Clines Kuntz Gitay

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Books on the Net: A Publishers View

David J. A. ClinesUniversity of Sheffield and Sheffield Academic Press

Note: This paper arose from the AAR/ASOR/SBL session Constructs of the Social and CulturalWorlds of Antiquity, November 24, 1996, New Orleans, the theme being Inventing the Past:Constructing a Digital Past. I was asked to be a resource person. When I came home I wrote upsome of the ideas that participating in this event had given me. Here they are.We are hearing a lot these days about electronic publishing, and I am responding especially inthis piece to the idea of publishing on the Web. I think that there is still a lot of room for CD-

publishing, especially of reference works and sets of already published books, but my interesthere is rather more on first-time publishing on the Web.The attraction of publishing on the Web is its immediacy, both in time and space. It is immediate

publication in time because what I put on the web this morning is readable instantly by anyone; it

is immediate spatially in that there are no barriers, beyond access to the Web itself, between meas the author and my readers.I myself find the possibility of publishing on the Web immensely attractive, and fluctuate all thetime between thinking it is the way I must go, as a scholar and an author, and between thinkingthat its drawbacks at present make it a mistake.As an author, I should confess that I shall use the Web however it benefits me, and I shall, likemost of my colleagues, take a pretty short-term view of the effects of publication via thismedium. But as a publisher, I have some other views, rather longer-term in nature, and I feel thatit is my responsibility, as it is the responsibility of relatively few others, to lay them beforeauthors and scholars.

1. Publishers Publishing on the Net

I need to distinguish first between publishers publishing on the Net and individuals publishingtheir own works on the Net. I have been hearing of the plans of Scholars Press to publish Semeiaand the Journal of Biblical Literature on the Net. I welcome this in my personal capacity as ascholar, who can never have enough instant access to what may be significant for my ownresearch, but on the whole I do not feel very happy about this move.My misgivings arise from the expectations that such publication will inevitably give rise to.Above all, the publication of scholarly articles will be perceived as free, and the question willnecessarily be raised why other publishers cannot give the same free access to materials. Thereare some ugly rumours around, it needs to be said, about avaricious publishers who are rippingoff scholars (and have been doing so for centuries), and not many tears will be shed in somequarters over a new technology that appears to give publishers their long-deserved come-uppance.The truth about the publication of JBL and Semeia articles on the Net is that they are not free,and that we have already paid for them in our subscription dollars. If we have, I can see that wecould argue that we already have a kind of moral right to them; and I shall certainly be takingthat position myself when it comes to my use of JBL on the Net. But as a publisher, I shall bemaking loud and clear my position that SBL can be said to be setting a bad example.

What scholars generally do not recognize is that the process of publishing is an enhancement of

their own scholarly work. It is not a necessary evil, in which scholars become hostage tocommercial interests at conflict with their own. It is high time, I believe, to review and to analysethe added value given to the scholarly product by the process of publishing, and that is the

purpose of this piece.


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2. The Costs of a Research Article

Here are some figures. They are not very scientific, but on the other hand, I dont know ofanyone who has tried to estimate these elements before, so I claim some sort of truth for them.

Lets talk about the value of a scholarly article.1. Authoring. I reckon (from my own experience) that it typically takes 100 hours to write ascholarly article of 8000 words (20 printed pages). If I reckon a typical scholars time at $60 perhour, that means a cost of $6000 for the article. How do I get $60 per hour? I start with anaverage salary of $45,000. and reckon the overhead costs to the institution (as they are to mine)of 100% of the cost of salaries. That is, it costs as much to maintain the plant, pay the janitorsand administrators, and to fund the library-in short, to keep the institution running as a placewhere academic research can be done-, as it does to pay the academic staff. And I reckon anacademic owes their institution a 35-hour week 42 weeks a year, which makes 1470 productivehours a year; lets say, 1500 hours per year for the ease of calculation. So, if it costs $90,000 p.a.to employ an academic (salary plus overheads), and it takes the academic 100 hours to write a

publishable scholarly paper, it costs 90,000 * 100/1500 (= $6,000) for the paper.Now, most academics work more than 35 hours a week, In Britain, the average (as reckoned bythe Association of University Teachers, our trade union, is 53 hours per week). If we take that asthe baseline, the cost of an article is rather less, at 90,000 * 100/(42*53) (= $4043). Or if ouracademic is working 70 hours a week, which seems to be more and more the case, then the costof an article is more like $3000. And then again, some scholars take a lot less than 100 hours towrite a scholarly paper (or so it seems to me!). A workaholic author who works 70 hours a weekand writes 400 words an hour may produce a paper for as little as $1200. But on the whole, Iwould say that what an academic paper costs in the authors time is somewhere between $3000and $6000. No one knows for sure and to be precise, since every paper is different from everyother paper. But I have timed my own paper writing activities, and that is my best estimate. It is

better than no estimate at all, which is what academics, who care so desperately about facts, have(surprisingly) on the whole been content to have.2. Publishing. Now, what does the publishing process add by way of value to the authors paper?I talk only of dollar value, since I know of no way of quantifying the process otherwise. But I amnot ashamed of doing so, since it is no more than a measure of the time of scholars and other

professionals engaged in the process of publishing academic research, and I dont think there isanything particularly gross in so doing (though, as far as I am aware, no one has previously hadthe nerve to do so).What then does the publishing process add by way of value (I am still talking of dollar value)?First comes the editorial value. Suppose we are talking about a paper that is being submitted to a

scholarly journal. What costs are involved? I take the case of a scholarly journal that publishes500 pages a year (like the Journal for the Study of the Old Testament or Biblical Interpretation,which are those closest to my own experience). They typically publish 25 articles a year of 20-

page papers. I reckon it costs 300 hours per year to evaluate manuscripts and do the initialediting of the accepted manuscripts. I am counting all the time it takes to select those 25manuscripts and edit the selected 25 to the standards of the general editor. For every one of themanuscripts selected there will be one or two or three that are reviewed by the editorial board butnot selected, but I am charging the cost of their review to those that are finally selected; for whoelse is going to pay for the review process than the articles that make it through to selection? Thecost of review and selection of all the articles submitted is not unreasonably (I think) a cost tothose articles that are selected.

So, what is the cost? Editors and reviewers of manuscripts tend to be more senior scholars thanthe average author of a scholarly article, so I will charge their time at $100 an hour rather thanthe $60 an hour I costed for the authors of articles (that is, I am reckoning that they are costing


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their institutions $75,000 to employ, which means that they have salaries like $60,000 or40,000). And I reckon that general editor and reviewers together will spend 300 hours a yearreviewing and editing manuscripts, perhaps 50 or 100 manuscripts, which not only need to beread, but also to be evaluated and written about, and also to be administered, and recorded, andreplied to, usually by those very editors who are costing the process $100 an hour. 300 hours a

year at $100 per hour is $30,000-just for the editing process, which is $1200 per article accepted.We must range this figure against the $3000 to $6000 it costs for the authoring of the article.There is a further cost. It is the publishers cost for copy-editing the articles, typesetting them,

printing them, selling and distributing the journals. The printing and manufacturing cost is notthe major element in the publishers cost. That cost is of course the cost that can be eliminated(or rather, greatly reduced) by the production of electronic books and journals, but, as I say, it isnot the most important cost. For it is $300 or $400 for the standard scholarly article of 20 pageswe are considering here. That, let it be noted, is the only cost that can be attacked by electronic

publication. The inescapable cost, if the traditional added value of the publishers input is to beretained, is about $40 per page, or $800 for the typical scholarly paper.That $40 per page is spent, first, on copy-editing the manuscript, checking that the sentences

