf, 201. See Osulf.

Osric, 33.

Osuerd. 201. S'-e «/.<o Osward.

Osulf, Osuulf, or Oswulf. 33. 74, 83,

99, 102, 123, 164, 109, 191, 193, 201,

220, 228, 229, 241, 247, 282. See

aho Osalf.

Oswald, 123, 130, 142. 151, 150, 102,

191. See aho Oswold.

Osward. 104, 18.1, 247, 332, .371, 432.

Oswart, 102.

Oswerd, 247.

Oswi or 0.swie, 201, 209, 247, 270.

O^wig, 201, 209. 247, 270.

522 11.— INDEX OF M0NEYER8.

OHwiiic, ll:i.

()8W<)I(1, 201. 2-20, 2-17, .l:t2, .'{85, 'MC,

•lliO, an. See nUu) Uitwalil.

Oawiilf, IJ^i. Set! «/w Osuir.

Otic. l(i-J, \'2:\, 137, J56.

Otwiiie. .V.Vi?.

Oiidwl i)r OuJScel, 321.

OuMtinan, 2i7.

OiiSLcnrii or Ou»bcni, 2i>l, 3:J'J, 'M'J,

4iU). .SVi; alai) OXbuorn.

( )u»cel. 821.

Ou}5uiicarl, 821.

OuJSgriin, 201, 247, 332, 370, 4G0, 463.

Str also OiSgrim.

OuiSiicar or 08«encar, 247, 303, 313,

321. Sfc also OuiScncnrl.

Uu8olf, Ou«ulf, or Ou««ulf, 332, 368,

370, 460, 463.

Owulsipe, 247.

OSaii, OXon, OSin, 0<5inne, or 0S<5in,

247, 268, 269,303, 310, 332, 359, 360,

362.

0»barn, 247.

0»beorn, 0«born, or 0«born, 201, 222,

247, 332, 367, 368, 369, 394. See

aho OutUbiarn.

0«bcran, 303.

0«bi, 247.

OSboni. See OSbeorn.

0«elric, 123, 142, 151.

OSflrilit, 164.

0«in, 332, 362. See also 0»an.

OSoncar, 201. See also OutSenciirl

and OJSSincar.

0«tTun, 303.

OSctiofTCl, 123.

OSgriin. 201, 215, 223, 247, 281, 303,

332. 366, 367, 368. 369, 392, 394,

395. 396. See aho Ou^grim.

OiSin. OSinn, or 0»inno, 247, 268, 30.S,

:U0, 332, 359, 360. See aho OSan.( »?;olf, 332, 368. See aho Ou«olf.

t»!5riiii, .}(»,?. .•*«' OJSgriiij.

OXhIoc, 332, 395.

0«ulf, 201.

0»urim, 303. See 0«grim.

0»«cnc!ir, 247, 321. See alw OuScn-

carl and OiScncar.

0««in, 247, 269. See aho OSin.

P.

Pastor, S3.

Paul, Paules, or Paulus. 102, 109, 110,

118, 120, 123, 137.

Pirim, 164. See Wirim.

Pitit, 83, 92, 102, 118, 123, 137.

Pororic, 303. See Wororic.

Price, 332, 420.

Prim, 123.

Prin, 142.

R.

Eadcr, 303, 315.

Kadstan, 164.

Kaeduine, 142, 151.

Rffidulf, 332, 380.

R.-efen, Raifin, or Rafen, 164, 189, 201,

247, 269, 332, 360, 362, 365.

Rasgenald, 102. See Regenold and

Regnald.

Rajgenbald, 201.

Rajgonold, 123.

Ricgenulf or Ranulf, 83, 92, 102, 109.

118, 164, 191, 201.

Raeienold, 201.

Rjcnulf, 102, 109. See also Rffigcnulf.

Rafn or Rafun, 164, 189, 201, 332, 365.

See aho Rasfen.

Randulf, 123.

Reedes, 142.

Regengrim or Regegrim, 102. 123.

See aho Reingrim.

Regenold, 164.

Regenward, 102.

Regingsed, 33.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. r)23

Rcgnald, 102, 106.

024 li.—INUKX <iF MONKYliUS.

Srifrril. 'Z'i, 25. Sre nhn SefnJS.

Snitwiiu", •/'»". AVfl nl»o Ccutwiuc.

S<M)lfa or Sy..lcH, 2()1, 2-17.

ScrcloiiiM, 2t)l.

Hirtino, 2t7.

Sotmim, -I'il. Sfic SwcHiimn.

8owiiu>, 201. See Saswine.

Soxbyrlit, 164.

Simlcinaii, \2'3, 138. Sue also SiJe-

iimn.

Sibil, 2()1.

Sibcfxla, Sil)oda, or Sibodf, 20i, 247.

S'-e also Sigboda.

Sibriht, 247.

Sibwiiio, 201, 228, 247.

SibMue, 201,228.

Sidemau, 123. 138, 1G4, 173, 201, 332,

438, 439. See aho Sedeman and

Siademan.

Sidewinc or Sidwine, 201, 232, 247.

SiefercS, 14.3,152.

Siegrcd, 143.

Siestef, 33, 57. See also Sigestef.

Siewinc, 332, 359. Ses also Sajwine.

Sift-rt, 143, 1.55.

SiferS. 164, 187.

Sigar, Sigares, Sigear, Sigeares, or

Sihares, 102, 123, 138, 143, 152. 247,

297.

Sigboda or Sigebode, 247, 332, 428.

See also Siboda.

Sigear or Sigeares, 123, 247. See also

Sigar.

Sigeber«, 12.3.

Sigebran.l, 84, 92, 102, IIS.

Sigi-drall, 102.

SigLftrT>, 84, 92, 102, 109, 2()1.

Sigcherc, 22, 25.

Sigeland, 102.

Sigeric, 201, 236.

Sigesti f or Siestef, 1, 33, 56, 57.

Sigeulfor Sigeluf, 201.

Sigetiuald, 3:!, 71.

Sigewiiic, 201.

Sigewulf, 102.

Sigfoldes, 102.

Sigod, 332, 341, 342. 400. 461.

Sigodia, 247, 297.

Sigot, 84, 92.

Sigwold. 123.

Sibares, 102. See Sigar.

Sililodil, 201.

Silac, 332, 374.

Simun, 33, 74.

Sino«, 247.

Siolf, 201.

Sipoda, 247. See Siboda.

Sirjcnd. 247, 284.

Sired or Siredd, 201, 247, 271, 332,347,

411,418.

Siric, 20i, 247, 288.

Siuard or Siuerd, 102, 107.

Siwaldor Siwoltl, 20i.

Siwerd, 321.

Siwold, 201.

SitSwine, 201. See Sidwine.

Smala, 102, 121.

I

Smerel, 123.

Smertcali, 143

j

SnEcbeorn, Snseborn, Sueaborn, Snea-

burn, Siiebearn, Snebeom, or Sne-

! born, 332, 366, 367, 368, 370, 460, 463.

Snsewine, Sneawine, or Suewine. 247,

832.

Sneabom or Sneaburn, 332, 366. See

also Snsebeom.

Snebeam, Suebeorii, or Sneboru, 332,

367, 368, 370, 460. See also Suae-

beorn.

SiiecoU, 247.

