Competitividad y Poltica

Industrial: Anlisis del caso de los Clusters Industriales en China Implicaciones para

importantes pases de Amrica Latina

Primer Seminario Internacional China Amrica Latina y el Caribe: condiciones y retos del siglo XXI Clemente Hernndez Rodrguez, PhD. Director de la Ctedra Investigacin Asia-Pacfico

Companies have a connection in any way in the value chain

Participants:- Firms- Educational Institutions- Financial Institutions- Suppliers- Specialized HR (pool)- Government

Generate Wealth Creation

Promote:- Innovation- Technology- Competitiviness- Knowlege Spills

Generete Wealth Creation

Support Infraestructure

Oriented to the Same Market or

Field

Geo

grap

hica

l Pro

xim

ity

Relationships:

- Cooperation

- Competition

- Complem

entation

- Interdependence

Busi

ness

:

- Sim

ilar

- Rel

ated

-Com

plem

enta

ry

CLUSTERS

Active Channels for

Comm

unicationInfrastructure

Human Resources

Technology

Purchases

Internal

LogisticsOperation

External

Logistics

Marketing

and SalesService

Margin

Common Elements in the Advantage

Economies of Scale

Knowlegde Spillover

Increase Productivity and

Efficiency

Specialized Assets

Access to Resources

Faster Benchmarking

Best Practices are Rapidly Transmitted

Positive Impact on the Operation

Increase Value Added

Faster Benchmarking

Vaue Chain Development

Better Business Environment

Economic Impact

Reduction of Production Cost

Academic Research

(marketed)

Investment Attraction

New Enterprise Attraction

Social Impact

Increase Employment

Economic Growth

(development)

Improve Competitive

Position

Increase the Number of Companies

Local Suppliers Development

Innovation

More Levels in the Value Chain

Increase Regional/National

Competitivenes

Access to Information

Outsourcing

Joint Marketing

Pool of Trained Workers

Increase Cooperation and

Coordination

Technology Transfer

Access to Capital

Reduction of Transportation Time and Cost

between Stages

Quick Release of New Products

Reduction Of Inventory Cots

Easy to Experimentation

Increase Domestic and International

Sales Increase Exportations

Resources Alignment

New Roles in Public and

Private Sector

Common Oportunities

Guide to Economic and Social Policies

Forum for Dialogue

Greater Market Reach

Nearby Complementary

Products

Improve Competitiveness

of SMEs

Intensify Industrial

Cooperation

Make the Region More Attractive

Improve Economic

Performance

Competitive Advantage

Political Stability

Agglomeration Economies

Impactos (dimensiones)

Economas de Aglomeracin,

Derrama de Conocimiento,

Aumentos en Productividad y eficiencia,

Impacto Positivo en la operacin,

Impacto Econmico,

Impacto Sociopoltico, y

Competitividad

Harbin-Industrial Equipment-Pharmaceutical-Petrochemical

Changchun-Optomechanics-Automotive-Auto Parts

Beijing-Automotive-IT-Biomedical

Taiyuan-Steel-Coal -MetallurgyJinan-Steel-Chemical Engineering-Apples

Hefei-Automotive-Industrial Equipment-Household Appliances

Zhengzhou-Steel-Wheat-Corn

Shanghai-Biotechnologi-Metallurgy-Petrochemical

Xian-Automotive-Aviation-IT

Taipei-Biotechnology-Metallurgy-Petrochemical

Kunming-Automotive-Industrial Equipment-IT

Guiyang-Aluminum-Solar Cells-International Scientific Industrial Base

Chongqing-Motorcycle-Instrumentation-Weapons Production

Chengdu-Petrochemical-Biomedical-Metallurgy and Construction Materials

Changsha-Automotive-Tobacco-Industrial Equipment

Industrial Clusters in China

Urumqi-Petrochemical-Coal-Metallurgy

Mapa de Clsters en Brasil

Mapa de Clsters en Chile

Wine

Agrifood

Aquacul-

ture -

Fishing

Mining

(Cu)

Mapa de Clsters en Mxico

Mapa de Clsters en Per

0

25

50

75

100 Competitiveness Growth

Knowledge Spillovers

Agglomeration Economies

Productivity Growth Positive Impact of the

Operation

Economic Impact

Social Impact

Latin America Versus China

Peaks

Brazil

Chile

Mexico

Peru

China

-

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

Brazil Chile China Mexico Peru

Knowledge Spillovers

Number of Patents Created in the Year Innovation Capacity Public Expenditure on Education as Percentage of Total Government Spending Social Knowledge Indicator KAM

-

15

30

45

60

75

90

Brazil Chile China Mexico Peru

Agglomeration Economies

Population Index of Cities with Highest Concentration of People (2010)

Secondary Sector Value (2010)

Average Power Consumption (Electricity, Petroleum, Natural Gas) (2010)

Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEINDEX 2009)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Brazil Chile China Mexico Peru

Productivity Growth

Productivity Levels in 2008 (GDP per Hour worked) (1990=100)

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Brazil Chile China Mexico Peru

Positive Impact of the Operation

Ranking on Ease of Doing Business (2009)

Number of Days to Start a Business (days) (2008)

Economic Incentive Regime (2009)

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Brazil Chile China Mexico Peru

Economic Impact

Foreing Direct Investment Coming into the Country (2008) GDP Growth 2008 (%)

Exports 2007 (% of GDP)

High Technology Exports 2007 (% of GDP) 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Brazil Chile China Mexico Peru

SocioPolitical Impact

Employment Rate (% of employed labor force) (2008) Human Development Index 2009

Percentage of GDP Dedicated to Education (2009)

Political Instability Index (2009/10)

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

Brazil Chile China Mexico Peru

Competitiveness Growth

Global Competitiveness Index (2009)

Caractersticas de desarrollo de clsters

industriales en China

1. La mayora de las empresas en la industria de clsters son propiedad privada de PyMES.

2. Distribucin desigual de los clsters industriales en China.

3. Algunas industrias tienen ms posibilidades que otras.

4. Alto grado de divisin del trabajo y especializacin.

5. La clave de la empresa configura el desarrollo del clster industrial.

6. Establecimiento de mercados de cambio en o cerca de los clsters industriales.

7. Clsters industriales por ciclos de vida.