make sense, are written in acceptable English, have no grammatical or spelling errors, and thatthe format of citations and footnotes and bibliographic is consistent and correct. In most cases,the copy editor will have to correspond with the author, and will certainly read proofs of thearticle, send corrected proofs to the author, check that the proof corrections returned from theauthor still correspond with housestyle, and check that the typesetter has made the correctionscorrectly.The other major element in the publishers $40 per page cost is the cost of marketing. This willinclude the cost of preparing and distributing catalogues, of taking advertising space, of puttingon shows at scholarly conventions. It will also be the cost of selling, that is, of receiving orders,

preparing and sending invoices, receiving and registering payments, sending out reminders.Now, none of these $40 per page costs can be escaped from by electronic publication-not if thestandards of present-day publication are to be maintained, and not if the publication itself is to besold rather than languish as a pile of CDs in a warehouse or sit on someones server without

being accessed. Copy-editing, printing, selling and mailing a typical scholarly article costs in allsomething like $1200.3. Value added. What all this adds up to is that the value added to what I am calling a typicalscholarly article by the publication process is of the order of $2400, which we should comparewith the origination cost (the authors time) of $3000 to $6000 (depending on how we costacademic time). The publication process thus adds between 40% and 80% to the value of thearticle as it left the authors desktop printer.Anyone who has seen as many manuscripts as they left their authors hands as I have will not

doubt that on the whole it is money well spent. If we want to continue to receive scholarlyproducts of the quality we have become used to, there are no magic ways of reducing the costs,and thus the price. (As for price, incidentally, the primary determinant is, as ever, the number ofcopies sold. We have only to reflect on the difference in price between the daily newspaper at 50cents and the scholarly monograph 100 times more expensive at $50-the newspaper longer andmore costly to edit than the monograph-to recognize the truth of that.)

3. Personal Publishing on the Net

Now, we do not always have to communicate with one another through properly reviewed andcarefully prepared texts. Sometimes, by analogy, we write a formal letter and put it in the mail

and sometimes we send a scrappy e-mail, and on the whole both systems serve their purposewell. Why should scholars not forego, when they choose to, the added value of the publishing

process, and for the sake of the immediacy put up with the loss of value? Even if there is a loss


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of accuracy in not having other eyes read over ones work, is that such a big problem? Accuracyis an important scholarly value, I agree, but it is not the only one, and it is not even the mostimportant one (I now find myself saying). Brilliance, being right, and creativity are all moreimportant; and even timeliness, joining a discussion at the critical moment, and aptness to themoment are above accuracy, in my opinion. If we are doing good work, it is only right that we

want it out there and we want it out there now.I have come to the conclusion that we can and should do our own publishing on the Web, andthat is what I am doing myself with all my own writing except when there are or seem to becopyright problems (as with a book already contracted to a publisher). Mind you, I wouldwelcome a statement from the editors of JBL and VT as also from my favourite book publisherthat I will not be prejudicing my chances of having my work accepted for formal publication if I

pre-publish it on the Web, but somehow I dont think I am going to get it.But there is certainly a downside to self-publication. Here are some of the points that occur tome.1. How does anyone find it? Myself, I am using all the time the ATLA database as my resourcefor finding scholarly books and articles. It is so comprehensive that I feel quite secure that if I

find nothing there that touches my theme, there is nothing at all written on the topic that I need toattend to. But if people like myself are going to be putting their writing on the Web, how am Igoing to know where to go looking for it? I am not going to do a universal search every time Iwant to see what has been published on Psalm 23.2. It is a long time before self-publication is going to be recognized for tenure. Probably never,and no doubt that is a good thing. Some filtering process is surely in the best interests of fairness,even if immediate self-publication of the latest scholarly ideas is perhaps more in the bestinterest of the advancement of the discipline.3. What if the idea of the electronic book and the electronic research paper should take over?What if, indeed, future generations of researchers should count on getting all their researchmaterials from the Web? How are they going to store the data? is what I am asking myself. Formyself, when I find some electronic text that I want, my first inclination is to print it out. When Iaccessed the papers for the sessions of Constructs of the Social and Cultural Worlds of Antiquityon the Web, I downloaded them onto my hard disk, and then immediately printed them. On the

plane, where I intended to read them, I had them on my laptop, but also in hard copy. Whichversion did I read? Everyone at the session when I asked that question knew my answer.What would the academic office of the future look like if it contained the printouts of a lifetimesnet-working, I wondered. I have in my office in the University 450 feet of bookshelves, or 5400inches. Each inch contains 300 pages, so I must have 1,620,000 pages. Each page has, say, 400words or 4K, so there are 4,050,000K of data, just over 4 GB. I could get a 4 GB drive on mydesk, no problem, but what would happen if I had been printing the stuff out? Printing paper is

thicker than book paper, and printouts are usually on one side only. I would get only 25,000pages of printout in a four-drawer filing cabinet, so I would need 64 filing cabinets, occupying96 feet of wall-space. I would certainly need a larger office, but the thought of filing andretrieving those 1.6m sheets of paper fills me with terror. If books did not exist, it would benecessary to invent them.

Professor Yehoshua GitayIsadore and Theresa Cohen Chair of Hebrew Language and Literatures and Co-director of theCentre for Rhetoric Studies, University of Cape Town.

University of Cape Town: Life Fellow (2000-)

Office Address:KaplanCentre, University of Cape Town, Private Bag,Rondebosch 7701, South Africa


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Phone: 27-21 650 2950Fax: 27-21 650 3062E-mail: [email protected],[email protected] areas of research

Biblical rhetoric and the art of argumentation, religious rhetoric, and theories of literature, as

well as political South African and Israeli rhetoric.Prof. Gitay has worked intensively on the art of argumentation of the Prophetic discourse, withspecial attention to the book of Isaiah, as well as Amos, Jeremiah and other prophetic books. Healso works on the rhetoric of the wisdom literature and topics in biblical theology and ideology.Background

Post-doctorate in classical rhetoric with Professor George Kennedy of the University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill.Specialised in Biblical rhetoric, one of the founders of the field of (Hebrew) Biblical modes ofargumentations. See reference for Gitays contribution to (Hebrew) biblical rhetoric see PhyllisTrible,Rhetorical Criticism, 1994.Organised international conferences on religion and rhetoric.

Visiting ProfessorshipsHaifa University, IsraelBen Gurion University of the Negev, IsraelTechnion - Israel Institute of TechnologyRhodes College, Distinguished Visiting Professor of Hebrew BibleChair of Excellence, Bornblum Judaic Studies, Memphis UniversityColumbia University, New YorkThe Jewish Theological Seminary of America

Professional Societies

National (American) Society of Biblical Literature

Association for Jewish StudiesInternational Society for the History of RhetoricWorld Union of Jewish StudiesColumbia University: University Seminars, Seminar on the Study of the Hebrew BibleAmerican School of Oriental ResearchModern Language AssociationAssociation for Religion and Intellectual LifeSpeech CommunicationCatholic Biblical AssociationSouth African Association for the Study of the Old TestamentSouth African Academy of ReligionAssociation for Rhetoric and Communication in Southern AfricaSouth African Association for Literary StudiesIsrael Communication AssociationThe American Association of Professors of Hebrew Editorial Boards

Reviewer, Old Testament Abstracts

The New Series on Ancient Rhetoric, Brill, Leiden

The Study of the Hebrew Bible

Old Testament Essays

Reviewer, Annale van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch

Guest Editor, The Journal of Religion: Religion and Rhetoric

Executive: Scholarly Societies

President, Association for Rhetoric and Communication in Southern Africa (ARCSA)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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International Society for the History of Rhetoric.

