CLIVAR/GODAE Synthesis CLIVAR/GODAE Synthesis Evaluation Evaluation

Synthesis Evaluation EffortSynthesis Evaluation Effort

Is needed to determine the quality of existing global ocean Is needed to determine the quality of existing global ocean analysis/synthesis products and to assess their usefulness analysis/synthesis products and to assess their usefulness for climate research.for climate research.

Is needed to make recommendations for resource Is needed to make recommendations for resource allocations in the future. allocations in the future.

Should be oriented along global science questions.Should be oriented along global science questions. Should focus on global results and their usefulness for Should focus on global results and their usefulness for

climate research purposes, globally and for basins.climate research purposes, globally and for basins. Needs to be done in a close collaboration with CLIVAR's Needs to be done in a close collaboration with CLIVAR's

basin panels to their serve implementation, e.g., ongoing basin panels to their serve implementation, e.g., ongoing and planned regional process experiments.and planned regional process experiments.

Should include process modeling and IPCC communities.Should include process modeling and IPCC communities.

Synthesis Evaluation

The overall goals of the inter-comparison of global synthesis efforts The overall goals of the inter-comparison of global synthesis efforts are to:are to:Evaluate the quality and skillEvaluate the quality and skill of available global synthesis of available global synthesis products and determine their usefulness for CLIVAR.products and determine their usefulness for CLIVAR.Identify the common strength and weaknessIdentify the common strength and weakness of these systems and of these systems and the differences among them, as well as to identify what application the differences among them, as well as to identify what application can be best served by what synthesis approach. can be best served by what synthesis approach. Define and test climate-relevant indicesDefine and test climate-relevant indices that in the future should that in the future should be provided routinely by ongoing or planned synthesis efforts in be provided routinely by ongoing or planned synthesis efforts in support CLIVAR and of the wider community. support CLIVAR and of the wider community. Define climate data standardsDefine climate data standards required for CLIVAR syntheses. required for CLIVAR syntheses.

Global Science Questions: Global Science Questions:

1) THE OCEANS IN THE PLANETARY HEAT BALANCE: 1) THE OCEANS IN THE PLANETARY HEAT BALANCE: – heat storage, heat storage, – heat transports and heat transports and – ocean/atmosphere feedbacks. ocean/atmosphere feedbacks.

2) THE GLOBAL HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE: 2) THE GLOBAL HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE: – water balance, water balance, – rainfall variability rainfall variability – salinity and convection.salinity and convection.

3) SEA LEVEL: 3) SEA LEVEL: – sea level risesea level rise– sea level variabilitysea level variability..

Expected OutcomeExpected Outcome Quantitative statement of the skill of available global synthesis Quantitative statement of the skill of available global synthesis

products and their usefulness for CLIVAR.products and their usefulness for CLIVAR. Identification of common strength and weakness of systems and the Identification of common strength and weakness of systems and the

differences among them.differences among them. Prototype synthesis support of global and regional CLIVAR research Prototype synthesis support of global and regional CLIVAR research

(will be extended as work progresses). (will be extended as work progresses). Basis set of recommendations with regard to future synthesis resource Basis set of recommendations with regard to future synthesis resource

planning. planning. Recommendations for CLIVAR data processing and management.Recommendations for CLIVAR data processing and management. GSOP Web site to present climate indices from ocean syntheses over GSOP Web site to present climate indices from ocean syntheses over

last 50 years (counter part to OOPC indices from data alone).last 50 years (counter part to OOPC indices from data alone). Stimulation for WGOMD and IPCC to join in. Stimulation for WGOMD and IPCC to join in.

Metrics:

How do we measure goodnessin the synthesis evaluation??

MetricsMetrics

1.1. Systematic model-data comparison: RMS model Systematic model-data comparison: RMS model data differences rel. to prior data errors.data differences rel. to prior data errors.

2.2. Comparison to reference data sets, e.g., surface Comparison to reference data sets, e.g., surface fluxes.fluxes.

3.3. Comparison with time series stations.Comparison with time series stations.4.4. Computation of integral quantities.Computation of integral quantities.5.5. Budgets, e.g., heat content and its change.Budgets, e.g., heat content and its change.6.6. Model-Model differences (incl. first guess).Model-Model differences (incl. first guess).

Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:

1. RMS Model-Data Misfits: (Discussion Lead: Patrick 1. RMS Model-Data Misfits: (Discussion Lead: Patrick Heimbach) Heimbach)

Difference from WOA01 climatological (monthly, Jan.-Dec.) potential T & SDifference from WOA01 climatological (monthly, Jan.-Dec.) potential T & S

RMS misfit from Reynolds SSTRMS misfit from Reynolds SST

RMS misfit from in-situ T & S profiles (including XBT, CTD, Argo, moorings)RMS misfit from in-situ T & S profiles (including XBT, CTD, Argo, moorings)

RMS misfit from altimeter-derived SSHRMS misfit from altimeter-derived SSH

RMS misfit from tide-gauge SSHRMS misfit from tide-gauge SSH

2. Meridional Transports: (Discussion Lead: Armin Koehl)2. Meridional Transports: (Discussion Lead: Armin Koehl) Timeseries of meridional MOC of the global ocean, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Timeseries of meridional MOC of the global ocean, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific

as a function of latitude and depth and for the global ocean as a function of as a function of latitude and depth and for the global ocean as a function of latitude and potential density. latitude and potential density.

Timeseries of meridional heat and freshwater transports of the global ocean, Timeseries of meridional heat and freshwater transports of the global ocean, Atlantic, and Indo-Pacific as a function of latitude.Atlantic, and Indo-Pacific as a function of latitude.

Time series of maximum MOC strength and heat transport at 25N, 48N in Time series of maximum MOC strength and heat transport at 25N, 48N in North Atlantic North Atlantic

Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:

3. Change in Sea Level, Heat and Salt Content 3. Change in Sea Level, Heat and Salt Content (Discussion Leads: Magdalena Alonso Balmaseda; (Discussion Leads: Magdalena Alonso Balmaseda; Anthony Weaver)Anthony Weaver)– Monthly means of averaged temperature (proxy to heat content) Monthly means of averaged temperature (proxy to heat content)

and salinty over the upper 300m/750m and 3000m.and salinty over the upper 300m/750m and 3000m.– Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined

boxes in various parts of the ocean.boxes in various parts of the ocean.– Monthly means of sea level, and optionally steric height and/or Monthly means of sea level, and optionally steric height and/or

bottom pressure.bottom pressure.– Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined

boxes in various parts of the ocean.boxes in various parts of the ocean.

4. Transports through Key Regions: (Dsicussion Lead: 4. Transports through Key Regions: (Dsicussion Lead: Tong Lee)Tong Lee)– Indonesian throughflow volume transport Indonesian throughflow volume transport – ACC volume transport through the Drake passage.ACC volume transport through the Drake passage.– Florida Strait volume transport, temperature flux, and salinity flux.Florida Strait volume transport, temperature flux, and salinity flux.

Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:6. Water Masses: (Discussion Lead: Keith Haines and Tong 6. Water Masses: (Discussion Lead: Keith Haines and Tong

Lee)Lee) 18-C water volume in the N Atlantic Ocean, volumne-weighted average salinity of 18-C water volume in the N Atlantic Ocean, volumne-weighted average salinity of

the 18C water as a function of month.the 18C water as a function of month. Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and the T,S Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and the T,S

properties of that mixed layer. properties of that mixed layer. Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-80W) AND tropical Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-80W) AND tropical

Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), Depth of 20 degree isotherm in Pacific Ocean as a function of longitude, latitude, Depth of 20 degree isotherm in Pacific Ocean as a function of longitude, latitude,

and month.and month.

7. Indices: (Discussion Lead: Albert Fischer) 7. Indices: (Discussion Lead: Albert Fischer) Sea surface temperature anomaly indices averaged over lat-lon boxes in the Sea surface temperature anomaly indices averaged over lat-lon boxes in the

ocean. Here are the indices:ocean. Here are the indices:– Pacific: Nino1+2; Nino3; Nino3.4; Nino4 Pacific: Nino1+2; Nino3; Nino3.4; Nino4 – Indian: SETIO; WTIOIndian: SETIO; WTIO– N. Atlantic: Curry and McCartney transport index.N. Atlantic: Curry and McCartney transport index.

Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:

8. Surface Fluxes: (Discussion Lead: Lisan Yu)8. Surface Fluxes: (Discussion Lead: Lisan Yu) Monthly means of net surface heat and freshwater flux as function of geographic Monthly means of net surface heat and freshwater flux as function of geographic

location.location. Time mean of net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over entire model domain.Time mean of net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over entire model domain. Zonal averages of annual mean net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over the Zonal averages of annual mean net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over the

model domain.model domain.

Synthesis EvaluationSynthesis Evaluation

Individual synthesis efforts were ask to compute indices Individual synthesis efforts were ask to compute indices from their results prior to the workshop and make them from their results prior to the workshop and make them available to the project for further evaluation. available to the project for further evaluation.

Input has been solicited from individual basin panels Input has been solicited from individual basin panels regarding metrics and indices for global reanalyses and regarding metrics and indices for global reanalyses and the identification of CLIVAR reference data sets.the identification of CLIVAR reference data sets.

The evaluation effort will be based on results available The evaluation effort will be based on results available from the period 1950 to present, including those that cover from the period 1950 to present, including those that cover the TOPEX/JASON-1 era. the TOPEX/JASON-1 era.

Feedback from Indian Ocean Feedback from Indian Ocean PanelPanel

As extra indices: Intercomparison for the Indian-Ocean As extra indices: Intercomparison for the Indian-Ocean heat content, IOD index, and ITF, Wyrtki jet in the heat content, IOD index, and ITF, Wyrtki jet in the equatorial Indian Ocean, Agulhas outflow and related heat equatorial Indian Ocean, Agulhas outflow and related heat and freshwater transports. and freshwater transports.

One issue for using the products in the Indian Ocean: One issue for using the products in the Indian Ocean: intraseasonal variability is a key element for the IOP and intraseasonal variability is a key element for the IOP and AAMP, requires to archive the fields at finer intervals (say AAMP, requires to archive the fields at finer intervals (say 3-day averages).3-day averages).

Some details about legends

3D-VAR

RTS smoother

Comparison to WOA01 climatology (Forget, Heimbach, and Menemenlis)

(A) Maps of mean over seasonal cycle

(ia) T, S: lon/lat maps of vertical mean 0 to 750m

(ib) T, S: R.M.S. vs. lat. of zonal mean, and vertical mean 0 to 750m

(iia) as (ia), but vertical mean 750 to 3250 m

(iib) as (ib), but vertical mean 750 to 3250 m

(B) Seasonal cycle over top 100m

(i) Hovmueller-type diagram of lat-vs-month (0 to 100m)

(ii) Time series for following latitudinal band

-70 to -50 (ACC); -50 to -30 (SH mid-lat); -30 to -10 (SH sub-tropics)

-10 to 10 (tropics); 30 to 30 (NH sub-tropics); 30 to 50 (NH mid-lat)

50 to 70 (NH sub-polar)

Transport Transport MeasuresMeasures0(,,)(,,,)xe

zxwyztVxyztdxdz=∫∫

(,,) (,,,)sxe

xwytVxytdxdy s s s=

ò ò

0(,)(,,,)(,,,)xe

HxwHTytVxyztTxyztdxdz= ?∫∫

35 ,)/),,,(1(),,,(),(0

ò ò−o

H

x e

x w

o SdxdzStzyxStzyxVtyST

Meridional overturning, MOC:

MOC on density surfaces:

Heat transport (rel. 0oC):

Freshwater transport (rel. 35 psu):

K-7Global Global HeattransportHeattransport

Ganachaud&Wunsch(1996)

ENSEBLESNorth Atlantic North Atlantic Heattr.Heattr.