Sneil, 303.

Snel or Snell, 102, 118, 247, 303, 321.

Sneling, 201, 247.

Snewine, 332. See aha Sn^wine.

Snolf, 201.

Snoter, 332, 429.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 525

Soemud, 201.

Sota, 102, 119, 247.

Spot, 2i7, 280, 332, 341. See also Swot.

Spracelinc, Spraceling, Spraecaling, or

Spragelinc, 332, 408, 449, 451, 453,

460, 473.

Spraecaling, 332, 450. See also Sprace-

linc.

Spraful, 247, 207.

Spragelinc, 332, 408. See also Sprace-

linc.

Spronene, 102.

Sprot, 332. See Spot.

Sprouiild, S4.

Stcengrim or Steingriin, 247, 271.

Staner, 247.

Staniiiajr, 247, 332, 351.

Stear, S4.

Stefanu.-f, 33, 75, 102.

Stefhan, 123.

Stegeubit, 201, 222.

Stegenciel, 201.

Steiugrim, 247. See Staengrim.

Steland, 102.

Steorccr, 201. See also Stircer, &c.

Stewer, 305.

Si ire, 247. See Stircar.

Stircar or Stircer, 201, 247, 2G3.

Stirceore, 303.

Stircer, 201, 247. See also Stircar and

Steorcer.

Stircol or Styrcol, 201, 247, 265, 266,

303, 332, 360, 364, 365.

Sti«ulf, 247, 284.

Styrcar, 164, 201. Ste Steorcer,

Stircer, &c.

Styrcol, 247, 266, 332, 364. See aUo

Stircol.

Styrgar, 101.

Suartcol, :3ir. See also Swartcol.

Sueman, 460, 469.

Suetinc, 247. Sre also Swetinc.

Suince, 143.

Suinolf, 247.

Sumerled, Sumerleda, Sumerle^a,

Sumerlida, Sumerluda, or Sumerly(],

201, 215, 240, 247, 278, 279, 303,

333, 455, 456.

Sumerlr, 303.

Sumerluda, 333. See Sumerleda.

Sumerlyd, 303. See Sumerled.

Sumred, 455. See Sumerled.

Sundeid, 303.

Sunegod, 201, 247, 278.

Sunolf, 201, 247, 266.

Sunrdde, 303.

Sunulf, 201.

Surclos, 191.

Sumlos, 191.

Surtiiic or Syrtinc, 247, 266. 267. See

also Swartinc.

Sutere, 460, 463.

Swafa, 247, 303, 312, 333.

Swan, 247, 286.

Swarafuc or Swerafuc, 247.

Swarcolf, 333, 432.

Swart, Sweart, Swearta, or Swcrt, 201,

247, 280, 293, 303, 321, 333.

Swartafa or Swertafa, 247.

Swartcol, Sweartcol, or Swertcol , 20i

,

333, 364, 365, 367, 369, 370, 390,

460, 464.

Swartebrand or Swartefrand, 303.

Swartgar or Sweartcar, 201, 233.

I

Swartic, Swartinc, Swcartinc, Swertinc,

! or Swyrtinc, 201, 231, 247, 277, 280,

303, 312, 321, 333, 353.

, Swatic, 333, 352.

I

Swearling, 460, 473. SeeaigoSwearfing.

Sweart, 333. See also Swart.

Swearta, 247, 280. See aho Swart.

Sweartabrand or Swertebrand, 247,

280, 303.

Sweartcar, 201. See Swartgar.

Sweartcol, 333, 370, 390, 460, 464. See

also Swartcol.

r>2(» II.—INUKX nV MONKYKIJS.

Swciirliiu'. '^47,UH(). .SVc nho Hwarlinc.

Swc.irtinK or Swciirtliiip, HHiJ, 'irnJ,

H>0, 471, I7;t. 171. Net; aUo Hwoiirl-

inp.

Swcflu-anl <'T Swinunl, 1, <">, 7.

Swogon. '201, li-Jl, '217, 277, :UW, ;{09.

•MO.

Swegn, H33.

Swomiin, -PiO. See Swetinan.

Swoiio, 247.

Swcnccl, 247.

Swi'MC, i.

Svvcrafuc, 247. See also Swarafuc.

Swerlinc, 143.

Swert, 20i, 247, 293, 303, 321, 333.

Si-e oho Swart and Swcarta.

SwcrUfn, '247. See Swartafa.

Swcrtcol, 201, 333, 364. See Swartcol.

Swertcbrand, 247, 280, 303. See

Sweartabrand.

Swcrtinc or Swyrtinc, 201, 231, 247,

280, 3U3, 321, 333, 353. See also

Swartinc.

Swcrting, 143. See also Sweartiug.

Swet or Sweta, 247.

Swetinc, 201, 228, 247. See aha

8uctinc.

Swctuian, 201, 333, 404, 411, 415, 416,

421,434,400,465,469,472.

Swetric, 333, 417, 422, 442.

Swetya, 201.

Swc«au, 333.

Swiloman or Swilman, 201, 238, 247,

299, 303, 333.

Swot, Swota, or Swote, 247, 257, 280,

303, 321, 333, 341. See also Spot.

Swotric, 333.

Swmculf, 304.

Swreliuc, 247.

SwTiiiit, 247.

SwyrcUnc, 191.

Swyrling, 201, 241.

Swvrtiuc. 201, 231. .SVc aho 6wcrtinc.

Hylxida, 2-17. Si'i; 8igl)0da.

Sydfiiiiiii, 11)4. Srr. Sedcmaii,

Syoloa, 201. Si-c, Hcolca.

Byrtinc, 247. See Hurtinc.

T.

Tata, 3.3, .57.

Telia, 123.

Tidbald, 33, 50.

Tideman, 1.

Tidgar or Ti.lgcr, 102, 109, 110.

Tidrcd, 247, 333.

Tila, 84, 93, 96, 102.

Tilefein, 33, 57.

Tileuino, Tilcuuiiic, or Tiluuine, 1, G,

33, 50, 51, 75.

Tileuoie, 33, 75.

Timbearht, 1, 6.

Tiotes or Totes, 102.

Tiruald or Tirueald, 9, 19, 33, 40,

75.

Ti«bearht, 1.

Toca, Toga, or Tooca, 201, 212, 229,

247, 260, 266.

Toci, 321.

Toga, 201, 212, 229. See also Toca.

Tolsi, 333.

Tooca, 247, 266. See also Toca.

Torhthelm, 84, 102.

Torbtmund, 22, 25, 26, 27, 31, 33, 58.

Torhtulf, 9. 19, 5i, 22, 25.

Torbtwald, 9, 15.

Totes, 102. See also Tiotes.

Trotan, 247, 277.

Tuda, S4.

Tuma, 164, 109.

Tummo, 201, 215.

Tuna, 201, 213.

Tuneman, 201.

Timulf, 191, 201, 210.

Turstan, 102, 120. See also J?ui8tan.

Tyloadrcx, 143.152.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 527

U.

Uceade, Ucede, ami Uccdce, 247, 269,

304, 310.

Udfe, 333.

Uermund, 9, 19, 22, 25.

Uhitred, 333, 404.

Uigbald or Uuigbidd, 33, 16.

Uilitmund, 22, 2G.

Uilfred, 84.