SUPERVISINGCurrent MA Theses:

The Teaching of the Hebrew Bible in the multi- cultural Sphere of South Africa

The Book of Haggai: Literature and Ideology

Samuel: A Psyco-Historical (Erikson) Approach

The Book of Qohelet: A rhetorical Analysis

The Status of the Women: A Literary Comparison between the Samsons Narrative and

the Book of Proverbs

The Prophets and the Temple

Chapters in South Africa Rhetoric: The Budget speeches: A comparative study of the

Apartheid era and afterCurrent PhD Dissertations:

The Book of Ruth: The Status of the Women in the Hebrew Bible

The Communicative Dimension of the Biblical Discourse

Completed:

Rabbi R Kadosh. MA Thesis: Jewish Theodicy: Reflections of the Holocaust and

Zionism in Rabbinical Thought (2002)

Johanna Weener-Hartney. PhD dissertation: The Book of Genesis and the Genesis

Apocryphon:A Literary and Thematic Comparison (2000)

David Cole: The Tabernacle and the Temple of Solomon: The Biblical Data. MA Thesis

(2000)

Z Goodman: PhD Dissertation on the Voice of the Women in Modern Hebrew Literature

(1998)

Rabbi E Cohen: MA Thesis: The Dialogues in the Book of Kohelet (1997)

List of publications

BOOKS

Prophecy and Persuasion (Forum Theologiae Linguisticae 14; Bonn: Linguistica Biblica, 1981)Isaiah and His Audience (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1991)Future and Communication(Co-Editor. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications,1997)

Prophecy and Prophets (Editor. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997)Literary Responses to the Holocaust 1945-1995 (Editor. San Francisco: International ScholarsPublications, 1998)Religion Rhetoric and Politics (ed.) Journal for the Study of Religion. Vol. 14/1. 2001.Religion and Rhetoric (Ed.) Journal for the Study of Religion. Vol. 15/1. 2002.The Book of Job: An Anthology of Critical Studies (Editor. Haifa: Haifa University , 1973)The Human Search for Justice: The Case of Hebrew Literature.Inaugural Lecture, CapeTown: University of Cape Town (1994).War and Peace in Hebrew Literature: Past and Present.The Fifth Jacob Gitlin Memorial

Lecture, Cape Town: Jacob Gitlin Library (1993).

For Reviews of Gitays method of Rhetorical Analysis consult the following:

LD Ferris, inHebrew Studies 22 (1981) 160-161

J Clifford, in Catholic Biblical Quarterly 44(1982) 480-482EL Greenstein,How does Parallelism Mean? A Sense of Text, Jewish Quarterly Review Sulement (1982) 41-70DL Petersen, inReligious Studies Review 9(1983) 68-69


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Vetus Testamentum 22(1983) 118Religious Studies Review 9-1(1983) 69SM Paul, inHebrew Annual Review 7(1983) 203-217RJ Clifford,Fair Spoken and Persuading: An Interpretation of Second Isaiah,New York: PaulistPress (1984)

B Wilkander,Prophecy as Literature, GWK Gleerup (1984)M Brennan Dick,Prophetic Poiesis and the Verbal Icon, in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 46(1984) 226-246

NJ Tromp,Amos V 1-17: Towards a Stylistic and Rhetorical Analysis, OudtestamentischeStudien 23 (1984) 56-84A Graffy,A Prophet Confronts His People, Rome: Rome Biblical Institute Press (1984)

NJ Tromp, inProphets, Worship and Theodicy, Leiden: EJ Brill (1984)WGE Watson, Classical Hebrew Poetry: A Guide to its Techniques, Journal for the Study of theOld Testament, Supplement Series 26 (1984) 82-83A Preminger and EL Greenstein, The Hebrew Bible in Literary Criticism,New York: Ungar(1986)

JH Hayes and CR Holladay,Biblical Exegesis: A Beginners Handbook, Atlanta: John KnowPress (1987)The Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense (1987) has dedicated a seminar to GitaysProphecy and

Persuasion

W Magass, inRhetorik6(1987) 193-195DL Petersen (Editor),Prophecy in Israel, Philadelphia: Fortress Press (1987), esp 1-21H Bloom, The Bible (Modern Critical Views),New York: Chelsea House Publishers (1987)JH Hayes and SA Irvine,Isaiah: His Times & His Preaching, Nashville: Abingdon Press (1987)

NK Gottwald, The Hebrew Bible: A Socio-Literary Introduction, Philadelphia: Fortress Press(1987)JA Soggin, The Prophet Amos: A Translation and Commentary, SCM Press Ltd (1987)MA Sweeney,Isaiah 1-4 and the Post-Exilic Understanding of the Isaiahic Tradition,NewYork: Walter de Gruyter (1988)JH Hayes,Amos: His Times & His Preaching,Nashville: Abingdon Press (1988)

Recensiones (1988) 425-426A Berlin, The Prophetic Literature of the Hebrew Bible, inA roaches to Teaching the Hebrew

Bible as Literature in Translation, (1989)EL Greenstein (Editor), The State of Jewish Studies, Wayne State University (1990), esp 23-46SN Rosenbaum,Amos of Israel: A New Interpretation, Peeters/Mercer Publishers (1990)SM Paul,Amos, Minneapolis: Fortress Press (1991)AH Bartelt, Style and Structure in Prophetic Rhetoric, PhD dissertation (Near Eastern Studies

University of Michigan) (1991)RE Clements, Old Testament Study Booklist 1992 (Literary Criticism and Introduction) (1992)71-72DH Ludlow (Ed), The Encyclopaedia of Mormonism (Vol 18) Hebrew Bible Form Criticism,

New York: MacMillan Publishing Company (1992)A Berlin, inJewish Quarterly Review 82(1992) 193DF Watson (Editor),Rhetorical Criticism of the Bible, Leiden: EJ Brill (1993)CS Shaw, The Speeches of Micah, Sheffield: JSOT Press (1993)

Rhetorica 7 (1994) 125P Trible,Rhetorical Criticism, Minneapolis: Fortress Press (1994)G Aichele (Editor), The Postmodern Bible, New Haven: Yale University (1995) 149-186

BC Jones,Howling over Moab: Irony and Rhetoric in Isaiah, SBL, Atlanta Scholars Press(1996)


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Isaiah 1-39 with an Introduction to Prophetic Literature. A Review Article inHebrew Studies40 (1999) 315-320. The Failure of Argumentation in the Book of Job: Humanistic Language Versus Religious

Language.Journal of North West Semitic Languages 25 (1999) 1-12. The Poetics of the National Disaster: The Rhetorical Presentation Lamentations. In: Literary

Responses to the Holocaust, Y Gitay (Ed). San Francisco: International Scholars Publications,1998. 1-11. Uri Zevi Greenberg: A Poem from the Forest: The Poetics of Hebrew Poetry of the Holocaust. In: Literary Responses to the Holocaust, Y Gitay (Ed). San Francisco: International ScholarsPublications, 1998. 41-53. Why Metaphors? A Study of the Texture of Isaiah. In: Writing and Reading the Scroll ofIsaiah, CC Broyles and CA Evans (Eds). Leiden: Brill, 1997. 57-65.Back to Historical Isaiah: Reflections on the Act of Reading. In: Studies in the Book of Isaiah,(Festschrift: WAM Beuken) J van Ruiten and M Vervenne (Eds). Leuven: University Press,1997, 63-72. The Projection of the Prophet: A Rhetorician Presentation of the Prophet Jeremiah. In:

Prophecy and Prophets, Y Gitay et al(Eds). Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997, 41-55.Judaism and Christianity: Two Distinctive Religions?Journal for Theology for SouthernAfrica 97(1997), 97-100. Communicating the Scientific Discourse. In: Future and Communication (Co-Ed). SanFrancisco: International Scholars Publications, 1997, 22-29.A Designed Anti-Rhetorical Speech: Ezra and the Question of Mixed Marriage.Journal ofNorth West Semitic Languages 23(1997) 57-68. Why Metaphors? A Study of the Texture of Isaiah. In: Writing and Reading the Scroll ofIsaiah, CC Broyles and CA Evans (Eds). Leiden: Brill, 1997, 57-65. Geography and Theology in the Biblical Narrative: The Question of Genesis 2-12. In:Prophecy and Paradigms, (Festschrift: GM Tucker) SB Reid (Ed). Sheffield: SheffieldAcademic Press, 1996, 205-216.Defending Zion, by CR Mathews. Review in: Old Testament Essays 10(1997) 360-362. The Realm of Prophetic Rhetoric. In: Rhetoric, Scripture and Theology, SE Porter and THOlbricht (Eds). Sheffield: Sheffield University Press, 1996, 218-229. The Question of (Hebrew) Bible Theology: A Prolegomenon. Scandinavian Journal of theOld Testament 10(1996) 60-68.Psalm 1 and the Rhetoric of Religious Argumentation. In: Literary Structure and RhetoricalStrategies in the Hebrew Bible, LJ de Regt et al(Eds). Assen: Van Gorcum, 1996, 232-240.Isaiah, The Book of. In: Harper Collins Bible Dictionary, Revised Edition, PJ Achtemier (Ed).San Francisco: Harper, 1996, 458-464.