Ganachaud&Wunsch(1996)

K-7Indo-Pac. Indo-Pac. HeattransportHeattransport

Ganachaud&Wunsch(1996)

K-7Heat transport Heat transport 2525ooNN

K-7Heat transport Heat transport 4848ooNN

K-7Max. MOC 25Max. MOC 25ooNN

Bryden et al. (2005)

ECMWF

K-7Max. MOC 48Max. MOC 48ooNN

Heat/FW Heat/FW transporttransport

0.820.82

0.550.55

0.330.33

0.350.35

0.500.50

0.720.72

Global Global Mean FW Mean FW 30S (Sv)30S (Sv)

MOM 1-1/3MOM 1-1/3oo Lev Lev KPP,GMKPP,GM

OPA 2-1/2OPA 2-1/2oo,Lev, ,Lev, TKE, eddy velTKE, eddy vel

MOMMOM

MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev,Lev

MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev, ,Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM

MIT 1MIT 1oo, Lev, , Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM

MIT 1-1/3MIT 1-1/3oo, Lev , Lev KPP, GMKPP, GM

Model DetailsModel Details

OIOI

multivar. multivar. OIOI

adjointadjoint

adjointadjoint

adjointadjoint

partition partition KalmanKalman

Method Method DetailsDetails

-0.3-0.3Macdonald (1998)Macdonald (1998)1.301.300.500.50-0.80-0.801.801.80Ganachaud& Ganachaud& Wunsch (2000)Wunsch (2000)

2.22.2

1.011.01

1.151.15

1.261.26

1.401.40

1.451.45

Global Global Mean 25N Mean 25N (PW)(PW)

-0.08-0.08

-0.27-0.27

-0.018-0.018

0.0330.033

0.0340.034

-0.08-0.08

-0.37-0.37

Atl. Drift Atl. Drift 25N 25N (PW/10yr)(PW/10yr)

-0.45-0.45

-0.31-0.31

-0.31-0.31

-0.31-0.31

-0.35-0.35

Global Global Mean FW Mean FW 25N (Sv)25N (Sv)

-1.1-1.1

0.220.22

-0.78-0.78

-0.63-0.63

-0.44-0.44

-1.30-1.30

Global Global Mean 20S Mean 20S (PW)(PW)

0.70.7

0.200.20

0.330.33

0.380.38

0.450.45

0.440.44

Ind.-Pac. Ind.-Pac. Mean 25N Mean 25N (PW)(PW)

Atl. Atl. Seasonal Seasonal 25N (PW)25N (PW)

Atl. STD Atl. STD 25N (PW)25N (PW)

Atl. Mean Atl. Mean 25N (PW)25N (PW)

Heat/FW Heat/FW transporttransport

0.140.140.210.210.880.88ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr

0.160.160.990.99SODASODA

0.110.110.250.251.451.45INGVINGV

0.110.110.310.310.770.77GFDLGFDL

0.130.130.210.210.820.82ECCO-GODAEECCO-GODAE

0.130.130.210.210.960.96ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO

0.300.301.011.01ECCO-JPLECCO-JPL

ENSEBLESMOCMOC

-15-15

-10-10

-15-15

-8-8

-11-11

-16-16

Min. Ind-Min. Ind-Pac Pac

MOC(Sv)MOC(Sv)

MOM 1-1/3MOM 1-1/3oo Lev Lev KPP,GMKPP,GM

OPA 2-1/2OPA 2-1/2oo,Lev, ,Lev, TKE, eddy velTKE, eddy vel

MOMMOM

HOPE 1HOPE 1oo,Lev,Lev

MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev,Lev

MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev, ,Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM

MIT 1MIT 1oo, Lev, , Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM

MIT 1-1/3MIT 1-1/3oo, Lev , Lev KPP, GMKPP, GM

Model DetailsModel Details

NoNo

YesYes

6Sv6Sv

(No)(No)

7Sv7Sv

YesYes

13Sv13Sv

(No) (No) 4Sv4Sv

NoNo

(No) (No) 2Sv 2Sv

NoNo

………………..

10.4-6.510.4-6.5

l-NADWl-NADW

92 – 0292 – 02

3-5km3-5km

(Yes) 1Sv (Yes) 1Sv no ov. 20Sno ov. 20S

(Yes) only (Yes) only S Atl.S Atl.

YesYes

6Sv6Sv

(Yes) not (Yes) not ov.Eq.ov.Eq.

(Yes) not (Yes) not ov.Eq.ov.Eq.

(Yes) 1Sv (Yes) 1Sv not ov.Eq.not ov.Eq.

(Yes) too (Yes) too shallowshallow

………………

1.2-2.51.2-2.5

AABWAABW

North-Atl. North-Atl.