Uilhemt, 201.

Uillaf, 84.

Uilno«, 22, 26. See also UinoS.

Uinas, 201. See Winas.

Uino«, 22, 26.

Ulanccard, 22, 26.

Ulf, Ulfe, or UlflF, 84, 123, 124, 201, 247,

278, 333, 391, 392, 394, 395, 396.

Ulfbeorn, 247.

Ulfcetel or Ulfcytel, 201, 215, 222, 223,

247, 321, 333, 341, 360, 365, 366,

367, 369, 370, 382, 460, 464.

Ulfcil or Ulftil, 304, 333, 364, 366,

369. See also Ulfcetel.

Ulfcytel. See Ulfcetel.

Ulfe or Ulff. See Ulf.

Ulfgrim or Wulfgrim, 201, 202, 217.

Ulfhi, 201.

Ulftil, 304. See Ulfcil.

Ulgebert, 123.

UmerS, 247.

Unbegn, 201, 222.

Unbein, 143, l.")5, ICI, 181, 201, 223.

See aluo Unbegn and Iluuboiu.

Unolf, 3.33, 360.

Unswac, 201.

Uri, 201, 214.

Urlewine, 333, 340.

Urstan, 460. See purstiin.

Ustinan, 247.

Utti, .3.33.

Uuiorin (Wariu ?), l.">6, 1(52.

Uualdfrc?;, 113, l;V2.

Uualeman, 84, 93.

Uuarin or Warin, 143, 152. See also

Uuajrin.

Uuariner, 84, 93.

Uuealdheard or Uuelbeard, 9, 14, 20.

Uuealdhelm, 84, 93, 102, 119.

Uuefred, 84.

Uuelheard, 9, 20. See also Uuealdheard.

Uuelmlieard, 9, 20.

Uuerstan, 143, 152.

UuiferS or Wiferd, 164, 184.

Uuigbald, 33, 76. See aha Uigbald.

Uuihtes or Uuihtseg, 123, 138.

Uuilaf, 123, 138, 143, 152. See also

Uillaf.

Uuildaf, 143.

Uuilebert, 143.

Uuilfrctl, 143, 155.

Uuilheah, 9, 14, 16, 19. See also

Willieal).

Uuillaf or Uuilluf, 84, 102, 119. See

also Uuilaf.

Uuilric, 102.

Uuilsig or Wilsig, 156, 164, 190.

Uuine, 27, 31, 33, 76.

Uuinctin, 143.

Uuinier or Uuiniger, 33, 76.

Uuitelm, 123.

Uulfard or Uulfeard, 26, 33, 57, 84, 93.

See also Uulfheard.

Uulfgar, 84, 99, 102, 109, 1 10. See also

Wulfgar.

Uulfheard, 22, 26, 84, 93, 100, 102,

115, 119.

Uulfman, 103. See Wulfman.

Uulfrcd or UulfrcS, 33, 77, 80, 84, 94,

96, 191. See also Wulfred.

Uulfsig or Uulfsige, 84, 102, 120. See

also Wulfrfig.

Uulfstun, 102, l(t9, 110, ll!t, 123,138,

143, 153. See also Wiilfstun.

Uulgar, 191.

Ihilgiat, ^7.

528 II. INDKX OF MONKVKHS.

rnlmiiiKl, •J(ll. Sir ohn Wilmund.

Uimt" iirlil.22, '2<i. Sn nho l'jiili<»rlit.

lIiijiilxTliI or Wuihrrl.l, :i3, 78, 81,

8l,;il.'.>7.

Uiiymlm, lO.'l. IH.

rti\ii«iK<', 1(>:', 11"-'. 1-^ l-'iS. Sec aho

Wvii.-^ijje.

Uyi.li.ftiht or Uyiibirhl, 22, 2f;, Si, !»!.

IS,, aho Uuynburht ami Wyuliurht.

U«tlric, 103. See also 0«clric.

W.Wiicir, I'Jt.

Wadlos or Wa«los, 247, 304.

Wffidcl or Wicdell, 247, 304, 307, 321,

333, 331).

Wrelgist, Waleist, or Welgist, 201, 240,

247.

WicH8«, 201.

Wrolricfen, Wsolrefun, Walrsoffen, or

"Walrafin, 247, 304, 333.

Wuleist, 2()1. S>e Wiulgist.

Wultt t, 304.

Walrjvffen, 217. See Wielrajfeii.

Walrafen, 333. See Waslrajfuu.

Walter or Walterc, 84, 94, 143.

Waltfor«, 201, 217.

Wamnnca, 304.

Wanstaii, 201. See Wunstan.

Ware, 247, 262.

"NVarimer, S4.

Warin or Uuariu, 143, 152. See aho

Uiiarin.

Wariiigod, 123.

Warn, 123, 138.

Watiiman or Watcman, 247, 460. See

aho Ilwataniau.

WaMoe, 304. See Wadlos.

Wcidts, 247, 281.

Wedcl, 304. See Wa^del.

WwUes, 247. See Wadlos.

Wcdloe, 247. See Wadlos and Wedles.

Weineali, 9.

Welgist, 201, 240. See aim Wrclgist.

Wcliihcrlit, 103.

VVelric, 201.

W( Isit, 2-17.

Wengos, 201. See Wincg<j8.

Wensigc, 201.

Werheard, 1, 7.

Wcrlaf, 123, 140.

Wcrtiric, .304. See aho Swertinc.

Wesig, 247.

White, 123.

Wiard, 3.?, 103, 121.

Wibearn, 333, 375.

Wiping, 333, 358, 440.

Wida, 448. See Widia.

Widfara, 304, 310.

Widia or Widica, 247, 304, 333, 446,

447, 448. S,:e aho Wudia au<l Wydia.

Widig or Widige, 301, 318.

Widua, 247, 293.

Widred, 333, 456.

Wiferd, 164.

Wigard, Wigeard, Wighard, or Wig-

heard, 84, 123, 139.

Wigcro«, 143.

WigferS, 191.

Wighard Or Wigheard, 84, 123.

Wigniier, 55.9.

AVihred, 247. See Winred.

Wihtemund, 103.

Wihtsige or Wihtsie, 164, 191, 196,

201, 247, 297. See aho Wyusige.

WiliBgrip or Wilgrip, 333, 3S0.

Wilerif, 333, 432.

Wilebald, 103.

Wilebeart, 191, 193.

Wilebert, 156.

Wilcric, 555.

Wilfrid, 333, 380.

Wilgrid, 555.

Wilgrim, 304.

Wilgrip, 333, 380. See aho Wiliegrip

Willicab, 9. 19. S-e aho ruilhcab.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 529

Wilinc, 2i7.

Wilmund, 201.

Wilne, 103.

Wilno«, 22.

Wilsig, 156, 164. See also Uuilsig.

Wiltraud, 333, 380.

Wimuud, 103.

Win or Wiun, 202.

Winas, 202, 217. See also Winus.

Windecild, 333.

Windig, 321. See also Winedajig.

Wine or Winne, 1G4, 187, 191, 194,

19G, 202, 247, 298, 460.

Winean, 247.

Winedajig, Winedeig, or Wiuedig, 247,

258, 304.

Winegear, 84.

Winegod, 247.

