1.INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKING:

INTRODUCTION:A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with other users. In computing, network programming, essentially identical to socket programming or clientserver programming, involves writing computer programs that communicate with other programs across a computer network. The program or process initiating the communication is called a client process, and the program waiting for the communication to be initiated is the server process. The client and server processes together form a distributed system. The communication between the client and server process may either be connection-oriented (such as an established TCP virtual circuit or session), or connectionless (based on UDP datagrams).A program that can act both as a client and a server is based on peer-topeer communication.

NETWORK CLASSIFICATION:LOCAL AREA NETWORK: A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings. WIDE AREA NETWORK: A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a large geographic area such as a city, country, or spans even intercontinental distances, using a communications channel that combines many types of media such as telephone lines, cables, and air waves. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK: BASIC HARDWARE COMPONENTS: All networks are made up of basic hardware building blocks to interconnect network nodes, such as Network Interface Cards (NICs), Bridges, Hubs, Switches, and Routers. In addition, some method of connecting these

building blocks is required, usually in the form of galvanic cable (most commonly Category 5 cable). Less common are microwave links (as in IEEE 802.12) or optical cable.

2.HOW TO MAKE A CABLE USING RJ45 CONNECTOR:

WIRED TECHNOLOGIES: TWISTED WIRE CABLE: Twisted wire cable is the most widely used medium for telecommunication. Twisted-pair wires are ordinary telephone wires which consist of two insulated copper wires twisted into pairs and are used for both voice and data transmission. The use of two wires twisted together helps to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic induction. The transmission speed ranges from 2 million bits per second to 100 million bits per second.

COAXIAL CABLE: Coaxial cable is widely used for cable television systems, office buildings, and other worksites for local area networks. The cables consist of copper or aluminum wire wrapped with insulating layer typically of a flexible material with a high dielectric constant, all of which are surrounded by a conductive layer. The layers of insulation help minimize interference and distortion. Transmission speed range from 200 million to more than 500 million bits per second.

OPTICAL CABLE: Optical fiber cable consists of one or more filaments of glass fiber wrapped in protective layers. It transmits light which can travel over extended distances without signal loss. Fiber-optic cables are not affected by electromagnetic radiation. Transmission speed may reach trillions of bits per second. The transmission speed of fiber optics is hundreds of times faster than for coaxial

cables.

.

CONNECTORS: Different types of connectors are available but here we use a RJ45 connector. THE true RJ45(S) is an extremely unc--ommon registered jack, but the name "RJ45" is also used quite commonly to refer to any 8P8C modular connector.

STEPS FOR MAKING CROSS AND SIMPLE CABLE USING A RJ45 CONNECTOR:

STEP 1:Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable. Be careful when stripping the jacket as to not nick or cut the internal wiring. One good way to do this is to cut lengthwise with snips or a knife along the side of the cable, away from yourself, about an inch toward the open end. This reduces the risk of nicking the wires' insulation. Locate the string inside with the wires, or if no string is found, use the wires themselves to unzip the sheath of the cable by holding the sheath in one hand and pulling sideways with the string or wire. Cut away the unzipped sheath and cut the twisted pairs about 1 1/4" (30 mm). You will notice 8 wires twisted in 4 pairs. Each pair will

have one wire of a certain color and another wire that is white with a colored stripe matching its partner (this wire is called a tracer).

STEP 2:Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or scrapes that expose the copper wire inside. If you have breached the protective sheath of any wire, you will need to cut the entire segment of wires off and start over at step one. Exposed copper wire will lead to cross-talk, poor performance or no connectivity at all. It is important that the jacket for all network cables remains intact.

STEP 3:Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your fingers. The white piece of thread can be cut off even with the jacket and disposed (see Warnings). For easier handling, cut the wires so that they are 3/4" (19 mm) long from the base of the jacket and even in length.

STEP 4:Arrange the wires based on the wiring specifications you are following. There are two methods set by the TIA, 568A and 568B. Which one you use will depend on what is being connected. A straight-through cable is used to connect two different-layer devices (e.g. a hub and a PC). Two like devices normally require a crossover cable. The difference between the two is that a straight-through cable has both ends wired identically with 568B, while a cross-over cable has one end wired 568A and the other end wired 568B.[1] For our demonstration in the following steps, we will use 568B, but the instructions can easily be adapted to 568A. 568B -PUT THE WIRES IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER , FROM

LEFT TO RIGHT:

white orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue, green, whitebrown, brown

* 568A - from left to right: white/green, green, white/orange, blue, white/blue, orange, white/brown, brown. You can also use the mnemonic 1-2-3-6/3-6-1-2 to remember which wires are switched.

STEP 5:Press all the wires flat and parallel between your thumb and forefinger. Verify the colors have remained in the correct order. Cut the top of the wires even with one another so that they are 1/2" (12.5 mm) long from the base of the jacket, as the jacket needs to go into the 8P8C connector by about 1/8", meaning that you only have a 1/2" of room for the individual cables. Leaving more than 1/2" untwisted can jeopardize connectivity and quality. Ensure that the cut leaves the wires even and clean; failure to do so may cause the wire not to make contact inside the jack and could lead to wrongly guided cores inside the plug. STEP 6:Keep the wires flat and in order as you push them into the RJ-45 plug with the flat surface of the plug on top. The white/orange wire should be on the left if you're looking down at the jack. You can tell if all the wires made

it into the jack and maintain their positions by looking head-on at the plug. You should be able to see a wire located in each hole, as seen at the bottom right. You may have to use a little effort to push the pairs firmly into the plug. The cabling jacket should also enter the rear of the jack about 1/4" (6 mm) to help secure the cable once the plug is crimped. You may need to stretch the sleeve to the proper length. Verify that the sequence is still correct before crimping.

