¡Lección 1: la gramática básica!!

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Introducción|Pronunciación| Las palabras duras|Redondeando las palabras suaves| La llanura abierta y adjetivos| El de las palabras | Las frases | los pronombres |La regla genreal del cerrado posesivol

La introducción

La gramática turca es bastante diferente de aquéllos de los otros idiomas europeos (Como el inglés). Realmente, el turco no es un idioma Indoeuropeo; es un idioma de Uralo-Altaic. ¡Todavía, la gramática turca es simple!! La gramática turca tiene, sin embargo, mucho en común con inglés... Yo no hablaré mucho aprendemos el turco

El Alfabeto turco y pronunciación:

El Alfabeto turco:

A a Father (El padre)B b Boy (El Muchacho)C c Jewels (Las joyas)Ç ç Church (La iglesia)D d Day (El día)E e End (El fin)F f Foot (El pie) G g Go (Vaya)

Ğ ğ Como el francés (R) con las reglas de las vocales(vea las duras para las vocales), pero el duro y suave como y en el yate con las vocales.Nunca el suave va al principio de una palabra..

H h How (Cómo)

I ı Girl (sometimes like i in pit) La muchacha (a veces como i en el hoyo)

İ i Jeep (jeep)J j Pleasure (el placer)

K k Kid, Cow El niño, la vaca L l Law (a ley)M m

Monkey (El mono)

N n NoO o For (para)Ö ö Como el eu francés P p Part (La parte) R r Rat (La rata) S s La SodaŞ ş Shows T t Two (dos)U u Goose (El ganso) Ü ü Como u francés o el ueV v Voice (La voz) Y y Year (El año)Z z Zoo (El Zoologico)

Difícilmente y las palabras suaves:

Gobierne 1:

Se llaman A/I/O/U las vocales duras. Palabras en que la última vocal es dura, es las palabras duras. Ex:can (ja:n=el alma)/ışık(la luz)/ol(sea)/unsur(oonsoor=el elemento)

Gobierne 2:

Se llaman E/I/Ö/Ü las vocales. Las palabras suaves en que la última vocal es suave, son las palabras suaves. Ex: el el (el la mano)/ilim(la ciencia)/öl(Muérase indispensable)/üst(anteriormente)

Redondeado y las palabras llanas:

Gobierne 1:

Se llaman O/U/Ö/Ü estas vocales .Las palabras redondeadas en la última vocal son las palabras redondeadas. Ex:ol/unsur/öl/üst

Gobierne 2:

Se llaman A/I/E/I estas vocales. Se llama la palabra llano en la última vocal

can/ışık/ilim/el

Abra y las palabras cerradas:

Gobierne 1:

Se llaman A/E/O/Ö se llaman vocales.Las palabras abiertas en que la última vocal está abierta las palabras abiertas. Ex:can/el/ol/öl

Gobierne 2:

Se llaman I/I/U/Ü que vocales.Las palabras cerrados en que la última vocal está cerrada son las palabras cerradas. Ex:ışık/ilim/unsur/üst

El resumen:

La última vocal determina el tipo de la palabra.... ¡Ésta es la regla aquí!!!!! Ex:can: es un piso duro la palabra abierta.ışık: es que un piso duro cerró la palabra.el: es un piso suave la palabra abierta.

ilim: es que un piso suave cerró la palabra.

ol: es una palabra abierta redondeada dura.unsur: es una palabra cerrada redondeada dura. öl: es una palabra abierta redondeada suave. üst: es una palabra cerrada redondeada suave.

Las frases

Gobierne 1(La frase=el asunto+el predicado)

La frase turca debe tener un asunto y un asunto de predicado.El debe ser un noun(a el actually);and de grupo nominal el predicado debe contener un verb(a el actually)[see de grupo verbal debajo aprender los grupos casi nominales y verbales] top

Rule 2(nominal group)

Nominal group's a group of words whose nucleus is a noun.For example: "cat" is a noun,"the/a cat(s)" is a nominal group,"a/the pretty cat(s)" is still a nominl group.So a nominal group is a noun and all words attached to it:like articles(a/the) and adjectives(pretty). Note:1-The relative clauses(and many other clauses attached to (describing) a noun are considered a part of the nominal group. 2- In turkish,there are no articels,i.e. no a/the,so all nouns are considered nominal groups even if with no adjectives. top

Rule 3(verbal group)

A verbal group is a group of words that contains a conjugated verb(not an infinitive). For example:1-"to be great" is not a verbal group in turkish,but "am/is/are great" is a verbal group. 2-"flying(gerund)" is not a verbal group in turkish,but

"fly/flied" is a verbal group. Note:The "is/are" conjugation of verb to be with the third peson(he/she/it/they) is usually ommitted as we shall see;so

we say in turkish I am..You are..He/she ...We

are...You(pl)are...They ...top

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

singular english

sing. turkish

plural englishpl.turkish

I ben we biz

you senyou (for pluarl and formal singualr)

siz

he/she/it o they onlar

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Possessive adjectives

sing eng

sing turk pl eng pl turk

myım/im/um/üm/m

ourımız/imiz/umuz/ümüz/mız/miz/muz/müz

your ın/in/un/ün/nyour(for plural and formal singular

ınız/iniz/unuz/ünüz/nız/niz/nuz/nüz

his/her/its

ı/i/u/ü/sı/si/su/sü

their ları/leri

Note:1-The possessive pronouns in turkish are added to the end of the noun not before it.Ex.Dil(tongue)>>>Dilim(My tongue)

2-The noun and the possessive adjective when added they form together one word! (not two separate words)

3-We add hard suffixes to hard words,and soft suffixes to soft ones.(see above to learn about soft and hard words)

4-We add flat suffixes to flat words and rounded suffixes to rounded words.(see above to learn about flat and rounded

words)

5-We add m/n/si.../miz.../niz.../leri... to words ending in a vowel.Ex:Sevgi(love)>>>Sevgim/sevgin/sevgisi/sevgimiz/sevginiz/sevgileri

Examples:

can kıl yer zil kol pul göz türben canım kılım yerim zilim kolum pulum gözüm türümsen canın kılın yerin zilin kolun pulun gözün türüno canı kılı yeri zili kolu pulu gözü türü

bizcanımız

kılımız

yerimiz

zilimiz

kolumuz

pulumuz

gözümüz

türümüz

sizcanınız

kılınızyeriniz

zilinizkolunuz

pulunuz

gözünüz

türünüz

onlar

canları kılları yerleri zilleri kolları pulları gözleri türleri

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A General rule for adding a suffix to a stem or a word:

There are many suffixes used in turkish.Suffixes or (postpositions) may be a verb(imek),a possessive pronoun,suffix of conjugation,...etc. Usually,suffixes of a specific function are not fixed.Possessives (my) for example is not fixed. (ım/im/um/üm/m) all mean (my),but you can't use all of them with any word.You should use the appropriate suffix form according to the type of the word.

Here are some hints that may be of some help:

1-Use a hard suffix with a hard stem/word.2-Use a rounded suffix with a rounded stem/word.3-Take care: some suffixes change when the stem ends in a vowel.4-Usually, closed letters (ı/i/u/ü) are the letters to be changed/ommited according to the type of words.

LESSON 2:" Please fill in this form "

The form | Vocabulary | Grammar | Culture | Objectives |

Lütfen bu fişi doldurun! **= please fill in this form !Ad : Bülent

Baba adı : Kerem Soyadı : Cengizoğlu Doğum tarihi : 30/1/1976 Doğum yeri : Ankara Şehriniz : İstanbul Ülkeniz : Türkiye Telefon Nosu : +90 212 522 35 49 Faks Nosu : +90 212 539 35 59 E-postanız : bulenttr@yenibir.com Adresiniz : #124 Çağaloğlu

Vocabulary:Note : I think you've already deduced the meaning of some words !! Telefon , Faks , E-posta , Adres ... yes , you are right . Telefon = telephone , faks = fax , e-posta = e-mail , adres = address . Ad nameBaba father

Baba adıfather's name( see the grammar section )

Soyadı last name or family nameDoğum birthTarih date / historyYer placeDoğum tarihi

birth date

Doğum yeri

birth place

Şehir cityÜlke country

Noan abreviation for numara or number in turkish .

Telefon nosu

telephone number

Faks Nosu fax number

Grammar:It is not so difficult to say " birth date " in turkish . All that we should do is put the turkish words in the same order as in english then add the appropriate closed suffix to the last word . Ex :1) birth : doğum date : tarih >>> birth + date = doğum + tarih + the appropriate closed suffix ( which is i in this case ) >>> doğum tarihi . 2)We add an S before the closed suffix , if the last word ends in a vowel .

telephone : telefon number : no >>> telephone + number = telefon + no + s ( "NO" ends in a vowel ) + u ( "NO" is a rounded word ) Note : there are other ways to combine words . Each has got its own use . This'll be discussed later .

Culture :1- Bülent , Selim and Cengizoğlu are turkish proper names . 2- İstanbul is the old capital and the biggest city . 3- Ankara is the present capital . 4- Turkey's zip code is 90 . 5- Istanbul's code is 212 . 6- Telephone numbers in Istanbul usually comprise 8 numbers . 7- http://www.yenibir.com is a cool turkish website that many turks use for e-mail accounts and other benefits . I recommend that you visit this website after you finish level 1 .

What have we acheived in this lesson ??1- You can fill in a form in turkish .2- You know about 15 basic words .3- You can combine words like birth and date .4- You know three turkish personal nouns,so you can deduce that someone is turkish from their names .5- You know the zip code of Istanbul . 6- You may have your turkish e-mail account at www.yenibir.com

Lesson 3: How are you?

Ahmet saw Refaat on his way home. Ahmet : Merhaba ! Ahmet : Hey !Refat : Merhaba ! Nasılsın? Refat : Hey ! How are you?Ahmet : Ben iyiyim. Ailen de nasıl?

Ahmet : I am fine. How is your family?

Refat : İyi! Teşekkürler! Refat : They are fine ! Thanks.

Vocabulary:

merhabaHi / hey / used to atract someone attention / some people use it as "welcome" (arabic origin)

nasıl howiyi good(adjective) / well/fine (adverb)aile familyteşekkürler

thanks

Grammar :

Verb to be in turkish :Before you read this section, you should have read lesson 1 and have known about the general rule for adding suffixes. Check lesson 1 and make sure you know that rule.