Wincgos or Wynegos, 202. See also

Wengos.

Winele, 103, 119.

Wineman, 248, 300, 333.

Winemes, 164.

Winenr, 164, 184.

Winn, 202. See Win.

Winne, 247, 460. See also Wine.

Winred or Wynred, 248, 258. 304. ,

Winsan, 218. See Winstan.

Winsi, 248.

Wiusige, 202. See Wynsige.

Winstan, 248, 291, 304, 333, 353. See

also Wunstan and Wynstan.

Winterfugel or Winterfuhel, 333, 364,

365.

Winterleda, 202.

Wintrcd, 333, 454.

Winuc, 123, 139, 143, 153.

Winus, 247, 248, 260, 333, 443, 460,

473. See also Winas.

Wircma, 333, 402.

Wirim, 164, 170.

Wirinc, 333, 384.

Wiryn, 333, 388.

Witil, 103.

Witlos, 304. See Wadlos.

Wi«ering, 304, 310. See also Wi«ir-

winue.

WiSerwinne, 321.

WiSirwinne, 304, 309. -See also

WiSering.

Wi«rin or Wi«rinc, 248, 266.

Wlac^egen or WlancSegn, 248.

Wode, 164.

Wororie, 304, 313.

Wraca, 321.

Wudeman, 333, 427.

Wudia, 248, 304, 317, 321, 328. See

also Widia.

Wulbeom, Wulbern, or Wulborn, 202,

248, 281, 298, 304, 313, 321, 333,

395, 396. See also Wulfbeorn.

Wulceet, 304. See Wulfget.

Wulcred, 333, 402, 404, 408.

Wuldar, 333.

Wuldric, 333, 350.

Wulenno«, 333, 387. See also Wulfno«.

Wulerine, 304.

Wulf, 202, 333, 393.

Wulfah, 202.

Wulfbald, 143, 164.

Wulfbeorn or Wulfbern, 202, 248. See

also Wulbeom.

Wulfcetl, 333.

Wulfci, 248, 260.

Wulfeh, 248, 304, 321.

Wulfolm, 202, 216, 248, 270.

Wulferd, 248.

Wulffine, 304. See Wulfwine.

Wulfgar or Wulgar, 1, 123, 139, 143,

153, 156, 164, 173, 191, 196, 202,

219, 248, 287, 304, 313, 333, 356,

393, 396, 412, 413, 415, 416, 460,

469. See also Uulfgar and Uulgar.

Wulfgut, Wulfgcat, Wulfget, or Wulf-

git, 202, 24S, 304, 316, 333, 373, 430,

460, 465.

2 M

.at) ,1 —INDKX OF MCXN'HVKUS.

WiilfK'.r, UJ. .S" Wiill^'.ir.

WnlfK-riin, i/»'i?. ^*"• I ir^'rim.

Wiiinulm. 10:{, 111, lli:'., i:W, 2trJ. See

aliut Wulfi'lin.

Wiilli. 4H0. Sre Wulfwi.

W.illnmr. m, 191, 194, 202, 21G.

•J'j:., li'JG, 2 IS, 21)1, 333, 400. See

(i/)Mi Wiiliniur.

Wiilfiimn or Uulfiuiin, 103.

WiilfiioS or \Vuliio«, 202. 212, 233,

210, 218, 2(iU, 209, 271, 27G, 298,

299, ;$0l, 308, 321, 327, 333, 379,

387, 432. See also Wulenno*.

Wiilford, 'J02. See Wulfred.

AVulfmnl, 333.

Wulfred, 164, 191, 202, 248, 287, 291,

304, 321, 333, 339, 34.5, 397, 408,

413, 460. See aho Uulfred.

^Vulfric, 123, 164, 202, 222, 225, 237,

248, 281, 282, 301, 304, 333, 348,

349, 350, 378, 387, 395, 396, 402,

413,423, 426,430.

Wtilfryd, 2<>2, 24S. See WulfreJ.

Wulfsi, 24S, 416, 420.

Wulfsig, Wulfsige, Wulsig, orWulsige,

202, 214, 216, 248, 271, 273, 304,

321, 3;J3, 397, 402, 405, 416, 420

457. S-e also Uulfsig.

Wulfstau, Wulfstin, or Wulstan, 102,

109, 104, 190, 191, 196, 202, 225,

229, 230, 234, 239, 248, 257, 258,

261. 262, 267, 276, 304, 311, 333,

346. 355. See also Uulfstan.

Willful f. 333.

Wulfward, 333, 355, 374, 416, 460, 463,

469.

Wulfwcrd. 24S, 304, 333, 373.

Wulfwi, 202, 211. 304, 321, 333, a41,

4iJ. ir.O, 462, 465.

Wulfwie. 304.

Wulfwig or Wulwig, 202, 24S, 333,

373, 382.

Wiilfwino, Wullfwiuf, or Wulwinc, 202,

224, 227, 229, 230, 237, 248, 257,

259, 279, 281, 286, 304, 308, 312.

313, 321, 333, 347, 350, 351, 359,

381, 382, 386, 402, 405, 408, 412,

413,422,438,458,459.

Wulfwurd, 355. See Wulfward.

Wul,i,'nr or Wulgarcs, 1, 143, 153, 1C4,

173, 191, 196, 287, 304, 313, 333,

356, 393, 396, 412, 413, 416, 460,

469. See also Wulfgar.

Wulget, 333, 430. See also Wulfget.

Wulhed, 333, 423.

Wullaf or Wyllaf, 202.

WuUfwiac, 304. See Wulfwine.

Wulmajr, "Wulmar, or Wulmer, 202,

248, 289, 333, 357, 358, 424, 427,

428, 460, 467, 470. See also Wulfmtcr.

Wulmiod, 248, 282.

Wuln-,i«, 2iS, 333, 387. See also

WulfnoS and WulnoS.

Wulno«, 248, 266, 269, 271, 276, 298,

299, 304, 308, 321, 327, 333, 379,

432. See also WulfnoS.

W^ulred, 333. See Wulfred.

Wulsi or Wulsie, 304, 333, 372, 402.

W^ilsiceod, 821.

W' ulsig or Wulsige, 248, 273, 304, 321,

333, 397, 402, 405, 457. See also

Wulfsig.

Wulstan, 164, 191, 196, 202, 234, 248,

257, 258, 262, 267, 276, 304, 311,

333, 346, 355. See also Wiilfstan.

W^ilward, 304. See also Wulfward.

Wulwi, 24S, 304, 333. See aho Wulfwi.

Wulwig, 804, 333, 373. See also

Wulfwig.

Wulwine, 248, 257, 304, 308, 312, 821,

333, 402. See also W^ulfwine.

Wunsi, 24S. See Wynsi.

Wunsigc, 274, 304, 315. See also

Wynsigo.

Wuustau, 164, 175, 202, 239. Ste ul^

Wjustau.

II.—INDEX OF MONEYERS. 531

Wurfurd, 333, 456.

Wurreb, 333, 402.

WuwerJ, 321.

Wydecoc, 333.

Wydia, 304. See Widia.

Wyllaf, 202. See Wullaf.

Wyltsig, 103, 120.

Wyuberht, 33, 78, 81, 84, 97. See also

Uuynbearlit and Uynberht.

Wyacgos, 202. See Winegos.