STEP 7:Place the wired plug into the crimping tool. Give the handle a firm squeeze. You should hear a ratcheting noise as you continue. Once you have completed the crimp, the handle will reset to the open position. To ensure all pins are set, some prefer to double-crimp by repeating this step.

the climping tool used is shown in fig.

STEP 8:Repeat all of the above steps with the other end of the cable. The way you wire the other end (568A or 568B) will depend on whether you're making a straight-through, rollover, or cross-over cable.

STEP 9:Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field. Mis-wired and incomplete network cables could lead to headaches down the road. In addition, with power-overEthernet (PoE) making its way into the market place, crossed wire pairs could lead to physical damage of computers or phone system equipment, making it even more crucial that the pairs are in the correct order. A simple cable tester can quickly verify that information for you. Should you not have a network cable tester on hand,

simply test connectivity pin to pin.

3.HOW TO CONNECT TWO SYSTEMS AND THEN SHARE DATAFOLLOWING ARE THE STEPS FOR DATA SHARING: STEP1:First, disable any wireless internet connections on both computers. This will prevent you from using the wrong IP address. STEP2:Connect the two computers using an Ethernet cable. Almost all computers have this port.

STEP3:Find your PC's IP address. In XP, click Start-> run. This will bring up a little box, instructing you to "Type the

name of a program, folder, document..." etc. Note: Vista users can find the command prompt under Start->All Programs->Accessories.

PRACTICA

OBJECTIV

Requirements

4.INTRODUCTION TO CISCO PACKET TRACERPacket Tracer can be thought of as providing instructional and assessment services at a number of levels (Frezzo, Behrens, and Mislevy, in press). At the most fundamental level, PT provides a comprehensive network simulation covering a wide variety of networking devices, means of connecting equipment, end devices, and the underlying Cisco IOS. A high degree of proficiency with the Cisco IOS is required for effective planning, configuration, and troubleshooting of networking devices. The behavior of a wide range of protocols is simulated, including the core protocols of the Internet, TCP and IP, the ubiquitous HTTP, and a wide variety of switching and routing protocols. These capabilities provide an extensive space for practice and exploration of networking concepts and procedures. Figure 1 provides a screen-shot of a Packet Tracer session. The simulation layer is hidden but associated with the icons that represent intermediary networking devices (e.g., switches and routers) and end-user devices(e.g., computers and IP phones) on the network. The network represented in the workspace (upper left) is comprehensively simulated. Visualization of data traffic is seen both in the workspace and in the event examination window on the upper right. Progress of network events can be controlled one networking event at a time (capture/forward), through continuous animation (play) or allowed to progress in real-time. Additional detail scan be visualized by clicking on events in the event examination area.

Objective to study the basics of CISCO PACKET TRACER

INTRODUCTION :Packet Tracer is a medium fidelity, network-capable, simulation-based learning environment for networking novices to design, configure, and troubleshoot computer networks at a CCNA-level of complexity. Packet Tracer is an integrated simulation, visualization, collaboration, and assessment environment. Packet Tracer supports student and instructor creation of simulations, visualizations, and animations of networking phenomena. Like any simulation, Packet Tracer relies on a simplified model of networking devices and protocols. Real computer networks, experienced both in-person/hands-on and remotely, remain the benchmark for understanding network behavior and developing networking skills. Packet Tracer was created to help address the Digital Divide in networking education, where many students and teachers lack access to equipment, bandwidth, and interactive modes of learning networking. We invite you to use the help files and tutorials to learn about the major features of the program, which include the items in the following table. Item Protocols Description LAN: Ethernet (including CSMA/CD*), 802.11 a/b/g/n wireless*, PPPOE Switching: VLANs, 802.1q, trunking, VTP, DTP, STP*, RSTP*, multilayer switching*, Etherchannel, LACP, PAgP TCP/IP: HTTP, HTTPS, DHCP, DHCPv6, Telnet, SSH, TFTP, DNS, TCP*, UDP, IPv4*, IPv6*, ICMP, ICMPv6, ARP, IPv6 ND, FTP, SMTP, POP3, VOIP(H.323)

Routing: static, default, RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP, single-area OSPF, multi-area OSPF, BGP, inter-VLAN routing, redistribution Other: ACLs (standard, extended, and named), CDP, NAT (static, dynamic, inside/outside, and overload), NATv6 WAN: HDLC, SLARP, PPP*, and Frame Relay* Security: IPsec, GRE, ISAKMP, NTP, AAA, RADIUS, TACACS, SNMP, SSH, SYSLOG, CBAC, Zone-based policy firewall, IPS QoS: Layer 2 QoS, Layer 3 Diffserv QoS, FIFO Hardware queues, Priority Queuing, Custom Queuing, Weighted Fair Queuing, MQC, NBAR* * indicates substantial modeling limitations imposed Logical Workspace Network topology creation Devices: generic, real, and modular with customizable images Routers, switches, hosts (Server, Desktop and Laptop), hubs, bridges, wireless access points, wireless routers, clouds, and DSL/cable modems Device interconnection through a variety of networking media

