Classifying and Naming Plants

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ObjectivesStudents will be able to:

• Describe plant taxonomy and classification

• Distinguish the major plant groups

• Explain plant nomenclature

• Describe how plants are classified by life cycle

July 22, 2012

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What is plant taxonomy and classification?• ________________- the branch of biology that deals with identifying and naming organisms.

• It’s a way of taking inventory of the living resources

• _____________________________________________

• Used to demonstrate the diversity of organisms, how they are related, and how they have evolved

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What is plant taxonomy?• Greek philosopher,

Aristotle, is recorded having used taxonomy.

July 22, 2012

• 1700s, Carl von Linne, of Sweden determined a classification system for minerals, plants, and animals

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What is plant taxonomy?•Kingdom ____________:

•Single-celled microscopic organisms lacking membrane-bound nuclei

•__________________

July 22, 2012

•Kingdom Protista:

•Single-celled or simple multi-celled organisms

•_____

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What is plant taxonomy?•Kingdom Fungi:

•Organisms that lack plastids and photosynthetic pigments

•______________________________________________

•Decomposers July 22, 2012

•Kingdom Plantae:

•Multicellular photosynthetic organisms with distinct developmental stages

•_______________________

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What is plant taxonomy?• Kingdom ______________:

•Multicellular organisms with advanced tissue differentiation and complex organ systems

• _____________________________________________

• ________________________

•Heterotrophs or consumers on earth fall into this kingdom

July 22, 2012

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Taxonomic Classification• _______________________________

• Organisms are place in an order or rank

• __________________________________________________

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species July 22, 2012

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Taxonomic Classification

•Classification is based on Morphology

•Which is the study of the internal and external appearance of an organism

•________________________________________________

July 22, 2012

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Taxonomic Classification

•_______________________________________

•Species are composed of organisms with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups in a genus

•Species can pass distinct characteristics from one generation to another

July 22, 2012

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Taxonomic Classification •Closely related organisms comprised of ______________________________.

•Plants with the same genus are more similar to one another than with plants of other genera

•______________-share similarities are grouped in families

July 22, 2012

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Herbarium

•A collection of pressed, dried, and labeled plants

•__________________________________

•Useful in educational settings for plant ____________________________

July 22, 2012

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How do you put plants into groups?•Bryophytes-plants classified in the Phylum Bryophyta

• _______________________

• _____________________________________________

•Examples:•Mosses•Liverworts

July 22, 2012

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How do you put plants into groups?• All higher plants are in the Phylum Tracheophyta

• _____________________________

• Ferns: vascular plants that reproduce by spores. •Can be called the amphibians of the plant world• ______________________________•Have no true leaves instead they have Fronds•Fronds tend to unfold from the center of the plant • The newest fronds are called “fiddlehead”

July 22, 2012

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How do you put plants into groups?•Gymnosperms are plants that reproduce with seeds that lay naked on scales

•Reproduce using a structure called a “cone”•__________________________•Conifer leaves are either needles or scales•Evergreen-holding leaves year round•_____________________________________•Larch and baldcypress

July 22, 2012

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How do you put plants into groups?• Angiosperms-flowering plants that produce seeds that develop into fruiting bodies • _______________________

• _______________ •single cotyledon or seed leaf•Cotyledon used for food storage in the form of starch•Have flower parts in multiples of three, narrow leaves with parallel leaf venation, and stems with scattered vascular bundles.• _______________________________________________

July 22, 2012

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How do you put plants into groups?

• ________________•_______________________________________•Flower parts are in multiples of four or five, broad leaves with netted venation, and stems with vascular bundles organized in a ring pattern•Alfalfa, oak, rose, cotton, and strawberry

July 22, 2012

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What is plant nomenclature?• Nomenclature:• _______________________________________

• Agricultural plants are referred to by common name

• Plants often have more than one common name

• ___________________________________________________

July 22, 2012

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What is plant nomenclature?

•Scientific name•_______________________•Consists of two names•_______________________•The other is the species

July 22, 2012

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How are plants classified by life cycle?•Refers to the time required for a seed to germinate and the seedling to grow vegetatively, flower, produce a viable seed

•Three categories•______________•______________•______________

July 22, 2012

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How are plants classified by life cycle?• Annuals: Plants that complete their growing cycles within one year or one growing season

• Seeds of annuals germinate, produce leaves and roots, flower, produce seed, and then die

• __________________________________________

July 22, 2012

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How are plants classified by life cycle?

•Summer annuals:•___________________________________•Summer annuals produce leaves, flowers, and seed before dying during the summer of fall•_______________________________________•Corn, soybeans, rice, wheat, potatoes, tomatoes

July 22, 2012

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How are plants classified by life cycle?• ___________________:•Germinate in the fall•The immature plant overwinters as a compact rosette•Once it has received a period of cold treatment, it bolts

•_________________- is a process in which the stem of a plant rapidly elongates at the time of flowering•Flowers then develop, seeds are set, and the plant dies•_____________________

July 22, 2012

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How are plants classifies by life cycles?• _____________________

•Usually requires two growing seasons to produce flowers and seed before dying•First growing season they grow vegetatively•____________________________________________•Growth is resumed in the spring •Plants bolt, flower, produce a seed, and die•__________________•Hollyhock, Sweet William, parsley, beets, and carrots

July 22, 2012

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How are plants classified by life cycle?•Perennials•____________________________________________•____________________________________________

July 22, 2012