Wynhclm, AVynnehelm, or AVyimelm,

123, 139, 143.

Wynred, 24S. See Winred.

Wynsi or Wynsie, 24S, 304.

Wynsig or Wynsige, 164, 175, 191, 196,

202, 214, 248, 274, 285, 287, 304.

See also Wihtsigo.

Wynsige and Wamanea, 304.

Wynstan, 164, 175, 202, 239, 248, 285,

333, 446. See also AVinstan and

Wunstan.

Wynwid, 248.

V-pcalda, 304.

pcgotiwine, 248, 262, 321.

peodberht, 143.

pendgar, 164, 170, 101, 202.

pcodgcld or peodgyld, 202.

peodmasr, 143, 153.

peo<lred, 143, 202, 216, '2-1% 460,

466.

JXiodric, 333, 436.

pcodulf, 123, 139, 143, 154.

pcoriocS or poreiS, 243.

porman, 24% 304.

pcrmod, 123, 140.

pernion, 460, 470.

pincrn, 164.

pi«ulf, 202.

por or p(jrr, 333, 361, 362, 364, 363,

366, 367, 369, 370 402.

porald, 202.

porcetel or porctel, 202, 248, 321, 333.

See also purcetel.

porcil, 333. See Porcetel.

porcl, 202. See porcetel.

porctel, 333. See porcetel and porcil.

pore*, 24S. See peoraj*.

purfer« or porford, 333, 419.

porgrim, 202.

porr. See por.

porsige, 202.

porstteu or porstan, 202, 216, 321,

333, 419. See also purstau.

porulf, 202. See purulf.

preodred or preo«red, 333, 378.

pudinei, 304.

punstan, 248. See Dunstan.

purcetel or pureetl, 202, 236, 248, 304,

333. See also porcetel.

purcil or purecil, 24S, 321, 333, 441,

442, 443, 460.

purefer«, 24S. See piirfcrS.

purestan, 248. See purstan.

purferd or purferS, 143, 156, 161, 187,

248.

purfurS or puruerS, 333, 419.

purgod, 2U2, 248, 261, 460, 474.

purgrim, punigriin, or puriiu, 248, 269,

304, 310, 321, 333, 362, 393, 420.

purini, 248, 269. See also purgrim.

purimod, 172. See purniud.

purlac, 84, 103.

punuod, 143, 154, 136, 164, 172, 187,

1!)0.

purngiim, 333. See also purgrim.

purrim or purrin, 333, 360.

Purstan or purstann, 103, 120, 164,

202, 215, 248, 294, 304, 321, 333,

420, 436, 460, 469. See also porstan.

puruer«, 333, 419.

purulf, 143, lot, 156, 158, 202, 24S

294, 304, 333.

pustau, 294. See purstuu.

2 .M 2

( r,;d2 )

TII.-INDEX OF TYPES.

7X, It, 10, 12, a6.

A. (jJ. (monojrraiu), 2.

A. CO., ilivitlcd by hand of Providcuce,

U)2, 20;{, 204.

Agnus Doi, 207, 208.

Annulet in centre of ehort cross voided,

305.

Annulet in centre of short cross voided

;

limbs terminating in three cresceuts,

33G.

Annulet in each angle of long cross

voided ; limbs terminating in three

crescents, 252.

Annulet in each angle of short cross

voided, 253, 322.

Annulet, broken, or crescents, in each

angle of short cross voided, 253,

322.

BAB in one line, 84.

BAt^ und monevers name in two lines,

37.

Bird with branch, 80.

Building or church, 8G, 103.

c.

CANT (monogram), 9.

Christian monogram, 10.

Christian temple, fayade of, 27.

Church or building, 27, 86, 103.

Circle in centre of short cross voided,

253, 254, 305, 322, 323.

Circle, segment of, at ends of short

cross voided, 337.

Circles, two, and cross voided, dividing

moneycr'a name, 8G.

CNVT on limbs of cross, 3G.

Crescent or broken annulet in each

angle of short cross voided, 253,

322.

Crescents, two, in angles of long cross

voided, 207.

Crescents, four, around pellet, 2.

Crescents, four, enclosing cross patte'e,

5.

Cross, on limbs CNVT, 3G.

Cross, king's name and trefoil slipped

in each angle, 34.

Cross of four ovals, 255, 304, 321.

Cross of pellets, 123.

Cross on which moneyer's name, &c.,

12, 21, 22.

Cross over cross pommee, 12.

Cross, sideways, dividing moneyer's

name, 37.

Cross, two limbs cross crosslet, two

patte's, 12.

Cross, two limbs moline, two pattes,

2, 11, 13.

Cross, five limbs patte's, 4.

Cross, six limbs patte's, 4.

Cross crosslet, 2, 3, 11, 12, 104, 105,

124.

III.—INDEX OF TYPES. 533

Cross crosslet, pellet in each angle, 27.

Cross floriated with leaf in each angle,

22.

Cross moline, 12.

Cross moliiie within lozenge, 34.

Cross moline over cross pommee,

forming rose, 86.

Cross pattee, 3, 4, 5, 35, 3G, 37, 84, 85,

86, 103, 104, 123, 124, 143, 156, 157,

165, 166, 167, 192, 202, 203, 206, 208,

248, 250, 322, 334, 337, 338.

Cross pattee over cross pattee, 10, 11,

12, 13.

Cross pattee over cross pomrade, 11.

Cross patte'e within cross pattee, and

three pellets, 167.

Cross pattee within four crescents, 5.

Cross patte'e witliin four crosses

patte'es, 167, 203.

Cross patte'e within four pellets, 103.

Cross patte'e within lozenge, from each

corner of which issues beaded

straight line, 34.

Cross pattee, CYNT in angles, 9.

Cross patte'e, pellet in each angle, 10,

11,27.

Cross pattee, wedge in each angle, 3.

Cross pattee, voided, 103.

Cross pommee on cross, 12.

Cross ponimco on cross patte'e, 11.

Cross pommee over cross moline, form-

ing rose, 86.

Cross potent, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11.

Cross voided between two circles,

dividing moneyer's name, 86.

Cross voided, long, CRVX in angles,

206.

Cross voidoi), long, PACX in angles,

305, 335.

Cross voided, long, flcur-ile-lis in caeli

angle, 306, 324.

Cross voided, long, fleurs-de-lis and

trefoil in angles, .'506.

Cross voided, long, trefoil in each

angle, 306.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in one crescent, PACX in angles,

323, 335.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents, 205, 206, 249,

251, 336.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents, PACX in angles,

252.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents, annulet in each

angle, 252.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents, crescents in two

angles, 207.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents and bisecting

ornamented square, 207, 249.

Cross voided, long, on quatrefoil, limbs

terminating in three crescents, 249,

250, 251, 252.

Cross voided, short, 337.

Cross voided, sliort, annulet in centre,

305.

Cross voided, short, circle in centre,

253, 254, 305, 322, 323.

Cross voided, short, pellet in centre

254, 334.

Cross voided, sliort, CRVX in angles,

205, 322.

Cross voided, sliort, PA EX in angles,

323, 335.

Cross voided, short, annulet in each

angle, 253, 322.

Cross voided, short, broken annulet

or crescent in eacli angle, 253, 322.

