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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The transport system for The transport system for your body your body

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The transport system for your body

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Page 1: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The transport system for your body

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The transport system for your The transport system for your bodybody

Page 2: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The transport system for your body

H&W Outcome

• I am developing my understanding of the human body and can use this knowledge to maintain and improve my wellbeing and health.

HWB 3-15a / HWB 4-15a

Throughout this unit, the following Health and Wellbeing learning outcome will be covered in great detail:

H&W

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Lesson 8 – Learning Lesson 8 – Learning outcomesoutcomes• Know the function of the circulatory Know the function of the circulatory

systemsystem

• Know the main organs of the Know the main organs of the circulatory systemcirculatory system

• Know what substances are carried by Know what substances are carried by the circulatory systemthe circulatory system

• Know the structure of the heart, and Know the structure of the heart, and the function of each side of the heartthe function of each side of the heart

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The circulatory systemThe circulatory system

• We need to deliver various essential We need to deliver various essential substances to our cells, and remove waste substances to our cells, and remove waste materials from our cells.materials from our cells.

• The The bloodblood carries all of these substances carries all of these substances from one place to another.from one place to another.

• Your blood carries Your blood carries foodfood (from your (from your digestive system) and digestive system) and oxygenoxygen (from your (from your lungs) to your body’s cells.lungs) to your body’s cells.

• It also carries It also carries waste materialswaste materials away from away from the cells.the cells.

• As well as this, blood carries As well as this, blood carries heatheat around around the body.the body.

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The circulatory system consist of the The circulatory system consist of the heartheart and the and the blood vesselsblood vessels..ArteriesArteries are blood vessels which carry blood away are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heartfrom the heartVeinsVeins are blood vessels which carry blood back to are blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart.the heart.CapillariesCapillaries are tiny blood vessels which connect are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins.arteries to veins.

These are just someof thearteries andveins of the body.

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• Arteries take blood to all parts of the body. Arteries take blood to all parts of the body.

• They divide many times to form tiny They divide many times to form tiny capillaries.capillaries.

• These supply all the cells of the body with These supply all the cells of the body with the food and oxygen they need.the food and oxygen they need.

• Veins take blood containing carbon dioxide Veins take blood containing carbon dioxide and waste materials away from the cells.and waste materials away from the cells.

• The heart is a pump which keeps the blood The heart is a pump which keeps the blood moving around the body.moving around the body.

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Summary noteSummary note

• The job of the circulatory system is to The job of the circulatory system is to _______________ materials around the body. _______________ materials around the body.

• The ___________ is a pump which keeps blood The ___________ is a pump which keeps blood moving around the body.moving around the body.

• ___________ carry blood away from the heart to ___________ carry blood away from the heart to the body. These divide to form very tiny blood the body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called ___________. vessels called ___________.

• Food and ________ goes into the cells while Food and ________ goes into the cells while _________ ________ and waste leaves the cells._________ ________ and waste leaves the cells.

• Capillaries join up to form ___________ which take Capillaries join up to form ___________ which take the blood back to the heart.the blood back to the heart.

COPY AND COMPLETE

ANSWERS ON THE NEXT SLIDE

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Summary noteSummary note

• The job of the circulatory system is to The job of the circulatory system is to move/transportmove/transport materials around the body. materials around the body.

• TheThe heart heart is a pump which keeps blood moving is a pump which keeps blood moving around the body.around the body.

• Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the carry blood away from the heart to the body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called called capillariescapillaries. .

• Food and Food and oxygenoxygen goes into the cells while goes into the cells while carboncarbon dioxidedioxide and waste leaves the cells. and waste leaves the cells.

• Capillaries join up to form Capillaries join up to form veinsveins which take the which take the blood back to the heart.blood back to the heart.

ANSWERS

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The HeartThe HeartYour teacher will show you a model of the human Your teacher will show you a model of the human

heartheart

• The heart has four The heart has four chambers, two on the chambers, two on the left side and two on the left side and two on the right side. (Look right side. (Look carefully at the carefully at the diagram – what do you diagram – what do you notice!)notice!)

