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Cognates & False Cognates
•An emphasis on academic vocabulary specific to Social Studies
Magda Martinez
Social Studies Secondary Instruction
How much do I know?
With a partner or small group: 1. take out the T chart from your
baggy 2. categorize the words into cognates
or false cognates 3. glue them onto the T chart 4. share (randomly)
Let Us Check Ourselves!
False Cognates
SuffrageCompromiseCasualtyConsentSubjects
Cognates
IndependenceLeaderRepresentativeAgricultureCongress
% of Growth Due to Each Ethnicity in Texas,
1980-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2007, and 2000-2040
Source: Census Bureau 2007 Population Estimates; Texas State Data Center 2008 Population Projections, 0.5 Scenario
Social vs. Academic LanguageWhat is the difference?
Simpler vocabularyFace to Face conversationsUses gesturesInformalTakes 2 years to acquire
Technical-content specific vocabularyDifficult to read and understandRequire background knowledgeTakes 5 to 7 years to acquire
Mr. Right? and Ms. Confused
Mr. Romeo: Ms. Nava, I’d like to see you in my office. It is not my intention to embarrass you, but would you like to see me socially? Ms. Nava: WHAT? I am a decent woman and I don’t want you to molest me!
What are cognates?
English words that look alike and have the same meaning in Spanish.40% of all English words have similar cognates in Spanish.If English Language Learners learn to recognize these cognates, bridging the gap will be more attainable.
Examples of Cognates
Family FamiliaCenter CentroGorilla GorilaAlarm AlarmaArtist ArtistaCircle Circulo
What are false cognates?
These are words that look alike but do not have the same meaning in English and Spanish.ELLs directly translate while they are reading and often misinterpret the true meaning of what they are reading.If English Language Learners learn to recognize these false cognates, bridging the gap will be more attainable.
Examples of False Cognates
Suffrage SufrirCompromise CompromisoFabric FabricaUnion UnionCarpet CarpetaStamp Estampa
CompromiseFalse
CognateCompromiso
Examples
Great Compromise
3/5 Compromise
Compromise of 1850
What it means!Lo que
realmente significa!
settlement of
differences
un arregloun acuerdo
Why it is a false cognate:1. A compromise avoids war.2. El compromiso evita guerra.
commitment(cita)
obligation(obligacion)
FiscalFalse
Cognatefiscal
Examples
The fiscal policies of the government are
very important.
This fiscal year the government will
spend more money.
Public education will have a problem
during this fiscal
What it means!Lo que
realmente significa!
relating to financial matters
materias financieras
El fiscal tiene mucho poder.
El fiscal es un hombre muy
ocupado.
Cabinet FalseCognate
gabinete
Examples
The U.S. government has fourteen cabinet
members.
The president chose his cabinet members.
The cabinet supported the president.
What it means!Lo que
realmente significa!
Body of official advisors.
Grupo de consejeros oficiales.
El gabinete es de madera.
(armario)El armario de la
cocina esta bonito.
SuffrageFalse
Cognatesufrir
Examples
Women's suffrage
Black suffrage
Suffrage Movement
What it means!Lo que
realmente significa!
the right to vote
la derecha de votar
Why it is a false cognate:1. Suffrage gives people more rights.2. Sufrir les da mas derechos.
to bear(soportar)
suffer(padecer)
Teaching Tips!Use pre-reading strategies before you begin to read. Explain cognates and false cognates to students and have them identify them while they read.This can be an oral overview with a pictorial powerpoint. Students should hi-lite topics and subtopicsBy looking at the pictures, students predict what the section will be about.
More Tips!When assigning vocabulary, don’t use the conventional method of: copy the words and define them; memorize them for a matching quiz…INSTEAD: Assign five to ten words; Use the Frayer Model for each word by assigning students to groups and allowing students to discuss, use their textbook or other resources to fill in the Frayer Model. Place words in a box or jar. Student selects a word and (acts it out/charade, draws a picture on the board
or mimes it) Class has to guess the word!
Resources
http://www.colorincolorado.org/NTC’s Dictionary of Spanish False Cognates (Marcial Prado)NTC’s Dictionary of Spanish Cognates: Thematically Organized (Rose Nash) Census Bureau 2007 Population Estimates; Texas State Data Center 2008 Population Projections