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Coastal Hazards &Climate Change Experiences from Sri Lanka

Eng. Mangala Wickramanayake

Director GeneralCoast Conservation & coastal Resources Management DepartmentDefence & Urban development Ministry Sri Lanka

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Contents of the Presentation

Coastal erosion

Immediate responses

Long term protection and restoration

Tsunami experiences 2004

Recovery & restoration

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Coastal Zone

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Causes of Erosion

• Sand deficit

• Coast protection

• Natural processes

• Seasonal fluctuations

• Human interventions

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Immediate

responses

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Responses

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Definition of protection types

Emergency protection

Coast protection

Long term shoreline management

Soft Solutions

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Management objectives for shoreline management

• Ensure that coast protection schemes do not contribute to, or aggravate coastal erosion.

• Identify coastal erosion trends, prioritise areas which needs protection and formulate appropriate Shoreline Management Plans recommending solutions that are cost effective as well as socially and environmentally acceptable.

• Minimise the negative impacts of coastal erosion and sea level rise in highly developed and protected areas by reclaiming suitable coastal frontages to ensure new development possibilities and to enhance economic potential of coastal frontages.

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Present

layoutAlternative layout

Wave generated current

pattern

Sediment transport

pattern

Coastal Research & Designs

• Coastal Planning• Preparations of coastal Designs• Coastal monitoring• Coastal Research• Coastal studies

Offshore Monitoring

Near-shore MonitoringAr ug ambay H ik k aduwa Mt Lav in i a

N i l awe l i Po lhena Unawa t una

• • Bathymetry• • Shape of coastline• • Tide levels• • Ground level & slope• • Topographic features• • Shore roughness• • Shore-connected water bodies• • Sand dunes• • Coastal vegetation information• • Coastal land use

Monitoring

• Shoreline changes

• Stability of shore structures

• Functional behavior of structures

• Effects of coastal developments

• Coastal features

• Coastal destruction practices

• Unique coastal landscapes

• Coastal fauna & flora

• Coastal sites with archeological significance

Monitoring – Post War

Shoreline Changes

Sand Dunes

Coastal Destruction

Coastal Landscapes

Sea Grass

Coastal Developments

Coastal Species

Coastal Archaeological Sites

Shoreline management

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Provides:

• Protection

• Restoration of sandy beaches

Allows:

• Recreation

• Beach seine fishing

• Sheltered boat landing

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Before

After

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Tsunami 2004

Not aware

Not prepared

No management mechanism in place

No immediate responses

Slow recovery

Many authorities/funds/other resources

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Recovery Process

• Main highway – one week

• Other infrastructure – one month

• Rail link – four months

• Fishery industry – one year

• Settlements – 18 months

• Warning system – 3 years

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Solutions

Warning system in place

Management mechanism established

New Ministry for disaster preparedness

Awareness programs

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Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts through Ecosystem Conservation and Management

Coral Reefs Lagoon areas

Healthy Coastal Ecosystems ;

Provide resources for livelihoods for local coastal communities

Provide buffers against coastal hazards like storms, tsunami etc..

Soft Solutions

The Department uses following methods for conservation and management of coastal ecosystems

Restoration and Rehabilitation

Protection

Enhancement

Restoration and Rehabilitation

Protection

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Enhancement

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Thank You