Cross voided, short, martlet in each

angle, 336, 337.

Cross voided, sliort, pyramid in each

angle, 338.

Cross voided, sliort, on wliirli (juadri-

534 III.— INDEX OF TYl'KH.

l.itoriil onmm.iit, 2J4, 255, 305, 321,

3:t|, .'Ct.V

CroH-t voiiliil, mIioiI, liiiit<H cxitaiiding,

330.

Crosfl voi(l(<l, hlinrt, liinI)B expanding,

cri)HH jinttco ill encli anRlc, 3.")(j.

Cro88 void) (1, eliort, liiults terminating

in segment of circle, 337.

Croaa voided, short, limbs terminating

in tiirco crescents, annulet in centre,

336.

Cross voided, sliort, limbs terminating

in three crescents, jiyramid in each

an'^'le, 330.

CRVX ill angles of long cross voided,

'JOti.

CRVX in angles of short cross voided,

205, 322.

CVNT in angles of cross pattec, 9.

DOR IB or D0RIB1,9.

DOROB. C. (monogram), 1, 2.

Dove, 207.

Dovo and olive-branch, SG.

E.

EXA (Kxance.ister) in pale, 37.

Figures, tsvo, seated, 34.

Fleurs-de-lis in angles of long cross

voided, 306, 324.

Fieurs-de-lis and trefoil in angles of

long cross voided, 306.

Floml ornament surmounting or

dividing moneyer's name, 86.

Floriato stem with two branches en-

closing moneyer's name, 143.

Florintetl cross, leaf in eacii angle, 22.

Flower and roso-branch above and

l)olow moneyer's name, 124.

Four crosses pattees around central

one, 167, 203.

G.

GLEAPA (Gleawaceaster), divided by

T, 37.

Hand of Providence, 86, 204.

Hand of Providence giving benedic-

tion, 204.

Hand of Providence^betwcen A iCJ,

192, 203, 204.

Hand of Providence between Cx) A,

204.

E.

King seated on throne, 337.

King's name and mint (Orsnaforda) in

three lines, 36, 37.

King's name in four lines, 37, 84.

LiNCOLLA divided by moneyer's

name, 35.

Lincoln, monogram of, 35.

London, monogram of, 35 ; between

moneyer's name, 35.

Long cross voided. See Cross voided,

long.

Lozenge, witliin which cross patte'e

;

beaded line issuing from each angle

of lozenge, 34.

M.Martlet in each angle of short cross

voided, 336, 337.

Til— INDEX OF TYPES. 535

Mint name (BA-D), in one line, 84.

Mint name (BA-D), and moneyer's

name in two lines, ?>7,

Mint name dividing moneyer's name,

157, IGG.

Mint names in pule (EXA. and PIN.),

37.

Mint and king's names in three lines,

3(3, 37.

Moneyer's name across field, 85.

Moneyer's name between two lines, 85,

157.

Moneyer's name between rose-branch

and flowi-r, 124.

Moneyer's name between tw'o stars, 85.

Moneyer's name divided by cross,

sideways, 37.

Moneyer's name divided by floriate

stem, 143.

Moneyer's name divided by ornament,

&c., 157.

Moneyer's name divided by saltire,

85.

Moneyer's name, divided or sur-

mounted by floral ornament, 86.

Moneyer's name, &c., in two lines

across field, 36, 37, 84, 85, 86, 10.3,

104, 123, 124, 143, 156, 157, 165,

166.

Moneyer's name in two lines across field

and divided by mint name, 157, 166.

Moneyer's name in three lines across

field, 27, 33.

Moneyer's name in four lines across

field, &c., 27.

Moneyer's name on limbs and between

angles of cross, 12, 21, 22.

Moneyer's name within and without

leaves of qnatrefoil, «&c., .'i3, 31.

Moneyer's name and mint ' BA&) in

two lines, 37.

Monograms. A. (jO., 2.

„ CANT, r>.

Monograms, Christian, 10.

DORIBor DORIBI.O.

DOROB. C, 1, 2.

„ of Lincoln, 35.

„ of London, 35.

„ of Roiseng, 36.

„ r A (SAX), rx

SAX, ').

SAXON, 5.

SAXONV, 10.

o.

OCCIDENTALIVM around SAXON-lORVM la three lines, 10.

Olive-branch held by Dove, 86.

Ornament dividing moneyer's name,

157.

ORSNAFORDA in two lines divided

by king's name, 36, 37.

Ovals four, forming cross, 255, 304,

321.

PACX in angles of long cross voided,

305.

PACX in angles of long cross voided,

limbs terminating in one crescent,

323, 335.

PA EX in angles of long cross voided,

limbs terminating in three crescents,

252.

PA EX in angles of .short cross, voided,

323, 335.

PAX across field, 339, 461.

Pellet in centre of short cross voided,

254, 334.

Pelkts, throe, and cross pattc'e around

central cross patU'c, 167.

Providence, hand of, 86, 204.

Providence, hand of, giving benedic-

tion, 204.

n-'jo III.—INDEX OF TYPES.

rri)viilf'nco, hand of, lu-twrrn A Ci),

11)2, 'JO:i, 201

Pn»vi(k'no<', Imnd of, between Ci) A,

204.

ryminid in each angle of short cross

vuid.'d, X\S.

I'yniniid in (^ch angle of short cross

voided, limbs terminating in tlirce

crescents, .^39.

Q.

Quadrilateral ornament on short cross

voided, 254, 255, 305, 321, 334, 335.

(Juatrefoil with moneyer's name within,

34.

Quatrcfoil with moneyer's name within

and without, 33.

Quatrefoil within long cross voided,

limbs terminating in three crescents,

249, 250, 251, 252.

R.

Roiseng, monogram of, 36.

Rose formed of cross pommee over

cross moline, SG.

llose-brancli and flower above and

below moneyer's name, 124.

Rosette, 85, 104, 124, 143, 166.

S.

TA (SAX), monogram of, 5.

St. Andrew, coinage of, 7.

St. Eadmund, coinage of, 36.

Saltire dividing moneyer's name, 85.

SAX V (monogram), 5.

SAXON ^ni(inogram), 5.

SAXON lORVM in three lines, 5, 10.

SAXON lORVM in three lines, around

OCCIDENTALIVM. 10.

SAXONV (monogram), 10.

Sliurtrro.HH voided. See Cross voided,

short.

Solidus type on coin of iElfred, 34.

Sovereign type of Edward Conf., 337.

iSquare, ornamented, bisc cted by long

cross voided, limbs terminating in

three crescents, 207, 249.

Star, above and below moneyer's

name, 85.

Star of six points between two pellets,

103.

Star of six rays patte's, 11.

Star of eight rays patte's, 3.

Star of nine rays patte's, 3.

T.

T with limbs extended, dividing name

of mint, 37.

Temple, fai^ade of, 27.

Throne, on which king seated, 337.

Trefoil in each angle of long cross

voided, 306.

Trefoil ornament enclosing moneyer's

name, 143.

Trefoil, slipped, in each angle of cross,

34.

Tribrach, limbs fourchee, 3.

Tribrach moline, 3.

w.PIN (Wincoaster) in pale, 37.

^ (monogram), 4.

>^ (monogrim), 10.

U). A. divided by band of Providence,

204.