• The aorta is the main The aorta is the main artery taking blood artery taking blood away from the heart. It away from the heart. It branches into smaller branches into smaller arteries which go to all arteries which go to all parts of the body.parts of the body.

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Circulation of bloodCirculation of blood

• The right side pumps The right side pumps blood to the lungs toblood to the lungs to pick up oxygen andpick up oxygen and get rid of carbon get rid of carbon dioxide.dioxide.• The left side pumpsThe left side pumps blood to the rest ofblood to the rest of the body.the body.• After delivering oxygen After delivering oxygen to the cells, the bloodto the cells, the blood returns to the right side returns to the right side of the heart again.of the heart again.

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Listen to your heart

• Your teacher will show you how to use the stethoscope.

• It is important to clean it with disinfectant before and after you use it.

• Place the end of the stethoscope against your skin, just to the left of the middle of your chest.

• Can you hear the two sounds the heart makes for each beat ?– this sound is sometimes called ‘Lub-DUB’.

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Did you know?• The heart beats about 100,000 times each day. • The electrocardiograph (ECG) was invented in

1902 by Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven. This test is still used to evaluate the heart's rate and rhythm .

• Your system of blood vessels - arteries, veins and capillaries - is over 60,000 miles long. That's long enough to go around the world more than twice!

• The ‘lub-DUB’ sound of the heart is caused when the heart valves (like tiny doors) close.

• Early Egyptians believed that the heart and other major organs had wills of their own and would move around inside the body .

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NotesNotes

• Complete pupil sheet ‘The Heart’ and Complete pupil sheet ‘The Heart’ and stick it into your notebook.stick it into your notebook.

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right atrium

right ventricle

left ventricle

left atrium

aorta

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Heart beating animationsHeart beating animations

•Heart beat animation (15 seconds))

•The ‘glass heart’ animation

•Real footage of a human heart beating – not for the squeamish!

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VideosVideos

• The Heart (includes Heart dissection) The Heart (includes Heart dissection) 5 mins5 mins

• Circulation of blood (performed byCirculation of blood (performed by

primary pupils) 3 min 28secprimary pupils) 3 min 28sec

• Circulation (animation) 1min 7 secCirculation (animation) 1min 7 sec

• Follow a blood cell (animation)Follow a blood cell (animation)

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InteractiveInteractive

• Find the heartFind the heart

• Healthy heart interactive games Healthy heart interactive games (British Heart Foundation)(British Heart Foundation)

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Test Your Knowledge 8

1. Name the organ which pumps blood around the body

2. Name two substances carried in the blood.3. How many chambers are there in the heart?4. Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?5. What name is given to blood vessels which take

blood back to the heart from the body?6. Name the waste gas produced by cells which is

taken by the bloodstream back to the lungs to be breathed out.

7. What name is given to the smallest blood vessels in the body?

ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

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Answers

1. Heart2. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, waste,

heat.3. Four4. Right side5. Veins6. Carbon dioxide7. Capillaries

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Lesson 9 – Learning Lesson 9 – Learning outcomesoutcomes

• Know about the composition of bloodKnow about the composition of blood

• Know what each component of blood Know what each component of blood doesdoes

• Know approximately what volume of Know approximately what volume of blood is in the human bodyblood is in the human body

• Do calculations concerning blood Do calculations concerning blood cellscells

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What is blood?What is blood?

• Blood seems to be a red Blood seems to be a red liquid, but the liquid part liquid, but the liquid part is really pale yellow. You is really pale yellow. You can show this by leaving can show this by leaving some blood to settle. some blood to settle.

• This liquid is called This liquid is called plasma.plasma.

• The red colour is due to The red colour is due to the red blood cells the red blood cells (RBCs).(RBCs).

• There are also white There are also white blood cells (WBCs) and blood cells (WBCs) and platelets.platelets.

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What does each part What does each part of the blood do?of the blood do?