(I) am(Ben) ım/im/um/üm/yım/yim/yum/yüm

(We) are(Biz) ız/iz/uz/üz/yız/yiz/yuz/yüz

(You singular) are

(Sen) sın/sin/sun/sün

(You singular and formal) are

(Siz) sınız/siniz/sunuz/sünüz

(He/She/It) is

dır/dir/dur/dür(usually ommitted/not used)

(They) are

lar/ler(usually ommitted)

Note:

1-Two vowels can't stand side by side in turkish. There must be a consonant in between (y in the case of verb to be). 2-Use the appropriate suffix.(hard/soft , flat/rounded ) 3- verb to be is unique.Why? Verb to be in turkish is different from all other verbs.It can't be used alone as a predicate.*YOU MUST USE IT WITH ANOTHER WORD TO MAKE A FULL PREDICATE.*There is no infinitive of verb to be.Instead we use "Olmak" (see later).* Conjugated verb to be must be used as a suffix(a kind of postposition)iyi(fine)+yim(I am)=iyiyim

General rules:1-There is no gender in Turkish.That's to say there is no he/she /it.Only (O).2-Verb to be with the 3rd person is nill.You can use other dir,dur(singular),lar(plura;)...... conjugates, but they are usually unnecessary.3-As you may notice, All conjugates of verb to be for the 1st and 2nd persons have closed vowels.( I İ U Ü), we choose the conjugate according to the the type of the word (see

classification of the words lesson 1).A) Rounded words take rounded conjugates.(U if hard and Ü if soft).B)Flat words take flat conjugates.( I if hard and İ if soft).

Here is a table showing how to choose the conjugate: conjugate used

Last vowel:open

Last vowel:closed

...ım a ı

...im e i

...um o u

...üm ö ü

Culture:

1- The turks use the plural form when talking to someone they want to show respect to.2- There are many foreign words in turkish as we have noticed in both this lesson and the previous one.(merhaba,telefon,etc...)This should be of some help.

What have we acheived in this lesson?

1- How to greet someone with simple words that work for almost every situation.(We shall learn more soon.)2- We learnt how to conjugate and use verb to be.One of the most irregular turkish verbs.(That's what I really want you to stress on.)

Lesson 4 : Erksin's family !!

Please read this passage:

Erksin hanım öğretmendir.Kocası Hikmet hekim.Erksin'in ailesi küçük. Erksin hanımın çocukları var.Onlar iki.Biri oğlan öbürü kız.Kızın adı Zeynep.Zeynep on iki yaşında. Oğlanın adı Ali.Ali altı yaşında.Erksin'in iki kardeşi

Mrs. Erksin is a teacher.Her husband Hikmet is a doctor.Erksin's family is small. Mrs. Erksin has kids.They are two.One of them is a boy and the other is a girl.The girl's name is Zeynep.Zeynep's 12 years old.

var,Ahemt ve Rıfkı. Ahmet yirmi yaşında.Ahmet henüz bekar.Rıfkı yirmi beş yaşında.Rıfkı mühendis.Rıfkı evli ve üç çocuğu var. Erksin'in babası ve annesi Trabzon'dan.Babasının adı Recep ve annesinin adı Cansu.

The boy's name is Ali.Ali's six years old.Erksin has two brothers , Ahmet and Rifki. Ahmet is 20.Ahmet is still single.Rifki is 25.Rifki is an engineer.He is married and has three kids. Erksin's father and mother are from Trabzon.Her father's name is Recep and her mother's name is Cansu.

Vocabulary:

HanımMrs/Miss/Madam (used after a female proper name or as an address in itself to show respect to a woman).

Öğretmen teacher.

Koca(sı)(sı:her or his according to context REMEMBER THERE IS NO GENDER IN TURKISH. husband

Hekim Doctor.Ailesi her/his family.Küçük small.İki two.Çocukları her child(ren) N.b. Use lar/ler to make plural nouns.)possessive postposiion/of + var

verb to have(see grammar note below).

Biri(bir = one + i Possessive postposition)

one of them.

Oğlan boy.Öbür other.kız girlOn iki ten two>>>twelve.

Yaşındaat the age of/....years old. (it follows the number of years.Ex. on iki yaşında=12 years old/at the age of 12.)

Altı six.

Kardeş(ler)

brother(s).Note:When a noun comes after a cardinal number ex:2,3,8,it is usually in the singular form.We say iki kardeş(wıthout the lar/ler plural marks),but we say kardeşler(brothers when there is no number before it.)

Ve andYirmi Twenty.Henüz still.

Bekar not married (for males or females).Yirmi beş twenty five.Evli married.Üç three.Baba(sı) (her/his) Father.Anne(si) (her his) Mother.'dan/'den from (Postpositions will be discussed later)

Grammar:

Pluarl form:

Add lar/ler to get the plural form.This rule applies to all words....Ex:ocuk >>> ocuklaraile >>> aileler

...of.../ Erksin's...

How do we say Erksin's family in turkish??

It's so simple>>>Erkisn'in ailesi!!!

1-Use the same order as in English.2-Add n/in/un/n/nn/nin/nun/nn* to the end of the owner (Erksin).3-Add /i/u//s/si/su/s to the object owned (family=aile).

We do step 2 only if the noun (the owner) is:a)known from the context.b)a proper noun like Erksin,Peter,Turkey,Germany,etc...

* "n" is the letter we use with this suffix if the words it's added to ends in a vowel.

I have a pen!!!

Unfortunately,there is no "verb to have" in turkish. The turks use various structures to say that someone HAVE something.I am going to explain here the commonest way to say "have" in the present tense. It's simple!!!

In English we say "I have a pen " I = ben a = bir pen = kalem

In Turkish we say :Bir kalemim var.

1-First we put the number of what the subject(I)

has.>>>>bir=a/one(optional)

2-Then we add what they have...The object>>>> kalem = pen

3-Then we add the possessive pronoun** of the subject (= I)>>>> im = my

4-Then we add "var"

**(check the grammar section to learn the possessive pronouns)

let's see >>>

bir >>> bir kalem >>> bir kalemim >>> bir kalemim var a/one >>>a pen >>> a pen of mine >>> I have a pen

Erksin has a pen!!!

That is how it works if the subject is a pronoun.What if it's not!!What if the subject is a noun like Erkisn , the boy ,the husband , etc...

It's simple!!

In English we say "Erkisn has a pen"

In Turkish we say:Erksin'in bir kalemi var.

1-First we put the subject (noun like Erksin,boy,girl,Turkey,etc....)

2-Then we add either ın/in/un/ün/nın/nin/nun/nün* to the end of the subject (Erksin) according to the general rule of suffixes.

3-Then we add the number of the objects that the subject has.(optional)

4-Then we add the object (pen=kalem).

5-Then we add the of/possessive suffix.(ı/i/u/ü/sı/si/su/sü) to the end of the object(pen=kalem)

6-Then we add "var".

* "n" is the letter we use with this suffix if the words it's added to ends in a vowel.

let's see >>>

Erksin(subject)

Erksin'in

Erkisin'in bir...

Erksin'in bir kalemi

Erksin'in bir kalemi var

ErksinErksin's

Erksin's one/a ...

a pen of Erksin's

Erksin has a pen.

Culture1-Erksin,Zeynep and Cansu are turkish female names.2-Hikmet,Ali,Ahmet,Rıfkı and Recep are Turkish male names.3-Trabzon is a northern city in Turkey.People from northern Turkey have their own accent and customs.They are said to love fish a lot...Various turkish accents will be discussed later.

What have we achieved in this lesson?1-Learnt how to talk about someone's family.(may be yours too)2-Learnt how to get nouns in the plural form.3-Learnt how to say that someone has something.(That's what I really want you to learn by hard from this lesson)

Lesson 5 : Breakfast !!

Dialogue | Vocabulary | How to make a question | Present simple tense |Culture | Objectives

Read this dialogue:

Kerem's just got up.He's telling his motherwhat he wants to have on breakfast. Let's see what they are saying.

Kerem : Günaydın,anneciğim.

Anne : Günaydın,oğlum.Kahvaltıda ne yersin?

Kerem : neler var?

Anne : Peynir,reçel,yumurta,zeytin,bal,pastırma ve salami var.

Kerem : Sucuk yok mu?

Anne : İnsan Kahvaltıda sucuk yer mi? Hafif bir şey ye ,oğlum.

Kerem : olur anneciğim.Peynir yerim.

Anne : güzel,ne içersin.çay,süt,meyve suyu....?

Kerem : Süt,anneciğim.

Anne : olur,oğlum.

Kerem : Good morning , mom.

Mother : Good morning , (my) son . What do you want to have on breakfast?(in breakfast what you eat?)

Kerem : What is available?

Mother : Cheese , jam , eggs , olives , honey , pasturami and salami .

Kerem : There are no sausages ?

Mother : Do people (man) eat sausages on breakfast?Eat something light !!

Kerem : Ok , mom . I eat cheese .

Mother : well , what do you drink ? Tea , milk , juice ... ?

Kerem : Milk , mom .

Mother : ok , son .

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Vocabulary:

Günaydın Good day / good morning Anneciğim:

my beloved mother.

Oğl(um): (my) son.Kahvaltı(da):

breakfast ( da = postposition of place meanıng in).

Ne what.Yemek: (infinitive) to eat.(yersin=you eat/yerim=I eat).Var: available/is present.Peynir: cheese.Reçel: jam.Yumurta: egg.Zeytin: olive.Bal: honey.Pastırma: kind of cold beef.Salami: some kind of beef.Sucuk: sausage.İnsan: man / a human being.Hafif: light.Bir Şey something.

Ye:Imperative from yemek(to eat).(imperative will be discussed later)

Olur: OK.Güzel: Beautiful(adjective)/Well(adverb)İçmek: (infinitive) to drink.( içersin=you drink)Çay: tea.Süt: milk.Meyve suyu:

fruits juice.

N.B.You don't have to know all the words in the vocabulary section.I recccomend these words: Kahvaltı (breakfast)Peynir (cheese)Yemek (to eat)Reçel (jam) Yumurta (egg) Zeytin (olive) Bal (honey)

Pastırma Salami Sucuk (sausage)Çay (tea)Süt (milk)Meyve suyu(fruit juice/nectar)

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Grammar :

How to make a question ?

