CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY - … learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF D LESSONS LEARNT CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY

Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF

D

LESSONS LEARNT CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY

Seminar High-speed Rail in SwedenMalmö, November 21st 2016

Juan Ayrault PérezArchitect

Special Developments ManagerPassenger Stations Directorate

Adif - Spanish Railway Infrastructure Management


I N D E X

1. Introduction

2. History of Spanish Railways

2.1 Starting conditions

2.2 Brief history

3. HS implementation

3.1 Early development

3.2 Business model

3.3 Network expansion

4. HS and the City

4.1 Impact of HS in public opinion

4.2 First examples

4.3 Multiplying factor: side effects

5. Conclusions


Foreword

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N

Copernican revolution

• Railway development in Spain has faced from the very

beginning structural problems: geography, population,

lack of capitals, a different gauge...

• In 1992 two world events marked a turning point:

Barcelona Olympic Games and World Expo in Seville.

• At the same time, a revolutionary change in transport

infrastructures was happening: the first HS line from

Madrid to Seville started on April 12th

1992.

• This fact conveyed remarkable consequences in Spain’s

infrastructures shape and future.

• This presentation summarizes the implementation

process of HS and some of its more remarkable

achievements and challenges.

Viaduct - Malaga


2.1 Starting conditions

The Iberian peninsula has historically had unfavourable

conditions for railway development:

• Mountainous landscape.

• Population, activity and riches very irregularly distributed

• A controversial decision based on a 1844 report : Iberian

gauge (1668 mm)

Rough terrain

2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y

Madrid Atocha 1905

Juan Subercase, author of 1844 gauge report


A mountainous peninsula

The second most

mountainous

European country

after Switzerland.

Geography has

always been a key

factor in transport

and

communications.

Iberian Peninsula relief



A complex playground

Population density is

irregularly

distributed.

People live in the

centre

(Madrid&Metro area)

and the coast.

On the other hand,

average distances

demanded are on

the 500-700 Km

range. So the most

suitable for HS

Spanish population density



One country, two systems

HS line has been

implemented in

standard UIC

gauge.

Variable gauge

facilities and 3rd

rails are needed for

trains that use both

networks.

MAD

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FIG

FRANCE

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PORTUGAL

3rd rail turnout. Source Ferropedia



2.2 History

• Opening of the Barcelona-Mataró line in 1848.

• Creation of RENFE in 1941, consequence of private

companies’ bankruptcies and Civil War destructions.

• World Bank report and loan In 1962 Improvement of

important lines and closing of others. No new lines were

built.

• Harsh competition of road and plane from 60’s to 80’s

• New access to Andalusia in 1992. The turning point

Hard trail


Madrid – Aranjuez opening 1851

Madrid – Atocha 1900Commuter train 1968


3.1 Early Development of HS

NAFA – New Railway Access to Andalusia. Madrid Seville, 250

kph.

• Old line with a huge gap in access to Andalusia.

Technically very difficult to solve

• First stretch follows an old line

• New mountain passage shortens itinerary 70 km

• Standard gauge 1435 mm. Obliges to build a parallel line

from Cordoba to Seville

Controversial decision from the beginning with

consequences:

• Ride time shortened from six to less than three hours.

• Travel from city centre to city centre.

• First year 50% of customers switched from plane to

train.

• Five years later it was 85%.

Unexpected success

3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N

Old and newMadrid – Andalusia railway lines

Madrid

Seville

Cordoba


3.2 Business model

• Imitation of airlines was intentional. Even the brand name

‘AVE’ referred to air flight.

• Security regulations similar to airports.

• Exclusive ticket holder areas

• Perception of customers changed dramatically

• Business travelers adopted massively HS

• New customer profiles appeared: HS regional commuters

Traits


Travelator in Madrid - Atocha

Impossible scene in Spanish HSSecurity scannersTicket control


3.3 Network expansion

HS network has grown from the original 471 km to current

3.143.

• 34 HS stations

• 31 M passengers in 2015. Tenfold from the beginning

• Major urban areas serviced, except N and NW.

• Connected to French network on eastern side.

• 45% of Spanish population lives in a 50 Km radius.

• Intermediate stations in less populated areas.

• Network expanded quickly from 2003 to 2013, not it

does at a lower pace.

• Some international connections are still pending:

Atlantic French border and Portugal

Maturity


Station Cuenca Fernando Zóbel


MAD

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PORTUGAL

22 - 12 - 2007 MADRID – VALLADOLID

20 - 02 - 2008 CAMP TARRAGONA – BARCELONA

21 - 04 - 1992 MADRID – SEVILLA.