• Red blood cells are the oxygen carriers.Red blood cells are the oxygen carriers. Animation of red blood cellsAnimation of red blood cells• White blood cells are part of the body’s defences White blood cells are part of the body’s defences

and help to fight infection.and help to fight infection. White blood cells engulfing bacteriaWhite blood cells engulfing bacteria• Platelets help to heal wounds by clotting the Platelets help to heal wounds by clotting the

blood at the site of an injury.blood at the site of an injury. Action of platelets at a woundAction of platelets at a wound• Plasma is mainly water and carries dissolved Plasma is mainly water and carries dissolved

food, waste, carbon dioxide and many other food, waste, carbon dioxide and many other chemicals around the body.chemicals around the body.

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Blood cellsBlood cells

White blood cells stained purple

Lots of red blood cells and one white blood cell

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Functions of bloodFunctions of blood• Copy and complete the table to show the function Copy and complete the table to show the function

of each part of the bloodof each part of the blood

Part of bloodPart of blood AppearanceAppearance FunctionFunction

Red blood Red blood cellscells

Disc shaped cellsDisc shaped cells

Irregular shaped Irregular shaped cellscells

Small fragments Small fragments Clotting of Clotting of bloodblood

Pale yellowy Pale yellowy liquidliquid

Carries food, Carries food, waste and waste and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

COPY AND COMPLETE

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Functions of bloodFunctions of blood• Copy and complete the table to show the function Copy and complete the table to show the function

of each part of the bloodof each part of the blood

Part of bloodPart of blood AppearanceAppearance FunctionFunction

Red blood Red blood cellscells

Disc shaped cellsDisc shaped cells Carry oxygenCarry oxygen

White blood White blood cellscells

Irregular shaped Irregular shaped cellscells

Fight infectionFight infection

PlateletsPlatelets Small fragments Small fragments Clotting of Clotting of bloodblood

PlasmaPlasma Pale yellowy Pale yellowy liquidliquid

Carries food, Carries food, waste and waste and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

ANSWERS

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How much blood?How much blood?

• Look at the jar containing the ‘blood’. Look at the jar containing the ‘blood’.

• This represents the average volume This represents the average volume of blood in the human body.of blood in the human body.

• Estimate how much blood you have Estimate how much blood you have in your body and write it down in in your body and write it down in your notebook.your notebook.

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Were you right?Were you right?

• The average volume of blood in the The average volume of blood in the human body is human body is

5 litres5 litres

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How many blood cells?How many blood cells?

• Each millilitre of blood contains about 5 Each millilitre of blood contains about 5 million white blood cells.million white blood cells.

• There are 1000 red blood cells for every There are 1000 red blood cells for every white blood cell.white blood cell.

• Try these calculations Try these calculations 1. Calculate the number of red blood cells in 1. Calculate the number of red blood cells in

one millilitre.one millilitre. 2. Calculate the number of red blood cells in 2. Calculate the number of red blood cells in

the the average human body.average human body.

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AnswersAnswers

•1. 5000 million1. 5000 million

•2. 25 million million2. 25 million million

(Is this 25 billion or 25 trillion?)(Is this 25 billion or 25 trillion?)

Link to Oxford Dictionary definition

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Test Your Knowledge 9

1. Which type of blood cells are involved in fighting infection?

2. Which type of blood cells carry oxygen?3. What is the function of platelets?4. What name is given to the liquid part of

the blood that the cells float in?5. Approximately how much blood is in the

human body?ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

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Answers

1. White2. Red3. Clotting of the blood at a wound4. Plasma5. Approximately 5 litres

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Lesson 10 - Learning Lesson 10 - Learning outcomesoutcomes• Know the effect of exercise on the heart Know the effect of exercise on the heart

rate (pulse rate)rate (pulse rate)

• Learn about different ways to take a pulseLearn about different ways to take a pulse

• Carry out an investigation to show how Carry out an investigation to show how heart rate is affected by level of exerciseheart rate is affected by level of exercise

• Understand why this happensUnderstand why this happens

• Know the relationship between resting Know the relationship between resting heart rate and fitnessheart rate and fitness

H&W

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How fast does your heart How fast does your heart beat?beat?

• Every time your heart beats, it causes Every time your heart beats, it causes a pulse in your arteries.a pulse in your arteries.

• This pulse can be felt at your wrist or This pulse can be felt at your wrist or your neck.your neck.