There are three types of questions:1-The "YES/NO" questions.You ask such questions for someone to say yes or no. 2-Question-words questions.You ask who , what , when , where , how , etc...3-A/B/C questions.You ask someone to choose A or B or C .

"YES/NO" questions ?

In spoken English , we use the voice tone to make such questions.Example:You wanna have sausages on breakfast

This is not the case in Turkish however!!!In both spoken and written turkish there is a word that we use to make " YES/NO " questions.This word is " mı / mi / mu / mü ".

Rules of using "mı/mi/mu/mü"

1- We choose mı/mi/mu/mü according to the type of the word before it.Check the grammar section to know how to determine the type of a word2- We put mı/mi/mu/mü after the word we want the replier to affirm or negate.Usually the predicate ,be it a nominal or verbal group.3- Unlike all other suffixes in turkish , this one is not attached to the word they follow.They are used as separate words.

Example:insan sucuk yer mi ? sucuk yok mu ?

Question-words questions ?

This one is really simpleWe just put the question word!!!That's it...Unlike English you don't have to put the verb before the subject!!As I said you just put the question word.

Example:Ne yersin?

Here are the question words most frequenly used :ne what / which

nedenfrom what / why (to ask about the cause of something)

niyeto what / what for (to ask about the reason for something)

nerede wherenereden where fromnereye where tohangi whichhangisi which one of themhangi saatte

at which hour

kaç how many ne kadar how muchsaat kaçta

which hour

ne zaman

when

ne vakit whennasıl howniçin why / what for / why

A/B/C quesiotns ?

It's even more simple!!!

Put mi/mi/mu/mü after A/B/C

Example:süt mü çay mı meyve suyu mu içersin? top

The present simple tense:

Conjugation:Follow the following steps:

1-Ommit the mak/mek suffix of the infinitive form.2-A)If the stem ends in a vowel,add an (r).B)If the stem ends in consonant,determine the type of the word(see lesson 1)then add one of the suffıxes below in the table:suffix

ar

ırer

irur

ür

There is no fixed rule to choose the appropriate suffix.You should know which suffix goes with the verb you are learning(usually mentioned in a good dictionary).However some suffixes are more likely to be used with certain types of verbs.See the hints below.

Hints:(These are just hints that may help but are not rules)1-Closed suffixes (ır/ir/ur/ür) are used with verbs whose stems are formed of more than one syllable(contains more than one vowel).(ex. düşünmek....düşünür).2-Closed suffixes (ır/ir/ur/ür) are used with verbs whose stems contain one open unrounded vowel(a/e) and the last letter (the consonant) is (n/l/r)(ex.almak....alır).3-Open suffixes (ar/er) are used in all other cases.(ex. yazmak....yazar,sevmek...sever,sonmak...sonar,...etc)

3- Then we add the suffixes of verb to be (imek) to refer to the persons talkde about.

Use :This tense corrseponds to the present simple tense in English.Here are the usual uses of this tense :1- Used to talk about routine .2- Used to talk about futur plans.(like the - "yor" - tense >>> see later )3- Used to say that you agree ( affirmative ) or refuse to do something .( this is the commonest use of the present simple tense ) 4- Used to make polite requests . ( In the form of a question >>>see later )5- Used to talk about general facts .6- Used to talk about important events in history .

Examples:

yazmak almak sevmek gelmek alınmak görmek düşünmek sonmakben yazarım alırım severim gelirim alınırım görürüm düşünürüm sonarımsen yazarsın alırsın seversin gelirsin alınırsın görürsün düşünürsün sonarsıno yazar alır sever gelir alınır görür düşünür sonarbiz yazarız alırız severiz geliriz alınırız görürüz düşünürüz sonarızsiz yazarsınız alırsınız seversiniz gelirsiniz alınırsınız görürsünüzdüşünürsünüz sonarsınız

onlar

yazar/yazarlar

alır/alırlar

sever/severler

gelir/gelirler

alınır/alınırlar

görür/görürler

düşünür/düşünürler

sonar/sonarlar

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Culture1- The turks don't like to eat meat in the morning.(That's what I have noticed,Hope I am right)2- The turks say "in breakfast" not "on".3- The turks use the word "insan" to express what everyone should do / not do .4-Yok ha many uses.(they'll be discussed later)

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What have we achieved in this lesson?1- You can say in Turkish what you are going to eat this morning !

2- You know how to ask qustions.3- You learnt everything about the present simple tense.(One of the most frequently used tenses in turkish)

Lesson 6 : Lunch !!

Dialgoue | Vocabulary | The Imperative | The question form of the present simple tense | Culture | Objectives

Ahmet and Selim are shopping !! Ahmet thinks they should go to a restaurant and have lunch !! Let's see :

Read this dialogue , please !

Ahmet : Ben çok acım !!

Selim : Karnım da aç !!

Ahmet : Bu lokantaya girmek isterim !!

Selim : Olur !!

Garson : Buyurun efendim !! Siz ne arzu edersiniz ?

Ahmet : Lütfen , yemek listesini okur musunuz ?

Ahmet : I am so hungry !

Selim : (My stomach is hungry too)Turkish expression !!

Ahmet : I want to enter this restaurant !

Selim : Ok .

Waiter : Welcome Sir !!What do you order ?

Ahmet : Would you please read

Garson : Elbette ! Önce çorbaları okurum . Domates , sebze , ve mercimek çorbaları var .

Selim : Ben sebze çorbasını isterim .

Ahmet : Ben mercimek isterim .

Garson : Et mi Balık mı istersiniz efendim ?

Ahmet : Etlerden neler var ?

Garson : Eskalop , kebap , pirzola , biftek , köfte ve döner var .

Ahmet : Ben pirzola .

Selim : Balıklardan neler var ?

Garson : Hamsi , mercan ve kefal .

Selim : Tavuk yok mu acaba ?

Garson : Beli , şiş tavuk var .

Selim : Bana bir tavuk .

Garson : Makarna , pilav ister misiniz?

Ahmet : Hayır .

Selim : Bana bir makarna lütfen.

Garson : Ne içersiniz efendim ?

Ahmet : Bana bir coca .

Selim : İçecek şeylerden neler var ?

Garson : Bira , rakı , maden suyu , coca , pepsi, , çay , kahve ,ve meyve suyu var .

Selim : Hiç bir şey .

Garson : Tatlılar ister misiniz ?

the menu ?

Waiter : Sure . I read "soups" first.we have(there are)tomato , vegetable and lentil soups .

Selim : I want vegetable soup .

Ahmet : I want lentil .

Waiter : Do you want meat or fish ?

Ahmet : What kind of meat dishes do you have ?

Waiter : ( There are ) Escalope , kebap , cutlet , beefsteak , kofte and doner

Ahmet : ( ME ) cutlet

Selim : What kind of fish dishes do you have ?

Waiter : Hamsi ,mercan and kefal .

Selim : There is no chicken ?

Waiter : Yes , we have ( there is ) shish Tavuk .

Selim : A Tavuk for (to) me !!

Waiter : Do you want pasta or rice ?

Ahmet : No .

Selim : A pasta for me please .

Waiter : What do you drink ?

Ahmet : A coca for me .

Selim : What kind of beverages

Ahmet : Neler var ?

Selim : Aşure , Kenafe ve kadayıf var .

Ahmet : Ben kadayıf .

Selim : Hiç bir şey.

do you have ?

Waiter : beer , raki , mineral water , coca , pepsi , tea , coffee and nectars .

Selim : I don't want anything .

Waiter : Do you want any dessert ?

Ahmet : What do you have ?

Selim : Ashure , kenafe and kadayif .

Ahmet : (me) Kadayif .

Selim : Nothing

Vocabulary

çok very / so much (adverb)aç (rules for changing the last letter in words will be discussed later)

hungry

karın >>> karnım stomach >>> my stomach

da / detoo ( da / de as separate words have many uses)

buthis ( demonstratives will be discussd in detail later )

lokanta restaurantgirmek enter / get intoistemek to want ( infinitive)

buyurun !!a word used to ask someone to do something / used by vendors as "welcome"

efendi >>> efendimMr. >>> my Mr / sir ( to show someone respect )

arzu etmek wish / want / orderlütfen pleaseyemek to eat (infinitive) / food / meal

liste list / menuokumak to read (infinitive)elbette sureönce first / before / agoçorba soupdomates tomatosebze vegetablemercimek lentilet meatbalık fisheskalop Escalopekebap kind of grilled meat (oriental)pirzola cutletbiftek beefsteak

köftekind of grilled minced meat balls or fingers. ( oriental )

dönerturkish meat dish chopped meat with onions , tomatoes etc..( very turkish )

hamsi , mercan and kefal kinds of fishtavuk chickenyok negative of var /not available acaba used as " I wonder "

beliused to reply to a negative question with "yes"

şiş tavukkind of grilled chicken made with tomatoes , onions , green pepper ...

bana = (ben + a ( " to " postposition)

to me ( for me )

makarna pasta / maccaronipilav ricehayır nococa (pronounced as in english) coca colaiçecek şeyler beverages /( " things to drink " )bira beerrakı kind of turkish alcoholic beveragesmaden suyu mineral waterkahve coffeehiç bir şey nothing / anythingtatlı ( adjective ) delicioustatlılar dessertaşure , kenafe , kadayıf kinds of turkish dessert

Grammar :

The imperative !!

A) Conjugation:

infinitivesingle (sen)

pluarl (siz) single ( o ) pluarl ( onlar )

stem + mak / mek

stemstem + ın / in / un / ün / yın / yin / yun / yün

stem + sın / sin / sun / sün

stem + sınlar /sinler /sunlar / sünler

almak al alın alsın alsınlargelmek gel gelin gelsin gelsinlerçıkmak çık çıkın çıksın çıksınlargirmek gir girin girsin girsinlerolmak ol olun olsun olsunlargörmek gör görün görsün gürsünlerbuyurmak buyur buyurun buyursun buyursunlardüşmek düş düşün düşsün düşsünler

Note: 1- We put a " y " after the stem if the stem ends in a vowel and the suffix begins with a vowel . Ex: we say Okumak >>> oku >>> oku + y + un = okuyun But We say okusun not okuysun !!!

2- The word type determines which suffix we use .Ex : gel >>> gelin , ol >>> olun , etc ... (check lesson 1 to know how to determine the type of a word )

3- sın /sin /sun/ sün of the imperative belong to the third ( "o" = he / she / it , "onlar" = they )person not to the second ( "sen" and "siz" = you )!!( THIS IS WEIRD BUT WORTH NOTING)

B) Uses :

1- We use the imperative to make an order or a request.

2- We use the plural (siz) form with people we don't know and when we want to show respect .

3- The third person ( o and onlar ) imperative has many uses ,many of

which are not important for beginners.That's why I 'll say only one common use in this lesson .

" Use the third person imperative when you want to say that someone should do something or that something should happen ."Example :Ahmet bir şey yesin !! = Ahmet should eat something or Let Ahmet eat something !!

The question form of the present simple tense ...We have already learnt all types of questions and how to make a question . However ,we haven't learnt how to conjugate verbs in the question form !! We shall learn in this lesson how to get the question form of verbs in the present simple tense .

I recommend that you check lesson 5 before you read this !! (Please make sure that you know how to conjugate verbs in the present simple tense )

Here are the steps you should follow :1- First of all get the verb in the present simple tense of the third singular person ( "o" = he / she / it ). Check lesson 5

Example:

gelmek (infinitive) >>> gelir ( present simple ; 3rd singular person )

2- Add mı/mi/mu/mü ( as a separate word ) according to the word type .

Example :

gelir >>> gelir mi

3- Add conjugated "verb to be" suffixes to mı/mi/mu/mü .Choose the suffix according to the word type and person .

Example :

do i go gelir miyimdo you (singular) go gelir misindoes he / she / it go gelir mi /midirdo we go gelir miyizdo you ( plural / gelir misiniz

formal ) go

do they gogelir mi / ( irregular ) >>>gelirler mi

Summary:

gelmek >>> gelir >>> gelir miyim / misiniz / mi /miyiz / misiniz / gelirler mito go ( infinive ) >>> he / she goes >>>do i go / do you go / does he go /do we go /do you go /do they go

Note:The table below shows the question form of "verb to be" in the present simple tense. As you might notice , the question form of the present simple tense of all verbs is their present simple conjugation with the third singular person ( he she it ) and the question form of the "verb to be" in the present tense .

The question form of "verb to be" in the present simple tense is used to get the question forms of all verbs in many tenses . (present simple , simple future , uncertain past , etc...)

am I mıyım miyimmuyum

müyüm

are you ( sing. )

mısın misin musun müsün

is he / she / it

mı mi mu mü

we mıyız miyiz muyuz müyüzyou ( pl formal

mısınız

misiniz

musunuz

müsünüz

they~ lar mı

~ ler mi

~ lar mı

~ ler mi

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Postpositions : ( Introduction )There are no "PREpositions" in turkish.There are "POSTpositions" instead. Postpositions are suffixes added to the end of a noun ( or a nominal group actually ) . Postpositions will be discussed in deatail later on . We have seen three postpositions in this lesson . The (" a / e "= to ) (" ı / i / u / ü "=the known object ) and (" dan / den "= from ) postpositions .

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Culture :1- Turkish has many expressions so difficult to understand .We have learnt one of those expressions in this lesson.The turks say " MY STOMACH IS HUNGRY = karnım aç ". In fact this is a unique way to say that someone is hungry .

2- The turkish cuisine is a unique and a very rich one . I think you should buy some book about the turkish cuisine if you are interested .I'll just talk in brief here. The turks have a lot of unique dishes . One of the most typical turkish dishes is the "doner" . Kebap and Kofte are well known in all countries in the middle east . Usually ,lamb meat is the kind of meat used to make kebap and kofte .The turks have dishes from all over the world ; french and italian cuisines are well appreciated in Turkey .

World Food Turkey

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What have we achieved in this lesson ?1- You learnt how to order lunch in turkish .

2- You have learnt how to conjugate and use the imperative . 3- You have learnt how to get the question forms of all verbs ( including verb to be ) in the present simple tense .4- You have some hints about the turkish cuisine .

Lesson 7 : Rooms !!

Dialogue | Vocabulary | Postpositions and cases | Simple past tense | Negative form of the present simple tense

Dialogue :

Odalar !

Merhaba ! Adım Aysel . Ben bu ayda Ankara'dan İstanbul'a geldim. Henüz hiç kiralık daire bulmam . Dostum Deniz galiba dün buldu . Bugün beraber görmeye gideriz.

Aysel : Bu daire biraz küçük.

Deniz : Evet,ama başkası

Rooms !

Hi ! My name's Aysel . I 've come from Ankara to Istanbul this month .I haven't find a flat to rent yet . My friend Deniz most probablt found one yesterday .Today we are going to see it together .

Aysel : This flat is a little small !

yok.Olmaz mı?

Aysel : Beli,olur.Banyo nerede?

Deniz : Sağda.

Aysel : Fena değil.

Deniz : Gel de bak,mutfak çok güzel.

Aysel : Çalışma odasını görmek isterim.

Deniz : İşte solda.

Aysel : Bu oda olmaz ! Böyle odada ben hiç çalışmam.

Deniz : Yatak odasında çalışırsın!

Aysel : Kaç yatak odası var?

Deniz : Sadece iki oda.

Aysel : Bu dairenin kirası kaç?

Deniz : 2000 milyon lira.

Deniz : Yes , but there is no other flat . Isn't it ok ?

Aysel : Yes ,it is ok .Where is the bathroom ?

Deniz : On (in) the right .

Aysel : Not bad .

Deniz : Come and see , the kitchen is very good .

Aysel : Yes . I want to see the study (work) room ?

Deniz : There on ( in ) the left .

Aysel : This room is not ok !! I won't work in a room like this .

Deniz : You will study in the bedroom.

Aysel : How many rooms do we have (are here) ?

Deniz : Just two rooms .

Aysel : How much is the rent of this flat ?

Deniz : 2 trilyon lira .

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Vocabulary:

Oda RoomAy Month Gelmek To come ( infinitive )Henüz Still / yetHiç any ( negative )/ neverKiralık ( adjective )to rentDaire Apartment / flat Bulmak Find

dost >>> dostum friend >>> my friend

galibamost probably ( used to talk about something you are not sure about but is likely to happen )

Dün YesterdayBugün TodayBeraber TogetherGörmek to See ( infinitive )Gitmek >>> gider >>> gideriz

to go ( infinitive ) >>> he goes >>> we go ( present simple )

Biraz a littleKüçük SmallEvet Yes ( used to answer an affirmative question )Ama ButBaşkası Another / otherYok There is no.../ Negative of "VAR"Olmaz negaive of "olur" Olur OK / It works / I like it Banyo BathroomSağ Right ( direction / place )Fena Ugly / bad / unacceptable

Değilused to make the negative form of imek ( verb to be )

Bakmak To look ( infinitive )Mutfak KitchenGüzel beautiful / prettyÇalışma odası Study ( work ) room İşte Here it is / there it is Sol Left ( direction / place )

BöyleLike this / such

Çalışmakto Work / to Study ( infinitive )

KaçHow many / How much ( used to ask about the number of something )

Yatak odasıBedroom ( yatak = bed )

Sadece Only / just Kira What you pay to rent somethingMilyon millionLira Turkish currency

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Grammar:

I) Postpositions and cases :

Turkish doesn't have prepositions,but POSTpositions instead. A word and a postposition added to it forms a CASE or a PHRASE . We shall learn the postpositions now.

A ) ( IN ) DA / DE / TA / TE

Conjugation

Rule 1 : use "da / ta" with hard words and " de / te" with soft words .Rule 2 : Use "ta / te" with words that end in any of these consonants : ç f h k p s ş t Use "da / de" with words ending in any other letter.

nominative

case with DA/DE/TA/TE

oda odadasevgi sevgideSağ Sağdakitap kitaptaaşk aşktaet ette

Uses :

1- The da/de/ta/te postpositions are used to talk about where something happens or exists when they are added to a word of place.ex:Ahmet odada okur >>> Ahmet reads in the room.

2- They are used to talk about when something happens or exists when they are added to a word of time .ex: Aysel bu ayda geldi >>> Aysel has come this month .

3- They are used to mean that someone has something available with them when they are added to a word indicating someone .ex :Bu kitap bende >>> this book is (with me) or for a better translation I have this book with me !

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B ) ( FROM ) DAN / DEN / TAN / TEN case :

Conjugation :

Rule:the same as (IN) case but add an (N) to the da / de / ta / te >>>> dan / den / tan / ten .nominative

case with DAN/DEN/TAN/TEN

oda odadansevgi sevgidensağ sağdankitap kitaptanaşk aşktanet etten

Use :

1- The dan/den/tan/ten postpositions are used to talk the direction from somewhere if they are added to a word of place.Ex : Ahmet Ankara'dan geldi >>>Ahmet has come from Ankara .

2- They are used to mean " since / for" if they are added to a word of time . Ex : Ahmet bir aydan okuyor >>> Ahmet has been reading for a month .

3- Stem of a verb + ma/me + dan/den = without doing the verbex: oku + ma + dan = without reading .

4- They are used to talk about the cause of something .(this will be discussed later on)

5- noun + "dan/den/tan/ten" = ( "from" cases ) are sometimes used with other postpositions.This will be discussed later .

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C ) (TO)A/E/YA/YE

conjugation

Rule 1:Use a/ya with hard words and e/ye with soft words.

Rule 2:Use a/e with words ending in a consonant and ya/ya with words ending in a vowel.

nominative

case with A/E/YA/YE

oda odayasevgi sevgiyesağ sağakitap kitaba

aşk aşkaet ete

Uses :

1- Used to talk about the direction to somewhere if they are added to a word of place .ex : Ahmet Ankara'ya geldi >>> Ahmet has come to Ankara.

2- To say the reason for something if they are added to the infinitive of a verb .ex : biz daireyi görmeye ( notice the k is ommitted and a y is added ) gideriz >>> We go to see the apartment.

3- To say that someone is doing something for someone else.ex : Ben bu kalemi Aysel'e aldım >>>I have bought / taken this pen for Aysel.

4- Used to say that someone is doing something uptill some time when they are added to a word of time .ex : Ahmet bu (saat) sekize alyor >>> Ahmet is working till 8 (o clock).

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D ) ( the object marker ) ı/i/u/ü :

In general sentences are formed of a subject , verb and object . There 's a special marker used after objects of the verbs .That marker is only used after determined objects.Determination means that the object is a proper noun , known from the context , etc... The object marker willbe discussed in dtail later on)

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N.B.

1-When you add a postposition to a word,it comes at the end of the word. ex.:oda(room)>>>odam(my room)>>>odamda(in my room).The exception is with the proper nouns ,like Ankara , Ahmet , Aysel , Deniz, etc...ex:Ankara'dan , Ahmet'ten , Aysel 'i , Deniz 'e ,etc...

2-An (N) is put between the possessive postposition of the third person(singular/plural) and the postposition.ex.:oda>>>odası>>>odasındakol>>>kolu>>>kolundaoda>>>odaları>>>odalrında

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II ) Past simple tense :

Conjugation:

STEP 1: Ommit the mak/mek from infinitive.

STEP 2: Add dı/tı : to verbs in which the last vowel is (a/ı) .di/ti : to verbs in which the last vowel is (e/i) .du/tu : to verbs in which the last vowel is (o/u) .dü/tü : to verbs in which the last vowel is (ö/ü) .

N.B.TI/Tİ/TU/TÜ are added to verbs with (ç/f/h/k/p/s/ş/t) consonants as their last letter.

Step 3 : add

ben msen no nothingbiz k

siznız / niz / nuz / nüz

onlar

lar / ler / nothing

Ex :I found ben buldumyou found sen buldunhe/she found

o buldu

we found biz buldukyou found siz buldunuzthey found

onlar buldu/buldular

Uses :

The past simple tense is used to talk about anything that happened before now. The past simple tense is widely used both in written and spoken turkish .

N.B.

The simple past of the "verb to be" will be discussed later".

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III ) Negative form of present simple:STEP 1 : Ommit mak/mek from infinitive.

STEP 2 : Add :

last vowel of stem:a/ı/o/u

last vowel of stem:e/i/ö/ü

ben -mam -memsen -mazsın -mezsino -maz -mezbiz -mayız -meyizsiz -mazsınız -mezsinizonlar

-mazlar -mezler

Ex:

bulmak gelmekben bulmam gelmemsen bulmazsın gelmezsino bulmaz gelmezbiz bulmayız gelmeyizsiz bulmazsınız gelmezsinizonlar

bulmazlar/bulmaz

gelmezler/gelmez

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Culture :1- Istanbul is a very big city . However it's hard to find good accommodation for a long time there . So ,take care ..If you want to go there for a long time you should arrange it .

I hope this website helps you find good hotels (not only inturkey byt world wide)

2- One of Turkey's big problems is INFLATION.That's why the number I mentioned may be too small when you go there .To have a good internet connection in Turkey ,you should pay about 69 million liras a year.(That's to make things clear ) However , prices in Turkey are

considered very low.

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What have we achieved in this lesson ?2- 1- You have learnt to talk about the rooms in your house .

2- You have learnt 3 postpositions and the object marker .3- You have learnt how to conjugate and use verbs in the simple past .4- You have learnt how to get the negative form of verbs in the present simple.5- You have some hints about two of Turkey's big problems.

Lesson 8 : The Weather Today !!

Dialogue | Vocabulary | verb to be in the past simple | Culture | Objectives

Dialogue :Aysel and Deniz are talking about the weather today.Let's see what they are saying ..

Aysel : Ah ! Bugün hava çok sıcak değil mi ?

Deniz : Haklısın Aysel . Ankara'da yazınhava çok sıcaktır.

Aysel : İstanbul'da bile hava güzel değil.Geçen kış fazla soğuktu .

Deniz : Evet ,kışın yağmur ve kar bile çok yağıyor .

Aysel : Bugün hava sıcaklığı kaç derece ?

Deniz : 38 derece !!

Aysel : Ah ! It's very hot today ,isn't it ?

Deniz : You are right Aysel .It's very hot in summer in Ankara .

Aysel : Even in Istanbul ,It's not very good !!It was too cold last winter .

Deniz : Yes , It rains and even snows in winter.

Aysel : What is the temperature today ?

Deniz : 38 C !!

Aysel : My God !

Deniz : It was cool yesterday !!

Aysel : Aman Tanrım !

Deniz : Dün serindi !!

Aysel : Doğru ! Dün hava güzeldi !!

Deniz : Ağustos ayında Avustralya'da kış !!

Aysel : Annen henüz Avustralya'da mı ?

Deniz : Evet , Avustralya'da hava rüzgarlı !!

Aysel : Herhalde bu günlerde çalışmayız .Sınavlar bitti !!

Aysel : Right ! It was good yesterday !

Deniz : In august it's winter in Australia !!

Aysel : Your mother's still in Australia ?

Deniz : Yes , It's stormy in Australia !!

Aysel : Anyway ,we are not working these days .The exams are over!

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Vocabulary :

Ahan interjection used to express pain or wonder in turkish

hava

air / weather (in turkish we say weather is ...hot/cold/etc... not it's ...as in English)

sıcak hothaklı right (= not wrong)yazın in summer (adverb)bile evengeçen last / pastkış winterfazla too much (more than

accepted/

tolerable)soğuk coldkışın in winter (adverb)yağmur rainkar snow

(yamur / kar /) yağmak

to rain / to snow ( the -yor- tense will be discussed later )

hava sıcaklığı air temperature

derecedegree (temperature is measured in celsius in Turkey!)

aman

an interjection used to say that you feel that something is very strange

Tanrım my Godserin cool / good weatherdoğru right / trueağustos AugustAvustralya Australiarüzgarlı >>> adjective of rüzgar

wind >>> windy

herhalde anywaysınav examination / testbitmek to be over / to be finished

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Grammar :

"Verb to be" in the past simple

A) Conjuagation

Note :"imek" (verb to be) is a suffix in Turkish.

Step 1:

Add ydı/ydi/ydu/ydü to any word (noun/adjective) that ends in a vowel.Choose the suffix according to the word typeExample:

şanlı şanlıydıiyi iyiydimutlu mutluydugözlüklü

gözlüklüydü

OR

Add tı/ti/tu/tü to any word (noun/adjective) that ends in one of these consonants " ç f h k p s ş t " Example:ak aktıpis pistisoluk

soluktu

üst üsttü

OR

Add dı/di/du/dü to any word (noun/adjective) that ends in any other consonant.Example:bal baldıserin

serindi

kul kuldu

körkördü

Step 2: If you want to conjugate "verb to be " with different persons (" I , you , he , she , we and they ") add ben msen no nothingbiz k

siznız/niz/nuz/nüz

Onlar

lar/ler/ nothing

Exampl : ben mutluyum >>> ben mutluydumI am happy >>> I was happy

Summary :

ben sen o biz siz onlar

şanlı şanlıydım şanlıydın şanlıydı şanlıydık şanlıydınızşanlıyıdılar / şanlıyıdı

iyi iyiydim iyiydin iyiydi iyiydik iyiydiniziyiydiler / mutluydu

mutlu mutluydum mutluydun mutluydu mutluyduk mutluydunuzmutluydular / mutluydu

gözlüklü

gözlüklüydüm

gözlüklüydün

gözlüklüydü

gözlüklüydük

gözlüklüydünüz

gözlüklüydüler / gözlüklüydü

ak aktım aktın aktı aktık aktınız aktılar / aktı

pis pistim pistin pisti pistik pistinizpistiler / pisti

soluk soluktum soluktun soluktu soluktuk soluktunuzsoluktular / soluktu

üst üsttüm üsttün üsttü üsttük üsttünüzüsttüler / üsttü

bahtıyar

bahtıyardım

bahtıyardın

bahtıyardıbahtıyardık

bahtıyardınızbahtıyardılar / bahtıyardı

şirin şirindim şirindin şirindi şirindik şirindinizşirindiler / şirindi

cesur cesurdum cesurdun cesurdu cesurduk cesurdunuz cesurdular

kör kördüm kördün kördü kördük kördünüzkördüler / kördü

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Culture :1- You will find people talking about the weather everywhere in Turkey.I really noticed that all turks are concerned with the weather!! The cause may be that the weather there suddenly changes!!You

should take car about the weather there especially in the anatolian regions! Cities like Istanbul , Izmir , the southern coast is however very good!

2- Turkey , like most countries , uses the celsius system not the Fahrenheit .

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What have we achieved in this lesson ?1- You have learnt how to describe today's weather!

2- You have learnt how to conjugate "verb to be" in the past simple.

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Lesson 9 : I want to go to cagaloglu street !!

Dialogue | Vocabulary | The -yor- tense | country/city + l/li/lu/l | culture | Objectives

Dialogue :

Bob and Mary are american tourists in Istanbul. They wanted to visit some friends in cagaloglu street but their turkish friend Erksin couldn't go with them. So they decided to go on their own !!Simply they were lost but fortunately both Bob and Mary knew turkish and they asked someone in the street about Cagaloglu.

Bob : Affedersiniz efendim ! Nasıl çağaloğlu caddesine gidiyoruz ?

Efendi : Siz oraya çok uzaksınız !!Siz İstanbullu değil misiniz?

Mary : Hayır ! Amerikalıyız !

Efendi : Türkiye'ye hoş geldiniz efendim .

Mary : Hoş bulduk .

Bob : Biz çağaloğlu caddesine yürümek isitiyoruz

Bob : Excuse me , Mr/Mrs/Miss ! How ( can ) we go to cagaloglu street ?

Mr / Mrs / Miss : You are far away from (to) cagaloglu !!You are not from Istanbul ?

Mary : No ! We are americans .

Mr/Mrs/Miss : Welcome to Turkey , Mrs.

Mary : Thanks .

Bob : We want to walk to cagaloglu

Efendi : Olur ! Ama çok yürüyorsunuz!

Mary : Oraya kaç kilometre ?

Efendi : İki kilometre ?

Bob : Öyle uzak değil !

Efendi : İyi ! Siz doğru gidin , sağda dördüncü caddeye dönün sonra da solda ikinici caadeye dönün!

Bob : çok teşekürler efendim .

Efendi : Bir şey değil .

street .

Mr/Mrs/Miss : Ok ! But you are going to walk much .

Mary : How many kilometers (to there) ?

Mr/Mrs/Miss : Two kilometers .

Bob : It's not that far !!

Mr/Mrs/Miss : Well ! You go straight , turn to the fourth street on the right then to the second on the left !

Bob : Thanks a lot ,Mr/Mrs/Miss .

Mr/Mrs/Miss : Nothing .

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Vocabulary :

affedersiniz excuse me (you forgive me) cadde avenue / streetoraya = ora + ya

(to) there = there + to

uzakfar (the turks usually say far "to=a/e/ya/ye" not far from)

İstanbullu from Istanbul(Citizen of Istanbul)Amerikalı American / American citizenTürkiye Turkeyhoş geldiniz welcome

hoş buldukfixed phrase used to answer "welcome" in turkish

yürümek to walkkilometre kilometeröyle to that extent / like thatdoğru straight(adverb) / true dördüncü fourthdönmek to turn / return / come back

ikinci secondteşekkürler thanksbir şey değil it is nothing (to reply thanks in turkish)

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Grammar :

The -yor- tense

Conjugation

Step 1 : Ommit mak/mek of the infinitive. Example : gelmek / anlamak >>> gel / anla

Step 2 : A) If the stem ends in a consonant , add ı/i/u/ü to it. Example : gel >>> geli

B) If the stem ends in a vowel , ommit it and add ı/i/u/ü to it. Example : anla >>> anlı

Step 3 : Add one of these suffixes according to the subject .

ben yorumsen yorsuno yorbiz yoruzsiz yorsunuzonlar

yorlar / yor

Uses :

1- Used to talk about something that happens at the present .Now, these days ,....

2- Used to talk about habits and routine (commoner than the present simple)

3- Used to talk about the futur.

Note:1- To get the question form >>> use yor +

muyum/musun/mu/muyuz/musunuz/yorlar mı .

2- To get the negative form >>> add mı/mi/mu/mü to the stem in step 2 >>> gel >>>gelmi>>> gelmiyor ,gelmiyorsun etc...

infinitive

affirmative negativeaffirmative question

negative question

almak

alıyorum / alıyorsun / alıyor / alıyoruz / alıyorsunuz / alıyorlar

almıyorum / almıyorsun / almıyor / almıyoruz / almıyorsunuz / almıyorlar

alıyor muyum / alıyor musun / alıyor mu / alıyor muyuz / alıyor musunuz / alıyorlar mı

almıyor muyum / almıyor musun / almıyor mu / almıyor muyuz / almıyor musunuz / almıyorlar mı

gelmek

geliyorum / geliyorsun / geliyor / geliyoruz / geliyorsunz / geliyorlar

gelmiyorum / gelmiyorsun / gelmiyor / gelmiyoruz / gelmiyorsunuz / gelmiyorlar

geliyor muyum / geliyor musun / geliyor mu / geliyor muyuz / geliyor musunuz / geliyorlar mı

gelmiyor muyum / gelmiyor musun / gelmiyor mu / gelmiyor muyuz / gelmiyor musunuz / gelmiyorlar mı

bulmak

buluyorum / buluyorsun / buluyor / buluyoruz / buluyorsunuz / buluyorlar

bulmuyorum / bulmuyorsun / bulmuyor / bulmuyoruz / bulmuyorsunuz / bulmuyorlar

buluyor muyum / buluyor musun / buluyor mu / buluyor muyuz / buluyor musunuz / buluyorlar mı

bulmuyor muyum / bulmuyor musun / bulmuyor mu / bulmuyor muyuz / bulmuyor musunuz / bulmuyorlar mı

görmek

görüyorum / görüyorsun / görüyor / görüyoruz / görüyorsunz / görüyorlar

görmüyorum / görmüyorsun / görmüyor / görmüyoruz / görmüyorsunz / görmüyorlar

görüyor muyum / görüyor musun / görüyor mu / görüyor muyuz / görüyor musunz / görüyorlar mı

görmüyor muyum / görmüyor musun / görmüyor mu / görmüyor muyuz / görmüyor musunz / görmüyorlar mı

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country/city + lı/li/lu/lüAdd to l/li/lu/l to a country or a city to get its adjective.Example :Amerika(America) >>> Amerikalı Ankara >>> Ankaralı İstanbullu >>> İstanbulluBerlin >>>Berlinliİran >>> İranlıJaponya(Japan) >>> JaponyalıMısır(Egypt) >>> MısırlıBelçika(Belgium) >>> BelçikalıAlmanya(Germany) >>> Alman / AlmanyalıFransa (France) >>> Fransız / Fransalı

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Culture :1- Turkey uses kilometers not miles .

2- The turks are very friendly .You may ask anybody about your way if you felt lost!!

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What have we achieved in this lesson ?1- You have learnt how to ask about your way !

2- You have learnt how to conjugate and use the -yor- tense.

3- You have learnt to express your nationality.

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Lesson 10 : What shall we take to Trabzon ?

langtolang.com

to

Dialogue | Vocabulary | "With" postposition | Subjunctive | objectives

Dialogue :Erksin wants to see her parents in Trabzon . Her american friends Bob and Mary asked to go with her . They are talking about what they should take to Trabzon .

Erksin : biz nasıl Trabzon'a gideriz ?

Bob : uçakla gidelim !!

Erksin : olmaz ! uçak çok pahalı

Mary : gemiyle olsun !

Erksin : ne güzel !

Bob : ben hiç gemiyle gitmem .

Mary : neden ?

Bob : gemiden daima korkuyorum !

Erksin : ben ve Mary gemiyle gidiyoruz !

Bob : ben otobüsle gidiyorum!!

Erksin : otobüs çok tehlikeli !!

Bob : tehlikeli mi ?

Erksin : tabii .Hergün çok kazalar oluyor .

Bob : trenle giderim .

Mary : oraya tren bulmazsınız .

Bob : ben mutlaka gemiyle gitmem

Erksin : How shall we go to Trabzon ?

Bob : let's go by plane !

Erksin : no ! the plane is very expensive .

Mary : Let it be by ship !

Erkisn : excellent !

Bob : I'll never go by ship !

Mary : Why ?

Bob : I am afraid of ships !

Erksin : I and Mary will go by ship !

Bob : I shall go by bus !

Erksin : It's very dangerous !!

Bob : Dangerous ?

Erksin : Sure . Many accidents happen everyday .

Bob : I'll go by train !

Mary : You won't find any train going there .

Bob : I won't ever go by ship .

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Vocabulary :

uçak planepahalı expensivegemi shipdaima always

korkmak (dan/den/tan/ten)

afraid (from)

otobüs bustehlike(li) danger(ous)tabii (interjection) surely / certainlyhergün everydaykaza accident

olmakhappen / be(used in place of imek where imek can't be used)

tren trainmutlaka ever / never

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Grammar :

ile/-le/-la/yle/yla (=with/by) postposition

Conjugation :

This postposition is unique . You may use it as a suffix (-le/-la) ,or as a separate word (ile) . The "separate word" form is fixed .

The rule

Add la/le to any word that ends in a consonant .

OR

Add yla/yle to any word that ends in a vowel.

uçak uçaklatren trenlearaba (car)

arabayla

gemigemiyle

Uses :

1- Used with means of transport . Example: Ben trenle giderim >>> I'll go by train .

2- Used to say the tool you use Example: Ahmet kalemle yazyor >>> Ahmet is writing with the pen .

3- Used to mean "with " somebody Erksin Ahmet'le konuşuyor >>> Erksin is talking with Ahmet .

4- Used to make adverbs Example : Ahmet hızla gidiyor >>> Ahemt is going fast (with speed)

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The subjunctive : (a/e/ya/ye tense )

Conjugation :

Step 1 : Ommit the mak/mek of the infinitive >>>yazmak /okumak / girmek / yürümek >>> yaz / oku / gir / yürü

Step 2 : ( just if the stem ends in a vowel ) Add " y " to the stem . yaz / okuy / gir / yürüy

Step 3 : Add an "a" to hard stems or an "e" to soft stems .yaz / okuy / gir / yürüy / >>> yaza / okuya / gire / yürüye

Step 4 : Add these suffixes for different persons

person

hard verb stem

soft verb stem

ben yım yimsen sın sino - -biz lım limsiz sınız sinizonlar lar ler

Examples :

ben sen o biz siz onlaryazmak

yazayım yazasın yaza yazalım yazasınız yazalar

okumak

okuyayım

okuyasın

okuya

okuyalım

okuyasınız

okuyalar

girmek gireyim giresin gire girelim giresiniz gireler

yürümek

yürüyeyim

yürüyesin

yürüye

yürüyelim

yürüyesiniz

yürüyeler

To get the question form :

Just add mı/mi as a separate word after the verb Example : yazayım mı / okuyasın mı/ girelim mi etc...

to get the negatıve form :

Add maya/meye after the stem then add the suffixes Exaple : yazmayayım / okumayasın / girmeyelim / etc....

Uses :

1- Used to make suggestions. Example : İstanbul'a trenle gidelim . >>> Let' go to Istanbul by train .

2- Used to make wishes . Example : Ben çok ders çalışıyorum (study) iyi notlar (marks) alayım(almak=to get/take) . >>> I study a lot to get good marks .

Note :We usually use the third person impertive instead of the third person subjunctive .Example:trenle gitsin ( not trenle gidesin ) >>> let him go by train

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What have we achieved in this lesson ?1- You have learnt various means of transport .

2- You have learnt how to conjugate and use "ile" .

3- You have learnt how to conjugate and use the subjunctive .

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Lesson 11 : Clothes !!

Dialogue | Vocabulary | Hard and soft consonants| Cardinal numbers | Order numbers | Objectives

Dialogue :Bob and Mary wanted to buy some gifts for their friends.Erksin suggested that they buy some clothes.She knows a very good store .Let's see

Satıcı : Buyurun efendim ! Ne arzu edersiniz ?

Mary : Biz hediye için bir şeyler satın almak istiyoruz .

Satıcı : Ne gibi ?

Mary : henüz bilmeyiz ! Bir bakalım mı ?

Satıcı : tabii efendim , buyurun bakın !

Erksin : Bu etek güzel değil mi ?

Mary : Beli çok güzel !Ama galiba çok pahalı !

Erksin : Bu etek kaç lira ?

Satıcı : otuz iki milyon lira .

Erksin : ucuz .Ben bu eteği alırım .

Mary : şu pantolon kaça ?

Satıcı : Otuz beş lira ?

Bob : şu pantolon çok kısa ,Mary !!

Mary : Bir deneyeyim !