( 537 )

IV.—INDEX OF MINTS.*

* See General Index for historical notices, &c. of Mints.

Aylesbury (iEgk'slmrh), ^tlielrtudll.,

208 ; Cnut, 255 ; Edward Conf., 339.

Bardney (Bardanig), iEtholrred II.,

208 ; Cnut, 255.

Bath (Ba«an), iElfrcd, 38 ; Eadweard

the Elder, 87; ^thclstan, 105;

Eadgar, IGS; Eadweard II., 192;

iEthclrffid II., 209 ; Cnut, 256

;

Harold I., 307 ; Edward Conf., 339.

Bedford (Bedanford or Bedeford), Ead-

wig, 158; Eadgar, 1G8; Eadweard

II., 192 ; ^thelrred II., 209 ; Cnut,

25G : Harold I., 307 ; Edward Conf.,

341 ; Harold II., 461.

Bedwin (Bedewine), Edward Conf.,

342.

Berkeley (Beorclea), Edward Conf.,

342.

Brewton (Briutune), Cnut, 257.

Bristol (Bricgstow), Cnut, 257 ; Harold

I., 307 ; Edward Conf., 342 ; Harold

II., 461.

Buckingham (Buccingahain), yEthcl-

ricdll.,210.

Cadbury (Cadanburh), Cnut, 258.

Cambridge (Grantebrycgo), iEthelrosd

II., 218; Cnut, 271 ; Harold I., 310;

Edward Conf,, 374 ; Harold II., 465.

Canterbury (Crontwaraburh or Doro-

bernia), Ecgbeorht, 6; iEthelwulf,

13; iElfred, 38; iEthelstan, 106;

Eadgar, 1G8; Eadweard II., 193

iEtheirajd II., 210; Cnut, 258

Harold I., 308 ; Edward Conf., 343

Harold II., 462.

Castle Rising (Roiseng), ^Eifred, 54.

Chester (Leigeceaster), .^thelstan,

108; Eadmuud, 124; Eadgar, 171

^thelrfed II., 220; Cnut, 276

Harold I., 312 ; Edward Conf., 388

Harold II., 467.

Chichester (Ciseceastxe or Cicestrie),

.^thelriBd II., 211; Cnut, 258;

Harold I., 308 ; Edward Conf., 348 ;

Harold II., 462.

Colchester (Colcnccastrc), .^tliclraid

II., 211 ; Cnut, 259 ; Harold I., 308;

Edward Conf., 350; Harold II., 462.

Crewkcrne (Crucern), Cnut, 260.

Cricklade (Crecgclade or Crocgelade),

Cnut, 259 ; Edward Conf., 351.

Derby (Deoraby), ^Ethelstan, 105

Eadgar, 169; Eadweard II., 193

^Iholnod II., 212; Edward Conf.,

352; Harold II., 462.

Dereham (Dyrham), Edward Conf.,

356.

Dorchester (Dorceastre), Cnut, 261 ;

Edward Conf., 355.

Dorobernia. See Canterbury,

Dover (Dofcran), .ffitholrajd II.. 212;

Cnut, 260; Har.d.l I., 309; Edward

Conf., 3.53; Harold II., 463.

This IV.— INIiKX OF MIXTS,

Klulmundnhnrli. .->" M. Eaflmiinfls-

liiirv.

KlHtriKMiin or I'lofcrwir. Sec York.

Kxr(i'r(Kuxiiiu'('(i.Htrc, Exoccftstro, &c.),

A'AlWil 'IC; .'laii.lstnn, 100; Ead-

pir, IC!); .f:tli(lrm<l 11.. 2i:{ ; Cnut,

2t;i; Ilnn.l.l I., :J0!» ; Iliirtliacnut,

:{25; EdwftnU'oiif.,:!.-)?: Harold II.,

4«4.

Gooi^tiburh. See Jedburgh.

GiMcoastor. <St>« Ilchcster.

Giposwic. See Ipswicli.

Gloucester (Gleaweccaster), iElfied,

4G ; iEthcIstan, 108 ; iEtlielrti)d II.,

217; Cnut, 270; Hartliacnut, 325;

Edward Couf., 373 ; Harold II., 405.

Gmntebrycpc. See Cambridge,

(iuiliiford (Gildeforda or Guliieforda),

Hartliacnut, 325 ; Edward Conf.,

375 ; Harold II., 4G4.

Hamtune. Sre Southampton.

Hastings (Hii-stinga or Hestingport),

Cnut, 272; Harold I.. 311; EdwardConf., 370 ; Harold II., 400.

Hereford, iEthelstan, 108; ^thclrred

II., 219; Cnut, 273; Hartbaciiut,

325 ; Edward Conf., 380 ; Harold II.,

400.

Hertford (Heortford), Eadweard II.,

194; iEtlichiDd II.,218; Cnut, 273;

Edward Couf, 379.

Ilorndou (Ilorninduua), Edward Conf.,

382.

Huntingdou (Iluntandune), Eadwig,

159; Eadgar, 170; ^thelned II.,

219; Cnut, 274; Edward Conf.,

382; Harold II., 400.

Hythe (Uy^a), Cnut, 274; EdwardConf., 383.

IlchcBtcr (Gifclccastcr), iEthclrred II.,

210; Cnut, 209; Edward Conf., 371

;

Harold II.. 404.

Ip.swicli (fJipi'Swic), Eadweard II.,

193; iEtlielrjcdII.,217; Cnut,270;

Harold I., 310; Edward Couf., 371;

Harold II., 405.

.Jedburgh (GeoSaburh), .^thelrted II.,

216.

Lancaster (Landcaster), Cnut, 275.

Langport (Lancport or Longport),

^thelstan,112; Cnut, 275 ; Edward

Conf., 380.

Leicester (Leherccaster), Cnut, 275

;

Harold L, 311; Harthacnut, 320;

Edward Conf. 387; Harold U.,

467.

Leigeceaster. See Chester.

Lewes (Lsewes), Eadgar, 170 ; jEthel-

r.-ed II., 208, 219 ; Cnut, 274; Harold

I., 311 ; Edward Conf., 384; Harold

II., 466.

Lincoln (Lincolla or Lincolne), .Alfred,

40; Eadweard H., 194; iEtbel-

raed IL, 221 ; Cnut, 278; Harold L,

312; Harthacnut, 326; Edward

Conf., 391 ; Harold II., 467.

London (Londonia or Lundene), Al-

fred, 47; ^thelstan, 111 ; Eadraund,

125; Eadgar, 172; Eadweard IL,

195 ; ^Ethelraid IL, 223; Cnut. 281 ;

Harold L, 313; Harthacnut, 320;

Edward Conf., 397; Harold U., 468.

Longport. See Langport.

Lufl'wick (Luueic), Eadweard IL,

195.

Lydford (Lydanford), .Eltbelrred If.,

230.

Lymne (lamenc), Eadweard II., 194.

IV.—INDEX OF MINTS. 539

Maldon (Mffildune), ^Ithelrajd 11.,

230; Cnut, 287; Edward Conf., 417.

Malmesbury (Mealmesburh), Cnut, 288;

Edward Conf., 418.

Newark (Newe), Eadwig, 160.

Newport (Niweiwrto), Edward Conf.,

418.