14(<27.72) 14(<27.72) ………….. …………..

………………....

-4.0-4.016(<27.72) 16(<27.72) 19.4-14.819.4-14.8

G & W (2000) G & W (2000) Bryden et al(2005)Bryden et al(2005)

2222

2525

3030

1717

1818

1919

1919

Max. Atl. Max. Atl. MOC (Sv)MOC (Sv)

Method Method DetailsDetails

Mean MOC Mean MOC 48N48N

(Sv)(Sv)

Drift MOC Drift MOC 25N, 92-02 25N, 92-02 (Sv/10yrs)(Sv/10yrs)

Seasonal Seasonal MOC 25NMOC 25N

(Sv)(Sv)

STD MOC STD MOC 25N (Sv)25N (Sv)

Mean MOC Mean MOC 25N (Sv)25N (Sv) MOCMOC

adjointadjoint17170.20.21.71.7331414ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr

OIOI13130.60.61.21.2441717SODASODA

multivarmultivar. OI. OI1818-3.3-3.31.21.2332222

INGVINGV

1515-1.5-1.51.21.2331414GFDLGFDL

OIOI-3.1-3.10.280.28221616ECMWF (30N)ECMWF (30N)

adjointadjoint1717-0.3-0.31.91.9331414ECCO-GODAEECCO-GODAE

adjointadjoint1919-0.7-0.71.81.8331616ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO

partition partition KalmanKalman1919-7.0-7.04.04.01717ECCO-JPLECCO-JPL

ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO/50y + ECCO-SIO/50y + Ref.Ref.

Bryden et al. (2005)

ECCO-50yECCO-50yECCO-50y

SODASODASODA

Temperature, Salinity and Sea Level:Temperature, Salinity and Sea Level:

climate variability from ocean reanalysesclimate variability from ocean reanalyses

(Intercomparison Items 3 & 4) (Intercomparison Items 3 & 4)

Magdalena A. BalmasedaAnthony Weaver

OutlineOutline Defining the variability: signal and noiseDefining the variability: signal and noise

– Seasonal cycle removed: Anomalies with Seasonal cycle removed: Anomalies with respect to the common period (1994-2000)respect to the common period (1994-2000)

– 12-month/3-month running mean12-month/3-month running mean

– Focus on the upper ocean (upper 300m): Focus on the upper ocean (upper 300m): Equator, Mid latitudesEquator, Mid latitudes

Temperature and salinity:Temperature and salinity:

– What can we say about climate variability?What can we say about climate variability?

– Time variation of uncertaintyTime variation of uncertainty

– Outliers?Outliers?

Source of uncertainty (forcing, model, assimilation method)?Source of uncertainty (forcing, model, assimilation method)?

Sea Level variations: volume or mass changes?Sea Level variations: volume or mass changes?

Summary and conclusionsSummary and conclusions

14214215.015.0-18.7-18.7MCTR 3DVARMCTR 3DVAR

5.65.61.71.71.01.02.12.1-0.5-0.5-1.2-1.215815827.527.5-14.5-14.5SODASODA

120~120~160160

31.931.9-10 ~ --10 ~ -1515

Obs. AnalysisObs. Analysis

Kg/sKg/sKg/sKg/sKg/sKg/sPWPWPWPWPWPWSvSvSvSvSvSv

5.15.11.51.51.01.01.91.9-0.4-0.4-0.9-0.914814826.626.6-11.1-11.1ECCO-GODAEECCO-GODAE

14914921.821.8-12.8-12.8MCTR KFMCTR KF

4.64.61.41.41.01.02.32.3-0.5-0.5-1.2-1.213213227.627.6-13.2-13.2ECCO-JPLKFECCO-JPLKF

179179-23.4-23.4MOVE-GMOVE-G

0.90.92.82.812712724.624.6-11.9-11.9INGVINGV

6.16.11.71.70.80.81.61.6-0.6-0.6-1.0-1.017117124.324.3-15.7-15.7GFDLGFDL

14814814.814.8-10.6-10.6ECMWFECMWF

5.35.31.61.61.11.12.22.2-0.4-0.4-0.9-0.915415430.630.6-10.7-10.7ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO

4.54.51.41.41.11.12.12.1-0.4-0.4-1.0-1.012912929.329.3-11.0-11.0ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr

14714724.224.2-13.2-13.2CRFS-2CRFS-2

14714716.616.6-12.9-12.9CRFS-ACRFS-A

157157-12.4-12.4K7K7

ACCsACCsACCtACCtFCsFCsFCtFCtITFsITFsITFtITFtACCACCFCFCITFITF

1993-2001 mean transports/fluxes: For Florida Current: black - meridional transport near 26.5N, 80-75W; red – zonal transport between Florida & Cuba.