The Dead Sea Scrolls, Vol 1, Rule of the Community,by JH Charlesworth. Review in: OldTestament Essays 9(1996) 532-534. Text and Transmission, by TH Jurgen. Review in: Old Testament Essays 9 (1996) 550-552.Proverbs,by RN Whybray. Review in: OldTestament Essays 9 (1996) 554-557. Wisdom and Revoltby LG Perdue. Review in: Jewish Quarterly Review 86 (1995) 202-204. The Individual versus the Institution: The Prophet versus His Book. In: Religion and theReconstruction of Civil Society, JW de Gruchy (Ed.). Pretoria: University of South Africa,1995, 279-292. Symbolism and Theology in Early Judaism, by J Neusner. Review in: Journal of Theology forSouthern Africa 92(1995) 78-79.Jonahs Anti-Rhetoric. In Fortunate the Eye that Sees: Essays in Honor of David Noel

Freedman, AB Becket al(Eds). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995, 211-221.


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WF Albright and the Question of Early Hebrew Poetry. In: History and Interpretation:Essays in Honor of John H Hayes, MP Graham (Ed). Sheffield: Sheffield university, 1993,192-202.Rhetorical Criticism. In: To Each its Own Meaning: Introduction to Biblical Criticism andtheir Application, SR Haynes & SK McKenzie (Eds). Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press

(1993) 135-149.Zions Final Destiny by CR Seitz. Review in: Hebrew Studies 34(1993) 193-195.Ruth: Introduction and Commentary, by Y Zakovitch. Review in: The Association forJewishStudies Review 18(1993) 285-288.Reflections on the Poetics of the Samuel Narrative: The Question of the Ark Narrative.TheCatholic Biblical Quarterly 54 (1992), 221-230. The Elusive Covenant: A Structural Semiotic Reading of Genesis,by TJPPrewitt. Review in:(American) Jewish Association Review 17(1992) 89-91.Micah and Isaiah, by G Stansell (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988). Review in: Jewish QuarterlyReview 82(1991) 215-217. The Book of J, by H Bloom (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990). Review in: Cross-Currents

41(1991) 410-413.Rhetorical Criticism and the Prophetic Discourse. In: Persuasive Artistry,DF Watson (Ed).Sheffield: JSOT, 1991, 13-24.Religious Rhetoric: Past and Present Dialogue. Y Malkin (Ed). Jerusalem: The Israeli Instituteof the Art of Speech, 1990, 16-19 (in Hebrew).Malachi: The Divine Message, by B Glazier-MacDonald. Review in: Religious StudiesReview 16(1990) p 257. Crofts on the Individual in the Psalms,Jewish Quarterly Review 80(1989) 146-47. Oratorical Rhetoric: The Question of Prophetic Language. In: Amsterdamse Cahiers, KADeurloo etal (Ed). Uitgeversmaatscha ij, JH Kokkampen (1989) 72-83. The Syro-Ephraimite War and the Prophetic Reaction: A Rhetorical Reading. In: The Book ofIsaiah, J Vermeylen (Ed). Leuven: University press (1989) 217-230. Untersuchungen zur Allegorischen Rede der Propheten Amos und Jesaja,by AJ Bojorndalen.Review in: Religious Studies Review 15(1989) p 257. The Book of Isaiah: The Status of Research. Biblical Review 4, 6(1988) 10-15. The Place and Function of the Son of the Vineyard in Isaiahs Prophecy.The Bible (ModernCritical Reviews), H Bloom (Ed). New York: Chelsea House Publishers (1987) 195-203.Isaiah. In: Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 7,289-295.Micah.Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 9, 496-498.

Amos.Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 1, 240-243.Hosea.Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 Volumes, M Eliade (Ed). Macmillan (1987) Vol 6, 468-470. The Formation of Isaiah, by RF Melugin. Review in: The Jewish Quarterly Review77(1986/7) 218-219. Structure and Content in the Psalms, by J Bazak. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature105(1986) 709-710. The First Book of Samuel: A Literary Study,by M Garsiel. Review in: Journal of BiblicalLiterature 105(1986) 137-138.Isaiah: The Book and the Prophet. In: Harper Bible Dictionary (New Edition) (1985) 426-

432 (plus various other articles). Yehuda Messer Leon: Nofet Zufim (1475): A Review Article on the History of Hebrew Writingon Rhetoric.The Quarterly Journal of Speech 71, 3(1985) 379-383.


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The Effectiveness of Isaiahs Speech. The Jewish Quarterly Review 75(1984) 162-172. The Patriarchs in Hebron and Sodom (Genesis 18-19), by T Rudin-Obransky. Review in:Journal of Biblical Literature 103(1984) 639-640. Traditional Saying in the Old Testament,by CR Fountaine. Review in: Journal of BiblicalLiterature 103(1984) 438-439.

The Idea of Biblical Poetry,by JL Kugel. Review in: Journal of the Association for JewishStudies 9(1984) 113-116.Isaiah and His Audience.Prooftexts 3(1983) 223-230.Reflections on the Study of the Prophetic Discourse.Vetus Testamentum 33 (1983) 207-221. The Book of Balaam: A Study in Methods of Criticism and the History of Biblical Literatureand Religion, (Hebrew) by A Rofe. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 100(1981) 471-472. The Book of Job,by R Gordis. Review in: Journal of the American Oriental Society101(1981) 248-250.A Study of Amoss Art of Speech: A Rhetorical Analysis of Amos 3:1-15.The Catholic BiblicalQuarterly 42(1980) 293-309.

Deutero-Isaiah: Oral or Written?Journal of Biblical Literature 99(1980) 185-197. Tradition and Interpretation,by I Ljung. Review in: Journal of Biblical Literature 99(1980)604-605.Absalom Absalom! Narrative and Language in 2 Sam 13-20,by CH Conroy. Review in: TheCatholic Biblical Quarterly 42(1980) 93-94. The Meaning of Hesed in the Hebrew Bible,by KD Sakenfeld. Review in Journal of BiblicalLiterature 98(1979) 583-594.I, He, We, They, A Literary A roach to Isaiah 53,by DJA Clines. Review in Religious StudiesReview 4, 1(1978) p 55. The Drunkenness of Noah,by HH Cohen. Review in: Religious Studies Review 3, 1(1977) p52. The Inscriptions of Arad,by Y Aharoni. Review in: Religious Studies Review 2, 3(1977) p 52.Biblical Sabbath.Beth Mikra 45(1971) 171-178 (Hebrew). The Earth is Given into the Hand of the Wicked (Job 9:24). Hachinuch 3-4(1970) 260-264(Hebrew).

FURTHER PUBLISHED MATERIAL On Two Prophetic Readings. Rosh Hashana Annual. Cape Town 2000. . 21-23. Israel Insight.Cape Jewish Chronicle, 16 (No.4), May (1999) The Existence of the Bad in Gods Creation.Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: TempleIsrael (1998) 27-30.