11 - 10 - 2003 MADRID – LLEIDA

23 - 12 - 2003 ZARAGOZA – HUESCA

16 - 11 - 2005 MADRID – TOLEDO.

26 - 12 - 2006 LLEIDA – C. TARRAGONA

23 - 12 - 2007 ANTEQUERA – MALAGA

16 - 12 - 2006 CORDOBA – ANTEQUERA

18 - 12 - 2010 MADRID – VALENCIA

10 - 12 - 2011 OURENSE – A CORUÑA

08 - 01 - 2013 BARNA – FIGUERES

18 - 06 - 2013 ALBACETE – ALICANTE

18 - 04 - 2015 VIGO – SANTIAGO

28 - 04 - 2015 SEVILLA – CÁDIZ

29 - 09 - 2015 VALLADOLID – LEON

17 - 12 - 2015 MEDINA – ZAM – SALAMANCA

HS Network Expansion


ALM

GRA

BIL

SPANISH HS2016:

3.228 kmDesign up to 350 km -

h

Operation 310 km - h

400 HS trains - day

31 M Passengers - year

52% of total rail passengers-km

travel on HS


MAD

SEV

LLEZGZ

HU

TAR

COR

ANT

TOL

BCNVLD

VAL

ALB

CU

MLG

FIG

FRANCE

OUR

SAN

COR

VIG

LEON

ZAM

SAL

GI

ALI

CAD

PORTUGAL

22 - 12 - 2007 MADRID – VALLADOLID

20 - 02 - 2008 CAMP TARRAGONA – BARCELONA

21 - 04 - 1992 MADRID – SEVILLA.

11 - 10 - 2003 MADRID – LLEIDA

23 - 12 - 2003 ZARAGOZA – HUESCA

16 - 11 - 2005 MADRID – TOLEDO.

26 - 12 - 2006 LLEIDA – C. TARRAGONA

23 - 12 - 2007 ANTEQUERA – MALAGA

16 - 12 - 2006 CORDOBA – ANTEQUERA

18 - 12 - 2010 MADRID – VALENCIA

10 - 12 - 2011 OURENSE – A CORUÑA

08 - 01 - 2013 BARNA – FIGUERES

18 - 06 - 2013 ALBACETE – ALICANTE

18 - 04 - 2015 VIGO – SANTIAGO

28 - 04 - 2015 SEVILLA – CÁDIZ

29 - 09 - 2015 VALLADOLID – LEON

17 - 12 - 2015 MEDINA – ZAM – SALAMANCA

HS Network Expansion


ALM

GRA

BIL

SPANISH HS2016:

3.228 kmDesign up to 350 km -

h

Operation 310 km - h

400 HS trains - day

31 M Passengers - year

52% of total rail passengers-km

travel on HS


4.1 Changing mind

• HS had a great impact in public opinion: local authorities

switched from scepticism to enthusiasm

• HS facilitated people movement: tourism, business,

commuters, even people who didn’t travel previously. 30%

induced demand.

• Railway perception changed completely. ‘AVE’ WAS COOL

• HS expansion was associated with urban development

from the beginning: municipalities approved

refurbishments and new developments associated with new

HS lines

4.2 First examples

Madrid – Seville HS line affected to Madrid, Cordoba and Seville

urban areas. Areas surrounding stations changed dramatically.

• Railway disappeared or was minimised as an urban barrier.

• HS injected life to refurbished or newly built urban areas.

Linked forever

4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y

M. Atocha. Tropical garden


Sevilla – Santa Justa

Seville Santa Justa Station took the place of a former project

• New HS line reshaped railway accesses to Seville

• Old terminal station was turned into a shopping mall

• The city recovered the northern bank of the river

• New underground HS line eliminated the railway barrier

• The new terminal transformed the whole neighbourhood

• New housing accompanied the new terminal



Seville. Urban renovation after HS line arrival


Railway wall in calle Torneo Former railway station

New Torneo avenue Railway station turned shopping mall


Sevilla – Santa Justa



Córdoba

Cordoba Station was located beside the existing one

• Tracks were put underground. Railway barrier

disappeared

• The space formerly occupied by old railways facilities is

now a boulevard with new housing and hotels.

• HS has highly increased passenger numbers, hotel

stays, and has fostered the tourist and convention sector.