3.53.53.03.02.32.3rms diff. among modelsrms diff. among models

5.05.04.54.52.62.64.34.3SODASODA

2.52.5MeasurementMeasurement

5.35.36.66.65.15.15.55.5MCTR 3DVARMCTR 3DVAR

3.33.3

2.82.8

3.43.4

5.55.5

3.63.6

3.03.0

3.13.1

2.92.9

5.35.3

4.94.9

rms dev. of FC from cable datarms dev. of FC from cable data

4.44.42.22.22.62.6ECCO-GODAE.v2.199ECCO-GODAE.v2.199

4.64.61.41.43.23.2MCTR KFMCTR KF

4.14.13.03.03.03.0ECCO-JPL ECCO-JPL RTS smootherRTS smoother

6.36.34.04.0MOVE-GMOVE-G

3.53.55.65.63.13.1INGVINGV

5.05.02.82.82.52.5GFDLGFDL

4.04.02.22.23.03.0ECMWFECMWF

4.64.62.22.22.52.5ECCO-SIO.it69ECCO-SIO.it69

4.14.11.61.62.42.4ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr

6.26.24.74.75.25.2CRFS-2CRFS-2

6.46.44.74.75.05.0CRFS-ACRFS-A

7.07.03.53.5K7K7

ACCACCFCFCITFITF(all in Sv)(all in Sv)

1993-2001 rms variability of volume transport, rms difference among models, and rms difference from cable measurements

ITF volume transport (Sv)

Anomaly relative to 1993-2001 mean

Total

Spinup problem

Remarkable consistency

Island Rule doesn’t work? Or effect of geometry/topography?

ACC salinity flux

Total

Anomaly relative to 1993-2001 mean

Ocean Water MassesOcean Water Masses

Keith Haines, Greg SmithKeith Haines, Greg Smith

Environmental Systems Science Centre (ESSC), Environmental Systems Science Centre (ESSC), Reading UniversityReading University

Requested DataRequested Data

Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-80W) AND tropical Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), = volume of 80W) AND tropical Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), = volume of water with T ≥ 20C (excluding Indonesian Seas) based on water with T ≥ 20C (excluding Indonesian Seas) based on monthly datamonthly data

Depth of 20C isotherm, 2S-2N average, as a function of Depth of 20C isotherm, 2S-2N average, as a function of longitude and time in Pacific (No results on this yet)longitude and time in Pacific (No results on this yet)

Annual means of 17.5-18.5-C water volume in the N Atlantic Annual means of 17.5-18.5-C water volume in the N Atlantic Ocean north of 22.5N, excluding Med/Gulf, from monthly dataOcean north of 22.5N, excluding Med/Gulf, from monthly data

Volume-weighted average salinity of the 18C water as a Volume-weighted average salinity of the 18C water as a function of month.function of month.

Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and the T,S properties of that mixed layer. Suggested MLD defined as the T,S properties of that mixed layer. Suggested MLD defined as surface temperature - 0.1C (Rather poor results)surface temperature - 0.1C (Rather poor results)

Unfiltered

Unfiltered

SST in boxesSST in boxes

Bermuda-Labrador Basin Transport IndexBermuda-Labrador Basin Transport Index

Curry and McCartney, JPO 2001

TBDTBD

Model standards: a recommendation from WGOMD about Model standards: a recommendation from WGOMD about model standards that should be followed by model standards that should be followed by assimilation/synthesis efforts would be welcome.assimilation/synthesis efforts would be welcome.