A Perspective on Israel The Separation Between Religion and State.Cape Jewish Chronicle,September (1998).Righteousness and Belief in Biblical Thought.Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: TempleIsrael (1997) 57-59. Scientific Communication.Cathedron 7(1996) 13-17. The Sacrifice: Genesis 22.Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: Temple Israel (1995) 37-41.Moses: The Essence of Leadership.Rosh Hashanah Annual, Cape Town: Temple Israel(1994) 17-20.Not Just a Language: Barkai and the Question of Hebrew. Jewish Affairs 49/No.2(1994) 61-63. The Treasures of Jewish Folklore, by Micha Joseph bin Gurion, Reviewed in Jewish Affairs

49/No 1 (1994) p 71. Who is Afraid of Tradition?The Hebrew Watchman 68/No.47, August (1990).Jerusalem The Naval of the Earth.The Hebrew Watchman 68/No.16 (1990).


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The Conflict Between the Historical A roach and Orthodoxy. Igeret, September (1985)28(Hebrew). Sorry, But Still We Are Not One. Dialogue 4(1977) 5-6. The Stories and Poems of Esther Rab.Hanakkor 4(1977) 5-6.From a Journal of a Biblical Teacher.Maalot 7(1968) 32-33 (Hebrew).

The Documents of the Macabean Revolt, by M Stern. Reviewed in Hachinuch 39(1967)105(Hebrew).Translation:

Yehudah Vehagalut Judah and the Exile, by B Oded. In: Israelite and Judaean History, JHHayes & JM Miller (Editors). Philadelphia: Westminster Press (1977) 435-488.

J. Kenneth KuntzBusiness Address:

Department of Religious Studies313 Gilmore HallUniversity of IowaIowa City , IA 52242Phone: 319-335-2169 E-mail:[email protected] Theological Seminary (NYC), Old Testament, Ph.D. 1963Yale University Divinity School, Biblical Studies, B.D. 1959Grinnell College, English (honors), B.A. 1956ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCEAssistant Professor, School of Religion (now Department of Religious Studies), The Universityof Iowa, 1967-70; Associate Professor, 1970-76; Professor, 1976-present.

Instructor of Biblical History, Literature, & Interpretation, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA,1963-65; Assistant Professor, 1965-67.

Tutor in Old Testament, Union Theological Seminary, 1961-63.AWARDS AND HONORSGrant from the School of Religion, University of Iowa, supporting participation in archaeologicalexcavations at Tell Gezer, Israel (sponsored by Hebrew Union College and the Semitic Museumof Harvard University), summer, 1968.Old Gold Summer Faculty Research Fellowship, The University of Iowa, 1970.

National Endowment for the Humanities, summer stipends, 1971 and 1984.Dozentenstipendium from the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Bad Godesberg, Bonn,

Germany, for study at the Ruprecht-Karl-Universitt, Heidelberg, Oct. 1971 through July 1972.Extensions at same university, June-Aug. 1973, June-Aug. 1979.Improvement of Instruction Award, The University of Iowa, summer, 1977, to design a newcourse, 32:107, Uses of the Old Testament in Verse and Drama.Faculty Development Assignments, The University of Iowa, fall semester, 1979; springsemester, 1985; spring semester, 1992; fall semester, 1997.Visiting Fellow, Clare Hall, Cambridge, England, Jan.-July 1992, May-Dec. 1997, Jan.-July 2003, and Visiting Scholar in Faculty of Oriental Studies for the same periods;elected to Life Membership in Clare Hall, Sept. 1992.University House Fellow (Mellon Foundation support), University of Iowa, summer, 1982.

National co-winner of the Distinguished Independent Study Course Award, Apr. 1980, National

University Extension Association, Division of Independent Study, forUniversity of Iowa correspondence course, 32:105, The World of the Old Testament.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Honorary member, Delta Alpha (UI) Chapter of Alpha Sigma Lambda, national honorary societyfor students in continuing higher education, Oct. 1986.

AFFILIATIONSAmerican Association of University Professors

American Schools of Oriental ResearchThe Catholic Biblical AssociationThe Chicago Society of Biblical ResearchThe Society for Old Testament Study (Great Britain)Society of Biblical LiteratureSERVICEUniversity of Iowa committeesUndergraduate Committee, School of Religion, 1972-77 (chair, 1973-77), 1987-88.Phi Beta Kappa, chair of eligibility committee, 1974-77; vice-president of UI chapter, 1977- 78;

president 1978-79.American Association of University Professors, treasurer of UI chapter, 1974-82.

Judicial Commission, 1976-79, 1988-91.Graduate Committee, School of Religion, 1977-83 (chair, 1980-83); 1988- (chair, 1988-91).Director of Graduate Studies, 1995-2002; varied duties include representing the Dept. ofReligious Studies at national meetings of the Council on Graduate Studies in Religion.Committee on Non-traditional Programs, School of Religion, 1979-82.

New Testament Search Committee, School of Religion, 1968-69 (chair), 1979-80, 1988-89,1999-2000 (chair).The University of Iowa Lectures Committee, 1980-83.Language Media Center Review Committee, 1981-82.Lectures Committee, School of Religion, 1983-87 (chair).Admissions Committee, College of Liberal Arts, 1985-88.Study Abroad Committee, 1985-88 (chair, 1987-88).Scholarship Committee, Center for Credit Programs, 1986-91.Member of Faculty Senate, 1989-92.Division for Continuing Education Review Committee, 1993-94.Vice-President for Research Advisory Committee in the Arts and Humanities, 1993-95.Faculty Assembly, College of Liberal Arts, 1994-96 (sect. 1994), 1999-2002 (sect. 2000).Hancher Auditorium Review Committee, 1999-2000.Positions in national organizationsSecretary-treasurer of Council on Graduate Studies in Religion, 1982-90.Liaison Committee, Council of Societies for the Study of Religion, 1982-90.

Network reviewer in area of Israelite Cult, Worship, Psalms, for Religious StudiesReview published by the Council of Societies for the Study of Religion, 1984-.Member of the Steering Committee of the Book of Psalms Group in the Society of BiblicalLiterature, 1988-97.

Chair, Biblical Hebrew Poetry Section in the Society of Biblical Literature, 1988-94; steeringcommittee 1995-97.Other areas of professional serviceCouncil on Religion Studies in Iowa Schools, 1978-89 (secretary-treasurer, 1979-89).University of Iowa delegate to 32d Triennial Council meeting of the United Chapters of Phi BetaKappa, New Orleans, Oct. 1979.

Responsible for informal departmental seminar certifying competency of Ph.D. candidates inmeeting German reading requirement, 1981-91.


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Contributor of 11 color slides taken in Israel used as photographs in Hasrpers Bible Dictionary,published by the Society of Biblical Literature and Harper & Row, 1985.Interviewer for American Friends of the Hebrew University, assisting in selection ofundergraduates for the Rothberg School for overseas students linked with the Hebrew Universityof Jerusalem, 1983-.

Consultant for Books for College Libraries, 3d ed., 1988, a project of Choice magazine and theAssociation of College and Research Libraries; engaged in selection of best books in areas ofBible (general) and Old Testament.Member of Associated Faculty, Staff, and Student Programs, Currier/Stanley, 1986-89.Peer reviewer for NEH applications in Religious Studies, 1999-.Wabash Center Conference (Indianapolis) on the Preparation of Graduate Students asTeachers in Religious Studies, Nov. 1999.College-, university-, and seminary-based invited lecturesJewish-Gentile Relations: Light from the Short Stories of the Hebrew Bible, Grinnell College(Roberts Lecture), 12 Nov. 1975.The Bible and Womens Liberation: Vital Dialogue for Our Times, Ouachita Baptist

University, Arkadelphia, AR, 31 Jan 1976.Archaeology in the Service of Biblical Studies, Coe College, 17 Sept. 1981.King Triumphant: A Rhetorical Study of Psalm 20 and 21, Yale University Divinity School,14 Feb. 1984.Religion, Language, and Women: Pressing Issues in Biblical Scholarship, Coe College, 4 Mar.1986.Female Objects and Subjects: Women in the Life of King David, Southwest Missouri StateUniversity , 24 Oct. 1991.Women in the Davidic Narrative, Conception Seminary College, Conception, MO (PatrickCummins Lecture), 19 Feb. 1996.Contemplating the Intersection: Ancient Wisdom and Approaching Ventures, University ofIowa, keynote address, Phi Beta Kappa Initiation, Alpha of Iowa Chapter, Apr. 2000.

PUBLICATIONSBooks

The Self-revelation of God (An investigation of selected theophanies in the Hebrew Bible).Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1967.The People of Ancient Israel: An Introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, andThought. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.Correspondence Study Guides published by The University of Iowa Bureau ofCorrespondence Study, Division of Continuing Education: The World of the Old

Testament (32:105): Jan. 1968 (revised May 1974; June 1979; Sept. 1981; Aug. 1988); TheWorld of the New Testament (32:122): Sept. 1968 (revised June 1979; Oct. 1996; Feb. 2000).Religion and Women: Images of Women in the Bible (32/131:111): Jan. 1978 (revised Oct.1984; Aug. 1995). Biblical Archaeology (32:103): Mar. 1982 (revised Dec. 1991). Prophecy inBiblical Israel (32:108): Nov. 1991.

Articles

The Canonical Wisdom Psalms of Ancient Israel--Their Rhetorical, Thematic, and FormalDimensions, in: Rhetorical Criticism: Essays in Honor of James Muilenburg, ed. by Jared J.Jackson and Martin Kessler, Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series, No. 1, Pittsburgh: ThePickwick Press, 1974, pp. 286-222.

The Retribution Motif in Psalmic Wisdom, Zeitschruft fr doe alttestamentlicheWissenschaft, 89 (1977), pp. 223-233.Supplication and Reflection in Times of Trouble,: A Form-critical Investigation of Psalms 9-


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10, Society of Biblical Literature 1975 Seminar Papers, 111th Annual Meeting, vol. 1, pp 107-140.[Current Issues in Interpreting the Hebrew Psalms, 64-pg. multilithed paper distributed prior tothe 8 March 1980 meeting of the Iowa Theological Conference, University of Northern Iowa,Cedar Falls.]

The Contribution of Rhetorical Criticism to Understanding Isaiah 51:1-16, in: Art andMeaning: Rhetoric in Biblical Literature, ed. by David J. A. Clines and David M. Gunn, Journalfor the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 19 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press,1982), pp. 140-171.Psalm 18: A Rhetorical-Critical Analysis, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 26(1983), pp. 3-31. Reprinted in Beyond Form Criticism: Essays in Old Testament LiteraryCriticism, ed. by Paul R. House, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1992, pp. 70-97.[How Does Feminist Theology Inform Biblical Interpretation? 78-pg. multilithed paperdistributed prior to meeting of the Iowa Academy of Religion, 8 March 1986, University of

Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls.]Genesis and Power: An Analysis of the Biblical Story of Creation, with Michael C. McGee

and Allen Scult, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 72 (1986), pp. 113-131. Reprinted as ch. 7,Genesis and Power, in Dale Patrick and Allen Scult, Rhetoric and Biblical Interpretation, Bibleand Literature Series, 26 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1990), pp. 103-125.King Triumphant: A Rhetorical Study of Psalms 20 and 21, Hebrew Annual Review, 10(1986), pp. 157-176.How Does the Bible Present Women? A Crucial Dimension in Investigating the Bible asLiterature, Religion and Public Education, Journal of the National Council on Religion andPublic Education, 14 (1987), pp. 257-263.Recent Perspectives on Biblical Poetry, Religious Studies Review, 19 (1993), pp. 321- 327.The Bible and Related Literature, a bibliographical essay in: The Readers Adviser, 14th ed.,vol. 4, The Best in Philosophy and Religion, ed. by Robert S. Ellwood (New York and London:R. R. Bowker Co., 1994), pp. 792-838.Engaging the Psalms: Gains and Trends in Recent Research, Currents in Research:Biblical Studies, 2 (1994), Sheffield Academic Press, pp. 77-106.The Form, Location, and Function of Rhetorical Questions in Deutero-Isaiah, in: Writing andReading the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies in an Interpretive Tradition, ed. by Craig C. Broyles andCraig A. Evans; Vetus Testamentum Supplement, 70, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997, pp. 121-141.Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research (I), Currents in Research: Biblical Studies, 6(1998), Sheffield Academic Press, pp. 31-64.Contextualizing the Text: Assessing a Social-Scientific Approach to Understanding the HebrewBible, Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of

Oriental Research, 1 (1998), pp. 14-20.Grounds for Praise: The Nature and Function of the Motive Clause in the Hymns of theHebrew Psalter, in: Worship and the Hebrew Bible: Essays in Honour of John T.Willis, ed. by M. Patrick Graham, Rick R. Marrs, and Steven L. McKenzie; Journalfor the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series, 284, Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press,1999, pp. 148-183.After the Crisis: Engaging Walter Brueggemanns Theology of the Old Testament,Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schoolsof Oriental Research, 2 (1999), pp. 17-27.Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research (II), Currents in Research: Biblical Studies, 7(1999), Sheffield Academic Press, pp. 35-79.

Wisdom Psalms and the Shaping of the Hebrew Psalter, in: For a Later Generation: TheTransformation of Tradition in Israel, Early Judaism and Early Christianity (Festschrift for


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George W. E. Nickelsburg), ed. by Randal A. Argall, Beverly A. Bow, and Rodney A. Werline.Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2000, pp. 144-160.In Sheol Who can Give You Praise?: Death and Immortality in the Hebrew Psalter,Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools ofOriental Research, 3 (2000), pp. 71-85.

And They Let You Do That?: Teaching the Bible at a Public State University,Perspectives in Religious Studies, 27 (2000), pp. 383-397.Sighting the Stern: The Impact of Chs. 30-31 on the Book of Proverbs as a CanonicalWhole, Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and AmericanSchools of Oriental Research, 4 (2001), pp. 121-141.Been There, Done That--Whats Next?: The Odyssey of a Biblical Scholar, Proceedingsof the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature and American Schools of OrientalResearch, 5 (2002), pp. 5-18.Does Qoheleths Image of A Chasing After Wind Apply to Wisdom PsalmsScholarship? Proceedings of the Central States, Society of Biblical Literature andAmerican Schools of Oriental Research, 5 (2002), pp. 87-102.

In press: Hendiadys as an Agent of Rhetorical Enrichment in Biblical Poetry with SpecialReference to Prophetic Discourse, invited article for a Festschrift that will honor anoutstanding senior biblical scholar (editors are J. Harold Ellens, Dept. of Near EasternStudies, University of Michigan, and Rolf P. Knierim, Emeritus, Claremont GraduateUniversity), anticipated publication in summer 2003.In press: Reclaiming Biblical Wisdom Psalms: A Response to Crenshaw, Currents inBiblical Research, anticipated publication in spring 2003.Minor published articles143 assigned entries (total of ca. 57,300 words) in William H. Gentz (gen. ed.), TheDictionary of Bible and Religion (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1986). Articles exceeding 1,000words include: Abraham, Assyria and Babylonia, David, Deuteronomy, Ecclesiastes, Esther,Exodus, Genesis, Hezekiah, Israel: Social and Economic History, Sacrificial Offerings, Saul,Solomon.Five articles in David Noel Freedman (editor-in-chief), The Anchor Bible Dictionary (NewYork: Doubleday, 1992), Hoshea, vol. 3, pp. 298f.; Jehoshaphat, vol. 3, pp. 666- 668;Jotham, vol. 3, pp. 1021f.; Kenaz, vol. 4, p. 17; Uzziah, vol. 6, pp. 777- 779.