Norwich (Nor<5wic), iEthelstan, 112;

Eadmund, 125 ; Eadrcd, 144 ; iEthel-

rajd II. 231 ; Cnut, 288 ; Harold I.,

315 ; Edward Conf., 418 ; Harold II.,

469.

Nottingham (Suotingaham), .a^tbel-

stan, 113; Cnut, 292; Harold I.,

316; Harthacnut, 327; Edward

Conf., 429 ; Harold II., 470.

Oxford (Orsnaforda or Oxnaford), Al-

fred, 50; iEthelstan, 112; .^Ethel-

rsed II., 232 ; Cnut, 288 ; Harold I.,

315; Harthacnut, 327; Edward

Conf., 420; Harold II., 4G9.

Richborough (Ricyeburh), Cnut, 289

;

Edward Conf., 422.

Rochester (Rofcceastre), Eadgar, 173;

^thelrfcd XL, 232; Cnut, 290;

Harold I., 315 ; Edward Conf., 422 ;

Harold II., 470.

Roiseng. Sea Castle Rising.

Rnniney (Rumcnea), iEthelrajd II.,

233; Cnut, 290; Elward Conf.,

423; Harold II., 470.

St. Eadmundsbury (Eadmundsburh),

Edward Conf., 356.

Salisbury (Sereburh), Cnut, 291 ; Ed-

ward Cunf., 428.

Sandwich (Sandwic). TEthclnrd II..

233; Edward Conf., 121.

Shaftesbury (Sceftesburh), iEthelr.Td

II., 233 ; Cnut, 290 ; Edward Conf.,

425 ; Harold II., 470.

Shrewsbury (Scrobesburh), ^thclstan,

113; ^thelrred II., 233; Cnut, 291;

Harold I., 316; Edward Conf., 427.

Sidbury (Si^esteburh), iEthelrajd II.,

234 ; Cnut, 292.

Snotingaham. Si'e Nottingham.

Southampton (Hamtune), Eadwig,

159; Eadgar, 170; Eadweard II.,

194 ; ^thelrajd II., 218 ; Cnut, 272

;

Harold I., 311 ; Edward Conf., 379 ;

Harold II., 465.

Southwark (Su^geweorc), ^thelrred

11., 235; Cnut, 294; Harthacnut,

327 ; Edward Conf., 433 ; Harold II.,

471.

Stafford (Staifforda), Edward Conf., 429.

Stamford (Stanford), Eadgar, 173;

Eadweard II., 195; iEthelrred II.,

234; Cnut, 293; Harold I., 316;

Edward Conf., 431 ; Harold II., 471.

Stanwick (Stanwic), .^thelraid II.,

235.

Steyning (Sta^nig), Cnut, 292 ; Hartha-

cnut, 327 ; Edward Conf., 430 ;

Harold II., 470.

Sudbury (SuSburh), ^Ethelrred II.,

235 ; Edward Conf., 433.

SuiSgeweorc. See Southwark.

Tamworth (TamweorS), Edward Conf,

434.

Taunton (Tantunc), Cnut, 294; Ed-

ward Conf., 435.

Tempsford (Tiemeseforda or Tcmo-

sanford), Eadgar, 173.

Thotford (piotford^, Eadgar, 175;

yEthclnxjd II., 240; Cnut, 299;

Harold I., 318; Edward Conf., 453;

lIiiroM II.. 171.

r)iu IV.— INItEX OF MINTS.

Torkwy 'TurtHnip-). MthcUitH} II., 230.

Totix-HH (T<itftna<H), A1i)\i\Tmd II., 2:W;

Cniit. 21):..

Turct'Bigo. See Torksi y.

AViilliiiKfonl (Wi-nliiigftforil or Wcliga-

forl), .Ktlnl.-flan, 114; Eadgar, 171

yKtlielra>(l IF., 2:t7; Cnut, 29G

Harold I., 317; Edward Conf., 43G

Harold II., 471.

Wareliam (Wcrham), jEthcLstan, 114;

yEthc-lncd II., 237; Edward Conf.,

43.S; Harold II., 472.

AVarwiok (Wa-ringwic), yEthclstan,

114; Cuut, 295; Harold I, 316;

Eilward Conf., 435; Harold XL, 471.

Watclut (Wcccdport), ^tliclricd II.,

230 ; Cnut, 295 ; Edward Conf, 438.

Wclniesford, Cnut, 296.

Wilton (Wiltune), Eadgar. 174 ; iEthel-

rffid II., 237 : Cnut, 297; Harold I.,

317 ; Edward Conf., 440 ; Harold II.,

472.

Wiiichcomhc (Winctlcuinb), Cnut. 29'J.

Wiiicli<lHoa (WiticclHca), Eadgar, 174;

l-:dward Conf, 453.

Witiclicbtcr (Wincf-aatrc or Wintonia),

iElfred, 55; iEthelstan, 115; Ead-

wig, 160; Eadgar, 175; Eadwcard

II., 196; iEthelrffid II., 238; Cnut,

297; Harold I., 317; Hartliacnut,

328; Edward Conf , 443 ; Harold H.,

473.

Worcester (Wiliraceaster or Woricea-

Bter), iEthelrajd II., 240 ; Cnut, 296

;

Edward Conf., 439.

York (Eboracum or Eoferwic), iEthel-

stan, 106; Eadwig, 158; Eadgar,

169; Eadweard II., 193; ^Ihelraid

II., 214 ; Cnut, 2G2 ; Harold I., 309 ;

Edward Conf., 359; Harold II., 463.

peotford. See Thctford.

TABLES.

( '>^'-i )

T A B L E

OK

'I'm; Uiiaiim; Wr,i<;nT.s of En'gmsii Grains and Frfncii Grammks.

(ruiii.s.

( 543 )

TABLEOF

TiiK Ei;t,ative Weioiits of English Grains and French Grammes.

Grains.

( >14 )

TABLE

CoNVEiiTiNo English Inches into Millimetres and the

Measurks of Mionnet's Scale.

English

6'al.£y^. C^oms: MJ/Pl./.

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AETHELWULF

ra/?. E/u/.rof^/s: VoU/.Pi. TV.

.^^m

AETHELBEARHT

AETHELRED I

---#

l^f f* '^\ f^- ^'^ ^ o - / r77r r i-

AETHELBEARHT. AETHELRED 1. AELFRED

Catl/ifCm/u. VflJ/.P/. V.

(14 k^mM

s #

AELFRED

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AETHE'LSTA N

Chi J>^ cbrns. '/olJ/P/.X.

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^}7t.3/a. rM?zs. Va/J/PLI///.

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Cat..B/i(7. (^om,^. FoUlPLUV.

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13

Z:'*Jr.,. ^k

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EADGAR. EADWEARD JI

ralF/i^. ams. VoU/P/.XV.

4 s'^'' 'r^?^^-^V'^/ . <-

^5:::<fe.

^.-:>' •7

/ETHELR/ED

^al.3i^. cHns. VoU/.RXV/.

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jpi \5:Jy-M;115te:;

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ry.Fn^. Q?(7?.s. M/m.m/.

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CalFm- Col^l^. Vol.//.PL XX/.

^ /=^

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r'a<^F77^. (bins. Vo/J/.PLXXVIJ

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