Satıcı : Siz haklısınız efendim .

Mary : Ne güzel , ama gerçekten

Vendor : Welcome sirs/madams .What do you order ?

Mary : We want to buy some gifts .

Vendor : What like ?

Mary : We don't know yet ! May we have a look ?

Vendor : Sure , madam . You are welcome !

Erksin : This skirt is beautiful ,isn't it ?

Bob : Yes , it is ! But most probably very expensive .

Erksin : How much is this skirt ?

Vendor : Thirty two million liras

Erksin : It's cheap . I'll take this skirt

Mary : How much are those trousers ?

Vendor : Thirty five million liras !

Bob : Those trousers are very short , Mary !

Mary : Let me try it .

Vendor : You are right ,madam

çok kısa .

Bob : Ben hep haklıyım !! Bu ceket kaç numara ?

Satıcı : 38

Bob : Deneyeyim mi?

Satıcı : Elebette.

Erksin : Mary , bu palto ne güzel .

Mary : Hem de bu gömlek .

Erksin : Bu palto bana uymuyor mu ?

Mary : Galiba sana gelir !

Bob : He Mary he Erksin ! Bu ceket hakkında ne dersiniz ?

Erksin : Galiba biraz uzun !

Mary : Erksin haklı .

Bob : Ama rengini çok beğendim .

Mary : çok uzun ,Bob .

Eksin : Arkadaşın için bu fistan güzel mi .

Mary : Evet , çok güzel . Bu fistan Ann için alırım .

Mary : They are very beautiful ,but really very short !

Bob : I am always right . What is the number of this Jacket .

Vendor : 38

Bob : May I try it ?

Vendor : Sure .

Erksin : Mary , this coat is very pretty .

Mary : This shirt too .

Erksin : Doesn't this coat go with (match) me ?

Mary : Most probably it does .

Bob : hey Mary hey Erksin ,what do you say about this jacket ?

Erksin : It's a little long .

Mary : Erksin's right .

Bob : But I liked its color a lot .

Mary : It's very long , Bob .

Erksin : Is this dress good for your friend .

Mary : Yes , it's very beautiful . I'll buy this dress for Ann .

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Vocabulary :

hediye giftiçin (fixed postposition)

for

şey thing

satın almak to buyistemek to wantgibi (fixed psotposition)

like

bilmek to knowbakmak to watch / to see etek skirtpahalı expensiveucuz cheapalmak to take / to buyşu thatpantolon trouserskısa shortdenemek to try / to testgerçekten really / actually / in fact

hepalways (adverb) / all / the whole

ceket jacketpalto coatgömlek shirtuymak to match / go withhakkında aboutdemek to say / to meanuzun long / tallrenk colourbeğenmek to likearkadaş friendfistan dress

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Grammar :

Hard and soft consonantsIn your first TURKCE2020 free lesson ,you have learnt the hard and soft vowels .Now we shall learn the rule of hard and soft consonants .

What are consonants ?They are : b c ç d f g h j k l m n p r s ş t v y z

The hard consonants are : ç f h k p s ş t

The soft consonants are all other consonants : b c d g j l m n r v y z

The rule is :Some hard consonants are changed to soft ones when they are followed by a suffix that begins with a vowel .

Hard consonant

Soft consonant

ç c

kğ(common)/g(rare)

p bt d

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The cardinal numbers :

1 bir 2 iki 3 üç 4 dört 5 beş 6 altı 7 yedi 8 sekiz9 dokuz

10 on

11 on bir

12 on iki

13 on üç

14 on dört

15 on beş

16 on altı

17 on yedi

18 on sekiz

19 on dokuz

20 yirmi

21 yirmi bir

22 yirmi iki

23 yirmi üç

24 yirmi dört

25 yirmi beş

26 yirmi altı

27 yirmi yedi

28 yirmi sekiz

29 yirmi dokuz

30 otuz

31 otuz bir

32 otuz iki

33 otuz üç

34 otuz dört

35 otuz beş

36 otuz altı

37 otuz yedi

38 otuz sekiz

39 otuz dokuz

40 kırk

41 kırk bir

42 kırk iki

43 kırk üç

44 kırk dört

45 kırk beş

46 kırk altı

47 kırk yedi

48 kırk sekiz

49 kırk dokuz

50 elli

51 elli bir

52 elli iki

53 elli üç

54 elli dört

55 elli beş

56 elli altı

57 elli yedi

58 elli sekiz

59 elli dokuz

60 altmış

61 altmış bir

62 altmış iki

63 altmış üç

64 altmış dört

65 altmış beş

66 altmış altı

67 altmış yedi

68 almış sekiz

69 altmış dokuz

70 yetmiş

71 yetmiş bir

72 yetmiş iki

73 yetmiş üç

74 yetmiş dört

75 yetmiş beş

76 yetmiş altı

77 yetmiş yedi

78 yetmiş sekiz

79 yetmiş dokuz

80 seksen

81 seksen bir

82 seksen iki

83 seksen üç

84 seksen dört

85 seksen beş

86 seksen altı

87 seksen yedi

88 seksen sekiz

89 seksen dokuz

90 doksan

91 doksan bir

92 doksan iki

93 doksan üç

94 doksan dört

95 doksan beş

96 doksan altı

97 doksan yedi

98 doksan sekiz

99 doksan dokuz

100 yüz

100 yüz

200 iki yüz

300 üç yüz

400 dört yüz

500 beş yüz

600 altı yüz

700 yedi yüz

800 sekiz yüz

900 dokuz yüz

1000 bin

204 iki yüz dört

332 üç yüz otuz iki

10 000 on bin

100 000 yüz bin

900 000 dokuz yüz bin

800 888 sekiz yüz bin sekiz yüz seksen sekiz

9 999 999 dokuz milyon dokuz yüz doksan dokuz bin dokuz yüz doksan dokuz

222 222 222 iki yüz yirmi iki milyon iki yüz yirmi iki bin iki yüz yirmi iki

7 000 000 000 yedi bilyon

1 trillion = bir trilyon

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order numbers :

bir one birinci firstiki two ikinci secondüç three üçüncü thirddört four dördüncü fourthbeş five beşinci fifthaltı six altıncı sixthyedi seven yedinci seventhsekiz eight sekizinci eighthdokuz nine dokuzuncu ninthon ten onuncu tenthon bir on birinciyirmi yirminciotuz otuzuncukırk kırkıncıelli ellinci

altmış altmışıncıyetmiş yetmişinciseksen seksenincidoksan doksanıncıyüz yüzüncüiki yüz iki yüzüncüdört yüz bir dört yüz birincibin binincion yedi bin iki yüz beş

on yedi bin iki yüz beşinci

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What have we achieved in this lesson ?1- You have learnt how to talk about clothes .

2- You have learnt the rule of hard and soft consonants .

3- You have learnt the cardinal numbers .

4- You have learnt the order numbers .

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Turkish basic expressions :

Note : This page is written in turkish !To view turkish letters right , click view >>>encoding>>>more>>> turkish. General | Greetings | Questions | The time | Months | Days | Cardinal numbers | Order numbers | The city and the country | Colours | Clothes and accessories | Common phrases | Family and relatives | Food and beverages | Vegetables | Fruits and nuts | House | Countries , nationalities and languages

General

yes evetno hayırthanks teşekkürlerthanks a lot çok teşekkürlerreply to bir şey değil

thanksexcuse me affedersiniz

sorryteessüf ederim / özür dilerim

reply to sorry

bir sorun değil

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Greetings

good morninggün aydıngood evening iyi akşamlargood night iyi gecelerhi selam / merhabawelcome hoş geldinizreply to welcome

hoş bulduk

how are you nasılsınızI am fine iyiyim

goodbyegörüşmek üzere / Allahaısmarladık

reply to goodbye

güle güle / görüşmek üzere

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Questions :

what nehow nasıl

whyniçin / niye / neden

who kimwhich hangiwhere neredewhere from neredenwhere to nereyewhen ne zamanwhat hour saat kaçtawhat does this mean :