Multiuser remote networks Physical Workspace Hierarchy of device, wiring closet, building, city, and intercity views Structured cabling: create BendPoints and GroupPoints in cables and color code cables Ethernet cable length display and length limitation connectivity enforcement Images for devices now customizable and scalable Loading and scaling of user-created graphics Wireless association management Realtime Mode Realtime protocol updates Medium-fidelity Cisco IOS CLI configuration of routers and switches Menu based configuration of DHCP, DNS, HTTP, TFTP, Syslog, AAA, and NTP servers Simulation Mode Packet animation Global event list (packet sniffer) OSI Model, Detailed PDU, and Device Table Views User-defined multiple packet scenarios

Local Authoring and Extensive file-saving options Sharing Multi-level Activity Wizard for authoring automatically scored practice activities and formative assessment Challenge Mode allowing users to make device algorithm decisions on packets Easily translated GUI Extensive textual and graphical annotation features External Applications (ExApps) through Inter-Process Communication (IPC)

Interface Overview When you open Packet Tracer, by default you will be presented with the following interface:

This initial interface contains ten components. If you are unsure of what a particular interface item does, move your mouse over the item and a help balloon will explain the item. 1 Menu Bar This bar provides the File, Edit, Options, View, Tools, Extensions, and Help menus. You will find basic commands such as Open, Save, Save as Pkz, Print, and Preferences in these menus. You will also be able to access the Activity Wizard from the Extensions menu. This bar provides shortcut icons to the File and Edit menu commands. This bar also provides buttons for Copy, Paste,

2 Main Tool Bar

Undo, Redo, Zoom, the Drawing Palette, and the Custom Devices Dialog. On the right, you will also find the Network Information button, which you can use to enter a description for the current network (or any text you wish to include). 3 Common Tools This bar provides access to these Bar commonly used workspace tools: Select, Move Layout, Place Note, Delete, Inspect, Resize Shape, Add Simple PDU, and Add Complex PDU. See "Workspace Basics" for more information. 4 Logical/Physica l Workspace and Navigation Bar You can toggle between the Physical Workspace and the Logical Workspace with the tabs on this bar. In Logical Workspace, this bar also allows you to go back to a previous level in a cluster, create a New Cluster, Move Object, Set Tiled Background, and Viewport. In Physical Workspace, this bar allows you to navigate through physical locations, create a New City, create a New Building, create a New Closet, Move Object, apply a Grid to the background, Set Background, and go to the Working Closet. This area is where you will create your network, watch simulations, and view many kinds of information and statistics.

5 Workspace

6 Realtime/Simul You can toggle between Realtime Mode ation Bar and Simulation Mode with the tabs on

this bar. This bar also provides buttons to Power Cycle Devices as well as the Play Control buttons and the Event List toggle button in Simulation Mode. Also, it contains a clock that displays the relative Time in Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode. 7 Network This box is where you choose devices Component Box and connections to put into the workspace. It contains the Device-Type Selection Box and the Device-Specific Selection Box. 8 Device-Type Selection Box This box contains the type of devices and connections available in Packet Tracer. The Device-Specific Selection Box will change depending on which type of device you choose.

9 Device-Specific This box is where you choose specifically Selection Box which devices you want to put in your network and which connections to make. 1 User Created 0 Packet Window* This window manages the packets you put in the network during simulation scenarios. See the "Simulation Mode" section for more details.

* You can freely resize the User Created Packet Window (UCPW) by placing the cursor near the left edge of the window (it will turn into a "resize" cursor) and then

drag the cursor left or right. You can hide the window from view by dragging the edge all the way to the right. When the UCPW is hidden, you can bring it back by placing the cursor on the edge (notice when the resize cursor appears) and then dragging the edge back.

Workspaces and ModesPacket Tracer has two workspaces (Logical and Physical) and two modes (Realtime and Simulation). Upon startup, you are in the Logical Workspace in Realtime Mode. You can build your network and see it run in real time in this configuration. You can switch to Simulation Mode to run controlled networking scenarios. You can also switch to the Physical Workspace to arrange the physical aspects (such as the location) of your devices. Note that you view a simulation while you are in the Physical Workspace. You

should return to the Logical Workspace after you are done in the Physical Workspace.

Setting Preferences You can customize your Packet Tracer experience by setting your own preferences. From the Menu Bar, select Options > Preferences (or simply press Ctrl + R) to view the program settings.Under the Interface panel, you can toggle the Animation, Sound, and Show Link Lights settings to suit the performance of your system and your preferences. You can also manage information clutter with the Hide Device Label, Port Labels Always Shown, and Don't show port labels when mouse over settings. Also, you can also toggle Hide QoS Stamps on Packets shown in Simulation Mode and Enable cable length effects. The Logging feature allows the program to capture all Cisco IOS commands that you enter and export them to a text file (refer to the "Configuring Devices" page for more information). The Simulation - Buffer Full Action feature allows you to set the preferred action that Packet Tracer will perform. You can set the action to Prompt if you want to be prompted when the Simulation buffer is full. At the prompt, you can either Clear Event List or View Previous Events. Alternatively, you can set the action to either Auto Clear Event List to allow Packet Tracer to automatically clear the Event List when the buffer is full or you can set the action to Auto View Previous Events to automatically view the previous events. The Enable Screen Reader Support accessibility feature reads out all the titles and descriptions of the visible window that has the focus. Lastly, you can also change the base language of the program by choosing from the Languages list and then pressing the Change Language button.

Under the Administrative panel, you can disable access to a particular interface such as the Interface tab and the Multiuser menu using the Interface Locking feature. In order settings and configurations to apply globally for every user on the machine, you need to click on the Write button to save the PT.conf file to the Packet Tracer installation folder. Optionally, you may change the User Folder to a different location which is where your own settings, configurations, save files, and device templates are stored. Additionally, you can set a Password to prevent others from tampering with these preferences. Note that the password is case-sensitive.

Under the Hide panel, you can choose to hide or show the Physical, Config, CLI, Desktop, GUI, HTML GUI, and HTML tabs in the device edit dialog.

Under the Font panel, you can select different fonts and font sizes for the Dialogs, Workspace/Activity Wizard, and the General Interface.

Setting a User Profile You can set your user profile for activity assessment and Multiuser identification. From the Menu Bar, select Options > User Profile to view the User Profile dialog. In the User Profile dialog, you can enter your Name, E-Mail, and any Additional Info about yourself that you may want to share.

Algorithm Settings The Algorithms Settings dialog allows the user to make configurations that are otherwise not available in IOS. It also allows tweaking of algorithm settings to make visualization of certain algorithm/protocol behaviors more easily viewable. CBAC Half-Open Session Multiplier: If the number of halfopen CBAC sessions multiplied by this number exceeds the configured max half-open session count, new sessions would not be opened. TCP Maximum Number of Connections: If the number of connections in SYN-RECEIVED state exceeds this number, any new connections would be rejected.

TCP Maximum Number of Opened Sessions: If the number of connections exceeds this number, any new connections would be rejected. Switching Storm Control Multiplier: If the bandwidth percentage of broadcast frames used multiplied by this number exceeds the configured threshold, the broadcast frame would be dropped.

Saving a PKZ Packet Tracer allows you to save your topology (PKT) as well as any custom device icons and backgrounds that you applied to on the Logical Workspace and Physical Workspace to a save file called a PKZ. A PKZ is able to retain any external files you add in a single save file, which allows for portability and compactness from computer to computer. To create a PKZ, go to File > Save as Pkz. Enter a file name for the PKZ and click on Save. In the Pkz Select Files dialog, you will be able to add and

remove files that you want to save along with PKT. To add a file, click on the Add button and browse to the file you want to add then click Open. To remove a file, select the file from the list then click Remove. Once you are done adding and removing files, click OK to create the PKZ file.

Be sure to add all custom device image icons and custom backgrounds.

Devices and Modules Packet Tracer supports a wide array of modules for networking devices. To change a module in any device, you must first turn off the power for that device. There is a power switch available on the Physical page of any device that can change modules. If the module slot is filled you must drag the existing module out of the device and over to the modules list and then release it. If you are not in the correct place the module will return to the slot. After removing the original module select and drag the

new module from the list of modules to directly over the open slot. When the module appears in the open slot, turn the power back on. Note, when you turn off switches or routers and then turn them back on, they will load their startup configuration files. If you do not save the running configuration, it will be lost. When the network contains routers or switches, develop a habit of saving their running configurations to the startup configuration before you press their power buttons (or the Power Cycle Devices button).

Physical Configuration and Module List When you click on a device in the workspace, you are first presented with the Physical Device View of the selected device. You will see an interactive photo on the main panel and a list of compatible modules on the left. You can interact with the device by pressing its power button, adding a module by dragging it from the list into a compatible bay, or removing a module by dragging it from the bay back to the list. You can also zoom in and out of the photo with the zoom controls. The pages in this section show all of the Packet Tracer devices and their supported modules. On these pages, you can click on the thumbnail image of each device or module to view a larger image.

Routers Router: 1841

The Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router provides two fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports, two integrated High-Speed WAN Interface Card (HWIC) slots that are

compatible with WAN Interface Card (WICs) and Voice/WAN Interface Cards (VWICs), and one internal Advanced Integration Module (AIM) slot. Module Name HWIC4ESW HWIC-APAG-B Thumbnails Description The HWIC-4ESW provides four switching ports. The HWIC-AP-AG-B module is a High-Speed WAN Interface Card providing integrated Access Point functionality in the Cisco 1800 (Modular), Cisco 2800, and Cisco 3800 Integrated Services Routers. It supports Single Band 802.11b/g or Dual Band 802.11a/b/g radios. The WIC-1AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC1AM uses one port for connection to a standard telephone line, and the other port can be connected to a basic analog telephone for use when the modem is idle. The WIC-1ENET is a single-port 10 Mbps Ethernet interface card, for use with 10BASE-T Ethernet LANs.

WIC-1AM

WIC-1ENET

WIC-1T

The WIC-1T provides a single port serial connection to remote sites or legacy serial network devices such as Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) concentrators, alarm systems, and packet over SONET (POS) devices. The WIC-2AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC2AM has two modem ports to allow multiple data communication connections. The 2-port asynchronous/synchronous serial network module provides flexible multi-protocol support, with each port individually configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for asynchronous/synchronous support include: low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and transport of legacy protocols such as Bi-

WIC-2AM

WIC-2T

sync and SDLC. WIC-Cover The WIC cover plate provides protection for the internal electronic components. It also helps maintain adequate cooling by normalizing airflow.

Router: 2620XM

The Cisco 2620XM Multiservice Router provides a onenetwork module slot platform with one fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX) Ethernet port, two integrated WAN Interface Card (WIC) slots, and one Advanced Integration Module (AIM) slot. Module Name NM-1E Thumbnails Description The NM-1E features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronous ports. The NM-1E2W provides a single Ethernet port with two WIC slots that can support a single

NM-1E2W

Ethernet LAN, together with two serial/ISDN backhaul lines, and still allow multiple serial or ISDN in the same chassis. NM-1FE-FX The NM-1FE-FX Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The NM-1FE-TX Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. The NM-1FE2W Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with copper media, in addition to two Wan

NM-1FE-TX

NM-1FE2W

Interface Card expansion slots. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. NM-2E2W The NM-2E2W provides two Ethernet ports with two WIC slots that can support two Ethernet LANs, together with two serial/ISDN backhaul lines, and still allow multiple serial or ISDN in the same chassis. The NM-2FE2W Module provides two Fast-Ethernet interfaces for use with copper media, in addition to two Wan Interface Card expansion slots. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. The NM-2W Module provides two WAN Interface Card expansion slots. It can be used with a broad range of interface

NM-2FE2W

NM-2W

cards, supporting a diverse array of physical media and network protocols. NM-4A/S The 4-port asynchronous/synchronous serial network module provides flexible multi-protocol support, with each port individually configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed-media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for Asynchronous/Synchronous support include: Low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and transport of legacy protocols such as Bisync and SDLC. The NM-4E features four Ethernet ports for multifunction solutions that require higher-density Ethernet than the mixed-media network modules. The 8-port asynchronous/synchronous serial network module provides flexible multi-protocol support, with each port individually

NM-4E

NM-8A/S

configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed-media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for Asynchronous/Synchronous support include: Low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and transport of legacy protocols such as Bisync and SDLC. NM-8AM The NM-8AM Integrated V.92 analog modem network module provides cost-effective analog telephone service connectivity for lower-density remoteaccess service (RAS), dial-out and fax-out modem access, asynchronous dial-on-demand routing (DDR) plus dial backup, and remote router management. Both the 8-port and 16-port versions use RJ-11 jacks to connect the integrated modems to basic analog telephone lines on the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or private telephony systems. The NM cover plate provides protection for the internal

NM-Cover

electronic components. It also helps maintain adequate cooling by normalizing airflow. WIC-1AM The WIC-1AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC1AM uses one port for connection to a standard telephone line, and the other port can be connected to a basic analog telephone for use when the modem is idle. The WIC-1T provides a single port serial connection to remote sites or legacy serial network devices such as Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) concentrators, alarm systems, and packet over SONET (POS) devices. The WIC-2AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC2AM has two modem ports to allow multiple data communication connections. The 2-port asynchronous/synchronous serial network module provides flexible multi-protocol support,

WIC-1T

WIC-2AM

WIC-2T

with each port individually configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for asynchronous/synchronous support include: low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and transport of legacy protocols such as Bisync and SDLC. WIC-Cover The WIC cover plate provides protection for the internal electronic components. It also helps maintain adequate cooling by normalizing airflow.

Router: 2621XM

The Cisco 2621XM Multiservice Router provides a onenetwork module slot platform with two fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports, two integrated WAN Interface Card (WIC) slots, and one Advanced Integration Module (AIM) slot.

The 2621XM supports the same modules that the 2620XM supports.

Router: 2811

The Cisco 2811 Integrated Services Router provides one Enhanced Network-Module slot with two fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports, four integrated High-Speed WAN Interface Card (HWIC) slots that are compatible with WAN Interface Card (WICs), Voice Interface Cards (VICs) and Voice/WAN Interface Cards (VWICs), and dual Advanced Integration Module (AIM) slots. Module Name NM-1E Thumbnails Description The NM-1E features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronous ports. The NM-1E2W provides a single Ethernet port with two WIC slots that can support a single Ethernet LAN, together with

NM-1E2W

two serial/ISDN backhaul lines, and still allow multiple serial or ISDN in the same chassis. NM-1FE-FX The NM-1FE-FX Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The NM-1FE-TX Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. The NM-1FE2W Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with copper media, in addition to two Wan

NM-1FE-TX

NM-1FE2W

Interface Card expansion slots. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. NM-2E2W The NM-2E2W provides two Ethernet ports with two WIC slots that can support two Ethernet LANs, together with two serial/ISDN backhaul lines, and still allow multiple serial or ISDN in the same chassis. The NM-2FE2W Module provides two Fast-Ethernet interfaces for use with copper media, in addition to two Wan Interface Card expansion slots. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. The NM-2W Module provides two WAN Interface Card expansion slots. It can be used with a broad range of interface

NM-2FE2W

NM-2W

cards, supporting a diverse array of physical media and network protocols. NM-4A/S The 4-port asynchronous/synchronous serial network module provides flexible multi-protocol support, with each port individually configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed-media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for Asynchronous/Synchronous support include: Low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and transport of legacy protocols such as Bisync and SDLC. The NM-4E features four Ethernet ports for multifunction solutions that require higher-density Ethernet than the mixed-media network modules. The 8-port asynchronous/synchronous serial network module provides flexible multi-protocol support, with each port individually

NM-4E

NM-8A/S

configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed-media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for Asynchronous/Synchronous support include: Low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and transport of legacy protocols such as Bisync and SDLC. NM-8AM The NM-8AM Integrated V.92 analog modem network module provides cost-effective analog telephone service connectivity for lower-density remoteaccess service (RAS), dial-out and fax-out modem access, asynchronous dial-on-demand routing (DDR) plus dial backup, and remote router management. Both the 8-port and 16-port versions use RJ-11 jacks to connect the integrated modems to basic analog telephone lines on the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or private telephony systems. The NM cover plate provides protection for the internal

NM-Cover

electronic components. It also helps maintain adequate cooling by normalizing airflow. NM-ESW161 HWIC4ESW HWIC-APAG-B The NM-ESW-161 provides 16 switching ports. The HWIC-4ESW provides four switching ports. The HWIC-AP-AG-B module is a High-Speed WAN Interface Card providing integrated Access Point functionality in the Cisco 1800 (Modular), Cisco 2800, and Cisco 3800 Integrated Services Routers. It supports Single Band 802.11b/g or Dual Band 802.11a/b/g radios. The WIC-1AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC1AM uses one port for connection to a standard telephone line, and the other port can be connected to a basic analog telephone for use when the modem is idle. The WIC-1ENET is a single-port 10 Mbps Ethernet interface card, for use with 10BASE-T

WIC-1AM

WIC-1ENET

Ethernet LANs. WIC-1T The WIC-1T provides a single port serial connection to remote sites or legacy serial network devices such as Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) concentrators, alarm systems, and packet over SONET (POS) devices. The WIC-2AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC2AM has two modem ports to allow multiple data communication connections. The 2-port asynchronous/synchronous serial network module provides flexible multi-protocol support, with each port individually configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for asynchronous/synchronous support include: low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and transport of

WIC-2AM

WIC-2T

legacy protocols such as Bisync and SDLC. WIC-Cover The WIC cover plate provides protection for the internal electronic components. It also helps maintain adequate cooling by normalizing airflow.

Router: Router-PT

The Router-PT generic router provides ten slots, one console port, and one auxiliary port. Module Name PT-ROUTER-NM1AM Thumbnail Description The PT-ROUTER-NM-1AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC-1AM uses one port for connection to a standard telephone line, and the other port can be connected to a basic analog telephone for use when the modem is idle. The PT-ROUTER-NM-1CE features a single Ethernet port that can connect a

PT-ROUTER-NM1CE

LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronou s ports. PT-ROUTER-NM1CFE The PT-ROUTER-NM-1CFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTROUTER-NM-1CGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet copper connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and

PT-ROUTER-NM1CGE

Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. PT-ROUTER-NM1FFE The PT-ROUTER-NM-1FFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTROUTER-NM-1FGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet copper connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface

PT-ROUTER-NM1FGE

converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. PT-ROUTER-NM1S The PT-ROUTER-NM-1S provides a single port serial connection to remote sites or legacy serial network devices such as Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) concentrators, alarm systems, and packet over SONET (POS) devices. The 2-port asynchronous/synchronou s serial network module provides flexible multiprotocol support, with each port individually configurable in synchronous or asynchronous mode, offering mixed media dial support in a single chassis. Applications for asynchronous/synchronou s support include: low speed WAN aggregation (up to 128 Kbps), dial-up modem support, Async or Sync connections to management ports of other equipment, and

PT-ROUTER-NM1SS

transport of legacy protocols such as Bi-sync and SDLC.

Switches Switch: 2950-24

The Cisco Catalyst 2950-24 is a member of the Cisco Catalyst 2950 series switch family. It is a standalone, fixed-configuration, managed 10/100 switch providing user connectivity for small- to mid-sized networks. It does not support add-in modules.

Switch: 2950T-24

The Cisco Catalyst 2950T-24 is a member of the Catalyst 2950 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switch family. It is a fixed-configuration, standalone switch that provides wirespeed Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for mid-sized networks. It does not support add-in modules.

Switch: 2960-24TT

The Cisco Catalyst 2960-24TT is a member of the Catalyst 2960 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switch family. It is a fixed-configuration, standalone switch that provides wirespeed Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for mid-sized networks. It does not support add-in modules.

Switch: Switch-PT

The Switch-PT generic switch provides ten slots, one console port, and one auxiliary port.

PT-SWITCH-NM1CE

The PT-SWITCH-NM-1CE features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronou s ports. The PT-SWITCH-NM-1CFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN

PT-SWITCH-NM1CFE

applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. PT-SWITCH-NM1CGE The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTSWITCH-NM-1CGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet copper connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. The PT-SWITCH-NM-1FFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN

PT-SWITCH-NM1FFE

applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. PT-SWITCH-NM1FGE The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTSWITCH-NM-1FGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet optical connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC.

Switch: 3560-24PS

The Cisco Catalyst 3560-24PS is a member of the Catalyst 3560 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switch family. It is a fixed-configuration, standalone switch that provides wirespeed Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for mid-sized networks. It does not support add-in modules.

Bridge-PT

This bridge provides two slots. The bridge supports the same modules that the Switch-PT supports.

End Devices All images on this page are thumbnails in which you can click to bring up a larger image.

PC-PT

The PC-PT provides a console port and one slot. Module Name Thumbnail LinksysWMP300N Description The Linksys-WMP300N module provides one 2.4GHz wireless interface suitable for connection to wireless networks. The module supports protocols that use Ethernet for LAN access. The PT-HOST-NM-1AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connection. The WIC-1AM uses one port for connection to a standard telephone line, and the other port can be connected to a basic analog telephone for use when the modem is idle.

PC-HOST-NM1AM

PC-HOST-NM1CE

The PT-HOST-NM-1CE features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronous ports. The PT-HOST-NM-1CFE Module provides 1 FastEthernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTHOST-NM-1CGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet copper connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco

PC-HOST-NM1CFE

PC-HOST-NM1CGE

2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. PC-HOST-NM1FFE The PT-HOST-NM-1FFE Module provides 1 FastEthernet interface for use with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTHOST-NM-1FGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet optical connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit

PC-HOST-NM1FGE

interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. PC-HOST-NM1W The PT-HOST-NM-1W module provides one 2.4GHz wireless interface suitable for connection to wireless networks. The module supports protocols that use Ethernet for LAN access. The PT-HOST-NM-1W-A module provides one 5GHz wireless interface suitable for connection to wireless 802.11a networks. The module supports protocols that use Ethernet for LAN access.

PC-HOST-NM1W-A

Laptop-PT

The Laptop-PT provides a console port and one slot. Module Name Thumbnail Description

LinksysWMP300N

The Linksys-WPC300N module provides one 2.4GHz wireless interface suitable for connection to wireless networks. The module supports protocols that use Ethernet for LAN access. The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC-1AM uses one port for connection to a standard telephone line, and the other port can be connected to a basic analog telephone for use when the modem is idle. The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1CE features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronou s ports. The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1CFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use

PC-LAPTOP-NM1AM

PC-LAPTOP-NM1CE

PC-LAPTOP-NM1CFE

with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. PC-LAPTOP-NM1CGE The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTLAPTOP-NM-1CGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet copper connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1FFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use

PC-LAPTOP-NM1FFE

with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. PC-LAPTOP-NM1FGE The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTLAPTOP-NM-1FGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet optical connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1W module provides one 2.4GHz wireless interface suitable for connection to wireless networks. The module supports

PC-LAPTOP-NM1W

protocols that use Ethernet for LAN access. PC-LAPTOP-NM1W-A The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1W-A module provides one 5GHz wireless interface suitable for connection to wireless 802.11a networks. The module supports protocols that use Ethernet for LAN access.

Server-PT

The Server-PT provides one slot. The Server-PT supports the same modules as the PC-PT except for the PC-HOST-NM-1AM module.

Printer-PT

The Printer-PT provides one slot. The Printer-PT supports the same modules as the PC-PT except for the PC-HOST-NM-1AM module.

7960

The 7960 IP Phone only provides a port for the power adapter. Module Name IP_PHONE_POWER_AD APTER Thumbnail Descriptio n The Cisco VoIP power adapter.

Home-VoIP-PT

The Home-VoIP-PT does not support modules.

Analog-Phone-PT

The Analog-Phone-PT does not support modules.

TV-PT

The TV-PT does not support modules.

TabletPC-PT

The TabletPC-PT does not support modules. However, it has a built-in Wireless interface.

PDA-PT

The PDA-PT does not support modules. However, it has a built-in Wireless interface.

WirelessEndDevice-PT

The WirelessEndDevice-PT does not support modules. However, it has a built-in Wireless interface.

WiredDevice-PT

The WiredDevice-PT does not support modules. However, it has a built-in FastEthernet interface.

Other Devices All images on this page are

thumbnails on which you can click to bring up a larger image.

Hub-PT

The Hub-PT provides ten slots. Module Name PT-REPEATERNM-1CE Thumbnail Description The PT-REPEATER-NM1CE features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchrono us ports. The PT-REPEATER-NM1CFE Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features

PT-REPEATERNM-1CFE

and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. PT-REPEATERNM-1CGE The PT-REPEATER-NM1CFE Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. The PT-REPEATER-NM1FFE Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast

PT-REPEATERNM-1FFE

Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. PT-REPEATERNM-1FGE The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PT-REPEATERNM-1FGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet optical connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC.

Repeater-PT

The Repeater-PT provides two slots.

The Repeater-PT supports the same modules that the HubPT supports.

CoAxialSplitter-PT

The CoAxialSplitter-PT does not support modules.

AccessPoint-PT

The AccessPoint-PT has a built-in antenna and provides one slot. The AccessPoint-PT supports the same modules that the Hub-PT supports.

AccessPoint-PT-A

The AccessPoint-PT-A has a built-in antenna and provides one slot. The AccessPoint-PT-A supports the same modules that the Hub-PT supports.

AccessPoint-PT-N

The AccessPoint-PT-N has a built-in antenna and provides one slot. The AccessPoint-PT-N supports the same modules that the Hub-PT supports.

Linksys-WRT300N

The Linksys-WRT300N wireless router has a built-in antenna and provides four fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports and one fixed Internet port (also 100BASETX, typically for connection to cable and DSL modems). The Linksys-WRT300N wireless router does not support modules.

Cloud-PT

Although a cloud is not a single device, Packet Tracer gives you access to a representation of a cloud. It provides ten slots, a console port, and an auxiliary port. Device Name PT-CLOUD-NM1AM Thumbnail Description The PT-CLOUD-NM-1AM card features dual RJ-11 connectors, which are used for basic telephone service connections. The WIC-1AM uses one port for connection to a standard telephone line, and the other port can be connected to a basic analog telephone for use when the modem is idle. The PT-CLOUD-NM-1CE features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronous ports. The PT-CLOUD-NM-1CFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use

PT-CLOUD-NM1CE

PT-CLOUD-NM1CFE

with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. PT-CLOUD-NM1CGE The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTCLOUD-NM-1CGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet copper connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. The PT-CLOUD-NM-1CX card features a single coaxial connector, which is used for a cable modem

PT-CLOUD-NM1CX

service connection. PT-CLOUD-NM1FFE The PT-CLOUD-NM-1FFE Module provides one FastEthernet interface for use with fiber media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications, the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTCLOUD-NM-1FGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet optical connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC. The PT-CLOUD-NM-1S provides a single port

PT-CLOUD-NM1FGE

PT-CLOUD-NM1S

serial connection to remote sites or legacy serial network devices such as Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) concentrators, alarm systems, and packet over SONET (POS) devices.