Cordoba station

Cordoba, Libertad av.Located over the tracks


Madrid – Puerta de Atocha

Madrid Atocha turned out as the major hub of all the Spanish

transport network. These are the elements of its success

• A new commuter station beside the HS terminal

• Intermodal connections with buses and metro

• Central position in town, close to the key tourist

attraction sites

• Urban renovation of its surroundings


M. Atocha. Location


Urban area surrounding Atocha was degraded. From

mid 80’s urban renovation actions took place:

• Demolition of road bridge

• Reina Sofia museum in a former hospital

• Renovation of hotels ad private buildings

• New commuter (1988) and HS (1992) stations

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Previous status


Road bridge in Atocha square

Antonio Lopez described Atocha gloomy atmosphere in a 1960 painting


Atocha surroundings. Urban renovation: Reina Sofia Museum – NH Hotel


Reina Sofia Museum, new entrance

Hotel NH Nacional

Jean Nouvel enlargement

General Hospital crossection


1851

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 1988-1991 New Commuter Station



1851

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 1992. HS Terminal – Canopy refurbishment



1851

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2002. New boarding platform



1851

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2007. 2nd North – South commuter tunnel



1851

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2010. Arrivals terminal



1851

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2017. HS North-South tunnel



1851

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 202.... HS through station



Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Station complex



PRADO MUSEUM

12 min

REINA SOFÍA MUSEUM

10’ min

THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA MUSEUM

15 min

RETIRO PARK

15 min

BOTANICAL GARDEN

10 min

CAIXA FORUMMUSEUM

10 min

ATOCHA STATION

Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Location as an urban landmark

Most visited monuments and historical sites are located on

stations’ surroundings, accessible by short pedestrian routes



Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Passenger traffic evolution 2001-2015

Madrid Atocha has multiplied its passenger outcome and keeps growing



4.2 Further development

• Other terminals were refurbished, enlarged or newly built,

as long as the HS network expanded.

• Many of them were linked to real estate developments

and/or urban renovation.

• Retail Implementation was usually associated, occasionally

with large malls as Malaga’s.

• HS continues to be a major player in cities, affecting in the

most positive way any aspect of urban life

Linked forever



Valencia – New HS Station and Central Park

Valencia HS terminal is a provisory one, still pending on the

new station through

• Associated to a huge urban renewal including the new

Central Park of 230.000 sqm.

• Enhances intermodal exchange with commuter and metro

networks.

• Still pending on connection with the Mediterranean axis.


Central ParkFormer station and enlargement


HS station through

connects with

• New

underground

commuter line

• Metro

• Regional rail

network


Valencia – New HS Station. Intermodal connections


HS station

organizes railway

traffic in two

stories, one for

conventional

railway, other for

HS – standard

gauge


Valencia – New HS Station. Crossection


Valencia. Urban developments


Urban planning

includes a new

neighbourhood

around Garcia

Lorca boulevard


Iberian gaugeUIC gauge

Located in the outskirts of the town (50.000h). Only

intermediate town between Madrid and Valencia, at a similar

distance of each

• Newly built through station

• Connected by bus with city centre

• One of the highest ration of users

• It has improved tourism

Cuenca. New HS station



Málaga

Vialia Malaga María Zambrano station was developed under the

vialia® brand.

• A PPP between Adif and a real estate operator was

established

• Comprises 35.000 sqm of retail, including a hotel


Refurbished old pavillions

Vialia Malaga Maria Zambranostation


Vialia project was a part of the refurbishment of all the

surrounding area. It has the best intermodal connections in

town, with commuter network, regional and urban buses and

tram

Málaga


Malaga tram

Vialia Malaga area urban planning

Commuter station Malaga

Bus station Malaga


Madrid – Chamartin

Madrid Chamartín was built in 1970-1975. Still waits its big

enlargement. A project for adaptation to HS is going on

• A new HS tunnel that will link Northern and Southern

networks

• HS lines enlargement (standard gauge)

• New urban developments in former railway facilities land

• Business District enlargement


Madrid Chamartín locationIn North Madrid


C O N C L U S I O N S

Positive outcome

5.1 Results

• HS is a major player in urban life, fostering economic

activities

• Attracts customers from other modes, mainly road and

plane

• New kinds of customers appear, such as regional

commuters

• Urban planning and design are key players and

complementary tools when HS lines reach cities.

Lleida Pirineus station


Future

5.2 Challenges

• Recovering from a crisis environment.

• Increasing passenger share

• Improving international connections

• Enhancing intermodal exchange

• Implementing new technologies

Vigo Urzáiz. Thom Mayne project

C O N C L U S I O N S


THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Documents

CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY - … learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF D LESSONS LEARNT CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY