Prepared by:Prepared by:Dr. Hanan Said AliDr. Hanan Said Ali

Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective

Define the patient’s rights.Define the patient’s rights.

Identify the patient’s rights.Identify the patient’s rights.

Explain how to maintain the patient’s rights.Explain how to maintain the patient’s rights.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

Are merely ( just) statement about particular Are merely ( just) statement about particular moral interests that a person might have in moral interests that a person might have in health care contexthealth care context

( framework) and that require special protection ( framework) and that require special protection when a person assumes the role of a patient or when a person assumes the role of a patient or client.client.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

Popular examples of patient’s rights includes:Popular examples of patient’s rights includes:

A right to health care.A right to health care.

A right to be informed.A right to be informed.

A right to participate in decision- making A right to participate in decision- making concerning treatment and care.concerning treatment and care.

A right to give an informed consent.A right to give an informed consent.

A right to refuse consent.A right to refuse consent.

A right to a second opinion.A right to a second opinion.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

A right to have access to a trained health A right to have access to a trained health interpreter ( analyst).interpreter ( analyst).

A right to know the name, status and practice A right to know the name, status and practice experience of attending health professionals.experience of attending health professionals.

A right to be treated with respect ( value).A right to be treated with respect ( value).

A right to confidentiality.A right to confidentiality.

A right to bodily integrity. A right to bodily integrity.

A right to the maintenance of dignity ( self A right to the maintenance of dignity ( self respect).respect).

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

A right to wait no more than 20 minutes in outpatient A right to wait no more than 20 minutes in outpatient department.department.

A right not to wait for more than certain set times for A right not to wait for more than certain set times for operation, for appointments ( actions), or for an operation, for appointments ( actions), or for an emergency ambulance.emergency ambulance.

Patient need to be protected against misuse of their rights Patient need to be protected against misuse of their rights and their humanity.and their humanity.

Patient have the right not to be harmed ( HIV, hepatitis B Patient have the right not to be harmed ( HIV, hepatitis B & C.)& C.)

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to health careThe right to health careHealth care is something all people are equally Health care is something all people are equally

entitled ( permitted) to receive, regardless of the entitled ( permitted) to receive, regardless of the cost.cost.

It is implausible and impossible to provide a high It is implausible and impossible to provide a high standard of health care to all persons equally. At standard of health care to all persons equally. At best all that people can reasonably claim best all that people can reasonably claim

( maintain) is a decent ( respectable) minimum of ( maintain) is a decent ( respectable) minimum of health care .health care .

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to health careThe right to health careEvery culture has its way of dealing with sickness, Every culture has its way of dealing with sickness,

illness, pain and suffering, and of caring for the illness, pain and suffering, and of caring for the sick.sick.

Once health care , in its more holistic sense, is Once health care , in its more holistic sense, is seen as an important means of promoting a seen as an important means of promoting a person’s total wellbeing.person’s total wellbeing.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to health careThe right to health care Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for

the health and wellbeing of himself and his family:the health and wellbeing of himself and his family:

1 .Food.2 .Clothing.3 .Housing.

4 .Medical care.5 .Necessary

social services.

6 .Right to security in the event of unemployment.

7 .Sickness.8 .Disability.

9 .Widowhood.10 .Old age

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to equal access to health careThe right to equal access to health care

The scarce ( rare) resources, but unlimited wants The scarce ( rare) resources, but unlimited wants tends to be constructed as follows:tends to be constructed as follows:

The demand for health care has outstrippedThe demand for health care has outstripped

( prior) supply.( prior) supply. this is fundamentally because health care this is fundamentally because health care

resources are limited.resources are limited.Different people have different health needs, and Different people have different health needs, and

different views on how existing resources should different views on how existing resources should be used to meet these needs.be used to meet these needs.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to equal access to health careThe right to equal access to health care

The scarce ( rare) resources, but unlimited wants The scarce ( rare) resources, but unlimited wants argument tends to be constructed as follows:argument tends to be constructed as follows:

It is true that existing health care resources can be It is true that existing health care resources can be used in alternative ways.used in alternative ways.

Nevertheless, health care resources are limited, so Nevertheless, health care resources are limited, so it is not possible to satisfy everybody’s needs and it is not possible to satisfy everybody’s needs and wants.wants.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to equal access to health careThe right to equal access to health care

The nursing profession has a moral obligation to The nursing profession has a moral obligation to lobby ( entrance) effectively for the community lobby ( entrance) effectively for the community as a whole, and the individuals who comprise as a whole, and the individuals who comprise it, to have better access to the processes that it, to have better access to the processes that promote health, not merely to medical or promote health, not merely to medical or hospital care and related services hospital care and related services

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to have access to appropriate care, it The right to have access to appropriate care, it includes:includes:

Patients’ entitlements to seek a second medical opinion.Patients’ entitlements to seek a second medical opinion.

To refuse a recommended medical therapy, or folk To refuse a recommended medical therapy, or folk therapy (popular).therapy (popular).

To choose an alternative health therapy.To choose an alternative health therapy.

To be surrounded by family and friends, to have To be surrounded by family and friends, to have unrestricted visiting rightsunrestricted visiting rights

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to have access to appropriate care, it The right to have access to appropriate care, it includes:includes:

To decline ( refused) to be “ordered” to do anything they To decline ( refused) to be “ordered” to do anything they do not wish to do ( getting out of bed, having a shower do not wish to do ( getting out of bed, having a shower every day, taking prescribed medication)every day, taking prescribed medication)

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to quality of careThe right to quality of care The task for the nursing profession is to ensure The task for the nursing profession is to ensure

that health care delivery never falls to a level that that health care delivery never falls to a level that compromises patient safety and wellbeing. compromises patient safety and wellbeing.

The right to make informed decisionsThe right to make informed decisions The nurse has a responsibility in relation to The nurse has a responsibility in relation to

facilitating a patient making informed choice about facilitating a patient making informed choice about recommended care and treatment options.recommended care and treatment options.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

What is informed consentWhat is informed consent The patient must be informed appropriately about their The patient must be informed appropriately about their

care and treatment options, and patients are more willing care and treatment options, and patients are more willing to question the information that they have been provided to question the information that they have been provided in order to inform their choices and consent to treatment.in order to inform their choices and consent to treatment.

E. g., E. g., The gynaecologist ordered nurse to obtain the The gynaecologist ordered nurse to obtain the signature of women for (dilatation and curettage) and signature of women for (dilatation and curettage) and already already pre- medicated and for suggestion of sterilize pre- medicated and for suggestion of sterilize the the women , the women , the nurse refusednurse refused. .

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The elements of an informed and valid consentThe elements of an informed and valid consentIt must satisfy a number of criteria, including:It must satisfy a number of criteria, including: There must be a disclosure ( discovery) of all the relevant There must be a disclosure ( discovery) of all the relevant

information ( including both benefits and risks)information ( including both benefits and risks)

The patient must fully understand ( comprehend) both the The patient must fully understand ( comprehend) both the

information which has been given and theinformation which has been given and the

implications ( included) of giving consent.implications ( included) of giving consent.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The elements of an informed and valid consentThe elements of an informed and valid consentIt must satisfy a number of criteria, including:It must satisfy a number of criteria, including: The consent must be voluntarily ( freely) given ( i.e. the The consent must be voluntarily ( freely) given ( i.e. the

patient must be free of coercion ( force).patient must be free of coercion ( force).

The patient must be competent to consent ( i.e. both The patient must be competent to consent ( i.e. both rational ( logic) and prudent ( careful)rational ( logic) and prudent ( careful)

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to confidentialityThe right to confidentiality It is unlawful ( unauthorized) for any person to discloseIt is unlawful ( unauthorized) for any person to disclose

( reveal) any information relating to patients, except with ( reveal) any information relating to patients, except with their consent, when required by law, or to lessen a serious their consent, when required by law, or to lessen a serious threat to the life and health of the individual.threat to the life and health of the individual.

Patient’s information may be divulged(said) with the Patient’s information may be divulged(said) with the patient’s permission and that exceptions may arise where patient’s permission and that exceptions may arise where the health of others is at risk or you .the health of others is at risk or you .

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to confidentialityThe right to confidentiality Thus, in instances where keeping a confidence or Thus, in instances where keeping a confidence or

a secret has the unhappy consequence of causing a secret has the unhappy consequence of causing or failing to prevent an otherwise avoidable harm, or failing to prevent an otherwise avoidable harm, and/or indeed results in an unequal distribution of and/or indeed results in an unequal distribution of harms over benefits, there is a very strong case harms over benefits, there is a very strong case supported disclosure of the information being kept supported disclosure of the information being kept secret.secret.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to confidentialityThe right to confidentiality If patient /client can trust their attending health If patient /client can trust their attending health

professionals to keep secret certain information professionals to keep secret certain information disclosed in the professional relationship, it is disclosed in the professional relationship, it is thought that patient/ client will be more likely to thought that patient/ client will be more likely to reveal information crucial for making a correct reveal information crucial for making a correct assessment/ diagnosis, and thus a correct assessment/ diagnosis, and thus a correct prescription of care and treatment.prescription of care and treatment.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to dignity and dying with dignityThe right to dignity and dying with dignity

Some of the most revealing and instructive Some of the most revealing and instructive definitions of dignity and dying with dignity:definitions of dignity and dying with dignity:

Dying with dignity is dying the way you want to Dying with dignity is dying the way you want to die.die.

Dignity is a feeling of pride…. 0f feeling good Dignity is a feeling of pride…. 0f feeling good about yourself.about yourself.

Dignity and dying with dignity is maintaining self Dignity and dying with dignity is maintaining self – value, self respect, and self image.– value, self respect, and self image.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The The bbright to dignity and dying with dignityright to dignity and dying with dignity It allIt all important to having to look good for other people.important to having to look good for other people. Dignity is having pride( satisfaction) without shame.Dignity is having pride( satisfaction) without shame.

Dying with dignity is having no pain, no fear. Feeling Dying with dignity is having no pain, no fear. Feeling valued, and having your opinions valued.valued, and having your opinions valued.

Dignity is the quality or state of being worthyDignity is the quality or state of being worthy

( Excellence)( Excellence)

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to dignity and dying with dignityThe right to dignity and dying with dignity

There are a number of common elements:There are a number of common elements: That person have intrinsic ( basic) moral worth That person have intrinsic ( basic) moral worth

( value), and thus ought ( must) to be treated with ( value), and thus ought ( must) to be treated with respect.respect.

That persons should be respected as autonomous That persons should be respected as autonomous ( self directed) choosers, and thus as beings ( self directed) choosers, and thus as beings capable of exercising self- determining choice.capable of exercising self- determining choice.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to dignity and dying with dignityThe right to dignity and dying with dignityThere are a number of common elements:There are a number of common elements:

That persons should be facilitated and supported in That persons should be facilitated and supported in the course of exercising their autonomous choice.the course of exercising their autonomous choice.

That persons should be facilitated and supported in That persons should be facilitated and supported in their attempts to maintain their self- respect and their attempts to maintain their self- respect and self- esteem.self- esteem.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to be treated with respectThe right to be treated with respect Respect manifest as the good treatment of people, and Respect manifest as the good treatment of people, and

invariably ( always) results in their being humanized.invariably ( always) results in their being humanized.

People ( regardless of their age, sexuality, cultural People ( regardless of their age, sexuality, cultural backgrounds and social position) have a special interest in backgrounds and social position) have a special interest in being treated with respect.being treated with respect.

What are patient’s rights?What are patient’s rights?

The right to be treated with respectThe right to be treated with respect This principle is generally regarded as being of paramount This principle is generally regarded as being of paramount

(vital) importance to the establishment, development and (vital) importance to the establishment, development and maintenance of moral relationship between people, and to maintenance of moral relationship between people, and to moral practice generally.moral practice generally.

There is an obligation to treat with respect a patient’s There is an obligation to treat with respect a patient’s needs, values, beliefs, and culture.needs, values, beliefs, and culture.