City of Cape TownDIRECTORATE: CITY HEALTH

Primary Health Care

Presented by: Dr Ivan BromfieldExecutive Director: City Health

ContentContext in the metro Some selected outcomesMandateCity ResourcesChallengesDiscussion on Way Forward

EIGHT

Context in MetroThere are two authorities responsible for PHC

i.e. City Health and Metro District Health Services (PGWC)

Have agreed on cooperative management structures i.e. a District Executive (DEX) and eight Integrated Sub-district Management Teams (ISDMT’s)

Have developed:• Joint District Health Plan - Includes a District Health Expenditure Review

(DHER) and the setting of joint priorities, programmes and targets.• Signed Service Level Agreement dealing with current funding arrangement for

clinic services. • Provincial Act on the establishment of a District Health Council – still to get

operational date proclaimed• Established Metro Health Forum (community structure) but the framework in

which it should operate has yet to be approved by the Provincial Health Council.

Infant Mortality RateBabies dying < 1 yr of age, out of 1,000 live births

25 2422 21 20 20 21

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

5.35.2 5.2

4.4

2006 2007 2008 2009

Cape Town: % of births to women <18yrs2007-2009

Cape Town Metro: STIs-New, 2004-2010

80 57172 506 73 132

59 102 63 482 63 489 59 620

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

STIs-New Linear (STIs-New)

21.926.2

47.3

58.764.3

52.2

62.1

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Male Condom distribution, 2004-2010 (millions)

This looks good, but…

21.9 26.2

47.358.7

64.3

52.262.1

116

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Target

Male Condom distribution, 2004-2010 (millions)

We set stretch targets:2 condomsX52 weeks=104 condoms/male >15yrs/year

TB Case-finding and New Smear+ Cure Rate

77

78

80

82

22,000

23,000

24,000

25,000

26,000

27,000

28,000

29,000

30,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

74757677787980818283

No. of TB cases registered for treatment Cure rate (%)

‘Get tested’ & HCT campaigns

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

90 000

100 000

Q3

04

Q4

04

Q1

05

Q2

05

Q3

05

Q4

05

Q1

06

Q2

06

Q3

06

Q4

06

Q1

07

Q2

07

Q3

07

Q4

07

Q1

08

Q2

08

Q3

08

Q4

08

Q1

09

Q2

09

Q3

09

Q4

09

Q1

10

Q2

10

How do we get it right?Decentralized management – 8 Sub-DistrictsFlat structure (few managerial levels)Integrated approach: personal & environmental health fall under same SD Manager maximise collaboration (not separate divisions)Management systems and processes geared for service delivery on the ground.Lean middle management with a strong sense of purpose and skills in project & change management. Flexibility, innovation and creativity encouraged.Lots of horizontal networks and communication opportunities for adoption and transfer of innovationCulture of using ‘information for action’: structured quarterly Plan-Do-Review meetingsExtensive feedback and staff recognition (award ceremonies)Investment in partnerships: Academia, researchers, NGOs/NPOs

MandateOur Mandate

Constitution

LG competencies of Municipal Health Services (MHS), Air Pollution, Business Licensing & Noise Pollution

Health Act

Personal Primary Health care (PPHC) – dealt with in terms of a signed SLA with Provincial Government Health Department – continue to improve cooperation and SLA

Other legislation

By-laws

Environmental Health By-law

Air Pollution Control By-law (was adopted by Council in 31 March 2010 and was gazetted in August 2010)

Health Responsibility of 3 spheres of Government

Organisational AspectEight sub-districts

" City Health is responsible for public health in the City of Cape Town. Our services are delivered on the WHO District Health System (DHS) model which means that we have divided the City into 8 subdistricts (service delivery areas) i.e. Southern, Western, Northern, Eastern, Khayelitsha, Mitchells Plain, Klipfontein and Tygerberg.

Across the City there are:

93 clinics, 18 satellite clinics and 6 mobile clinics (NB: clinic services delivered in partnership with PGWC metro district health services who run 47 Community Health Centres)

Approximately 104 Environmental Health Practitioners delivering a decentralised service to the 8 sub-districts.

Air Quality Management Unit - responsible for 7 monitoring stations spread across the City (Bothasig, City Hall, Drill Hall, Goodwood, Khayelitsha, Molteno Reservoir, Killarney.) This service is done in partnership with Scientific Services who have a monitoring station at Athlone."

City Health Resources

2009/2010 Financial Year

OPEX: R 666,723,341 – Spend 98.5%

CAPEX: R 26,313,979 – Spend 97.2%

STAFF: – 1,438

Increasing Burden of Disease and patient numbers with no additional resources (staffing & opex)

Increasing costs of pharmaceuticals and laboratory tests above parameter budget increases

Uncertainty over governance of PHC (clinic services)

Current issues

“Relationship” strain

Staff burn out.

Challenges

PHC at Sub-District Level

Tertiary & specialized hospitals

District Hospitals:•More serious medical conditions•Increased admissions•Increased costs: both to services & patients

MDHS Community Health Centres:•Doctor intensive, more complex •Misuse of scarce staff resources: nurse clinical skills underutilized•Fragmentation & duplication •Increased service costs•Poor efficiency & effectiveness

City PHC Facilities•Providing variable packages of care with serious omissions•Nurse-based, without daily doctor support – reduces the package•Patient delays due to difficulty in accessing PHC services •Clinical deterioration, unnecessary increased morbidity & mortality•Staff stress, anxiety, fatigue, absenteeism & attrition•Smaller and easier to manage

Public confusion, Dissatisfaction, lack of trust

Public confusion, Dissatisfaction, lack of trust

Public by-passing the PHC system

Public by-passing the PHC system

Worsening community health status

Worsening community health status

Resources not where they are most needed & difficult to shift them

Resources not where they are most needed & difficult to shift them

Two authorities more costly and doesn't facilitate seamless service provision

Two authorities more costly and doesn't facilitate seamless service provision

No political will to resolve the situation

No political will to resolve the situation

‘Healthy City for All’ vision not fulfilled

‘Healthy City for All’ vision not fulfilled

MDGs will not be met

MDGs will not be met

PROBLEMS TO ADDRESSResources shortage to be resolved

Assessment of staff shortages at the various CoCT sites Within resource constraints, prioritization of 1-2 problems per sub-district to be addressed every year

Exclusion from strategic positioning• Strategic planning discussion /sessions to be

implemented at CoCT• Develop a focussed plan of action• Health Care 2020 to acknowledge and include

the presence of CoCT, until such time that it ceases to provide PHC.

Organizational culture• Develop assertiveness• Withdraw from toxic relationship with MDHS sub-

structures• Negotiate harmonization of services with MDHS• Each authority to be responsible for own

improvement plans and accountable for own performance results

• At PDR, HCT meetings, etc each authority to be questioned separately for own performance in relation to targets

Resolve the funding strategy problems• CoCT financial contribution from rates and taxes

to be increased• PGWC criteria for disbursing funds between the

2 authorities to be made available• Or funding to come directly from National to

CoCT• Update of total transfer payments to CoCT

Principles in favour of Local Government Providing PHCPHC approach demands that communities be meaningfully involved in controlling its own health services. LG is the democratically elected local representatives of the community.

Multi-disciplinary and intersectoral approach - Will lose link with hard engineering services (Water, Sanitation, Solid Waste)

City currently renders a very effective “clinic services” component of the PHC package

City currently contributes to the provision of clinic services from rates. If clinic services were to be under the authority of PGWC they would have to identify additional funding to cover this gap as this income from rates would be lost to clinic services.

The reality is that the fundamental issue revolves around funding. If LG could obtain funding directly from National to make up the funding gap, the City would then still be in a position to contribute additional funds over and above this towards PHC from rates.

We need to understand what local government should be doing as guided by the principles of the Constitution, the Systems Act and the Structures Act. It is a sphere of government in its own right which must provide basic services and be developmental in nature.

The matter should be looked at from a developmental service delivery aspect based on the needs of the community – NOT just a ‘unfunded mandate’ perspective.

Based on what local governments objectives are as outlined in the Constitution and the two Acts we should be asking:

• What should we be doing for PHC?• What is our role in cross cutting matters?• Who should be responsible for funding of PHC?

Approach to Way Forward

Way ForwardThere is general agreement that health services in the country should be based on the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach, and that public health services should be organised in terms of the DHS model.

Municipal health services (MHS) is defined in the Act and a high court decision in April 2008 concluded that the definition is, “capable of a construction that incorporates such primary health care services as municipalities provided before the Act came into force.”

The relevant MEC must assign such health services to a municipality in his or her province in terms of section 156(4) of the Constitution i.e. if that matter would most effectively be administered locally and the municipality has the capacity to administer it.

From the above it is clear that the legislation allows for the City of Cape Town to render PHC in its broader sense as opposed to the narrow environmental health interpretation of MHS.

Conclusion

There must be active engagement with those metros who indicate a willingness to offer PHC services involving all three spheres of government.

Thank You