• Measuring your pulse rate tells you Measuring your pulse rate tells you how fast your heart is beating. (Pulse how fast your heart is beating. (Pulse rate = heart rate)rate = heart rate)

• Pulse rate is measured in beats per Pulse rate is measured in beats per minute.minute.

COPY

H&W

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Taking a pulseTaking a pulse• There are two places you can feel a There are two places you can feel a

pulse – your wrist or your neck. Look pulse – your wrist or your neck. Look carefully at the pictures and then try carefully at the pictures and then try each method.each method.

H&W

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How does exercise affect your How does exercise affect your heart rate?heart rate?

• You will investigate the effect of exercise on the You will investigate the effect of exercise on the heart rate.heart rate.

• You will measure your pulse rate sitting down, You will measure your pulse rate sitting down, after having been sitting for after having been sitting for at least 5 minutesat least 5 minutes..

• Your teacher will then tell you what gentle Your teacher will then tell you what gentle exercise to do.exercise to do.

• You will measure your pulse rate again, You will measure your pulse rate again, as soon as soon asas you have stopped. you have stopped.

• Next your teacher will tell you what vigorous Next your teacher will tell you what vigorous exercise to do.exercise to do.

• As soon as you stop, measure your pulse rate As soon as you stop, measure your pulse rate again.again.

• Before you start you must prepare a results Before you start you must prepare a results table (next slide).table (next slide).

H&W

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Effect of exercise on pulse rateEffect of exercise on pulse rate

ActivityActivity Pulse rate (beats Pulse rate (beats per minute)per minute)

At restAt rest

After gentle exercise After gentle exercise (eg walking)(eg walking)

After vigorous After vigorous exerciseexercise

(eg running on spot)(eg running on spot)

COPY AND COMPLETE

H&W

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Conclusion Discuss with a partner and answer

these questions in sentences.

1. What effect does increased activity have on the heart rate?

2. Explain why this happens.3. When do you think your heart rate

is at its lowest?

H&W

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Heart rate and Heart rate and fitnessfitness• Your Your restingresting heart rate can give an indication of how heart rate can give an indication of how

fit you are.fit you are.• The average resting heart rate for a healthy adult is The average resting heart rate for a healthy adult is

72 72 beats per minute.beats per minute.• The The lowerlower the resting heart rate, the the resting heart rate, the fitterfitter the person the person

is.is.• You can monitor your own fitness level over time by You can monitor your own fitness level over time by

checking your resting heart rate regularly.checking your resting heart rate regularly.• Compare the resting heart rate you gotCompare the resting heart rate you got in your Science class with the resting ratein your Science class with the resting rate you got in PE (this should be noted in you got in PE (this should be noted in your planner).your planner).• Are they similar? If not, why do you think Are they similar? If not, why do you think this is?this is?

H&W

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ConclusionConclusion

• As exercise level increases, the pulse rate As exercise level increases, the pulse rate _______________. _______________.

• This means that the heart is beating This means that the heart is beating _______________, which sends more blood around _______________, which sends more blood around the body.the body.

• This is necessary because the muscle cells need This is necessary because the muscle cells need more _________ and ____________ when they are more _________ and ____________ when they are working harder.working harder.

• A fit person will have a ______ resting heart rate.A fit person will have a ______ resting heart rate.• The average heart rate for a healthy adult is The average heart rate for a healthy adult is

______ beats per __________.______ beats per __________.

COPY AND COMPLETE

H&W

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Test Your Knowledge 10

1. Name two places on the body where you can feel a pulse.

2. When you feel a pulse, what kind of blood vessel are you feeling – artery or vein?

3. Jacob has a pulse rate of 70 beats per minute. What is his heart rate?

4. Alisha has a resting heart rate of 59 beats per minute. Who is fitter – Jacob or Alisha?

5. Why does the heart beat faster when you are running? (Mention leg muscles in your answer)

ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

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Answers

1. Wrist and neck2. Artery3. 70 beats per minute4. Alisha5. Your leg muscles need more food

and oxygen delivered to them as they are using up more energy.

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Lesson 11 – Learning Lesson 11 – Learning outcomesoutcomes

• Understand the cellular process of Understand the cellular process of respirationrespiration

• Know the difference between Know the difference between respiration and breathingrespiration and breathing

• Know the link between respiration, Know the link between respiration, breathing, digestion of food and breathing, digestion of food and circulationcirculation

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Respiration – Cells releasing Respiration – Cells releasing energyenergy• Once our Once our foodfood has been digested, it is has been digested, it is

absorbed into the blood and delivered to absorbed into the blood and delivered to our cells by the blood.our cells by the blood.

• The The oxygenoxygen we take in at the lungs is also we take in at the lungs is also delivered to our cells.delivered to our cells.

• Our cells use oxygen to release Our cells use oxygen to release energyenergy from the food. This is the energy which from the food. This is the energy which keeps all our cells alive and allows us to keeps all our cells alive and allows us to move, keep warm and grow.move, keep warm and grow.

• This chemical reaction in our cells is called This chemical reaction in our cells is called respirationrespiration. It is the reason why we have . It is the reason why we have to eat and breathe.to eat and breathe.

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Respiration – Cells Releasing Respiration – Cells Releasing EnergyEnergy

A human cellA human cell

Digested food

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

water

ENERGY is produced for heat, movement etc.

The carbon dioxide and water produced by respiration are taken away by the blood.

COPY this slide

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Respiration and breathingRespiration and breathing

• Respiration equationRespiration equation Food + OxygenFood + Oxygen Energy +Carbon Dioxide

+Water•Respiration happens inside every ______of the body. It is a chemical reaction which releases energy from _______.

•Breathing happens inside the _____. It is necessary to supply the ______ for respiration and to remove the _______ __________ produced by respiration.

COPY AND COMPLETE

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Body systems working Body systems working togethertogether• In order to keep our cells supplied with energy, In order to keep our cells supplied with energy,

several body systems work together.several body systems work together.

• The The digestive system digestive system breaks down food and breaks down food and gets it into the blood.gets it into the blood.

• The The breathing system breathing system adds oxygen to the blood adds oxygen to the blood

• The The circulatory system circulatory system delivers this digested delivers this digested food and oxygen to the cells which need it for food and oxygen to the cells which need it for respiration. It also takes the carbon dioxide respiration. It also takes the carbon dioxide produced by respiration back to the lungs to be produced by respiration back to the lungs to be breathed out.breathed out.

COPY

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Test Your Knowledge 11

1. Name the chemical reaction which releases energy from food.

2. What gas is needed for this reaction?3. What gas is produced by this reaction?4. State two things that the energy produced from this is

used for by the body.5. Why is breathing important for respiration?6. Why is digestion important for respiration?7. Why is the circulatory system important for

respiration?

ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

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AnswersAnswers

1.1. RespirationRespiration

2.2. OxygenOxygen

3.3. Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

4.4. Growth, heat, movement, keeping cells Growth, heat, movement, keeping cells alivealive

5.5. Supplies the oxygen Supplies the oxygen

6.6. Supplies the digested foodSupplies the digested food

7.7. Delivers the food and oxygen to all cellsDelivers the food and oxygen to all cells

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Research taskResearch task

• Prepare a leaflet from A4 paper or a Prepare a leaflet from A4 paper or a poster which gives people advice on poster which gives people advice on how to keep their heart and how to keep their heart and circulatory system healthy.circulatory system healthy.

• Include information on Include information on diet, exercise diet, exercise and health risksand health risks to avoid. to avoid.

• Make it colourful and attractive.Make it colourful and attractive.

• Put a title and your name on your Put a title and your name on your piece of work .piece of work .

H&WLITERACY

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Literacy Outcomes• Throughout the writing process, I can review and

edit my writing independently to ensure that it meets its purpose and communicates meaning clearly at first reading.

LIT 4-23a

• I can use a range of strategies and resources independently and ensure that my spelling, including specialist vocabulary, is accurate.

LIT 4-21a

• I enjoy creating texts of my choice and I am developing my own style. I can regularly select subject, purpose, format and resources to suit the needs of my audience.

LIT 4-20a

LITERACY