bu ne demek

how much ne kadarwith what neylewith whom kiminlewhose kiminis there / are there

var mı

do you have ... sizde ... var mı

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the time

centuryyüzyılyear yıl / senemonth ayday günhour saat

minutedakika / dakka

second sanyaseason mevsimmorning

sabah

noon öğleevening

akşam

night gecewinter kışspring baharsummer

yaz

aumtumn

sonbahar

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Months

January OcakFebruary

Şubat

March Mart

April NisanMay Mayıs

JuneHaziran

JulyTemmuz

AugustAğustos

September

Eylül

October EkimNovember

Kasım

December

Aralık

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Days

MondayPazartesi

Tuesday SalıWednesday

Çarşamba

Thursdayperşembe

Friday cuma

Saturdaycumartesi

Sunday Pazar

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Cardinal numbers

1 bir 2 iki 3 üç 4 dört 5 beş 6 altı 7 yedi 8 sekiz9 dokuz

10 on

11 on bir

12 on iki

13 on üç

14 on dört

15 on beş

16 on altı

17 on yedi

18 on sekiz

19 on dokuz

20 yirmi

21 yirmi

22 yirmi

23 yirmi

24 yirmi

25 yirmi

26 yirmi

27 yirmi yedi

28 yirmi sekiz

29 yirmi

30 otuz

bir iki üç dört beş altı dokuz31 otuz bir

32 otuz iki

33 otuz üç

34 otuz dört

35 otuz beş

36 otuz altı

37 otuz yedi

38 otuz sekiz

39 otuz dokuz

40 kırk

41 kırk bir

42 kırk iki

43 kırk üç

44 kırk dört

45 kırk beş

46 kırk altı

47 kırk yedi

48 kırk sekiz

49 kırk dokuz

50 elli

51 elli bir

52 elli iki

53 elli üç

54 elli dört

55 elli beş

56 elli altı

57 elli yedi

58 elli sekiz

59 elli dokuz

60 altmış

61 altmış bir

62 altmış iki

63 altmış üç

64 altmış dört

65 altmış beş

66 altmış altı

67 altmış yedi

68 almış sekiz

69 altmış dokuz

70 yetmiş

71 yetmiş bir

72 yetmiş iki

73 yetmiş üç

74 yetmiş dört

75 yetmiş beş

76 yetmiş altı

77 yetmiş yedi

78 yetmiş sekiz

79 yetmiş dokuz

80 seksen

81 seksen bir

82 seksen iki

83 seksen üç

84 seksen dört

85 seksen beş

86 seksen altı

87 seksen yedi

88 seksen sekiz

89 seksen dokuz

90 doksan

91 doksan bir

92 doksan iki

93 doksan üç

94 doksan dört

95 doksan beş

96 doksan altı

97 doksan yedi

98 doksan sekiz

99 doksan dokuz

100 yüz

100 yüz

200 iki yüz

300 üç yüz

400 dört yüz

500 beş yüz

600 altı yüz

700 yedi yüz

800 sekiz yüz

900 dokuz yüz

1000 bin

204 iki yüz dört

332 üç yüz otuz iki

10 000 on bin

100 000 yüz bin

900 000 dokuz yüz bin

800 888 sekiz yüz bin sekiz yüz seksen sekiz

9 999 999 dokuz milyon dokuz yüz doksan dokuz bin dokuz yüz doksan dokuz

222 222 222 iki yüz yirmi iki milyon iki yüz yirmi iki bin iki yüz yirmi iki

7 000 000 000 yedi bilyon

1 trillion = bir trilyon

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Order numbers

bir one birinci firstiki two ikinci second

üç three üçüncü thirddört four dördüncü fourthbeş five beşinci fifthaltı six altıncı sixthyedi seven yedinci seventhsekiz eight sekizinci eighthdokuz nine dokuzuncu ninthon ten onuncu tenthon bir on birinciyirmi yirminciotuz otuzuncukırk kırkıncıelli ellincialtmış altmışıncıyetmiş yetmişinciseksen seksenincidoksan doksanıncıyüz yüzüncüiki yüz iki yüzüncüdört yüz bir dört yüz birincibin binincion yedi bin iki yüz beş

on yedi bin iki yüz beşinci

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The city and the country :capital başkentmunicipality belediyestreet caddealley sokakSquare meydanroad yolpavement / sidewalk

yaya kaldırımı

sewer lağımpedestrian yayacrowd kalabalıkrailway demiryolutunnel tünel

tower burçstatus statübridge köprüregion / area bölgedistrict bölgequarter mahallepalace sarayfountain fiskiyeuniversity üniversitebank bankahospital hastanetent çadırgarage garajparking parkcircus sirkpark park

zoohayvanat bahçesi

library kütüphanetheatre tiyatrocinema sinemaclub kulüpcasino gazinostore mağazasupermarket süpermarketbaker's fırıncıbutcher's kasapfishmonger's balıkçıcafe kahvehanelaundry çamaşırhanebookshop kitapçıcoiffeur kuaföroffice ofismarket çarşıfactory fabrikavillage köyfield tarlavilla villagarden bahçemill değirmenwood orman

canal kanaltomb / grave mezarborders sınırlar

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Colours :

beige bejblack siyahblue mavi

brownkahve rengi

golden altın rengigreen yeşil

greygri / külrengi

mauveleylak rengi

orangeportakal rengi

pink pembepurple morred al / kırmızı

silvergümüş rengi

turquoise

turkuaz

white beyazyellow sarıdark koyulight açık

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clothes and accessories :(in alphabetical order )

anorak anorakbathrobe bornozblouse bluz

bra sutyencap kasketcoat paltodress elbisegirdle kemergloves eldivenhandkerchief

mendil

hat şapkajacket ceketjeans blucinnightdressgecelikoveralls tulumpanties kadın külotupullover kazakpyjamas pijamaraincoat yağmurluksandals sandalscarf eşarpshirt gömlekshoes ayakkabıskirt etekslip kombinezonslippers terliksocks kısa çorapstockings uzun çorapsuit takım elbisesweater kazak

sweatshirtuzun kollu pamuklu kazak

swimsuit mayotie kravattights külotlu çoraptrousers pantolonunderpants

külot

waistcoat yelek

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Common phrases :

can I try this on ?

Bunu deneyebilir miyim?

This is so beautiful !

Bu çok güzel

How much is this ...

Bu ... kaça ?

I 'll take this ... bu ... alırım .Where to pay ? ödemek neredeit's too long fazla uzunit's too short fazla kısathis is too large bu fazla büyükthis ... too small bu ... fazla küçükit's so expensivepek pahalı... is cheap ucuzsale indirim

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Family and relatives :

boy oğlanman adambachelor bekarson oğulfather babahusband kocababy bebekbrother kardeş

cousinamcazade / dayızade

uncle( father's brother)

amca

uncle ( mother's brother)

dayı

grandpa dedegrandson torunrelative hısımorphan yetimgirl kızwoman kadındaughter kızwife eş

child çocuksister hemşiremother anneaunt (father's sister)

hala

aunt(mother's sister)

teyze

grandma ninegranddaughter torun

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Food and beverages :menu yemek listesibreakfast kahvaltılunch öğle yemeği

dinnerakşam yemeği

meal yemekbread ekmekbutter tereyağıcheese peyniryoghurt yoğurthoney baljam reçelegg yumurtaspaghetti spagettimacaroni makarnapizza pizahamburger hamburgermeat etminced meat

kıyma

beef sığır eticutlet pirzolasausage sucuk / sosisfish balıkchicken tavuksoup çorbavegetable sebze çorbası

souptomato soup

domates çorbası

lentil soupmercimek çorbası

onion soup soğan çorbasıpickles turşuoil yağsugar şekersalt tuzmustard hardalvinegar sirkesause salçasalad salatatart turtamilk sütcoffee kahvecream krematea çayfruit juice meyve suyubeer birawine şarapwhisky viskibitter acısweet tatlıhot sıcakcold soğukfresh tazeraw çiğrice pilav

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Vegetables :lemon limoncucumber

hıyar

tomato domatescauliflower

karnabahar

cabbage lâhanaonion soğangarlic sarımsakradish turp

parsleymaydanoz

carrot havu?bean fasulyepotato patateslettuce maruleggplant patlıcanspinach İspanakpepper biberartichoke

enginar

quince ayvapine çamzucchini kabakturnip şalgam

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Fruits amd nuts :bananas muzoranges portakalmandarines

mandalina

appels elmagrapes üzümfigs incirmangoes mangodates hurmaapricot kay?s?strawberries

çilek

pineapple ananasraspberry dutwatermelon

karpuz

melon kavun

Plum armutpeaches erikpears armutpomegranate

nar

hazels fındıkpistachios fıstıkalmonds badem

raisinskuru üzüm

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House :building inşaatfloor / storey

kat

flat dairelift asansörstairs merdivendoor kapıkey anahtarwindow pencereroof çatı

floorzemin / döşeme

bathroom banyoshower duştoilet tuvalethall holcorridor koridorbalcony balkonsofa kanepechair iskemletable masacurtain perdecarpet halıcupboard dolapbedroom yatak odasıbed yatak

pillow yastık

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Countries , nationalities and languages :Country/continent (England)

country in turkish

nationality Englishman/English

Language English

Europe Avrupa Avrupalı -Belgium Belçika belçikalı fransızca/hollandalıcaNetherland Hollanda hollandalı hollandalıcaGermany Almanya alman almancaFrance Fransa Fransız fransızcaEngland İngiltere ingiliz ingilizceSpain İspnaya İspanyal? İspanyolcaRussia Rusya rus rusçaPoland Polonya Polonyalı PolonyalıcaPortugal Portekiz portekizli portekizceItaly İtalya ialyalı italyacaScotland İskoçya İskoçyalı İskoçyalıcaGreece yunanistan yunan yunancaYugoslavia Yugoslavya yugoslav sırp?aRomanya romanya rumen rumenceBulgaria bulgaristan bulgar bulgarcaCroatia Hırvatistan Hırvat HırvatçaSerbia Sırbistan sırp sırpçaBosnia bosna hersek boşnak sırpça/hırvatça

Czecçek cumhuriyeti

çek çekçe

Slovakia Slovakya slovak slovakçaAustria Avusturya Avusturyalı almancaHungary Macaristan macar macarca

Swtizerland İsviçre İsviçreliAlmanca / İtalyaca / Fransızca

Sweden İsveç İsveçli İsveççeNorway Norveç norveçli norveççeFinland Finlandiya Fin FinceTurkey Türkiye türk türkçeAlbania Arnavutluk Arnavut ArnavutçaBellorussia Beyaz rusya beyaz rus beyaz rusça

Denmark Danimarka danimarkalı danimarkacaEstonia Estonya estonyalı estoncaIreland İrlanda irlandalı ingilizceLethuania Litvanya litvanyalı litvancaMacedonia Makedonya makedonyalı makedoncaUkraine Ukranya ukranyalı ukrancaAsia Asya asyalı -Syria Suriye Suriyeli arapçaIrak Irak Iraklı arapçaJordan Ürdün ürdünlü arapçaPalestine Filistin Filistinli arapçaIsrael İsrail İsrailli İbraniceIran İran iranlı farsçaArabia arabistan arabi arapçaPakistan Pakistan Pakistanlı urduIndia Hindistan hintli hintçeKhazakistan Kazakistan Kazak kazakçaUzbekistan Özbekistan özbek özbekçeTajikistan Tacikistan tacik tacikçeTurkmenistan Türkmenistan türkmen türkmenceChina Çin çinli çinceKorea Kore koreli koreceJapan Japonya Japon japoncaKuwait Kuveyt kuveytli arapçaLebanon Lübnan lübnanlı arapçaThailand Tayland tay taycaTaiwan Tayvan tayvanlı çinceAustralia Avustralya avustralyalı ingilizceNew zealand Yeni zelanda yeni zelandalı ingilizceThee new world

yeni dünya yeni dünyalı -

America(USA) Amerika(ABD) amerikalı ingilizceCanada Kanada Kanadalı ingilizceMexico Meksika meksikalı ispanyolcaVenezuela Venezuela venezuelalı ispanyolcaEl Ecuador Ekavtor ekvatorlu ispanyolcaBrazil Brezilya brezilyalı portekizceCuba Küba kübalı ispanyolcaAfrica Afrika Afrikalı -Egypt Mısır mısırlı arapçaLybia Libya libyalı arapça

Algeria Cezair cezairli arapçaSouth africa Güney Afrika güney afrikalı afrikanzNigeria Nijerya Nijeryalı ingilizceKenia Kenya kenyalı ingilizceMorocco Fas Faslı arapça