Forcing standards: it is intended to provide a flux reference Forcing standards: it is intended to provide a flux reference data set against which estimates of surface fluxes can be data set against which estimates of surface fluxes can be evaluated. Again a statement about which surface flux evaluated. Again a statement about which surface flux fields (e.g., which bulk formula) should be used, would be fields (e.g., which bulk formula) should be used, would be helpful. helpful.

Reference data sets are required for assimilation an model Reference data sets are required for assimilation an model evaluation. We need input from WGOMD about what and evaluation. We need input from WGOMD about what and how is required from CLIVAR DAAC’s.how is required from CLIVAR DAAC’s.

Reference Data Sets

CLIVAR is engaged in the WCRP-wide climate data sets reprocessing effort.CLIVAR is engaged in the WCRP-wide climate data sets reprocessing effort.In the context of CLIVAR's synthesis, CLIVAR reference data sets In the context of CLIVAR's synthesis, CLIVAR reference data sets and there and there error fieldserror fields are required for (1) the analysis of climate processes; (2) for the are required for (1) the analysis of climate processes; (2) for the evaluation of assimilation and WGOMD simulations and (3) as data constraints evaluation of assimilation and WGOMD simulations and (3) as data constraints input to global synthesis. input to global synthesis. CLIVAR reference data sets include in situ and satellite data sets, as well as CLIVAR reference data sets include in situ and satellite data sets, as well as surface flux reference data sets, among others. surface flux reference data sets, among others.

CLIVAR Reference Data SetsCLIVAR Reference Data Sets

Beyond CLIVAR's own needs, climate reference datasets Beyond CLIVAR's own needs, climate reference datasets are also required to meet wider needs for climate are also required to meet wider needs for climate information (GCOS Implementation Plan).information (GCOS Implementation Plan).

In particular the GCOS IP identifies the need for analysed In particular the GCOS IP identifies the need for analysed products for all Essential Climate Variables (ECVs).products for all Essential Climate Variables (ECVs).

Given CLIVAR’s responsibilities for the role of the oceans Given CLIVAR’s responsibilities for the role of the oceans in climate within WCRP, one of CLIVAR’s primary (but in climate within WCRP, one of CLIVAR’s primary (but indeed not sole) concerns lies in the area of reference indeed not sole) concerns lies in the area of reference datasets for the ocean ECVs and those related to air-sea datasets for the ocean ECVs and those related to air-sea exchange. exchange.

We need to help defining essential climate variable (ECV’s) We need to help defining essential climate variable (ECV’s) and to define CLIVAR’s effort in climate data reprocessing and to define CLIVAR’s effort in climate data reprocessing (insitu and satellite). (insitu and satellite).

Other Reference Data SetsExamples include:Examples include:SST Fields: Reynolds or Pathfinder SST, GHRSST-PP SST SST Fields: Reynolds or Pathfinder SST, GHRSST-PP SST ReanalysisReanalysisSSH Fields: TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1 sea level anomaly SSH Fields: TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1 sea level anomaly from AVISO or PO-DAACfrom AVISO or PO-DAACTime-mean sea surface topography synthesized from drifter data Time-mean sea surface topography synthesized from drifter data and T/P data (Niiler) and GRACE data. and T/P data (Niiler) and GRACE data. De-tided tide-gauge data at selected stations with IB correction De-tided tide-gauge data at selected stations with IB correction applied.applied.Selected WOCE lines and corresponding times P01 (50º N), P03 Selected WOCE lines and corresponding times P01 (50º N), P03 (25º N), P04 (10º N), P06 (30º S), P14 (dateline). A05 (25º N), A16N (25º N), P04 (10º N), P06 (30º S), P14 (dateline). A05 (25º N), A16N (20º W). I03 (20º S), I08N (80º E). TOGA-TAO, BATS, HOT, and (20º W). I03 (20º S), I08N (80º E). TOGA-TAO, BATS, HOT, and Station P time series. Station P time series. Levitus climatological of temperature and salinity.Levitus climatological of temperature and salinity.Velocity Fields: Surface drifter (Niiler), 900-m float (Davis) velocities; Velocity Fields: Surface drifter (Niiler), 900-m float (Davis) velocities; ADCP data. ADCP data. Surface Flux fields: as defined by white paper of Josey and Smith Surface Flux fields: as defined by white paper of Josey and Smith (2006).(2006).