Book reviews

Artur Weiser, The Old Testament: Its Formation and Development, in: Union SeminaryQuarterly Review, 17 (1961-62), 246-249.Murray L. Newman, Jr., The People of the Covenant: A Study of Israel from Moses to the

Monarchy, in: Union Seminary Quarterly Review, 18 (1962-63), 166-168.Brevard S. Childs, Memory and Tradition in Israel, Studies in Biblical Theology, no. 37,in: Union Seminary Quarterly Review, 19 (1963-64), 50-53.Eric C. Rust, Salvation History: A Biblical Interpretation, in: Union Seminary Quarterly Review,19 (1963-64), 157-159.John M. Holt, The Patriarchs of Israel, in: Journal of Bible and Religion, 32 (1964), 369- 370.Emil G. Kraeling, Commentary on the Prophets, 2 vols., in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 85(1966), 396.Helmer Ringgren, Israelite Religion, in: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 6 (1967),124-125.Martin Noth, The Old Testament World, in: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 6

(1967), 125-126.Gurdon G. Oxtoby, Prediction and Fulfillment in the Bible, in: Interpretation, 21 (1967), 493-494.


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Norman K. Gottwald, The Church Unbound: A Human Church in a Human World, in:Interpretation, 22 (1968), 236-237.Andr Lacocque, Le devenir de Dieu, and Daniel Lys, La chair dans lAncien Testament:Basar, Encyclopdie Universitaire, in Interpretation, 22 (1968), 346-347.Georg Fohrer, Die symbolischen Handlungen der Propheten, and Elia, in: Journal of

Biblical Literature, 88 (1969), 348-350.J. William Whedbee, Isaiah and Wisdom, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 92 (1972), 406-407.Ina Willi-Plein, Vorformen der Schriftexegese innerhalb des Alten Testament, Beiheft zurZeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, no. 123, in: Interpretation, 26 (1972), 477-478.Frank Stagg, Polarities of Mans Existence in Biblical Perspective, in: Interpretation, 30 (1976),214-215.Rainer Braun, Kohelet und die frhhellenistische Popularphilosophie, Beiheft zur Zeitschrift frdie alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, no. 130, in: Journal of BiblicalLiterature, 95 (1976), 296-298.Douglas A. Knight (ed.), Tradition and Theology in the Old Testament, in: Journal of theAmerican Academy of Religion, 46 (1978), 368.

J. W. Rogers and J. W. McKay, Psalms 1-50, Psalms 51-100, Psalms 101-150, Cambridge BibleCommentary on the New English Bible, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 40 (1978), 615-616.Roland de Vaux, The Early History of Israel, in: Journal of the American Academy ofReligion, 47 (1979), 320-321.John L. McKenzie, The Old Testament Without Illusions, in Interpretation, 34 (1980), 86- 88.James L. Crenshaw, Gerhard von Rad, Makers of the Modern Theological Mind Series, in:Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 42 (1980), 95-96.Glendon E. Bryce, A Legacy of Wisdom: The Egyptian Contribution to the Wisdom of Israel, in:Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 48 (1980), 274-275.John T. Willis (ed.), The World and Literature of the Old Testament, in: Journal of BiblicalLiterature, 100 (1981), 104-105.George Hentschel, Die Elijaerzhlungen: Zum Verhltnis von historischem Geschehen undgeschichtlicher Erfahrung, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 101 (1982), 427-428.Robert R. Wilson, Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel, in: Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Religion, 50 (1982), 621.Ronald E. Clements, Old Testament Theology: A Fresh Approach, in Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Religion, 50 (1982), 622.Simon Springer, Neuinterpretation im Alten Testament: Untersucht an der Themenkreisendes Herbsfestes und der Knigspsalmen Israel, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 45 (1983), 121-122.Rolf Rendtorff, Das Alte Testament: Eine Einfhrung, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, 105

(1986), 304-305.Samuel E. Balentine, The Hidden God: The Hiding of the Face of God in the Old Testament, in:Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 44 (1986), 163-164.Robert M. Polzin and Eugene Rothman (eds.), The Biblical Mosaic: ChangingPerspectives, and Kenneth R. R. Gros Louis (ed.), Literary Interpretations of the Bible, vol. 2, in:Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 44 (1986), 188-189.Inger Ljung, Tradition and Interpretation: A Study of the Use and Application of FormulaicLanguage in the so-called Ebed YHWH-psalms, in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 48 (1986), 121-123.K. Arvid Tangberg, Die prophetische Mahrede: Form und Traditionsgeschichtliche Studienzum prophetischen Umkehrruf, in: Hebrew Studies, 32 (1991), 173-175.

Daniel Grossberg, Centripetal and Centrifugal Structures in Biblical Poetry, in: Journal ofBiblical Literature, 112 (1993), 332-334.


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Donald K. Berry, The Psalms and their Readers: Interpretive Strategies for Psalm 18, in:Interpretation, 48 (1994), 426-428.Theodor Lescow, Das Stufenschema: Untersuchungen zur Struktur alttestamentlicher Texte, in:Journal of Biblical Literature, 114 (1995), 128-130.Hershel Shanks et al, The Rise of Ancient Israel: Symposium at the Smithsonian Institution, in:

Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 57 (1995), 438-439.Jerome F. D. Creach, Yahweh as Refuge and the Editing of the Hebrew Psalter, in:Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 61 (1999), 740-742.Michael D. Goulder, The Psalms of Asaph and the Pentateuch: Studies in the Psalter, III,in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 61 (1999), 749-750.Alastair G. Hunter, Psalms (Old Testament Readings), in: Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 64(2002), 135-136.In press: Donn F. Morgan, The Making of Sages: Biblical Wisdom and ContemporaryCulture, for: Interpretation.

Over 60 book notes published in Choice, a publication of the Association of College and

Research Libraries, a Division of the American Library Association; serving as a consultant-reviewer for Choice since 1965.

Over 60 book notes published in Religious Studies Review, serving as a network reviewersince 1984.Papers read at professional meetings since 1990 (most recent first)

Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2002 (Kansas City).Invited paper given as introductory plenary address: Been There, Done That--Whats

Next?: The Odyssey of a Biblical Scholar.

Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2002 (Kansas City).Paper presented in Hebrew Bible Section: Does Qoheleths Image of A Chasing afterWind Apply to Wisdom Psalms Scholarship?Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 2001 (Denver). Paper presented in theBook of Psalms Section: Bypassing the ER and the Mortuary: A Prognosis on theWisdom Psalms as a Category in Psalms Studies.Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 2001 (Denver). Invited paper presentedas a panelist at a joint meeting of the Biblical Hebrew Poetry Section and Wisdom inIsraelite and Cognate Traditions Section probing the art of the aphorism: Affirming Lessas More: Scholarly Engagements with Aphoristic Rhetoric.

Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2001 (Kansas City).Paper presented in Hebrew Bible Section: Sighting the Stern: The Impact of Chs. 30-31on the Book of Proverbs as a Canonical Whole.Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 2000 (Kansas City). Paper

presented in Hebrew Bible Section: In Sheol Who Can Give You Praise?: Death andImmortality in the Hebrew Bible.Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Mar. 1999 (St. Louis). Paper

presented in Hebrew Bible Section: After the Crisis: Engaging Walter BrueggemannsTheology of the Old Testament.Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1998 (Orlando). Paper presented in theBiblical Hebrew Poetry Section: Grounds for Praise: The Nature and Function of the Motive

Clause in the Hymns of the Hebrew Psalter.Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Mar. 1998 (Springfield, MO).Paper presented in session of American Schools of Oriental Research: Assessing the Text: The


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Gains and Limits of Matthews and Moyers The Old Testament: Text andContext.Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 1997 (Kansas City). Paper

presented on a panel, Gerhard von Rad Retrospective, sponsored by the Hebrew Bible Section:The Problem of the Hextateuch: Its Claims and Continuing Impact.

Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Mar. 1996 (St. Louis): Paperpresented in Hebrew Bible section: The Form, Location, and Function of Rhetorical Questionsin Deutero-Isaiah.Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1994 (Chicago). Paper presented in theBook of Psalms Group: Small Vessels Bearing Treasure: Assessing the Contribution of theLearned Essay in Recent Psalms Scholarship.Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Apr. 1994 (St. Louis). Paper presented: TheArchitecture and Function of Rhetorical Questions in the Psalter.Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1992 (San Francisco). Paper presented inthe Book of Psalms Group: Wisdom Psalms and the Shaping of the Hebrew Psalter.Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1991 (Kansas City). Paper presented in the

Book of Psalms Consultation: Dominant Variations and Functions of Enjambment in the Psalmsof Biblical Israel.

Society of Biblical Literature Central States Annual Meeting, Apr. 1991 (St. Louis). Paperresponding to J. Clinton McCanns paper on The Structure of Psalm 73.Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting, Nov. 1990 (New Orleans). Paper presented in theBiblical Hebrew Poetry Section: The Presence and Function of Hendiadys in the Rhetoric ofBiblical Psalmody.

TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA

Summary of teaching activities since Aug. 19981st semester 1998-9932:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 53 students32:105 World of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 32 students32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 23 students2d semester 1998-9932:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 37 students32:108 Prophecy in Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 34 students32:103 Biblical Archaeology, 3 s.h. (evening) - 17 students

Summer 1999

32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. - 15 students1st semester 1999-200032:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 54 students32:106 Theology of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 24 students32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 21 students2d semester 1999-200032:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 28 students32:103 Biblical Archaeology, 3 s.h. (evening) - 20 students

Summer 200032/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. - 18 students

1st semester 2000-0132:105 The World of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 22 students32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 27 students


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2d semester 2000-0132:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 68 students32:196 Senior Majors Seminar, 3 s.h. - 30 students32:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. (evening) - 20 studentsSummer 2001

32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. - 20 students1st semester 2001-0232:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h. - 40 students32:108 Prophecy in Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 24 students32/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. (evening) - 23 students2d semester 2001-0232:107 The Psalms and Wisdom of Biblical Israel, 3 s.h. - 51 students32:196 Senior Majors Seminar, 3 s.h. - 21 students32:103 Biblical Archaeology, 3 s.h. (evening) - 19 studentsSummer 200232/131:111 Religion & Women, 3 s.h. 21 students

1st semester 2002-0332:013 Personalities of the Old Testament, 3 s.h., 41 students32:106 Theology of the Old Testament, 3 s.h., 37 students2nd semester 2002-03

UI Career Development Award

Undergraduate honors essays directed since 1973

W. Ray Price, Studies in the Book of Jonah (1973-74).Kevin E. Weaver, An Examination of the Moabites with Special Reference to Moab inProphetic Oracles in the Old Testament (1976-77).Donald F. Johnson, The Contrasting Eschatological Perspectives of Amos and Second Isaiah(1979-80).Carol S. Schneider, Contemporary Interpretations of the Yahweh Theophany in the Book ofJob (1981-82).Geralyn R. Zuercher, Aspects of Prayer in Old Testament Narrative (1981-82).Robert A. Romanoff, My Beloved is Mine and I am His: A Study of the Song of Songs(1985-86).David P. Odekirk, The Centrality of Covenant in Amos and Jeremiah: A PropheticUnderstanding of the Interplay between Faith and Ethics (1988-89).Ruth Petsch, Esther as Manifested in the Masoretic and Septuagint Texts of the Old Testament(1993-94).

Steven J. Drahozal, A Theology of the Sabbath as Put Forth in the Canon of the Hebrew Bible(calendar 1994).Jonathan Napier, Theological Aspects of Creation in the Hebrew Bible (1994-95).Dana Beatty, Thou Shalt Not Speak: Womens Roles in Earliest Christianity (2001-02).

Theses and dissertations directed since 1972

Alan J. Hauser (Ph.D.), A Study of Representative Approaches to the Historical Question ofSauls Rise to the Monarchy, completed Dec. 1972.John E. Eggleton (Ph.D.), The Ethical Import of Select Theological Concepts Reflected in theThought of the Eighth Century B.C. Hebrew Prophets, completed May 1973.William R. Watters (Ph.D.), Formula Criticism and the Poetry of the Old Testament,

completed May 1973; published by Walter de Gruyter as Beiheft zur Zeitschrift fr diealttestamentliche Wissenschaft, no. 138 (1976).Lowell K. Handy (M.A.), The Origin and Conversion of Psalm 29, completed May 1974.


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William A. Young (Ph.D.), Psalm 74: A Methodological and Exegetical Study, completedDec. 1974.Henry J. Postel (Ph.D.), The Form and Function of the Motive Clause in Proverbs 1-29,completed July 1976.Paul Bosch (M.A.), The Tree of Life and the Fountain of Life in the Book of Proverbs,

completed July 1978.Kathy Jean Mitchell (M.A.), The Role of Egypt in the Prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel,completed Dec. 1978.Aydeet Mueller (M.A.), Symbolic Acts in the Books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, completed May1980.John P. LePeau (Ph.D.), Psalm 68: An Exegetical and Theological Study, completed July1981.Douglas E. Loyd (Ph.D.), Patterns of Interrogative Rhetoric in the Speeches of the Book ofJob, completed Dec. 1985.Michael V. Houston (Ph.D.), The Identification of Torah as Wisdom: A Traditio-CriticalAnalysis of Deuteronomy 4:1-8 and 30:11-20, completed Apr. 1987.

Aydeet Mueller (Ph.D.), Commending Covenant Morality: The Nature and Function of theMicah Story in the Book of Judges, completed May 1999.

CURRENT RESEARCH PROGRAM

First, along with the papers of other panelists, the paper that I delivered at the national meetingof the Society of Biblical Literature in Nov. 2001 in Denver will be published by SheffieldAcademic Press in a forthcoming volume on the biblical aphorism. Having organized this panel

presentation, Michael Fox (University of Wisconsin) is serving as the editor of this volume. Heis expecting from me by late March 2003 a revised and expanded essay on my topic, AffirmingLess as More: Scholarly Engagements with Aphoristic Rhetoric. Although some work remainsto be done, it is not extensive.Second, the editors of Currents in Biblical Research have invited me to write another articlefocusing on recent issues and developments in biblical psalms research. An earlier articleentitled, Engaging the Psalms: Gains and Trends in Recent Research, appeared in vol. 2 of that

journal (then named Currents in Research: Biblical Studies) in 1994 (pp. 77-106). My new articlewill probe scholarship in the psalms that has transpired during the past decade. The vibrant Bookof Psalms Section in the Society of Biblical Literature is just one index that this portion of theHebrew canon has triggered extensive research in recent years.Third, in light of a persistent academic interest, I continue to focus on rhetorical-critical issuesthat directly impinge on a scholarly perception of the Book of Psalms. With the support of a one-

semester Faculty Developmental Assignment for the fall 1997 semester, I furthered my researchin Cambridge, England, from 1 June to 15 Dec. 1997, where I returned as a Visiting Fellow atClare Hall. During the spring 2002 semester, I taught for a fourth time The Psalms and Wisdomof Biblical Israel (32:107), a course that had its initial exposure four years ago. It is a mostsuitable outlet for imparting some of my research findings in the classroom. Even so, moretechnical work summons my attention as I address such matters as the psalmists use ofmetaphor, paronomasia, metonomy, and merismus as felicitous agents for disclosing theirmessage in an artful format. I continue to press toward the goal of completing a monograph onthe rhetorical impact of psalmic poetry. My Career Development Award scheduled for the spring2003 semester will enormously assist me in this project as once more I return to Cambridge(arriving on 3 January and departing on 31 July).

BIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES (selected)

Dictionary of International Biography, 19th ed. (1985).


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Directory of American Scholars, 8th ed. (1982).Directory of Faculty of Departments and Programs of Religious Studies in North America, 1sted. (1988).Whos Who in the Midwest, 23d ed. (1992).Whos Who in Biblical Studies and Archaeology, 2d ed. (1993).

Whos Who in American Education, 3d ed. (1992).Whos Who in Religion, 4th ed (1992).