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Clinically Relevant Functional Neuroanatomy 2: Neuroanatomy of Memory. Russell M. Bauer, Ph.D. University of Florida Functional Human Neuroanatomy 3 August, 2006. The Three Amnesias. Russell M. Bauer, Ph.D. (DON’T BELIEVE HIS LIES). Multiple Forms of Memory. The Human Amnesic Syndrome. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Clinically Relevant Functional Neuroanatomy 2: Neuroanatomy of MemoryRussell M. Bauer, Ph.D.University of FloridaFunctional Human Neuroanatomy3 August, 2006
The Three AmnesiasRussell M. Bauer, Ph.D. (DONT BELIEVE HIS LIES)
Multiple Forms of Memory
The Human Amnesic SyndromeImpaired new learning (anterograde amnesia), exacerbated by increasing retention delayImpaired recollection of events learned prior to onset of amnesia (retrograde amnesia), often in temporally graded fashionNot limited to one sensory modality or type of materialNormal IQ, attention span, nondeclarative forms of memory
Integrated Circuitry Linking Temporal, Diencephalic, and Basal Forebrain Regions
Medial Temporal SyndromesAnoxic-hypoxic syndromescardiac arrestCO poisoningAmnesia associated with ECTCNS Infections (Herpes)MTS and complex-partial epilepsy (material-specific)Early AD
Temporal Lobe Pathology Associated with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
The Case of Henry M (H.M.)
Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
HippocampusMammilary BodiesAnterior ThalamusCingulate GyrusFornixMamillothalamic TractAmygdalaDorsomedial ThalamusOrbitofrontalUncusTwo Limbic CircuitsMedial (Papez)LateralAmygdalofugal pathways
DGCA3CA1subic
Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
Delayed Nonmatching to Sample
Delayed Nonmatching to Sample, multiple trials, trial-unique objects
6-8 weeks postsurgery2 years postsurgery
Zola-Morgan & Squire, 1990Anterior Posterior
Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
Zola-Morgan & Squire, 1990
Murray & Richmond, Curr Opin Neurobiol, 2001
-perirhinal cortex obviously important in memory, but also apparently important in fine-grained visual discrimination
HippocampusMammillary BodiesAnterior ThalamusCingulate GyrusFornixMamillothalamic TractAmygdalaDorsomedial ThalamusOrbitofrontalUncusTwo Limbic Circuits and the Two-system theory of amnesiaMedial (Papez)LateralAmygdalofugal pathwaysPRPH
Diencephalic SyndromesKorsakoff Syndrome associated with ETOH abuse or malabsorptionprominent encoding deficitsrole of frontal pathologyVascular diseaseThalamic trauma
Mamillary Body Lesions in a case of Korsakoffs Disease
Lesion Profile in a Case of Thalamic Amnesia
Graff-Radford, et al, 1990
HippocampusMammillary BodiesAnterior ThalamusCingulate GyrusFornixMamillothalamic TractAmygdalaDorsomedial ThalamusOrbitofrontalUncusTwo Limbic Circuits and theTwo-system theory of amnesiaMedial (Papez)LateralAmygdalofugal pathways
Basal Forebrain SyndromesAnterior Communicating Artery (ACoA) infarctionsprominent anterograde, variable retrograde amnesiaprominent confabulationfrontal extension of lesionsBasal forebrain and cholinergic projections to hippocampus
HippocampusMammillary BodiesAnterior ThalamusCingulate GyrusFornixMamillothalamic TractAmygdalaDorsomedial ThalamusOrbitofrontalUncusTwo Limbic CircuitsMedial (Papez)LateralAmygdalofugal pathways
HippocampusMammillary BodiesAnterior ThalamusCingulate GyrusFornixMamillothalamic TractAmygdalaDorsomedial ThalamusOrbitofrontalUncusTwo Limbic CircuitsMedial (Papez)LateralAmygdalofugal pathwaysBauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003
EncodingDefinition: process of transforming to-be remembered in formation into memorable and retrievable formEncoding I: bringing information-processing capacity to bear on stimuliEncoding II: ability to use the results of E-1 mnemonicallyRelevance: levels-of-processing accounts of memory (memory as by-product of information processing)Clinical manifestation: poor immediate (superspan) recall
Key PointsExtended memory system including hippocampus, amygdala, and basal forebrainWe (basically) understand anatomy, now we need to understand computationNotion of distinct subtypes of amnesia generally less favorable now than 10 years agoCertain structures are wired for associational processing; these structures are reciprocally connected to cortical processors