DSL-Modem-PT

The DSL-Modem-PT provides one slot. Device Name PT-MODEM-NM1CE Thumbnail Description The PT-MODEM-NM-1CE features a single Ethernet port that can connect a LAN backbone which can also support either six PRI connections to aggregate ISDN lines, or 24 synchronous/asynchronou s ports. The PT-MODEM-NM-1CFE Module provides one Fast-Ethernet interface for use with copper media. Ideal for a wide range of LAN applications,

PT-MODEM-NM1CFE

the Fast Ethernet network modules support many internetworking features and standards. Single port network modules offer autosensing 10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX (copper) version supports virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment. PT-MODEM-NM1CGE The single-port Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Network Module (part number PTMODEM-NM-1CGE) provides Gigabit Ethernet copper connectivity for access routers. The module is supported by the Cisco 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco 3725, and Cisco 3745 series routers. This network module has one gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slot to carry any standard copper or optical Cisco GBIC.

Cable-Modem-PT

The Cable-Modem-PT provides one slot. The Cable-Modem-PT supports the same modules that the DSL-Modem-PT supports.

5 .Collision domain and Broadcast domainCollision domain A collision domain is a physical network segment where data packets can collide with one another when being sent on a shared medium, in particular, when using the Ethernet networking protocol. A network collision occurs when more than one device attempts to send a packet on a network segment at the same time. Collisions are resolved using carrier sense multiple access or a variant thereof in which the competing packets are discarded and re-sent one at a time. This becomes a source of inefficiency in the network. This situation is typically found in a hub environment where each host segment connects to a hub that represents only one collision domain and only one broadcast domain. Collision domains are also found in wireless networking such as Wi-Fi. Only one device in the collision domain may transmit at any one time, and the other devices in the domain listen to the network in order to avoid data collisions. Because only one device may be transmitting at any one time, total network bandwidth is shared among all devices. Collisions also decrease network efficiency on a collision domain; if two devices transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs, and both devices must retransmit at a later time. To relieve the network of collision domains, it is recommended to use a network switch which increases the number of collision domains, but decreases each

collision domain's size. This is because each port on a switch is its own collision domain. Broadcast domain A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network in which all nodes can reach

each other by broadcast at the data link layer. A broadcast domain can be within the same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN segments. In terms of current popular technologies: Any computer connected to the same Ethernet repeater or switch is a member of the same broadcast domain. Further, any computer connected to the same set of inter-connected switches/repeaters is a member of the same broadcast domain. Routers and other higher-layer devices form boundaries between broadcast domains. Difference Between collision domain And Broadcast domain Collision domain is a logical area where the packets/frames get collied each other in a CSMA/CD ether network. All the hosts in that area trying to grab the access of the network/carrier to send out its data. In the case of Hub all the ports/host are in the same collision domain, means that only on host can able to send the data. But in the case of switch each port in the switch has seperate collision domain as it has the intelligence upto MAC layer. Broadcast domain is logical area, where the brocast packets are heard by the hosts.

In the case of Hub and all the ports/host are in the same broadcast domain. When a broad cast packet is generated in a network it is forwarded to all the prots of a switch or hub because broad cast packets have no IP addres. Therefore switch or hub run under one broadcast domain. When two hosts access the network at the same time (Suppose the entire network is free and PC1 and PC5 are accessing the ntwork at the same time) a collision occurs. In case of hub it run under one collision domain because it is a physical star topolgy device but working as bus but in case of switch, it tries prot to prot link there fore each port of a switch is a collision domain i.e. no of ports = no. of collision domain. Routers don't support broadcast and broadcast packets are dropped by router

6. TO ESTABLISH A CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO DEVICES USING A ROUTER Place two 2620xm routers and two devices to create the network. Switch off Router0 and add the WIC-2T module then switch on the power. Do the same with Router1. Cable connections are made as follows: Connect each router to a device using Cu cross over cable for connecting the fast Ethernet port and connect console to RS232 using console wire.

Connect the two routers at the serial port s0/0 using Serial DCE cable.

Provide IP address to the two devices.

Once the IP addresses have been provided configure the routers.

Similarly configure the second router however the clock rate need not be provided again. The green dots at the connections indicate the correct coding and that the systems are ready to share data.

Go to one of systems desktop-command prompt. Write the following command ping 20.0.0.2 where 20.0.0.2 is IP address of other system . Correct reply ensures proper connection.

7.List of Switch and Router CommandsRouter Commands1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Usermode commands Privilegemode commands Global configuration mode commands Interface subconfiguration mode commands Line subconfiguration mode commands Subnterface subconfiguration mode commands IP routing protocol subconfiguration mode commands

Switch supported commands1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Usermode commands Privilegemode commands Global configuration mode commands Interface subconfiguration mode commands Line subconfiguration mode commands Van mode commands Workstation commands